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Li Y, Zhang XH, Wang ZK. Microbiota treatment of functional constipation: Current status and future prospects. World J Hepatol 2024; 16:776-783. [PMID: 38818289 PMCID: PMC11135260 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v16.i5.776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Functional constipation (FC) is a common disorder that is characterized by difficult stool passage, infrequent bowel movement, or both. FC is highly prevalent, recurs often, accompanies severe diseases, and affects quality of life; therefore, safe and effective therapy with long-term benefits is urgently needed. Microbiota treatment has potential value for FC treatment. Microbiota treatments include modulators such as probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, postbiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). Some probiotics and prebiotics have been adopted, and the efficacy of other microbiota modulators is being explored. FMT is considered an emerging field because of its curative effects; nevertheless, substantial work must be performed before clinical implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Xiao-Han Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
- Medical School, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Zi-Kai Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
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2
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Cui L, Zhang B, Zou S, Liu J, Wang P, Li H, Zhang Z. Fenchone Ameliorates Constipation-Predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome via Modulation of SCF/c-Kit Pathway and Gut Microbiota. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 34:367-378. [PMID: 38073315 PMCID: PMC10940742 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2308.08011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
In this study we sought to elucidate the therapeutic effects of fenchone on constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-C) and the underlying mechanisms. An IBS-C model was established in rats by administration of ice water by gavage for 14 days. Fenchone increased the reduced body weight, number of fecal pellets, fecal moisture, and intestinal transit rate, and decreased the enhanced visceral hypersensitivity in the rat model of IBS-C. In addition, fenchone increased the serum content of excitatory neurotransmitters and decreased the serum content of inhibitory neurotransmitters in the IBS-C rat model. Meanwhile, western blot and immunofluorescence experiments indicated that fenchone increased the expressions of SCF and c-Kit. Furthermore, compared with the IBS-C model group, fenchone increased the relative abundance of Lactobacillus, Blautia, Allobaculum, Subdoligranulum, and Ruminococcaceae_UCG-008, and reduced the relative abundance of Bacteroides, Enterococcus, Alistipes, and Escherichia-Shigella on the genus level. Overall, fenchone ameliorates IBS-C via modulation of the SCF/c-Kit pathway and gut microbiota, and could therefore serve as a novel drug candidate against IBS-C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Cui
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, P.R. China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Digestive Department, Nanjing Lishui District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 211200, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Shuting Zou
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, P.R. China
| | - Jing Liu
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, P.R. China
| | - Pingrong Wang
- Jinling Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210016, P.R. China
| | - Hui Li
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, P.R. China
| | - Zhenhai Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, P.R. China
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3
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Jin H, Park J, Li R, Ji GE, Johnston TV, Choe D, Park SH, Park MS, Ku S. A randomized, double-blind, controlled human study: The efficacy of exopolysaccharides in milk fermented by Weissella confusa VP30 (VP30-EPS) to ameliorate functional constipation. J Funct Foods 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2023.105491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
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4
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Ma T, Yang N, Xie Y, Li Y, Xiao Q, Li Q, Jin H, Zheng L, Sun Z, Zuo K, Kwok LY, Zhang H, Lu N, Liu W. Effect of the probiotic strain, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum P9, on chronic constipation: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Pharmacol Res 2023; 191:106755. [PMID: 37019193 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Chronic constipation (CC) is a common gastrointestinal condition associated with intestinal inflammation, and the condition considerably impairs patients' quality of life. We conducted a large-scale 42-day randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to investigate the effect of probiotics in alleviating CC. 163 patients diagnosed with CC (following Rome IV criteria) were randomly divided into probiotic (n = 78; received Lactiplantibacillus plantarum P9 [P9]; 1×1011 CFU/day) and placebo (n = 85; received placebo material) groups. Ingesting P9 significantly improved the weekly mean frequency of complete spontaneous bowel movements (CSBMs) and spontaneous bowel movements (SBMs), while significantly reducing the level of worries and concerns (WO; P < 0.05). Comparing with the placebo group, P9 group was significantly enriched in potentially beneficial bacteria (Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and Ruminococcus_B gnavus), while depriving of several bacterial and phage taxa (Oscillospiraceae sp., Lachnospiraceae sp., and Herelleviridae; P < 0.05). Interesting significant correlations were also observed between some clinical parameters and subjects' gut microbiome, including: negative correlation between Oscillospiraceae sp. and SBMs; positive correlation between WO and Oscillospiraceae sp., Lachnospiraceae sp. Additionally, P9 group had significantly (P < 0.05) more predicted gut microbial bioactive potential involved in the metabolism of amino acids (L-asparagine, L-pipecolinic), short-/medium-chain fatty acids (valeric acid and caprylic acid). Furthermore, several metabolites (p-cresol, methylamine, trimethylamine) related to the intestinal barrier and transit decreased significantly after P9 administration (P < 0.05). In short, the constipation relief effect of P9 intervention was accompanied by desirable changes in the fecal metagenome and metabolome. Our findings support the notion of applying probiotics in managing CC.
