1
|
Ferretti F, Damonte G, Cantamessa F, Arrigo R, Athanassiou A, Zych A, Fina A, Monticelli O. On a Biobased Epoxy Vitrimer from a Cardanol Derivative Prepared by a Simple Thiol-Epoxy "Click" Reaction. ACS Omega 2024; 9:1242-1250. [PMID: 38222589 PMCID: PMC10785085 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
The development of this work lies in the relevant interest in epoxy resins, which, despite their wide use, do not meet the requirements for sustainable materials. Therefore, the proposed approach considers the need to develop environmentally friendly systems, in terms of both the starting material and the synthetic method applied as well as in terms of end-of-life. The above issues were taken into account by (i) using a monomer from renewable sources, (ii) promoting the formation of dynamic covalent bonds, allowing for material reprocessing, and (iii) evaluating the degradability of the material. Indeed, an epoxy derived from cardanol was used, which, for the first time, was applied in the development of a vitrimer system. The exploitation of a diboronic ester dithiol ([2,2'-(1,4-phenylene)-bis[4-mercaptan-1,3,2-dioxaborolane], DBEDT) as a cross-linker allowed the cross-linking reaction to be carried out without the use of solvents and catalysts through a thiol-epoxy "click" mechanism. The dynamicity of the network was demonstrated by gel fraction experiments and rheological and DMA measurements. In particular, the formation of a vitrimer was highlighted, characterized by low relaxation times (around 4 s at 70 °C) and an activation energy of ca. 48 kJ/mol. Moreover, the developed material, which is easily biodegradable in seawater, was found to show promising flame reaction behavior. Preliminary experiments demonstrated that, unlike an epoxy resin prepared from the same monomer and using a classical cross-linker, our boron-containing material exhibited no dripping under combustion conditions, a phenomenon that will allow this novel biobased system to be widely used.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federico Ferretti
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università
degli studi di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 31, 16146 Genoa, Italy
| | - Giacomo Damonte
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università
degli studi di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 31, 16146 Genoa, Italy
| | - Francesco Cantamessa
- Dipartimento
di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, Politecnico
di Torino, Viale Teresa
Michel 5, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Rossella Arrigo
- Dipartimento
di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, Politecnico
di Torino, Viale Teresa
Michel 5, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | | | - Arkadiusz Zych
- Smart
Materials, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Alberto Fina
- Dipartimento
di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, Politecnico
di Torino, Viale Teresa
Michel 5, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Orietta Monticelli
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università
degli studi di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 31, 16146 Genoa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cavallo V, Pruvost S, Gerard JF, Fina A. Dispersion of Cellulose Nanofibers in Methacrylate-Based Nanocomposites. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3226. [PMID: 37571119 PMCID: PMC10421470 DOI: 10.3390/polym15153226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly(methylmethacrylate-co-methacrylic acid) (PMMA-co-MAA) polymers were prepared via cobalt-mediated free radical copolymerization and were characterized after synthesis. The synthesis led to a 98.5% conversion and a final ratio between the two units, MMA/MAA, was equal to 63:37 mol%. PMMA-co-MAA was then used as a matrix for cellulose-based nanocomposites to tailor filler compatibility, thanks to the presence of carboxylic groups capable of generating strong H-bonds with the cellulose surface. Cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) were dispersed using a solution with a mixture of two solvents to tailor compatibility of both the components. For this purpose, CNFs were successfully re-dispersed in methanol using the solvent exchange method and tetrahydrofuran/methanol mixtures at different ratios were used for the preparation of the films. Fully transparent films of PMMA-co-MAA + CNF were prepared up to 15 wt% of CNF with a good dispersion in the matrix. This dispersion state leads to the reinforcement of the polymethacrylate matrix, increasing its tensile strength whilst preserving optical transparency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Cavallo
- Université de Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSA Lyon, Université Jean Monnet, UMR 5223, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, CEDEX, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France; (V.C.); (S.P.)
- Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, Politecnico di Torino, V.le Teresa Michel, 5, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Sébastien Pruvost
- Université de Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSA Lyon, Université Jean Monnet, UMR 5223, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, CEDEX, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France; (V.C.); (S.P.)
| | - Jean-François Gerard
- Université de Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSA Lyon, Université Jean Monnet, UMR 5223, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, CEDEX, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France; (V.C.); (S.P.)
| | - Alberto Fina
- Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, Politecnico di Torino, V.le Teresa Michel, 5, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Cantamessa F, Carniato F, Fina A. Thermoreversibly crosslinked silica-rubber composite prepared via melt processing. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2023.105552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
|
4
|
Damonte G, Cantamessa F, Fina A, Monticelli O. Star-shaped furoate-PCL: An effective compound for the development of graphite nanoplatelets-based films. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2023.105515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
|
5
|
Vallin A, Battegazzore D, Damonte G, Fina A, Monticelli O. On the Development of Nanocomposite Covalent Associative Networks Based on Polycaprolactone and Reduced Graphite Oxide. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2022; 12:3744. [PMID: 36364519 PMCID: PMC9654163 DOI: 10.3390/nano12213744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the development of nanocomposite systems based on reduced graphite oxide (rGO) was combined with the development of crosslinked materials characterized by dynamic covalent bonds, i.e., a covalent associative network, starting from ad-hoc synthesized hydroxyl terminated polycaprolactone (PCL-OH). The crosslinking reaction was carried out using methylenediphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) to create systems capable of bond exchanges via transesterification and transcarbamoylation reactions, in the presence of stannous octoate as a catalyst. The above materials were prepared at two different temperatures (120 and 200 °C) and two PCL-OH:MDI ratios. FT-IR measurements proved the formation of urethane bonds in all the prepared samples. Crosslinking was demonstrated by contacting the samples with a solvent capable of dissolving the star-shaped PCL. These tests showed a significant increase in the crosslinked fraction with increasing the temperature and the PCL-OH:MDI ratio. In order to evidence the effect of crosslinking on rGO dispersion and the final properties of the material, a nanocomposite sample was also prepared using a linear commercial PCL, with the nanofiller mixed under the same conditions used to develop the crosslinked systems. The dispersion of rGO, which was investigated using FE-SEM measurements, was similar in the different systems prepared, indicating that the crosslinking process had a minor effect on the dispersibility of the nanofiller. As far as the thermal properties are concerned, the DSC measurements of the prepared samples showed that the crosslinking leads to a decrease in the crystallinity of the polymer, a phenomenon which was particularly evident in the sample prepared at 200 °C with a PCL-OH: MDI ratio of 1:1.33 and was related to the decrease in the polymer chain mobility. Moreover, rGO was found to act as a nucleating agent and increase the crystallization temperature of the nanocomposite sample based on linear commercial PCL, while the contribution of rGO in the crosslinked nanocomposite samples was minor. Rheological measurements confirmed the crosslinking of the PCL-OH system which generates a solid-like behavior depending on the PCL-OH:MDI ratio used. The presence of rGO during crosslinking generated a further huge increase in the viscosity of the melt with a remarkable solid-like behavior, confirming a strong interaction between rGO and crosslinked PCL. Finally, the prepared nanocomposites exhibited self-healing and recyclability properties, thus meeting the requirements for sustainable materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Vallin
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università degli Studi di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 31, 16146 Genoa, Italy
| | - Daniele Battegazzore
- Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, Politecnico di Torino-Sede di Alessandria, Viale Teresa Michel, 5, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Giacomo Damonte
