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Hulander E, Bärebring L, Winkvist A, Gjertsson I, Lindqvist HM. A randomized controlled cross-over trial investigating the acute inflammatory and metabolic response after meals based on red meat, fatty fish, or soy protein: the postprandial inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis (PIRA) trial. Eur J Nutr 2024:10.1007/s00394-024-03451-6. [PMID: 38935139 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-024-03451-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) has a point prevalence of around 20 million people worldwide. Patients with RA often believe that food intake affects disease activity, and that intake of red meat aggravate symptoms. The main objective of the Postprandial Inflammation in Rheumatoid Arthritis (PIRA) trial was to assess whether postprandial inflammation and serum lipid profile are affected differently by a meal including red meat, fatty fish, or a soy protein (vegan) meal. METHODS Using a randomized controlled crossover design, 25 patients were assigned to eat isocaloric hamburger meals consisting of red meat (60% beef, 40% pork), fatty fish (salmon), or soy protein for breakfast. Blood samples were taken before meals and at intervals up to 5 h postprandial. The analysis included the inflammation marker interleukin 6 (IL-6) and serum lipids. RESULTS No significant differences in postprandial IL-6 or triglyceride concentrations were found between meals. However, the area under the curve of very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) particle counts, as well as VLDL-4-bound cholesterol, triglycerides, and phospholipids, was higher after the fatty fish compared to both red meat and soy protein. CONCLUSION Postprandial inflammation assessed by IL-6 did not indicate any acute negative effects of red meat intake compared to fatty fish- or soy protein in patients with RA. The fatty fish meal resulted in a higher number of VLDL-particles and more lipids in the form of small VLDL particles compared to the other protein sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Hulander
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, EH, LB, AW, HL, Sweden.
| | - Linnea Bärebring
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, EH, LB, AW, HL, Sweden
| | - Anna Winkvist
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, EH, LB, AW, HL, Sweden
| | - Inger Gjertsson
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, IG, Sweden
| | - Helen M Lindqvist
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, EH, LB, AW, HL, Sweden
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Mugetti D, Pastorino P, Beltramo C, Audino T, Arillo A, Esposito G, Prearo M, Bertoli M, Pizzul E, Bozzetta E, Acutis PL, Peletto S. The Gut Microbiota of Farmed and Wild Brook Trout ( Salvelinus fontinalis): Evaluation of Feed-Related Differences Using 16S rRNA Gene Metabarcoding. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1636. [PMID: 37512808 PMCID: PMC10386504 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11071636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota has become a topic of increasing importance in various fields, including aquaculture. Several fish species have been the subject of investigations concerning the intestinal microbiota, which have compared different variables, including the intestinal portions, the environment, and diet. In this study, the microbiota of farmed and wild brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) were analyzed, in which the wall and content of the medial portion of the intestine were considered separately. A total of 66 fish (age class 2+) were sampled, of which 46 were wild and 20 were farmed brook trout, in two different years. Microbiota data were obtained using a 16S metabarcoding approach by analyzing the V3-V4 hypervariable regions of the corresponding 16S rRNA. The data showed that the core microbiota of these species consist of Proteobacteria (Alpha- and Gammaproteobacteria), Actinobacteria, Firmicutes (Bacilli and Clostridia), and, only for farmed animals, Fusobacteria. The latter taxon's presence is likely related to the fishmeal-based diet administered to farmed brook trout. Indeed, alpha and beta diversity analysis showed differences between wild and farmed fish. Finally, statistically significant differences in the microbiota composition were observed between the intestinal walls and contents of wild fish, while no differences were detected in reared animals. Our work represents the first study on the intestinal microbiota of brook trout with respect to both farmed and wild specimens. Future studies might focus on the comparison of our data with those pertaining to other fish species and on the study of other portions of the brook trout intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Mugetti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy
| | - Paolo Pastorino
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy
- Centro di Referenza Regionale per la Biodiversità degli Ambienti Acquatici (BioAqua), Via L. Maritano 22, 10051 Avigliana, Italy
| | - Chiara Beltramo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy
| | - Tania Audino
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy
| | - Alessandra Arillo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Esposito
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy
- Centro di Referenza Regionale per la Biodiversità degli Ambienti Acquatici (BioAqua), Via L. Maritano 22, 10051 Avigliana, Italy
| | - Marino Prearo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy
- Centro di Referenza Regionale per la Biodiversità degli Ambienti Acquatici (BioAqua), Via L. Maritano 22, 10051 Avigliana, Italy
| | - Marco Bertoli
- Dipartimento Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Via Giorgieri 10, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Pizzul
- Dipartimento Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Via Giorgieri 10, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Elena Bozzetta
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy
| | - Pier Luigi Acutis
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy
| | - Simone Peletto
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy
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Canet F, Christensen JJ, Victor VM, Hustad KS, Ottestad I, Rundblad A, Sæther T, Dalen KT, Ulven SM, Holven KB, Telle-Hansen VH. Glycated Proteins, Glycine, Acetate, and Monounsaturated Fatty Acids May Act as New Biomarkers to Predict the Progression of Type 2 Diabetes: Secondary Analyses of a Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14235165. [PMID: 36501195 PMCID: PMC9738624 DOI: 10.3390/nu14235165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Food protein or food-derived peptides may regulate blood glucose levels; however, studies have shown inconsistent results. The aim of the present study was to characterize subgroups of individuals with increased risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and to investigate the cardiometabolic effects of fish protein in the same subgroups. We first divided participants into high insuliniAUC and low insuliniAUC subjects based on their insulin incremental area under the curve (iAUC) levels after a 2 h oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), and secondly based on whether they had received 5.2 g salmon fish protein or placebo for 8 weeks, in a previously conducted randomized controlled trial (RCT). We then profiled these groups by analyzing plasma metabolomics and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) gene expression. Compared to the low insuliniAUC group, the high insuliniAUC group had higher plasma concentrations of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and glycated proteins (GlycA) and lower concentrations of glycine and acetate. After intervention with fish protein compared to placebo, however, only acetate was significantly increased in the low insuliniAUC group. In conclusion, we identified metabolic biomarkers known to be associated with T2D; also, intervention with fish protein did not affect cardiometabolic risk markers in subgroups with increased risk of T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Canet
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), 40617 Valencia, Spain
| | - Jacob J. Christensen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Victor M. Victor
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), 40617 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Av Blasco Ibáñez 13, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Kristin S. Hustad
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Inger Ottestad
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Amanda Rundblad
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Thomas Sæther
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Knut Tomas Dalen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Stine M. Ulven
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Kirsten B. Holven
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Vibeke H. Telle-Hansen
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, 0130 Oslo, Norway
- Correspondence:
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Konstantinidou V, Garcia-Santamarina S. Moving forward the Effects of Gene–Diet Interactions on Human Health. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14183782. [PMID: 36145158 PMCID: PMC9503517 DOI: 10.3390/nu14183782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Valentini Konstantinidou
- MEDOLIALI S.L. (DNANUTRICOACH®), Calle Almogavers 165, 08018 Barcelona, Spain
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya (Open University of Catalonia, UOC), 08018 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Sarela Garcia-Santamarina
- Instituto de Tecnologia Quimica e Biologica (ITQB NOVA), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
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