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Wei Y, Huang N, Ye X, Liu M, Wei M, Huang Y. The postbiotic of hawthorn-probiotic ameliorating constipation caused by loperamide in elderly mice by regulating intestinal microecology. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1103463. [PMID: 37006920 PMCID: PMC10061020 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1103463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundConstipation is common gastrointestinal disorder with high prevalence and recurrence, making people suffering. However, the treatment for constipation remains ineffectual. We aimed to the study the effects and mechanisms of postbiotic of hawthorn-probiotic on loperamide modeled old KM mice.MethodsConstipated mice were grouped and treated with 10% lactulose (Y), hawthorn group (S), probiotic group (F) and postbiotic of hawthorn-probiotic (FS). Fecal changes were observed. AQP3 and Enac-γ were measured by RT-qPCR and Western blotting, intestinal barrier by H&E and immunofluorescence staining, cell proliferation and apoptosis by CCK8 and flow cytometry. Gut microbiota was further determined by 16 s rRNA sequence of feces.ResultsPostbiotic of hawthorn-probiotic improved intestinal movement and pathomorphology, elevated AQP3, Enac-γ and mucin-2 expression, accompanied by decreased serum TNF-α and cell apoptosis, but increased proliferation. Furthermore, it modified the gut microbiota of constipated mice, featured by upregulation of Lactobacillaceae.ConclusionPostbiotic of hawthorn-probiotic relieved constipation by combined effects of regulating intestinal water and sodium metabolism, maintain intestinal barrier and gut microflora.Graphical Abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wei
- Basic Medical Science College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Na Huang
- The Eighth School of Clinical Medicine (Foshan Hospital of TCM), Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinyu Ye
- Basic Medical Science College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Meng Liu
- Basic Medical Science College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Meilian Wei
- Basic Medical Science College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yali Huang
- Basic Medical Science College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- *Correspondence: Yali Huang,
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UMEDA K, IKEDA A, UCHIDA R, SASAHARA I, MINE T, MURAKAMI H, KAMEYAMA K. Combination of poly-γ-glutamic acid and galactooligosaccharide improves intestinal microbiota, defecation status, and relaxed mood in humans: a randomized, double-blind, parallel-group comparison trial. BIOSCIENCE OF MICROBIOTA, FOOD AND HEALTH 2023; 42:34-48. [PMID: 36660591 PMCID: PMC9816053 DOI: 10.12938/bmfh.2021-084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The genus Bifidobacterium comprises beneficial intestinal bacteria that play a crucial role in the regulation of human health. Traditional prebiotics are known to increase intestinal bifidobacteria by supplying a carbon source necessary for their growth. However, intestinal bifidobacteria need not only a carbon source but also a nitrogen source for growth. Moreover, the growth of bifidobacteria is known to be inhibited in a culture medium that does not contain glutamic acid. Based on these reports, we hypothesized that the combined intake of traditional prebiotics and glutamic acid would be beneficial for growth of bifidobacteria in the gut. In this study, we investigated the effects of the combination of galactooligosaccharide (GOS; traditional prebiotic material) and poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA; source of glutamic acid) and only GOS on the intestinal microbiota and health conditions (including intestinal regulation, mood status, gastrointestinal condition, skin condition, and sleep quality) in a randomized, double-blind, parallel-group comparison trial in healthy subjects. The combined intake of GOS and γ-PGA significantly increased the prevalence of B. longum compared to the intake of GOS alone. A minimum effective dose of 2.0 g GOS and 0.3 g γ-PGA improved defecation and mood status. We revealed the combined effects of GOS and γ-PGA on intestinal microbiota as well as physical condition and concluded that the delivery of glutamic acid to the large intestine with traditional prebiotics is useful as an advanced prebiotic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro UMEDA
- Institute of Food Sciences and Technologies, Ajinomoto Co.,
Inc., 1-1 Suzuki-cho, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki-shi 210-8681, Japan
| | - Atsuko IKEDA
- Institute of Food Sciences and Technologies, Ajinomoto Co.,
Inc., 1-1 Suzuki-cho, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki-shi 210-8681, Japan
| | - Ryo UCHIDA
- Institute of Food Sciences and Technologies, Ajinomoto Co.,
Inc., 1-1 Suzuki-cho, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki-shi 210-8681, Japan
| | - Ikuko SASAHARA
- Institute of Food Sciences and Technologies, Ajinomoto Co.,