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università degli Studi di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 31, 16146 Genoa, Italy
| | - Alberto Fina
- Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, Politecnico di Torino-Sede di Alessandria, Viale Teresa Michel, 5, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Orietta Monticelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università degli Studi di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 31, 16146 Genoa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Jiang T, Maddalena L, Gomez J, Carosio F, Fina A. Polyelectrolytes Enabled Reduced Graphite Oxide Water Dispersions: Effects of the Structure, Molecular Weight, and Charge Density. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14194165. [PMID: 36236113 PMCID: PMC9573485 DOI: 10.3390/polym14194165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The polyelectrolyte (PE)-based water dispersion of graphene-related materials (GRMs) represents an interesting intermediate for the development of advanced materials by sustainable processes. Although the proof of concept has been demonstrated, there is a lack of knowledge for what concerns the effects of parameters typical of PEs such as functionalization, molecular weight, and charge density. In this work, we evaluate the effects of such parameters on the quality and long-term stability of reduced graphite oxide (rGO) dispersion in aqueous media prepared by ultrasound sonication in the presence of different PEs. Four PEs were evaluated: polyacrylic acid (PAA), branched poly(ethylenimine) (BPEI), sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), and poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonic acid) (PSS). The prepared dispersions were thoroughly characterized by means of UV-visible spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, dynamic light scattering, and Raman spectroscopy. The highest concentrations of rGO were achieved by BPEI with a molecular weight of 25,000 and 270,000 Da (33 and 26 µg/mL, respectively). For other PEs, the rGO concentration was found to be independent of the molecular weight. The PAA-based dispersions displayed the best through-time stability while yielding homogeneous dispersion with a smaller average size and narrower size distribution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianhui Jiang
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Alessandria Campus, V.le Teresa Michel 5, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Lorenza Maddalena
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Alessandria Campus, V.le Teresa Michel 5, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Julio Gomez
- AVANZARE Innovacion Tecnologica S.L., 26370 Navarrete, La Rioja, Spain
| | - Federico Carosio
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Alessandria Campus, V.le Teresa Michel 5, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Alberto Fina
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Alessandria Campus, V.le Teresa Michel 5, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Cantamessa F, Damonte G, Monticelli O, Arrigo R, Fina A. Thermoreversible Cross-Linked Rubber Prepared via Melt Blending and Its Nanocomposites. ACS Appl Polym Mater 2022; 4:4796-4807. [PMID: 35846782 PMCID: PMC9274616 DOI: 10.1021/acsapm.2c00416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A covalent adaptable network based on the thermoreversible cross-linking of an ethylene-propylene rubber through Diels-Alder (DA) reaction was prepared for the first time through melt blending as an environmental-friendly alternative to traditional synthesis in organic solvents. Functionalization of the rubber with furan groups was performed in a melt blender and subsequently mixed with different amounts of bismaleimide in a microextruder. Cross-linking was confirmed by FT-IR spectroscopy and insolubility at room temperature, while its thermoreversible character was confirmed by a solubility test at 110 °C and by remolding via hot-pressing. Mechanical and thermomechanical properties of the obtained rubbers showed potential to compete with conventionally cross-linked elastomers, with stiffness in the range 1-1.7 MPa and strain at break in the range 200-500%, while allowing recycling via a simple melt processing step. Nanocomposites based on the thermoreversible rubber were prepared with reduced graphene oxide (rGO), showing significantly increasing stiffness up to ca. 8 MPa, ∼2-fold increased strength, and thermal conductivity up to ∼0.5 W/(m K). Results in this paper may open for industrially viable and sustainable applications of thermoreversible elastomers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Cantamessa
- Dipartimento
di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, Politecnico
di Torino, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Giacomo Damonte
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università
di Genova, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - Orietta Monticelli
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università
di Genova, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - Rossella Arrigo
- Dipartimento
di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, Politecnico
di Torino, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Alberto Fina
- Dipartimento
di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, Politecnico
di Torino, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Damonte G, Maddalena L, Fina A, Cavallo D, Müller AJ, Caputo MR, Mariani A, Monticelli O. On novel hydrogels based on poly(2-hydroxyethyl acrylate) and polycaprolactone with improved mechanical properties prepared by frontal polymerization. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
9
|
Deokar G, Reguig A, Tripathi M, Buttner U, Fina A, Dalton AB, Costa PMFJ. Flexible, Air-Stable, High-Performance Heaters Based on Nanoscale-Thick Graphite Films. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:17899-17910. [PMID: 35357119 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c23803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Graphite sheets are known to exhibit remarkable performance in applications such as heating panels and critical elements of thermal management systems. Industrial-scale production of graphite films relies on high-temperature treatment of polymers or calendering of graphite flakes; however, these methods are limited to obtaining micrometer-scale thicknesses. Herein, we report the fabrication of a flexible and power-efficient cm2-scaled heater based on a polycrystalline nanoscale-thick graphite film (NGF, ∼100 nm thick) grown by chemical vapor deposition. The stability of these NGF heaters (operational in air over the range 30-300 °C) is demonstrated by a 12-day continuous heating test, at 215 °C. The NGF exhibits a fast switching response and attains a steady peak temperature of 300 °C at a driving bias of 7.8 V (power density of 1.1 W/cm2). This excellent heating performance is attributed to the structural characteristics of the NGF, which contains well-distributed wrinkles and micrometer-wide few-layer graphene domains (characterized using conductive imaging and finite element methods, respectively). The efficiency and flexibility of the NGF device are exemplified by externally heating a 2000 μm-thick Pyrex glass vial and bringing 5 mL of water to a temperature of 96 °C (at 2.4 W/cm2). Overall, the NGF could become an excellent active material for ultrathin, flexible, and sustainable heating panels that operate at low power.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Geetanjali Deokar
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdeldjalil Reguig
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manoj Tripathi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9RH, U.K
| | - Ulrich Buttner
- Core Labs, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alberto Fina
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Polytechnic University of Turin, Alessandria 15121, Italy
| | - Alan B Dalton
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9RH, U.K
| | - Pedro M F J Costa
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Li K, Battegazzore D, Pérez-Camargo RA, Liu G, Monticelli O, Müller AJ, Fina A. Polycaprolactone Adsorption and Nucleation onto Graphite Nanoplates for Highly Flexible, Thermally Conductive, and Thermomechanically Stiff Nanopapers. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:59206-59220. [PMID: 34851623 PMCID: PMC8678991 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c16201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Free-standing nanopapers based on graphene and its related materials have been widely studied and proposed for flexible heat spreader applications. Given that these materials are typically brittle, this work reports the exploitation of polycaprolactone (PCL) as a polymer binder to enhance resistance and flexibility of nanopapers based on graphite nanoplates (GNP), while maintaining a high thermal conductivity. Properties of nanopapers appear to correlate with the excellent PCL adhesion and strong nucleation of the surface of GNP flakes. Furthermore, different crystalline populations were observed for PCL within the nanopaper and were investigated in detail via differential scanning calorimetry advanced techniques and X-ray diffraction. These demonstrated the coexistence of conventional unoriented PCL crystals, oriented PCL crystals obtained as a consequence of the strong nucleation effect, and highly stable PCL fractions explained by the formation of crystalline pre-freezing layers, the latter having melting temperatures well above the equilibrium melting temperature for pristine PCL. This peculiar crystallization behavior of PCL, reported in this paper for the first time for a tridimensional structure, has a direct impact on material properties. Indeed, the presence of high thermal stability crystals, strongly bound to GNP flakes, coexisting with the highly flexible amorphous fraction, delivers an ideal solution for the strengthening and toughening of GNP nanopapers. Thermomechanical properties of PCL/GNP nanopapers, investigated both on a heating ramp and by creep tests at high temperatures, demonstrated superior stiffness well above the conventional melting temperature of PCL. At the same time, a thermal conductivity > 150 W/m·K was obtained for PCL/GNP nanopapers, representing a viable alternative to traditional metals in terms of heat dissipation, while affording flexibility and light weight, unmatched by conventional thermally conductive metals or ceramics. Besides the obtained performance, the formation of polymer crystals that are stable above the equilibrium melting temperature constitutes a novel approach in the self-assembly of highly ordered nanostructures based on graphene and related materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Li
