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Abu‐Niaaj LF, Al‐Daghistani HI, Katampe I, Abu‐Irmaileh B, Bustanji YK. Pomegranate peel: Bioactivities as antimicrobial and cytotoxic agents. Food Sci Nutr 2024; 12:2818-2832. [PMID: 38628214 PMCID: PMC11016432 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
This is a comparative study to evaluate the effectiveness of six pomegranate peel extracts (PPEs) as antibacterial and antiproliferative agents. The Six PPEs were prepared using four solvent systems and each filtrate was concentrated to a gummy material to be used in the evaluation. The well-diffusion method was used to evaluate their antimicrobial activity against bacteria typically associated with food spoilage: Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhimurium, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, and three Bacillus species. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTT) was used to evaluate the cytotoxicity against colorectal carcinoma cells (HCT116), prostate adenocarcinoma (PC3), ovarian cancer cells (SKOV-3), and fibroblasts (MRC-5). The antioxidant evaluation was done using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH) assay. The pH of the water-containing extracts was acidic and almost the same over 6 weeks. The six PPEs inhibited the bacterial growth in a comparable level to standard antibiotics. The effectiveness of each extract was dependent on the bacterial strain, and the Listeria showed a remarkable inhibition when exposed to the aqueous extract prepared at room temperature (RT). The aqueous (RT) and methanol PPEs had a significant antioxidant scavenging capability and a remarkable cytotoxic activity against the PC3 with half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 0.1 μg/mL. The boiled aqueous extract exhibited antiproliferative activity against HCT116 with an IC50 of 21.45 μg/mL. The effect on SKOV-3 and fibroblasts was insignificant. With the exception of butanol, the antioxidant screening shows an inverse correlation between the polarity of the extraction solvent and the IC50 exhibited by the PPEs. The variation in the effectiveness of PPEs is suggested to be due to variable soluble bioactive compounds that may interact differently with different cells, though water-containing extracts are promising antibacterial agents. The findings clearly show that pomegranate peel possessed the potential to be an eco-friendly novel source for natural compounds that can be implemented in the food industry as a natural antimicrobial and natural food additive to prevent foodborne illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubna F. Abu‐Niaaj
- Department of Agricultural and Life Sciences, John W. Garland College of Engineering, Science, Technology, and AgricultureCentral State UniversityWilberforceOhioUSA
| | - Hala I. Al‐Daghistani
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medical SciencesAl‐Ahliyya Amman UniversityAmmanJordan
| | - Ibrahim Katampe
- Department of Agricultural and Life Sciences, John W. Garland College of Engineering, Science, Technology, and AgricultureCentral State UniversityWilberforceOhioUSA
| | | | - Yasser K. Bustanji
- College of MedicineUniversity of SharjahSharjahUnited Arab Emirates
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of PharmacyThe University of JordanAmmanJordan
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Bahari H, Pourreza S, Goudarzi K, Mirmohammadali SN, Asbaghi O, Kolbadi KSH, Naderian M, Hosseini A. The effects of pomegranate consumption on obesity indices in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Food Sci Nutr 2024; 12:641-660. [PMID: 38370057 PMCID: PMC10867489 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Evidence supports the potential application of polyphenols as agents against obesity. Pomegranate is one of the fruits that possess a high content of polyphenols. This systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) sought to evaluate the effects of pomegranate consumption on obesity indices, including body mass index (BMI), body weight, waist circumference (WC), fat mass (FM), body fat percentage (BFP), and fat-free mass (FFM) in adults. Relevant RCTs were obtained by searching databases, including PubMed, SCOPUS, and Web of Science, up to May 2023. Heterogeneity tests of the included trials were performed using the I 2 statistic. Random effects models were assessed based on the heterogeneity tests, and pooled data were determined as the weighted mean difference with a 95% confidence interval. Pooled analysis of 28 trials revealed that pomegranate consumption led to a significant reduction in body weight (WMD: -1.97, 95% CI: -2.91, -1.03, p < .05), and a significant decrease in BMI (WMD: -0.48, 95% CI: -0.76, -0.20, p < .05) in comparison with the control group. However, there were no significant effects on WC, FM, FFM, and BFP in comparison with the control group. Pomegranate consumption may yield a beneficial effect on body weight and BMI in adults. However, there were no significant effects on WC, FM, FFM, and BFP, by pomegranate consumption. Also, pomegranate consumption can reduce body weight, BMI, WC, and BFP in obese adults. Long-term trials with different doses of pomegranate are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Bahari
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of MedicineMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
- Student Research CommitteeMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | - Sanaz Pourreza
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and DieteticsTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Kian Goudarzi
