1
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Genserová L, Duška F, Krajčová A. β-hydroxybutyrate exposure restores mitochondrial function in skeletal muscle satellite cells of critically ill patients. Clin Nutr 2024; 43:1250-1260. [PMID: 38653008 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2024.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIM Dysfunction of skeletal muscle satellite cells might impair muscle regeneration and prolong ICU-acquired weakness, a condition associated with disability and delayed death. This study aimed to elucidate the distinct metabolic effects of critical illness and β-OH-butyrate on satellite cells isolated from these patients. METHODS Satellite cells were extracted from vastus lateralis muscle biopsies of patients with ICU-acquired weakness (n = 10) and control group of healthy volunteers or patients undergoing elective hip replacement surgery (n = 10). The cells were exposed to standard culture media supplemented with β-OH-butyrate to assess its influence on cell proliferation by ELISA, mitochondrial functions by extracellular flux analysis, electron transport chain complexes by high resolution respirometry, and ROS production by confocal microscopy. RESULTS Critical illness led to a decline in maximal respiratory capacity, ATP production and glycolytic capacity and increased ROS production in ICU patients' cells. Notably, the function of complex II was impaired due to critical illness but restored to normal levels upon exposure to β-OH-butyrate. While β-OH-butyrate significantly reduced ROS production in both control and ICU groups, it had no significant impact on global mitochondrial functions. CONCLUSION Critical illness induces measurable bioenergetic dysfunction of skeletal muscle satellite cells. β-OH-butyrate displayed a potential in rectifying complex II dysfunction caused by critical illness and this warrants further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Genserová
- Department of Internal Medicine of the Third Faculty of Medicine, Královské Vinohrady University Hospital, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care of the Third Faculty of Medicine, Královské Vinohrady University Hospital, OXYLAB-Laboratory for Mitochondrial Physiology, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - František Duška
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care of the Third Faculty of Medicine, Královské Vinohrady University Hospital, OXYLAB-Laboratory for Mitochondrial Physiology, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Adéla Krajčová
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care of the Third Faculty of Medicine, Královské Vinohrady University Hospital, OXYLAB-Laboratory for Mitochondrial Physiology, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
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2
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García-Giménez JL, Cánovas-Cervera I, Pallardó FV. Oxidative stress and metabolism meet epigenetic modulation in physical exercise. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 213:123-137. [PMID: 38199289 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Physical exercise is established as an important factor of health and generally is recommended for its positive effects on several tissues, organs, and systems. These positive effects come from metabolic adaptations that also include oxidative eustress, in which physical activity increases ROS production and antioxidant mechanisms, although this depends on the intensity of the exercise. Muscle metabolism through mechanisms such as aerobic and anaerobic glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle, and oxidative lipid metabolism can produce metabolites and co-factors which directly impact the epigenetic machinery. In this review, we clearly reinforce the evidence that exercise regulates several epigenetic mechanisms and explain how these mechanisms can be regulated by metabolic products and co-factors produced during exercise. In fact, recent evidence has demonstrated the importance of epigenetics in the gene expression changes implicated in metabolic adaptation after exercise. Importantly, intermediates of the metabolism generated by continuous, acute, moderate, or strenuous exercise control the activity of epigenetic enzymes, therefore turning on or turning off the gene expression of specific programs which can lead to physiological adaptations after exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luis García-Giménez
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, Av/Blasco Ibañez, 15, Valencia, 46010, Spain; Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, Av/Menéndez Pelayo. 4acc, Valencia, 46010, Spain; CIBERER, The Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases, ISCIII, C. de Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Irene Cánovas-Cervera
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, Av/Blasco Ibañez, 15, Valencia, 46010, Spain; Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, Av/Menéndez Pelayo. 4acc, Valencia, 46010, Spain.