Inc., 1-1 Suzuki-cho, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki-shi 210-8681, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki MINE
- Research & Business Planning Department, Ajinomoto Co.,
Inc., 1-15-1 Kyobashi, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-8315, Japan
| | - Hitoshi MURAKAMI
- Institute of Food Sciences and Technologies, Ajinomoto Co.,
Inc., 1-1 Suzuki-cho, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki-shi 210-8681, Japan
| | - Keishi KAMEYAMA
- Institute of Food Sciences and Technologies, Ajinomoto Co.,
Inc., 1-1 Suzuki-cho, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki-shi 210-8681, Japan,aThese authors have contributed equally to this work.
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Araújo MM, Botelho PB. Probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics in chronic constipation: Outstanding aspects to be considered for the current evidence. Front Nutr 2022; 9:935830. [PMID: 36570175 PMCID: PMC9773270 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.935830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This integrative aimed to evaluate the effects and the potential mechanism of action of prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics on constipation-associated gastrointestinal symptoms and to identify issues that still need to be answered. A literature search was performed in the PubMed database. Animal models (n = 23) and clinical trials (n = 39) were included. In animal studies, prebiotic, probiotic, and synbiotic supplementation showed a decreased colonic transit time (CTT) and an increase in the number and water content of feces. In humans, inulin is shown to be the most promising prebiotic, while B. lactis and L. casei Shirota probiotics were shown to increase defecation frequency, the latter strain being more effective in improving stool consistency and constipation symptoms. Overall, synbiotics seem to reduce CTT, increase defecation frequency, and improve stool consistency with a controversial effect on the improvement of constipation symptoms. Moreover, some aspects of probiotic use in constipation-related outcomes remain unanswered, such as the best dose, duration, time of consumption (before, during, or after meals), and matrices, as well as their effect and mechanisms on the regulation of inflammation in patients with constipation, on polymorphisms associated with constipation, and on the management of constipation via 5-HT. Thus, more high-quality randomized control trials (RCTs) evaluating these lacking aspects are necessary to provide safe conclusions about their effectiveness in managing intestinal constipation.
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van der Schoot A, Helander C, Whelan K, Dimidi E. Probiotics and synbiotics in chronic constipation in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Clin Nutr 2022; 41:2759-2777. [PMID: 36372047 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2022.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Probiotics and synbiotics have been increasingly investigated for the management of chronic constipation. We aimed to investigate the effect of probiotics and synbiotics on stool output, gut transit time, symptoms and quality of life in adults with chronic constipation via a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). METHODS Studies were identified using electronic databases, backward citation and hand-searching abstracts. The search date was 10 July 2022. RCTs reporting administration of probiotics or synbiotics in adults with chronic constipation were included. Risk of bias (RoB) was assessed with the Cochrane RoB 2.0 tool. Meta-analysis was conducted separately for probiotics and synbiotics. Results were synthesized using risk ratios (RRs), mean differences or standardized mean differences (SMDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using a random-effects model. RESULTS Thirty RCTs investigating probiotics and four RCTs investigating synbiotics were included. Overall, 369/647 (57%) responded to probiotic treatment and 252/567 (44%) to control (RR 1.28, 95% CI 1.07, 1.52, p = 0.007). Probiotics increased stool frequency (SMD 0.71, 95% CI 0.37, 1.04, p < 0.00001), with Bifidobacterium lactis having a significant effect, but not mixtures of probiotics, Bacillus coagulans Unique IS2 or Lactobacillus casei Shirota. Probiotics did not impact stool consistency (SMD 0.26, 95% CI -0.03, 0.54, p = 0.08). Probiotics improved integrative symptom scores compared to control (SMD -0.46, 95% CI -0.89, -0.04). Synbiotics did not impact stool output or integrative symptom scores compared to control. CONCLUSIONS Certain probiotics may improve response to treatment, stool frequency and integrative constipation symptoms, providing cautious optimism for their use as a dietary management option. There is currently insufficient evidence to recommend synbiotics in the management of chronic constipation. Caution is needed when interpreting these results due to high heterogeneity and risk of bias amongst the studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice van der Schoot
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, United Kingdom.