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università
di Genova, Via Dodecaneso
31, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - Daniele Battegazzore
- Dipartimento
di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, Politecnico
di Torino-Alessandria Campus, viale Teresa Michel, 5, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Ricardo A. Pérez-Camargo
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190 Beijing, China
| | - Guoming Liu
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190 Beijing, China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - Orietta Monticelli
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università
di Genova, Via Dodecaneso
31, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - Alejandro J. Müller
- POLYMAT
and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry
and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University
of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Basque
Foundation
for Science, IKERBASQUE, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Alberto Fina
- Dipartimento
di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, Politecnico
di Torino-Alessandria Campus, viale Teresa Michel, 5, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Damonte G, Vallin A, Battegazzore D, Fina A, Monticelli O. Synthesis and characterization of a novel star polycaprolactone to be applied in the development of graphite nanoplates-based nanopapers. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2021.105019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
|
12
|
Di Pierro A, Mortazavi B, Fina A. Molecular Junctions Enhancing Thermal Transport within Graphene Polymer Nanocomposite: A Molecular Dynamics Study. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2021; 11:2480. [PMID: 34684922 PMCID: PMC8537211 DOI: 10.3390/nano11102480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Thermal conductivity of polymer-based (nano)composites is typically limited by thermal resistances occurring at the interfaces between the polymer matrix and the conductive particles as well as between particles themselves. In this work, the adoption of molecular junctions between thermally conductive graphene foils is addressed, aiming at the reduction of the thermal boundary resistance and eventually lead to an efficient percolation network within the polymer nanocomposite. This system was computationally investigated at the atomistic scale, using classical Molecular Dynamics, applied the first time to the investigation of heat transfer trough molecular junctions within a realistic environment for a polymer nanocomposite. A series of Molecular Dynamics simulations were conducted to investigate the thermal transport efficiency of molecular junctions in polymer tight contact, to quantify the contribution of molecular junctions when graphene and the molecular junctions are surrounded by polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) molecules. A strong dependence of the thermal conductance was found in PDMS/graphene model, with best performances obtained with short and conformationally rigid molecular junctions. Furthermore, the adoption of the molecular linkers was found to contribute additionally to the thermal transport provided by the surrounding polymer matrix, demonstrating the possibility of exploiting molecular junctions in composite materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Di Pierro
- Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, Politecnico di Torino, Alessandria Campus, Viale Teresa Michel 5, 15121 Alessandria, Italy;
| | - Bohayra Mortazavi
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Appelstraße 11, 30167 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Alberto Fina
- Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, Politecnico di Torino, Alessandria Campus, Viale Teresa Michel 5, 15121 Alessandria, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Maddalena L, Benselfelt T, Gomez J, Hamedi MM, Fina A, Wågberg L, Carosio F. Polyelectrolyte-Assisted Dispersions of Reduced Graphite Oxide Nanoplates in Water and Their Gas-Barrier Application. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:43301-43313. [PMID: 34474558 PMCID: PMC8447182 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c08889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Dispersion of graphene and related materials in water is needed to enable sustainable processing of these 2D materials. In this work, we demonstrate the capability of branched polyethylenimine (BPEI) and polyacrylic acid (PAA) to stabilize reduced graphite oxide (rGO) dispersions in water. Atomic force microscopy colloidal probe measurements were carried out to investigate the interaction mechanisms between rGO and the polyelectrolytes (PEs). Our results show that for positive PEs, the interaction appears electrostatic, originating from the weak negative charge of graphene in water. For negative PEs, however, van der Waals forces may result in the formation of a PE shell on rGO. The PE-stabilized rGO dispersions were then used for the preparation of coatings to enhance gas barrier properties of polyethylene terephthalate films using the layer-by-layer self-assembly. Ten bilayers of rGOBPEI/rGOPAA resulted in coatings with excellent barrier properties as demonstrated by oxygen transmission rates below detection limits [<0.005 cm3/(m2 day atm)]. The observed excellent performance is ascribed to both the high density of the deposited coating and its efficient stratification. These results can enable the design of highly efficient gas barrier solutions for demanding applications, including oxygen-sensitive pharmaceutical products or flexible electronic devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorenza Maddalena
- Dipartimento
di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, Politecnico di Torino, Alessandria Campus, Viale Teresa Michel 5, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Tobias Benselfelt
- Department
of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal
Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 58, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Julio Gomez
- AVANZARE
Innovacion Tecnologica S.L., 26370 Navarrete, La Rioja, Spain
| | - Mahiar Max Hamedi
- Department
of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal
Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 58, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alberto Fina
- Dipartimento
di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, Politecnico di Torino, Alessandria Campus, Viale Teresa Michel 5, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Lars Wågberg
- Department
of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal
Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 58, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Federico Carosio
- Dipartimento
di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, Politecnico di Torino, Alessandria Campus, Viale Teresa Michel 5, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Arnaldi P, Di Lisa D, Maddalena L, Carosio F, Fina A, Pastorino L, Monticelli O. A facile approach for the development of high mechanical strength 3D neuronal network scaffold based on chitosan and graphite nanoplatelets. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 271:118420. [PMID: 34364561 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In this work, novel composite microparticles based on chitosan (CHI) and graphite nanoplatelets (GNP) were developed as 3D scaffolds for neuronal cells. The aim is to improve the scaffold strength while maintaining its ability to sustain cell adhesion and differentiation. An air-assisted jetting technique followed by physical crosslinking is employed to obtain CHI/GNP microparticles. Optical and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy micrographs showed a uniform distribution of GNP within the CHI porous matrix. The presence of GNP turned out to improve the strength of the microparticles while conferring good electrical conductivity and ameliorating their stability in aqueous environment. The morphological and immunocytochemical characterization, combined with a preliminary electrophysiological analysis, evidenced the effectiveness of the developed composite microparticles as a scaffold for neuron growth. These scaffolds could be employed for the development of advanced 3D neuronal in vitro models for networks dynamics analysis and drug screening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Arnaldi
- Dipartimento di Informatica, Bioingegneria, Robotica e Ingegneria dei Sistemi, Università degli studi di Genova, Via All'Opera Pia 13, 16145 Genoa, Italy.