| | - Federico V Pallardó
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, Av/Blasco Ibañez, 15, Valencia, 46010, Spain; Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, Av/Menéndez Pelayo. 4acc, Valencia, 46010, Spain; CIBERER, The Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases, ISCIII, C. de Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
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3
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Hinton A, Katti P, Christensen TA, Mungai M, Shao J, Zhang L, Trushin S, Alghanem A, Jaspersen A, Geroux RE, Neikirk K, Biete M, Lopez EG, Shao B, Vue Z, Vang L, Beasley HK, Marshall AG, Stephens D, Damo S, Ponce J, Bleck CKE, Hicsasmaz I, Murray SA, Edmonds RAC, Dajles A, Koo YD, Bacevac S, Salisbury JL, Pereira RO, Glancy B, Trushina E, Abel ED. A Comprehensive Approach to Sample Preparation for Electron Microscopy and the Assessment of Mitochondrial Morphology in Tissue and Cultured Cells. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2023; 7:e2200202. [PMID: 37140138 PMCID: PMC10615857 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202200202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria respond to metabolic demands of the cell and to incremental damage, in part, through dynamic structural changes that include fission (fragmentation), fusion (merging of distinct mitochondria), autophagic degradation (mitophagy), and biogenic interactions with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). High resolution study of mitochondrial structural and functional relationships requires rapid preservation of specimens to reduce technical artifacts coupled with quantitative assessment of mitochondrial architecture. A practical approach for assessing mitochondrial fine structure using two dimensional and three dimensional high-resolution electron microscopy is presented, and a systematic approach to measure mitochondrial architecture, including volume, length, hyperbranching, cristae morphology, and the number and extent of interaction with the ER is described. These methods are used to assess mitochondrial architecture in cells and tissue with high energy demand, including skeletal muscle cells, mouse brain tissue, and Drosophila muscles. The accuracy of assessment is validated in cells and tissue with deletion of genes involved in mitochondrial dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antentor Hinton
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa - Carver College of Medicine, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, 169 Newton Rd, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- Microscopy and Cell Analysis Core Facility, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, 2201 West End Ave, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Prasanna Katti
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Trace A Christensen
- Microscopy and Cell Analysis Core Facility, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Margaret Mungai
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa - Carver College of Medicine, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, 169 Newton Rd, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Jianqiang Shao
- Central Microscopy Research Facility, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Sergey Trushin
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Ahmad Alghanem
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Dr, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
- Eastern Region, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 11481, Al Hasa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adam Jaspersen
- Microscopy and Cell Analysis Core Facility, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Rachel E Geroux
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Kit Neikirk
- College of Natural and Health Sciences, University of Hawaii at Hilo, 200 West Kawili St, Hilo, HI, 96720, USA
| | - Michelle Biete
- College of Natural and Health Sciences, University of Hawaii at Hilo, 200 West Kawili St, Hilo, HI, 96720, USA
| | - Edgar Garza Lopez
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa - Carver College of Medicine, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Bryanna Shao
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, 2201 West End Ave, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Zer Vue
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, 2201 West End Ave, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Larry Vang
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, 2201 West End Ave, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Heather K Beasley
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, 2201 West End Ave, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, School of Graduate Studies and Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, 37208, USA
| | - Andrea G Marshall
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, 2201 West End Ave, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Dominique Stephens
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, 2201 West End Ave, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
- Department of Life and Physical Sciences, Fisk University, Nashville, TN, 37208, USA
| | - Steven Damo
- Department of Life and Physical Sciences, Fisk University, Nashville, TN, 37208, USA
| | - Jessica Ponce
- School of Medicine, University of Utah, 30 N 1900 E, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA
| | - Christopher K E Bleck