| | - Carina Helander
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, United Kingdom.
| | - Kevin Whelan
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, United Kingdom.
| | - Eirini Dimidi
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, United Kingdom.
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Comparative study on alleviating effect of kiwi berry (Actinidia arguta) polysaccharide and polyphenol extracts on constipated mice. Food Res Int 2022; 162:112037. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.112037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Zhang Q, Zhao W, Zhao Y, Duan S, Liu WH, Zhang C, Sun S, Wang T, Wang X, Hung WL, Wang R. In vitro Study of Bifidobacterium lactis BL-99 With Fructooligosaccharide Synbiotics Effected on the Intestinal Microbiota. Front Nutr 2022; 9:890316. [PMID: 35571919 PMCID: PMC9096902 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.890316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics and prebiotics relieve constipation by altering the composition of the intestinal microbiota. However, their synergistic mechanism of action remains unclear. Herein, an in vitro fermentation model was constructed to examine the synergistic effects of Bifidobacterium lactis BL-99 and fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on the regulation of intestinal microbiota from a population with constipation. The utilization of FOS was promoted by BL-99, and the increase rate being 22.33%. Relative to the BL-99 and the FOS groups, the BL-99_FOS group showed a highly significant increase in acetic acid content (P < 0.01) and a marked decrease in CO2 and H2S contents (P < 0.01) in the fermentation broth. In addition, the BL-99_FOS combination significantly changed the structure of the intestinal microbiota, enhanced the relative abundances of beneficial bacteria that relieved constipation, including Bifidobacterium, Fecalibacterium, Lactobacillus, Subdoligranulum, and Blautia, and decreased those of the harmful bacteria, including Bilophila and Escherichia-Shigella. These findings suggested that BL-99 and FOS synergistically regulated the composition and structure of the intestinal microbiota from the population with constipation and increased acetic acid and decreased CO2 and H2S levels, thereby providing a theoretical basis for the application of synbiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Government, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Zhao
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Government, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuyang Zhao
- Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Sufang Duan
- Inner Mongolia Dairy Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Hohhot, China.,Yili Innovation Center, Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co., Ltd., Hohhot, China
| | - Wei-Hsien Liu
- Inner Mongolia Dairy Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Hohhot, China.,Yili Innovation Center, Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co., Ltd., Hohhot, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Government, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Siyuan Sun
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Government, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- Hangzhou Hailu Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Lian Hung
- Inner Mongolia Dairy Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Hohhot, China.,Yili Innovation Center, Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co., Ltd., Hohhot, China
| | - Ran Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Government, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Fidanza M, Panigrahi P, Kollmann TR. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum-Nomad and Ideal Probiotic. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:712236. [PMID: 34690957 PMCID: PMC8527090 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.712236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics are increasingly recognized as capable of positively modulating several aspects of human health. There are numerous attributes that make an ideal probiotic. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (Lp) exhibits an ecological and metabolic flexibility that allows it to thrive in a variety of environments. The present review will highlight the genetic and functional characteristics of Lp that make it an ideal probiotic and summarizes the current knowledge about its potential application as a prophylactic or therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pinaki Panigrahi
- Georgetown University Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, Washington, DC, United States
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12
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Zhang S, Wang R, Li D, Zhao L, Zhu L. Role of gut microbiota in functional constipation. Gastroenterol Rep (Oxf) 2021; 9:392-401. [PMID: 34733524 PMCID: PMC8560038 DOI: 10.1093/gastro/goab035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional constipation (FC) is common, yet the etiology is not clear. Accumulating evidence suggests an association between FC and abnormal gut microbiota. The relationship between the gut microbiota and the gut transit is likely bidirectional. This review summarizes the current evidence regarding the impact of gut microbiota on the pathogenesis of FC. By modulating the colonic motility, secretion, and absorption, gut microbiota may contribute to the development of FC through microbial metabolic activities involving bile acids, short-chain fatty acids, 5-hydroxytryptamine, and methane. In support of the key roles of the gut microbiota in FC, treatment with probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and traditional Chinese medicine often result in compositional and functional changes in the gut microbiota. Further studies on the pathogenesis of FC and the therapeutic mechanism of microecological agents will provide a knowledge base for better management of FC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengsheng Zhang
- Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Ruixin Wang
- Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Danyan Li
- Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Luqing Zhao
- Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Lixin Zhu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
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Yang Z, Ye S, Xu Z, Su H, Tian X, Han B, Shen B, Liao Q, Xie Z, Hong Y. Dietary synbiotic ameliorates constipation through the modulation of gut microbiota and its metabolic function. Food Res Int 2021; 147:110569. [PMID: 34399543 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate the mitigatory effect of a novel synbiotic (SBT) on constipation from the perspective of gut microbiome and metabolome. Here, intake of SBT effectively attenuated diphenoxylate-induced constipation, recuperated colonic epithelial integrity and increased serum levels of gastrointestinal excitatory neurotransmitters (P substance, vasoactive intestinal peptide, motilin, gastrin and serotonin). 16S rRNA sequencing showed that SBT intake rehabilitated the composition and functionality of gut microbiota. Relative abundances of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs)-producing bacteria including Lactobacillus, Faecalibaculum and Bifidobacterium were elevated by administration of SBT. The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis confirmed that fecal concentrations of propionate and butyrate were significantly increased in the rats intervened with SBT. In addition, SBT ingestion reduced the relative levels of opportunistic pathogens, such as Oscillibacter, Parasutterella and Parabacteroides. Microbial functional prediction showed that the relative abundances of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) biosynthesis and arachidonic acid metabolism were downregulated with SBT administration, which were in accordance with the serum metabolomics results. Furthermore, serum levels of LPS, tumour necrosis factor alpha and interleukin 6 were significantly decreased, indicating that SBT supplementation suppressed inflammatory responses. Therefore, this study demonstrated that consumption of SBT ameliorated constipation possibly by regulating gut microbiota, promoting the SCFAs production and inhibiting inflammatory responses in rats. Our study also indicated that SBT may provide a novel alternative strategy for the treatment of constipation clinically in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhandong Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Simin Ye
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Zengmei Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Huihui Su
- Institute of Bioengineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510316, PR China
| | - Xing Tian
- School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Xinjiang 832002, PR China
| | - Bo Han
- School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Xinjiang 832002, PR China
| | - Baochun Shen
- School of Pharmacy, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Qiongfeng Liao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Zhiyong Xie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yanjun Hong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
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Li N, Wang R, Ai X, Guo X, Liu J, Wang D, Sun L, Zhang R. Effect of electroacupuncture treatment on functional constipation in adults: A protocol for systematic review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e24870. [PMID: 33725843 PMCID: PMC7969303 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000024870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electroacupuncture has been widely used to treat functional constipation. But its efficiency has not been scientifically and methodically evaluated. The objective of this study is to evaluate the efficiency and safety of the electroacupuncture treatment for functional constipation in adults. METHODS This protocol of systematic review will be conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P). We will conduct the literature searching in the following electronic databases: the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, Springer, the Chinese Science Citation Database (CSCD), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), the Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), Wanfang, and the Chinese Scientific Journal Database (VIP). The time limit for retrieving studies is from establishment to July 2020 for each database. All published randomized controlled trials (RTCs) related to this review will be included. Review Manager (V.5.3.5) will be implemented for the assessment of bias risk and data analyses. The selection of the studies, data abstraction, and validations will be performed independently by 2 researchers. RESULTS This review will assess the clinical efficacy and safety, as well as the acupoints characteristics of electroacupuncture on functional constipation (FC) in adults. CONCLUSION This review will summarize the current evidence of electroacupuncture on FC outcomes and provide guidance for clinicians and patients to select electroacupuncture for FC in adults. TRAIL REGISTRATION NUMBER This protocol of systematic review has been registered on PROSPERO website (No. CRD42019146715).