| | - Donatella Di Lisa
- Dipartimento di Informatica, Bioingegneria, Robotica e Ingegneria dei Sistemi, Università degli studi di Genova, Via All'Opera Pia 13, 16145 Genoa, Italy.
| | - Lorenza Maddalena
- Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, Politecnico di Torino-sede di Alessandria, viale Teresa Michel, 5, 15121 Alessandria, Italy.
| | - Federico Carosio
- Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, Politecnico di Torino-sede di Alessandria, viale Teresa Michel, 5, 15121 Alessandria, Italy.
| | - Alberto Fina
- Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, Politecnico di Torino-sede di Alessandria, viale Teresa Michel, 5, 15121 Alessandria, Italy.
| | - Laura Pastorino
- Dipartimento di Informatica, Bioingegneria, Robotica e Ingegneria dei Sistemi, Università degli studi di Genova, Via All'Opera Pia 13, 16145 Genoa, Italy.
| | - Orietta Monticelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università degli studi di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 31, 16146 Genoa, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ferraro G, Bernal MM, Carniato F, Novara C, Tortello M, Ronchetti S, Giorgis F, Fina A. Bispyrene Functionalization Drives Self-Assembly of Graphite Nanoplates into Highly Efficient Heat Spreader Foils. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:15509-15517. [PMID: 33764755 PMCID: PMC8033565 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c00319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Thermally conductive nanopapers fabricated from graphene and related materials are currently showing great potential in thermal management applications. However, thermal contacts between conductive plates represent the bottleneck for thermal conductivity of nanopapers prepared in the absence of a high temperature step for graphitization. In this work, the problem of ineffective thermal contacts is addressed by the use of bifunctional polyaromatic molecules designed to drive self-assembly of graphite nanoplates (GnP) and establish thermal bridges between them. To preserve the high conductivity associated to a defect-free sp2 structure, non-covalent functionalization with bispyrene compounds, synthesized on purpose with variable tethering chain length, was exploited. Pyrene terminal groups granted for a strong π-π interaction with graphene surface, as demonstrated by UV-Vis, fluorescence, and Raman spectroscopies. Bispyrene molecular junctions between GnP were found to control GnP organization and orientation within the nanopaper, delivering significant enhancement in both in-plane and cross-plane thermal diffusivities. Finally, nanopapers were validated as heat spreader devices for electronic components, evidencing comparable or better thermal dissipation performance than conventional Cu foil, while delivering over 90% weight reduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Ferraro
- Dipartimento
di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, Politecnico
di Torino, Alessandria
Campus, Viale Teresa Michel 5, Alessandria 15121, Italy
| | - M. Mar Bernal
- Dipartimento
di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, Politecnico
di Torino, Alessandria
Campus, Viale Teresa Michel 5, Alessandria 15121, Italy
| | - Fabio Carniato
- Dipartimento
di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università
degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale “Amedeo Avogadro”, Viale Teresa Michel, 11, Alessandria 15121, Italy
| | - Chiara Novara
- Dipartimento
di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, Politecnico
di Torino, C.so Duca degli Abruzzi 24, Torino 10129, Italy
| | - Mauro Tortello
- Dipartimento
di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, Politecnico
di Torino, C.so Duca degli Abruzzi 24, Torino 10129, Italy
| | - Silvia Ronchetti
- Dipartimento
di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, Politecnico
di Torino, C.so Duca degli Abruzzi 24, Torino 10129, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Giorgis
- Dipartimento
di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, Politecnico
di Torino, C.so Duca degli Abruzzi 24, Torino 10129, Italy
| | - Alberto Fina
- Dipartimento
di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, Politecnico
di Torino, Alessandria
Campus, Viale Teresa Michel 5, Alessandria 15121, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Colonna S, Battegazzore D, Eleuteri M, Arrigo R, Fina A. Properties of Graphene-Related Materials Controlling the Thermal Conductivity of Their Polymer Nanocomposites. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2020; 10:E2167. [PMID: 33143017 PMCID: PMC7692405 DOI: 10.3390/nano10112167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Different types of graphene-related materials (GRM) are industrially available and have been exploited for thermal conductivity enhancement in polymers. These include materials with very different features, in terms of thickness, lateral size and composition, especially concerning the oxygen to carbon ratio and the possible presence of surface functionalization. Due to the variability of GRM properties, the differences in polymer nanocomposites preparation methods and the microstructures obtained, a large scatter of thermal conductivity performance is found in literature. However, detailed correlations between GRM-based nanocomposites features, including nanoplatelets thickness and size, defectiveness, composition and dispersion, with their thermal conductivity remain mostly undefined. In the present paper, the thermal conductivity of GRM-based polymer nanocomposites, prepared by melt polymerization of cyclic polybutylene terephtalate oligomers and exploiting 13 different GRM grades, was investigated. The selected GRM, covering a wide range of specific surface area, size and defectiveness, secure a sound basis for the understanding of the effect of GRM properties on the thermal conductivity of their relevant polymer nanocomposites. Indeed, the obtained thermal conductivity appeares to depend on the interplay between the above GRM feature. In particular, the combination of low GRM defectiveness and high filler percolation density was found to maximize the thermal conductivity of nanocomposites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Alberto Fina
- Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, Politecnico di Torino, Alessandria Campus, Viale Teresa Michel 5, 15121 Alessandria, Italy; (S.C.); (D.B.); (M.E.); (R.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Mianehrow H, Lo Re G, Carosio F, Fina A, Larsson PT, Chen P, Berglund LA. Strong Reinforcement Effects in 2D Cellulose Nanofibril-Graphene Oxide (CNF-GO) Nanocomposites due to GO-Induced CNF Ordering. J Mater Chem A Mater 2020; 8:17608-17620. [PMID: 33796318 PMCID: PMC8009442 DOI: 10.1039/d0ta04406g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nanocomposites from native cellulose with low 2D nanoplatelet content are of interest as sustainable materials combining functional and structural performance. Cellulose nanofibril-graphene oxide (CNF-GO) nanocomposite films are prepared by a physical mixing-drying method, with focus on low GO content, the use of very large GO platelets (2-45μm) and nanostructural characterization using synchrotron x-ray source for WAXS and SAXS. These nanocomposites can be used as transparent coatings, strong films or membranes, as gas barriers or in laminated form. CNF nanofibrils with random in-plane orientation, form a continuous non-porous matrix with GO platelets oriented in-plane. GO reinforcement mechanisms in CNF are investigated, and relationships between nanostructure and suspension rheology, mechanical properties, optical transmittance and oxygen barrier properties are investigated as a function of GO content. A much higher modulus reinforcement efficency is observed than in previous polymer-GO studies. The absolute values for modulus and ultimate strength are as high as 17 GPa and 250 MPa at a GO content as small as 0.07 vol%. The remarkable reinforcement efficiency is due to improved organization of the CNF matrix; and this GO-induced mechanism is of general interest for nanostructural tailoring of CNF-2D nanoplatelet composites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanieh Mianehrow
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, Wallenberg Wood Science Center, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Giada Lo Re
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, Wallenberg Wood Science Center, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Industrial and Materials Science, Chalmers University of Technology, Rännvägen 2, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Federico Carosio
- Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, Politecnico di Torino, Alessandria Campus, Via Teresa Michel 5, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Alberto Fina
- Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, Politecnico di Torino, Alessandria Campus, Via Teresa Michel 5, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Per Tomas Larsson
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, Wallenberg Wood Science Center, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
- RISE Bioeconomy, Drottning Kristinas Väg 61, SE-11486 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pan Chen
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, Wallenberg Wood Science Center, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Cellulose and its Derivatives, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Lars A Berglund
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, Wallenberg Wood Science Center, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Tortello M, Pasternak I, Zeranska-Chudek K, Strupinski W, Gonnelli RS, Fina A. Chemical-Vapor-Deposited Graphene as a Thermally Conducting Coating. ACS Appl Nano Mater 2019; 2:2621-2633. [PMID: 31157324 PMCID: PMC6541428 DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.8b02243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
We performed scanning thermal microscopy measurements on single layers of chemical-vapor-deposited (CVD) graphene supported by different substrates, namely, SiO2, Al2O3, and PET using a double-scan technique to remove the contribution to the heat flux through the air and the cantilever. Then, by adopting a simple lumped-elements model, we developed a new method that allows determining, through a multistep numerical analysis, the equivalent thermal properties of thermally conductive coatings of nanometric thickness. In this specific case we found that our CVD graphene is "thermally equivalent", for heat injection perpendicular to the graphene planes, to a coating material of conductivity k eff = 2.5 ± 0.3 W/m K and thickness t eff = 3.5 ± 0.3 nm in perfect contact with the substrate. For the SiO2 substrate, we also measured stacks made of 2- and 4-CVD monolayers, and we found that the effective thermal conductivity increases with increasing number of layers and, with a technologically achievable number of layers, is expected to be comparable to that of 1 order of magnitude-thicker metallic thin films. This study provides a powerful method for characterizing the thermal properties of graphene in view of several thermal management applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Tortello
- Dipartimento
di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, Politecnico
di Torino, 10129 Torino, Italy
- E-mail:
| | - Iwona Pasternak
- Faculty
of Physics, Warsaw University of Technology, Koszykowa 75, 00-662 Warsaw Poland
| | | | - Wlodek Strupinski
- Faculty
of Physics, Warsaw University of Technology, Koszykowa 75, 00-662 Warsaw Poland
| | - Renato S. Gonnelli
- Dipartimento
di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, Politecnico
di Torino, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Alberto Fina
- Dipartimento
di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, Politecnico
di Torino, 10129 Torino, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Di Pierro A, Bernal MM, Martinez D, Mortazavi B, Saracco G, Fina A. Aromatic molecular junctions between graphene sheets: a molecular dynamics screening for enhanced thermal conductance. RSC Adv 2019; 9:15573-15581. [PMID: 35514816 PMCID: PMC9064313 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra00894b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The proper design and synthesis of molecular junctions for the purpose of establishing percolative networks of conductive nanoparticles represent an opportunity to develop more efficient thermally-conductive nanocomposites, with several potential applications in heat management. In this work, theoretical classical molecular dynamics simulations were conducted to design and evaluate thermal conductance of various molecules serving as thermal bridges between graphene nanosheets. A wide range of molecular junctions was studied, with a focus on the chemical structures that are viable to synthesize at laboratory scale. Thermal conductances were correlated with the length and mechanical stiffness of the chemical junctions. The simulated tensile deformation of the molecular junction revealed that the mechanical response is very sensitive to small differences in the chemical structure. The analysis of the vibrational density of states provided insights into the interfacial vibrational properties. A knowledge-driven design of the molecular junction structures is proposed, aiming at controlling interfacial thermal transport in nanomaterials. This approach may allow for the design of more efficient heat management in nanodevices, including flexible heat spreaders, bulk heat exchangers and heat storage devices. The tuning of covalently bound molecular junctions could increase heat transfer between graphene platelets inside nanocomposites materials.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Di Pierro
- Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, Politecnico di Torino Alessandria Campus, Viale Teresa Michel 5 15121 Alessandria Italy +39 0131 229 316
| | - Maria Mar Bernal
- Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, Politecnico di Torino Alessandria Campus, Viale Teresa Michel 5 15121 Alessandria Italy +39 0131 229 316
| | - Diego Martinez
- Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, Politecnico di Torino Alessandria Campus, Viale Teresa Michel 5 15121 Alessandria Italy +39 0131 229 316
| | - Bohayra Mortazavi
- Institute of Structural Mechanics, Bauhaus-Universität Weimar Marienstraße 15 D-99423 Weimar Germany
| | - Guido Saracco
- Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, Politecnico di Torino Alessandria Campus, Viale Teresa Michel 5 15121 Alessandria Italy +39 0131 229 316
| | - Alberto Fina
- Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, Politecnico di Torino Alessandria Campus, Viale Teresa Michel 5 15121 Alessandria Italy +39 0131 229 316
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Eleuteri M, Bernal M, Milanesio M, Monticelli O, Fina A. Stereocomplexation of Poly(Lactic Acid)s on Graphite Nanoplatelets: From Functionalized Nanoparticles to Self-assembled Nanostructures. Front Chem 2019; 7:176. [PMID: 30984744 PMCID: PMC6450084 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The control of nanostructuration of graphene and graphene related materials (GRM) into self-assembled structures is strictly related to the nanoflakes chemical functionalization, which may be obtained via covalent grafting of non-covalent interactions, mostly exploiting π-stacking. As the non-covalent functionalization does not affect the sp2 carbon structure, this is often exploited to preserve the thermal and electrical properties of the GRM and it is a well-known route to tailor the interaction between GRM and organic media. In this work, non-covalent functionalization of graphite nanoplatelets (GnP) was carried out with ad-hoc synthesized pyrene-terminated oligomers of polylactic acid (PLA), aiming at the modification of GnP nanopapers thermal properties. PLA was selected based on the possibility to self-assemble in crystalline domains via stereocomplexation of complementary poly(L-lactide) (PLLA) and poly(D-lactide) (PDLA) enantiomers. Pyrene-initiated PLLA and PDLA were indeed demonstrated to anchor to the GnP surface. Calorimetric and X-ray diffraction investigations highlighted the enantiomeric PLAs adsorbed on the surface of the nanoplatelets self-organize to produce highly crystalline stereocomplex domains. Most importantly, PLLA/PDLA stereocomplexation delivered a significantly higher efficiency in nanopapers heat transfer, in particular through the thickness of the nanopaper. This is explained by a thermal bridging effect of crystalline domains between overlapped GnP, promoting heat transfer across the nanoparticles contacts. This work demonstrates the possibility to enhance the physical properties of contacts within a percolating network of GRM via the self-assembly of macromolecules and opens a new way for the engineering of GRM-based nanostructures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Eleuteri
- Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, Sede di Alessandria, Politecnico di Torino, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Mar Bernal
- Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, Sede di Alessandria, Politecnico di Torino, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Marco Milanesio
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Orietta Monticelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Alberto Fina
- Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, Sede di Alessandria, Politecnico di Torino, Alessandria, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Fina A, Colonna S, Maddalena L, Tortello M, Monticelli O. Facile and Low Environmental Impact Approach to Prepare Thermally Conductive Nanocomposites Based on Polylactide and Graphite Nanoplatelets. ACS Sustain Chem Eng 2018; 6:14340-14347. [PMID: 30416891 PMCID: PMC6224122 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.8b03013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the preparation of nanocomposites based on poly(l-lactide) PLLA and graphite nanoplatelets (GNP) was assessed by applying, for the first time, the reactive extrusion (REX) polymerization approach, which is considered a low environmental impact method to prepare polymer systems and which allows an easy scalability. In particular, ad hoc synthesized molecules, constituted by a pyrene end group and a poly(d-lactide) (PDLA) chain (Pyr-d), capable of interacting with the surface of GNP layers as well as forming stereoblocks during the ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of l-lactide, were used. The nanocomposites were synthesized by adding to l-lactide the GNP/initiator system, prepared by dispersing the graphite in the acetone/Pyr-d solution, which was dried after the sonication process. DSC and X-ray diffraction measurements evidenced the stereocomplexation of the systems synthesized by using the pyrene-based initiators, whose extent turned out to depend on the PDLA chain length. All the prepared nanocomposites, including those synthesized starting from a classical initiator, that is, 1-dodecanol, retained similar electrical conductivity, whereas the thermal conductivity was found to increase in the stereocomplexed samples. Preferential localization of stereocomplexed PLA close to the interface with GNP was demonstrated by scanning probe microscopy (SPM) techniques, supporting an important role of local crystallinity in the thermal conductivity of the nanocomposites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Fina
- Dipartimento
di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, Politecnico
di Torino-sede di Alessandria, viale Teresa Michel 5, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Samuele Colonna
- Dipartimento
di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, Politecnico
di Torino-sede di Alessandria, viale Teresa Michel 5, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Lorenza Maddalena
- Dipartimento
di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, Politecnico
di Torino-sede di Alessandria, viale Teresa Michel 5, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Mauro Tortello
- Dipartimento
di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, Politecnico
di Torino-sede di Alessandria, viale Teresa Michel 5, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Orietta Monticelli
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università
di Genova, Via Dodecaneso
31, 16146 Genova, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Santagiuliana G, Picot OT, Crespo M, Porwal H, Zhang H, Li Y, Rubini L, Colonna S, Fina A, Barbieri E, Spoelstra AB, Mirabello G, Patterson JP, Botto L, Pugno NM, Peijs T, Bilotti E. Breaking the Nanoparticle Loading-Dispersion Dichotomy in Polymer Nanocomposites with the Art of Croissant-Making. ACS Nano 2018; 12:9040-9050. [PMID: 30179514 PMCID: PMC6167000 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b02877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The intrinsic properties of nanomaterials offer promise for technological revolutions in many fields, including transportation, soft robotics, and energy. Unfortunately, the exploitation of such properties in polymer nanocomposites is extremely challenging due to the lack of viable dispersion routes when the filler content is high. We usually face a dichotomy between the degree of nanofiller loading and the degree of dispersion (and, thus, performance) because dispersion quality decreases with loading. Here, we demonstrate a potentially scalable pressing-and-folding method (P & F), inspired by the art of croissant-making, to efficiently disperse ultrahigh loadings of nanofillers in polymer matrices. A desired nanofiller dispersion can be achieved simply by selecting a sufficient number of P & F cycles. Because of the fine microstructural control enabled by P & F, mechanical reinforcements close to the theoretical maximum and independent of nanofiller loading (up to 74 vol %) were obtained. We propose a universal model for the P & F dispersion process that is parametrized on an experimentally quantifiable " D factor". The model represents a general guideline for the optimization of nanocomposites with enhanced functionalities including sensing, heat management, and energy storage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Santagiuliana
- School
of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen
Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - Olivier T. Picot
- School
of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen
Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
- Nanoforce
Technology Limited, Mile
End Road, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Crespo
- School
of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen
Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - Harshit Porwal
- School
of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen
Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
- Nanoforce
Technology Limited, Mile
End Road, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - Han Zhang
- School
of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen
Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
- Nanoforce
Technology Limited, Mile
End Road, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - Yan Li
- School
of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen
Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
- Gemmological
Institute, China University of Geosciences, 388 Lumo Road, Wuhan, China 430074
| | - Luca Rubini
- Laboratory
of Bio-inspired & Graphene Nanomechanics, Department of Civil,
Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Via Mesiano 77, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Samuele Colonna
- Dipartimento
di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, Politecnico
di Torino, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Alberto Fina
- Dipartimento
di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, Politecnico
di Torino, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Ettore Barbieri
- School
of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen
Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
- Japan Agency
for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Department of Mathematical
Science and Advanced Technology, Yokohama
Institute for Earth Sciences, 3173-25, Showa-machi, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0001, Japan
| | - Anne B. Spoelstra
- Laboratory
of Materials and Interface Chemistry & Centre for Multiscale Electron
Microscopy Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Giulia Mirabello
- Laboratory
of Materials and Interface Chemistry & Centre for Multiscale Electron
Microscopy Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Joseph P. Patterson
- Laboratory
of Materials and Interface Chemistry & Centre for Multiscale Electron
Microscopy Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Lorenzo Botto
- School
of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen
Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola M. Pugno
- School
of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen
Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
- Laboratory
of Bio-inspired & Graphene Nanomechanics, Department of Civil,
Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Via Mesiano 77, 38123 Trento, Italy
- Ket-Lab,
Edoardo Amaldi Foundation, Italian Space Agency, Via del Politecnico, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Ton Peijs
- School
of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen
Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
- Nanoforce
Technology Limited, Mile
End Road, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - Emiliano Bilotti
- School
of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen
Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
- Nanoforce
Technology Limited, Mile