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Innes Hicsasmaz
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa - Carver College of Medicine, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, 169 Newton Rd, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Sandra A Murray
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15206, USA
| | - Ranthony A C Edmonds
- Department of Mathematics, Ohio State University, 281 W Lane Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Andres Dajles
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa - Carver College of Medicine, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Young Do Koo
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa - Carver College of Medicine, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, 169 Newton Rd, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Serif Bacevac
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa - Carver College of Medicine, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, 169 Newton Rd, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Salisbury
- Microscopy and Cell Analysis Core Facility, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Renata O Pereira
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa - Carver College of Medicine, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, 169 Newton Rd, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Brian Glancy
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Eugenia Trushina
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - E Dale Abel
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa - Carver College of Medicine, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, 169 Newton Rd, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- Department of Medicine, UCLA, 757 Westwood Plaza, Suite 7236, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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Khouri H, Ussher JR, Aguer C. Exogenous Ketone Supplementation and Ketogenic Diets for Exercise: Considering the Effect on Skeletal Muscle Metabolism. Nutrients 2023; 15:4228. [PMID: 37836512 PMCID: PMC10574738 DOI: 10.3390/nu15194228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, ketogenic diets and ketone supplements have increased in popularity, particularly as a mechanism to improve exercise performance by modifying energetics. Since the skeletal muscle is a major metabolic and locomotory organ, it is important to take it into consideration when considering the effect of a dietary intervention, and the impact of physical activity on the body. The goal of this review is to summarize what is currently known and what still needs to be investigated concerning the relationship between ketone body metabolism and exercise, specifically in the skeletal muscle. Overall, it is clear that increased exposure to ketone bodies in combination with exercise can modify skeletal muscle metabolism, but whether this effect is beneficial or detrimental remains unclear and needs to be further interrogated before ketogenic diets or exogenous ketone supplementation can be recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Khouri
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
- Institut du Savoir Montfort, Hôpital Montfort, Ottawa, ON K1K 0T2, Canada
| | - John R Ussher
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H5, Canada
| | - Céline Aguer
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
- Institut du Savoir Montfort, Hôpital Montfort, Ottawa, ON K1K 0T2, Canada
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University-Campus Outaouais, Gatineau, QC J8V 3T4, Canada
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5
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Horii N, Miyamoto-Mikami E, Fujie S, Uchida M, Inoue K, Iemitsu K, Tabata I, Nakamura S, Tsubota J, Tsubota K, Iemitsu M. Effect of Exogenous Acute β-Hydroxybutyrate Administration on Different Modalities of Exercise Performance in Healthy Rats. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2023; 55:1184-1194. [PMID: 36893302 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE A ketone body (β-hydroxybutyrate [β-HB]) is used as an energy source in the peripheral tissues. However, the effects of acute β-HB supplementation on different modalities of exercise performance remain unclear. This study aimed to assess the effects of acute β-HB administration on the exercise performance of rats. METHODS In study 1, Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups: endurance exercise (EE + PL and EE + KE), resistance exercise (RE + PL and RE + KE), and high-intensity intermittent exercise (HIIE + PL and HIIE + KE) with placebo (PL) or β-HB salt (KE) administration. In study 2, metabolome analysis using capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry was performed to profile the effects of β-HB salt administration on HIIE-induced metabolic responses in the skeletal and heart muscles. RESULTS The maximal carrying capacity (rest for 3 min after each ladder climb, while carrying heavy weights until the rats could not climb) in the RE + KE group was higher than that in the RE + PL group. The maximum number of HIIE sessions (a 20-s swimming session with a 10-s rest between sessions, while bearing a weight equivalent to 16% of body weight) in the HIIE + KE group was higher than that in the HIIE + PL group. However, there was no significant difference in the time to exhaustion at 30 m·min -1 between the EE + PL and the EE + KE groups. Metabolome analysis showed that the overall tricarboxylic acid cycle and creatine phosphate levels in the skeletal muscle were higher in the HIIE + KE group than those in the HIIE + PL group. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that acute β-HB salt administration may accelerate HIIE and RE performance, and the changes in metabolic responses in the skeletal muscle after β-HB salt administration may be involved in the enhancement of HIIE performance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eri Miyamoto-Mikami