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- School of Acupuncture-Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan
- School of Acupuncture-Tuina, Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ruihui Wang
- School of Acupuncture-Tuina, Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xia Ai
- School of Acupuncture-Tuina, Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xinrong Guo
- School of Acupuncture-Tuina, Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Juan Liu
- School of Acupuncture-Tuina, Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dong Wang
- School of Acupuncture-Tuina, Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lei Sun
- School of Acupuncture-Tuina, Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Rongchao Zhang
- School of Acupuncture-Tuina, Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
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Roles of Chinese Medicine and Gut Microbiota in Chronic Constipation. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:9372563. [PMID: 31239866 PMCID: PMC6556327 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9372563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Chronic constipation is a common gastrointestinal dysfunction, but its aetiology and pathogenesis are still unclear. Interestingly, the compositions of the gut microbiota in constipation patients and healthy controls are different. Various studies reported the different gut microbiota alterations in constipation patients, but most studies indicated that constipation patients showed the decreased beneficial bacteria and the reduced species richness of gut bacteria. Besides, the alterations in the gut microbiota may lead to constipation and constipation-related symptoms and the regulation of gut microbiota has a positive effect on gut functional diseases such as constipation. Microbial treatment methods, such as probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation, can be used to regulate gut microbiota. Increasing evidences have suggested that Chinese medicine (CM) has a good therapeutic effect on chronic constipation. Chinese medicine is well known for its multitarget and multimode effects on diseases as well as less side effects. In previous studies, after the treatment of constipation with CM, the gut microbiota was restored, indicating that the gut microbiota might be the target or important way for CM to exert its efficacy. In this review, we summarized the effects of microbial treatment and CM on the gut microbiota of constipation patients and discussed the relationship between CM and gut microbiota.
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Ohkusa T, Koido S, Nishikawa Y, Sato N. Gut Microbiota and Chronic Constipation: A Review and Update. Front Med (Lausanne) 2019; 6:19. [PMID: 30809523 PMCID: PMC6379309 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2019.00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Chronic constipation, including functional constipation and constipation-type irritable bowel syndrome, is a prevalent, multifactorial gastrointestinal disorder, and its etiology and pathophysiology remain poorly understood. Recently studies using 16S rRNA-based microbiota profiling have demonstrated dysbiosis of gut microbiota in chronic constipation. Aims: To provide an overview of recent studies for microbiota in chronic constipation and treatments for chronic constipation using probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, antibiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). Methods: PubMed searches were performed up to 1 August 2018 using keywords: “IBS,” “IBS-C,” “irritable bowel syndrome,” “irritable bowel syndrome with constipation,” “functional constipation,” “chronic constipation” in combination with “gut microbiota,” “dysbiosis,” “gut microflora” for microbiota in chronic constipation, and in combination with “probiotics,” “prebiotics,” “synbiotics,” “antibiotics,” and “fecal microbiota transplantation.” Results: The findings of gut microbiota in functional constipation are inconsistent, and currently no consensus exists. Although no clear consensus exists, compared with healthy subjects, IBS-C patients have a lower level of Actinobacteria, including Bifidobacteria, in their fecal samples and a higher level of Bacteroidetes in their mucosa. In most randomized controlled and parallel-group trials, probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, antibiotics, and FMT therapy for chronic constipation were effective with few side effects. However, there are many studies in a small number and the types of probiotics are different, it is difficult to evaluate the effect. Conclusions: Evidence indicates that dysbiosis of gut microbiota may contribute to functional constipation and constipation-type irritable bowel syndrome. Targeting treatments for the dysbiosis of constipation by probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, antibiotics, and FMT may be a new option, especially for refractory constipation to conventional therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshifumi Ohkusa
- Department of Microbiota Research, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Jikei University Kashiwa Hospital, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Shigeo Koido
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Jikei University Kashiwa Hospital, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Yuriko Nishikawa
- Department of Microbiota Research, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Sato
- Department of Microbiota Research, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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