End Road, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Carosio F, Di Pierro A, Alongi J, Fina A, Saracco G. Controlling the melt dripping of polyester fabrics by tuning the ionic strength of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane and sodium montmorillonite coatings assembled through Layer by Layer. J Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 510:142-151. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2017.09.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Revised: 09/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
24
|
Colonna S, Pérez-Camargo RA, Chen H, Liu G, Wang D, Müller AJ, Saracco G, Fina A. Supernucleation and Orientation of Poly(butylene terephthalate) Crystals in Nanocomposites Containing Highly Reduced Graphene Oxide. Macromolecules 2017; 50:9380-9393. [PMID: 29296028 PMCID: PMC5747490 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b01865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The
ring-opening polymerization of cyclic butylene terephthalate into
poly(butylene terephthalate) (pCBT) in the presence of reduced graphene
oxide (RGO) is an effective method for the preparation of polymer
nanocomposites. The inclusion of RGO nanoflakes dramatically affects
the crystallization of pCBT, shifting crystallization peak temperature
to higher temperatures and, overall, increasing the crystallization
rate. This was due to a supernucleating effect caused by RGO, which
is maximized by highly reduced graphene oxide. Furthermore, combined
analyses by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) experiments and
wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXS) showed the formation of a thick
α-crystalline
form pCBT lamellae with a melting point of ∼250 °C, close
to the equilibrium melting temperature of pCBT. WAXS also demonstrated
the pair orientation of pCBT crystals with RGO nanoflakes, indicating
a strong interfacial interaction between the aromatic rings of pCBT
and RGO planes, especially with highly reduced graphene oxide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuele Colonna
- Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, Politecnico di Torino, Alessandria 15121, Italy
| | - Ricardo A Pérez-Camargo
- POLYMAT and Polymer Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Donostia-San Sebastián 20018, Spain
| | - Haiming Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesCAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Guoming Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesCAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Dujin Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesCAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Alejandro J Müller
- POLYMAT and Polymer Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Donostia-San Sebastián 20018, Spain.,IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Guido Saracco
- Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, Politecnico di Torino, Alessandria 15121, Italy
| | - Alberto Fina
- Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, Politecnico di Torino, Alessandria 15121, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Colonna S, Monticelli O, Gomez J, Saracco G, Fina A. Morphology and properties evolution upon ring-opening polymerization during extrusion of cyclic butylene terephthalate and graphene-related-materials into thermally conductive nanocomposites. Eur Polym J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2017.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
26
|
Berta M, Maria S, Phan TN, Gigmes D, Fina A, Camino G. Reworkable layered silicate-epoxy nanocomposites: synthesis, thermomechanical properties and combustion behaviour. Journal of Polymer Engineering 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/polyeng-2015-0483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Epoxy resin/montmorillonite nanocomposites were obtained via in situ intercalative polymerisation. The polymer matrix consists of anhydride-cured epoxy, and the choice of catalyst allows exchange reactions without depolymerisation. This makes the resin insoluble and reprocessable at the same time and potentially recyclable. In this study, reprocessing of the nanocomposites was done by mechanical grinding and re-welding by compression moulding at high temperature, similarly to thermoplastics. The effect of this process on the level of clay dispersion is discussed. Nanocomposite superstructures were imaged by means of transmission electron microscopy, and montmorillonite interlayer spacings were estimated by small angle X-ray scattering. The thermomechanical and combustion properties of the nanocomposites were investigated by means of dynamic mechanical thermal analysis, thermogravimetric analysis and cone calorimetry. The material tensile complex modulus E* was improved by nanocomposite formation, also after the glass transition occurred. Flammability of the material was moderately affected by the dispersed clay.
Collapse
|
27
|
Colonna S, Monticelli O, Gomez J, Novara C, Saracco G, Fina A. Effect of morphology and defectiveness of graphene-related materials on the electrical and thermal conductivity of their polymer nanocomposites. POLYMER 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
28
|
Gardella L, Colonna S, Fina A, Monticelli O. A Novel Electrostimulated Drug Delivery System Based on PLLA Composites Exploiting the Multiple Functions of Graphite Nanoplatelets. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2016; 8:24909-17. [PMID: 27581486 PMCID: PMC5084066 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b08808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A novel drug delivery system based on poly(l-lactide) (PLLA), graphite, and porphyrin was developed. In particular, 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-hydroxyphenyl)porphyrin (THPP) was chosen because, besides its potential as codispersing agent of graphite, it is a pharmacologically active molecule. Graphite nanoplatelets, homogeneously dispersed in both the neat PLLA and the PLLA/porphyrin films, which were prepared by solution casting, turned out to improve the crystallinity of the polymer. Moreover, IR measurements demonstrated that unlike PLLA/porphyrin film, where the porphyrin was prone to aggregate causing variable concentration throughout the sample, the system containing also GNP was characterized by a homogeneous dispersion of the above molecule. The effect of graphite nanoplatelets on the thermal stabilization, electrical conductivity, and improvement of mechanical properties of the polymer resulted to be increased by the addition of the porphyrin to the system, thus demonstrating the role of the molecule in ameliorating the filler dispersion in PLLA. The porphyrin release from the composite film, occurring both naturally and with the application of an electrical field, was measured using an UV-vis spectrophotometer. Indeed, voltage application turned out to improve significantly the kinetic of drug release. The biocompatibility of the polymer matrix as well as the mechanical and thermal properties of the composite together with its electrical response makes the developed material extremely promising in biological applications, particularly in the drug delivery field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorenza Gardella
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università
di Genova, Via Dodecaneso,
31, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - Samuele Colonna
- Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, Politecnico di Torino-sede di Alessandria, viale Teresa Michel, 5, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Alberto Fina
- Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, Politecnico di Torino-sede di Alessandria, viale Teresa Michel, 5, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Orietta Monticelli
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università
di Genova, Via Dodecaneso,
31, 16146 Genova, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
|
30
|
Fina A, Baqué-Juston M, Guesmi M, Albertini M, Giovannini-Chami L. Symptomatic accessory cardiac bronchus in an infant. Thorax 2016; 71:962-3. [PMID: 27217520 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2016-208407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Fina
- Paediatric Pulmonology and Allergology Department, Hôpitaux pédiatriques de Nice CHU-Lenval, Nice, France
| | - M Baqué-Juston
- Paediatric Radiology Department, Hôpitaux pédiatriques de Nice CHU-Lenval, Nice, France
| | - M Guesmi
- Paediatric Radiology Department, Hôpitaux pédiatriques de Nice CHU-Lenval, Nice, France
| | - M Albertini