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Inzai, Chiba, JAPAN
| | - Shumpei Fujie
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, JAPAN
| | - Masataka Uchida
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, JAPAN
| | | | - Keiko Iemitsu
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, JAPAN
| | - Izumi Tabata
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, JAPAN
| | - Shigeru Nakamura
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, JAPAN
| | - Jun Tsubota
- Energy Technology Laboratories, OSAKA GAS Co., Ltd., Konohana-ku, Osaka, JAPAN
| | | | - Motoyuki Iemitsu
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, JAPAN
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6
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Voorrips SN, Saucedo-Orozco H, Sánchez-Aguilera PI, De Boer RA, Van der Meer P, Westenbrink BD. Could SGLT2 Inhibitors Improve Exercise Intolerance in Chronic Heart Failure? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158631. [PMID: 35955784 PMCID: PMC9369142 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the constant improvement of therapeutical options, heart failure (HF) remains associated with high mortality and morbidity. While new developments in guideline-recommended therapies can prolong survival and postpone HF hospitalizations, impaired exercise capacity remains one of the most debilitating symptoms of HF. Exercise intolerance in HF is multifactorial in origin, as the underlying cardiovascular pathology and reactive changes in skeletal muscle composition and metabolism both contribute. Recently, sodium-related glucose transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors were found to improve cardiovascular outcomes significantly. Whilst much effort has been devoted to untangling the mechanisms responsible for these cardiovascular benefits of SGLT2 inhibitors, little is known about the effect of SGLT2 inhibitors on exercise performance in HF. This review provides an overview of the pathophysiological mechanisms that are responsible for exercise intolerance in HF, elaborates on the potential SGLT2-inhibitor-mediated effects on these phenomena, and provides an up-to-date overview of existing studies on the effect of SGLT2 inhibitors on clinical outcome parameters that are relevant to the assessment of exercise capacity. Finally, current gaps in the evidence and potential future perspectives on the effects of SGLT2 inhibitors on exercise intolerance in chronic HF are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne N. Voorrips
- Correspondence: (S.N.V.); (B.D.W.); Tel.: +31-50-361-2355 (S.N.V. & B.D.W.); Fax: +31-50-361-4391 (S.N.V. & B.D.W.)
| | | | | | | | | | - B. Daan Westenbrink
- Correspondence: (S.N.V.); (B.D.W.); Tel.: +31-50-361-2355 (S.N.V. & B.D.W.); Fax: +31-50-361-4391 (S.N.V. & B.D.W.)
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7
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Wei S, Binbin L, Yuan W, Zhong Z, Donghai L, Caihua H. β-Hydroxybutyrate in Cardiovascular Diseases : A Minor Metabolite of Great Expectations. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:823602. [PMID: 35769904 PMCID: PMC9234267 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.823602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite recent advances in therapies, cardiovascular diseases ( CVDs ) are still the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Previous studies have shown that metabolic perturbations in cardiac energy metabolism are closely associated with the progression of CVDs. As expected, metabolic interventions can be applied to alleviate metabolic impairments and, therefore, can be used to develop therapeutic strategies for CVDs. β-hydroxybutyrate (β-HB) was once known to be a harmful and toxic metabolite leading to ketoacidosis in diabetes. However, the minor metabolite is increasingly recognized as a multifunctional molecular marker in CVDs. Although the protective role of β-HB in cardiovascular disease is controversial, increasing evidence from experimental and clinical research has shown that β-HB can be a “super fuel” and a signaling metabolite with beneficial effects on vascular and cardiac dysfunction. The tremendous potential of β-HB in the treatment of CVDs has attracted many interests of researchers. This study reviews the research progress of β-HB in CVDs and aims to provide a theoretical basis for exploiting the potential of β-HB in cardiovascular therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao Wei
- Research and Communication Center of Exercise and Health, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen, China
- Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Liu Binbin
- Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Wu Yuan
- Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhang Zhong
- Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Lin Donghai
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- *Correspondence: Huang Caihua, ; Lin Donghai,
| | - Huang Caihua
- Research and Communication Center of Exercise and Health, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen, China