- Paediatric Pulmonology and Allergology Department, Hôpitaux pédiatriques de Nice CHU-Lenval, Nice, France Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France
| | - L Giovannini-Chami
- Paediatric Pulmonology and Allergology Department, Hôpitaux pédiatriques de Nice CHU-Lenval, Nice, France Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Gardella L, Cavallo D, Colonna S, Fina A, Monticelli O. Novel poly(l
-lactide)/poly(d
-lactide)/poly(tetrahydrofuran) multiblock copolymers with a controlled architecture: Synthesis and characterization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.27389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lorenza Gardella
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale; Università di Genova; Via Dodecaneso 31 16146 Genova Italy
| | - Dario Cavallo
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale; Università di Genova; Via Dodecaneso 31 16146 Genova Italy
| | - Samuele Colonna
- Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia; Politecnico di Torino-sede di Alessandria; viale Teresa Michel 5 15121 Alessandria Italy
| | - Alberto Fina
- Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia; Politecnico di Torino-sede di Alessandria; viale Teresa Michel 5 15121 Alessandria Italy
| | - Orietta Monticelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale; Università di Genova; Via Dodecaneso 31 16146 Genova Italy
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Monticelli O, Calabrese M, Gardella L, Fina A, Gioffredi E. Silsesquioxanes: Novel compatibilizing agents for tuning the microstructure and properties of PLA/PCL immiscible blends. Eur Polym J 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2014.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
33
|
|
34
|
Monticelli O, Fina A, Cavallo D, Gioffredi E, Delprato G. On a novel method to synthesize POSS-based hybrids: An example of the preparation of TPU based system. EXPRESS POLYM LETT 2013. [DOI: 10.3144/expresspolymlett.2013.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
|
35
|
|
36
|
Thelakkadan AS, Coletti G, Guastavino F, Fina A. Effect of clay dispersion methods on the mechano-dynamical and electrical properties of epoxy–organoclay nanocomposites. Polym Bull (Berl) 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-012-0815-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
37
|
Fina A, Han Z, Saracco G, Gross U, Mainil M. Morphology and conduction properties of graphite-filled immiscible PVDF/PPgMA blends. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.3031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Fina
- Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia; Politecnico di Torino; V.le Teresa Michel, 5 15121 Alessandria Italy
| | - Zhidong Han
- Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia; Politecnico di Torino; V.le Teresa Michel, 5 15121 Alessandria Italy
| | - Guido Saracco
- Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia; Politecnico di Torino; V.le Teresa Michel, 5 15121 Alessandria Italy
| | - Ulrich Gross
- Institute of Thermal Engineering; Technische Universitaet Bergakademie Freiberg; Gustav-Zeuner-Straße 7 09596 Freiberg Germany
| | - Michael Mainil
- Nanocyl S.A. Rue de l'Essor; 4, 5060 Sambreville Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Fukushima K, Fina A, Geobaldo F, Venturello A, Camino G. Properties of poly(lactic acid) nanocomposites based on montmorillonite, sepiolite and zirconium phosphonate. EXPRESS POLYM LETT 2012. [DOI: 10.3144/expresspolymlett.2012.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
|
39
|
Thelakkadan A, Coletti G, Guastavino F, Fina A. Thermomechanical and electrical characterization of epoxy-organoclay nanocomposites. POLYM ENG SCI 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.22164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
40
|
Hoyos M, Fina A, Carniato F, Prato M, Monticelli O. Novel hybrid systems based on poly(propylene-g-maleic anhydride) and Ti-POSS by direct reactive blending. Polym Degrad Stab 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2011.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
41
|
|
42
|
|
43
|
Monticelli O, Fina A, Cozza ES, Prato M, Bruzzo V. POSS vapor phase grafting: a novel method to modify polymer films. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1jm13553h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
44
|
Bocchini S, Fukushima K, Blasio AD, Fina A, Frache A, Geobaldo F. Polylactic acid and polylactic acid-based nanocomposite photooxidation. Biomacromolecules 2010; 11:2919-26. [PMID: 20942482 DOI: 10.1021/bm1006773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The importance of photooxidation in promoting formation of anhydride functional groups and thus promoting hydrolysis/biodegradation of polylactic acid and PLA nanocomposites were elucidated. PLA-based nanocomposites were prepared by adding 5% wt filler content of sodium montmorillonite (ClNa), sodium montmorillonite partially exchanged with Fe(III) (ClFe), organically modified montmorillonite (Cl20A), unmodified sepiolite (SEP), and fumed silica (SiO2). The pure PLA and nanocomposites were UV-light irradiated in artificial accelerated conditions representative of solar irradiation (λ > 300 nm) at 60 °C in air. The chemical modifications resulting from photooxidation were followed by IR and UV-visible spectroscopies. The infrared analyses of PLA photooxidation show the formation of a band at 1845 cm(-1) due to the formation of anhydrides. A photooxidation mechanism based on hydroperoxide decomposition is proposed. The mechanism proposed is confirmed by an increase in anhydride formation rate: the main responsible for this acceleration was identified as transition metals contained in the nanofillers as impurities and involved in the catalytic hydroperoxide decomposition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Bocchini
- Dipartimento di Scienze dei Materiali ed Ingegneria Chimica, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
|
46
|
|
47
|
Monticelli O, Fina A, Ullah A, Waghmare P. Preparation, Characterization, and Properties of Novel PSMA−POSS Systems by Reactive Blending. Macromolecules 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/ma900969b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Orietta Monticelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Genova and INSTM NIPLAB Centre, via Dodecaneso, 31, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - Alberto Fina
- Politecnico di Torino - sede di Alessandria and INSTM NIPLAB Centre, viale Teresa Michel, 5, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Aman Ullah
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Genova and INSTM NIPLAB Centre, via Dodecaneso, 31, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - Panjab Waghmare
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Genova and INSTM NIPLAB Centre, via Dodecaneso, 31, 16146 Genova, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
|
49
|
Carniato F, Fina A, Tabuani D, Boccaleri E. Polypropylene containing Ti- and Al-polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes: crystallization process and thermal properties. Nanotechnology 2008; 19:475701. [PMID: 21836282 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/19/47/475701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This paper deals with the preparation and characterization of isotactic polypropylene (PP) containing different metal-polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (M-POSS). Two M-POSS, Ti(IV)- and Al(III)-isobutyl-POSS, defined by a monomeric structure, were selected for dispersion, and particular attention was paid to the assessment of the morphology, crystallization process and thermal behavior of M-POSS/PP composites, using SEM and TEM microscopy, x-ray diffraction (XRD), FTIR and Raman spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The study of M-POSS/PP thermal degradation showed that Ti-POSS and Al-POSS induce different effects on the thermoxidative behavior of the polypropylene matrix, showing a clear specificity of the metal center on the PP degradation pathway. In particular, Ti-POSS showed a significant stabilization of PP when heating under air, whereas limited effects were observed with Al-POSS. Moreover, Ti-POSS was also found to affect PP crystallization, driving the crystallization process along specific crystallographic directions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Carniato
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Avanzate and Nano-SISTEMI Interdisciplinary Centre, Università del Piemonte Orientale 'A. Avogadro', Via Bellini 25G, I-15100 Alessandria, Italy
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
|