- *Correspondence: Huang Caihua, ; Lin Donghai,
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8
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Biomarkers of Redox Balance Adjusted to Exercise Intensity as a Useful Tool to Identify Patients at Risk of Muscle Disease through Exercise Test. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14091886. [PMID: 35565853 PMCID: PMC9105000 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The screening of skeletal muscle diseases constitutes an unresolved challenge. Currently, exercise tests or plasmatic tests alone have shown limited performance in the screening of subjects with an increased risk of muscle oxidative metabolism impairment. Intensity-adjusted energy substrate levels of lactate (La), pyruvate (Pyr), β-hydroxybutyrate (BOH) and acetoacetate (AA) during a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) could constitute alternative valid biomarkers to select “at-risk” patients, requiring the gold-standard diagnosis procedure through muscle biopsy. Thus, we aimed to test: (1) the validity of the V’O2-adjusted La, Pyr, BOH and AA during a CPET for the assessment of the muscle oxidative metabolism (exercise and mitochondrial respiration parameters); and (2) the discriminative value of the V’O2-adjusted energy and redox markers, as well as five other V’O2-adjusted TCA cycle-related metabolites, between healthy subjects, subjects with muscle complaints and muscle disease patients. Two hundred and thirty subjects with muscle complaints without diagnosis, nine patients with a diagnosed muscle disease and ten healthy subjects performed a CPET with blood assessments at rest, at the estimated 1st ventilatory threshold and at the maximal intensity. Twelve subjects with muscle complaints presenting a severe alteration of their profile underwent a muscle biopsy. The V’O2-adjusted plasma levels of La, Pyr, BOH and AA, and their respective ratios showed significant correlations with functional and muscle fiber mitochondrial respiration parameters. Differences in exercise V’O2-adjusted La/Pyr, BOH, AA and BOH/AA were observed between healthy subjects, subjects with muscle complaints without diagnosis and muscle disease patients. The energy substrate and redox blood profile of complaining subjects with severe exercise intolerance matched the blood profile of muscle disease patients. Adding five tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates did not improve the discriminative value of the intensity-adjusted energy and redox markers. The V’O2-adjusted La, Pyr, BOH, AA and their respective ratios constitute valid muscle biomarkers that reveal similar blunted adaptations in muscle disease patients and in subjects with muscle complaints and severe exercise intolerance. A targeted metabolomic approach to improve the screening of “at-risk” patients is discussed.
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9
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Guan X, Yan Q, Wang D, Du G, Zhou J. IGF-1 Signaling Regulates Mitochondrial Remodeling during Myogenic Differentiation. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14061249. [PMID: 35334906 PMCID: PMC8954578 DOI: 10.3390/nu14061249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is essential for locomotion, metabolism, and protein homeostasis in the body. Mitochondria have been considered as a key target to regulate metabolic switch during myo-genesis. The insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) signaling through the AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway has a well-documented role in promoting muscle growth and regeneration, but whether it is involved in mitochondrial behavior and function remains un-examined. In this study, we investigated the effect of IGF-1 signaling on mitochondrial remodeling during myogenic differentiation. The results demonstrated that IGF-1 signaling stimulated mitochondrial biogenesis by increasing mitochondrial DNA copy number and expression of genes such as Cox7a1, Tfb1m, and Ppargc1a. Moreover, the level of mitophagy in differentiating myoblasts elevated significantly with IGF-1 treatment, which contributed to mitochondrial turnover. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) and BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa protein-interacting protein 3 (BNIP3) were identified as two key mediators of IGF-1-induced mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy, respectively. In addition, IGF-1 supplementation could alleviate impaired myoblast differentiation caused by mitophagy deficiency, as evidenced by increased fusion index and myosin heavy chain expression. These findings provide new insights into the role of IGF-1 signaling and suggest that IGF-1 signaling can serve as a target for the research and development of drugs and nutrients that support muscle growth and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Guan
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (X.G.); (Q.Y.); (D.W.); (G.D.)
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Qiyang Yan
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (X.G.); (Q.Y.); (D.W.); (G.D.)
| | - Dandan Wang
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (X.G.); (Q.Y.); (D.W.); (G.D.)
| | - Guocheng Du
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (X.G.); (Q.Y.); (D.W.); (G.D.)
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jingwen Zhou
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (X.G.); (Q.Y.); (D.W.); (G.D.)
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education on Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Food Synthetic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-510-8591-4371
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Takada S, Sabe H, Kinugawa S. Treatments for skeletal muscle abnormalities in heart failure: sodium-glucose transporter 2 and ketone bodies. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2021; 322:H117-H128. [PMID: 34860594 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00100.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Various skeletal muscle abnormalities are known to occur in heart failure (HF), and are closely associated with exercise intolerance. Particularly, abnormal energy metabolism caused by mitochondrial dysfunction in skeletal muscle is a cause of decreased endurance exercise capacity. However, to date, no specific drug treatment has been established for the skeletal muscle abnormalities and exercise intolerance occurring in HF patients. Sodium-glucose transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors promote glucose excretion by suppressing glucose reabsorption in the renal tubules, which has a hypoglycemic effect independent of insulin secretion. Recently, large clinical trials have demonstrated that treatment with SGLT2 inhibitors suppresses cardiovascular events in patients who have HF with systolic dysfunction. Mechanisms of the therapeutic effects of SGLT2 inhibitors for HF have been suggested to be diuretic, suppression of neurohumoral factor activation, renal protection, and improvement of myocardial metabolism, but has not been clarified to date. SGLT2 inhibitors are known to increase blood ketone bodies. This suggests that they may improve the abnormal skeletal muscle metabolism in HF, i.e., improve fatty acid metabolism, suppress glycolysis, and utilize ketone bodies in mitochondrial energy production. Ultimately, they may improve aerobic metabolism in skeletal muscle, and suppress anaerobic metabolism and improve aerobic exercise capacity at the level of the anaerobic threshold. The potential actions of such SGLT2 inhibitors explain their effectiveness in HF, and may be candidates for new drug treatments aimed at improving exercise intolerance. In this review, we outlined the effects of SGLT2 inhibitors on skeletal muscle metabolism, with a particular focus on ketone metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Takada
- Department of Sports Education, Faculty of Lifelong Sport, Hokusho University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hisataka Sabe
- Department of Molecular Biology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shintaro Kinugawa
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, Japan
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Ketogenic Diet Enhances the Cholesterol Accumulation in Liver and Augments the Severity of CCl 4 and TAA-Induced Liver Fibrosis in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22062934. [PMID: 33805788 PMCID: PMC7998170 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent chronic liver diseases increase the scar formation and extracellular matrix accumulation that further progress to liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. Nevertheless, there is no antifibrotic therapy to date. The ketogenic diet is composed of high fat, moderate to low-protein, and very low carbohydrate content. It is mainly used in epilepsy and Alzheimer’s disease. However, the effects of the ketogenic diet on liver fibrosis remains unknown. Through ketogenic diet consumption, β-hydroxybutyrate (bHB) and acetoacetate (AcAc) are two ketone bodies that are mainly produced in the liver. It is reported that bHB and AcAc treatment decreases cancer cell proliferation and promotes apoptosis. However, the influence of bHB and AcAc in hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation and liver fibrosis are still unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of the ketogenic diet and ketone bodies in affecting liver fibrosis progression. Our study revealed that feeding a high-fat ketogenic diet increased cholesterol accumulation in the liver, which further enhanced the carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)- and thioacetamide (TAA)-induced liver fibrosis. In addition, more severe liver inflammation and the loss of hepatic antioxidant and detoxification ability were also found in ketogenic diet-fed fibrotic mouse groups. However, the treatment with ketone bodies (bHB and AcAc) did not suppress transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)-induced HSC activation, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB-triggered proliferation, and the severity of CCl4-induced liver fibrosis in mice. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that feeding a high-fat ketogenic diet may trigger severe steatohepatitis and thereby promote liver fibrosis progression. Since a different ketogenic diet composition may exert different metabolic effects, more evidence is necessary to clarify the effects of a ketogenic diet on disease treatment.
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Yang YR, Kwon KS. Potential Roles of Exercise-Induced Plasma Metabolites Linking Exercise to Health Benefits. Front Physiol 2020; 11:602748. [PMID: 33343398 PMCID: PMC7744613 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.602748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Regular exercise has a myriad of health benefits. An increase in circulating exercise factors following exercise is a critical physiological response. Numerous studies have shown that exercise factors released from tissues during physical activity may contribute to health benefits via autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine mechanisms. Myokines, classified as proteins secreted from skeletal muscle, are representative exercise factors. The roles of myokines have been demonstrated in a variety of exercise-related functions linked to health benefits. In addition to myokines, metabolites are also exercise factors. Exercise changes the levels of various metabolites via metabolic reactions. Several studies have identified exercise-induced metabolites that positively influence organ functions. Here, we provide an overview of selected metabolites secreted into the circulation upon exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Ryoul Yang
- Aging Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Ki-Sun Kwon
- Aging Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea.,Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, South Korea
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