- Faculty of MedicineShahid Beheshti University of Medical ScienceTehranIran
| | | | - Omid Asbaghi
- Cancer Research CenterShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- Student Research CommitteeShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | | | - Moslem Naderian
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of PharmacyShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
- Medicinal Plants Research CenterYasuj University of Medical SciencesYasujIran
| | - Ali Hosseini
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of PharmacyShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
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Moeini R, Shirafkan H, Gorji N. Pomegranate effects on the health aspects of women during peri- and postmenopause: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Phytother Res 2024; 38:368-383. [PMID: 37929766 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Pomegranate is widely used to preserve human health and help prevent many kinds of diseases. This study aims to review and assess the effects of pomegranate on women's health during and after menopause. PubMed, Web of science, Cochrane, Scopus, and Google Scholar were searched up to the end of 2022 with no language or study type restriction. All types of clinical research studies (randomized clinical trial [RCT], pre-post, case report, and case series) were included. The Cochrane RoB 2.0 tool was used for quality assessment of RCTs. A summary of intervention's effects for each study was provided by calculating standardized mean differences and accompanying 95% confidence interval using random effect model. Weighted mean differences and heterogeneity between studies were assessed using Hedges's method and Cochran's Q test, respectively. Pomegranate can significantly improve hot flashes severity and menopause symptoms and decrease FSH. It significantly improves high-density lipoprotein but not low-density lipoprotein, body mass index, and weight. Most of our results are inconclusive, and the small sample sizes and the lack of blinding and randomization have led to an increased risk of bias. Pomegranate can decrease menopause symptoms, but more well-designed studies, with bigger sample sizes are needed to establish its other clinical benefits for menopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reihaneh Moeini
- Traditional Medicine and History of Medical Sciences Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Hoda Shirafkan
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Narjes Gorji
- Traditional Medicine and History of Medical Sciences Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
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Nunes YC, Santos GDO, Machado NM, Otoboni AMMB, Laurindo LF, Bishayee A, Fimognari C, Bishayee A, Barbalho SM. Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) seeds and by-products in metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disorders: A systematic review of clinical studies. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 123:155170. [PMID: 38000103 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease (CVDs) is the leading cause of death worldwide. The main risk factors are hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and increased serum lipids. The peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.), also known as the groundnut, goober, pindar, or monkey nut, belongs to the Fabaceae family and is the fourth most cultivated oilseed in the world. The seeds and skin of peanuts possess a rich phytochemical profile composed of antioxidants, such as phenolic acids, stilbenes, flavonoids, and phytosterols. Peanut consumption can provide numerous health benefits, such as anti-obesity, antidiabetic, antihypertensive, and hypolipidemic effects. Accordingly, peanuts have the potential to treat CVD and counteract its risk factors. PURPOSE This study aims to critically evaluate the effects of peanuts on metabolic syndrome (MetS) and CVD risk factors based on clinical studies. METHOD This review includes studies indexed in MEDLINE-PubMed, COCHRANE, and EMBASE, and the Preferred Reporting Items for a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis guidelines were adhered to. RESULTS Nineteen studies were included and indicated that the consumption of raw peanuts or differing forms of processed foods containing peanut products and phytochemicals could improve metabolic parameters, such as glycemia, insulinemia, glycated hemoglobin, lipids, body mass index, waist circumference, atherogenic indices, and endothelial function. CONCLUSION We propose that this legume and its products be used as a sustainable and low-cost alternative for the prevention and treatment of MetS and CVD. However, further research with larger sample sizes, longer intervention durations, and more diverse populations is needed to understand the full benefit of peanut consumption in MetS and CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yandra Cervelim Nunes
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, School of Food and Technology of Marília (FATEC), Marília 17500-000, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gian de Oliveira Santos
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, School of Food and Technology of Marília (FATEC), Marília 17500-000, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nathália Mendes Machado
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Marília 17525-902, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alda M M B Otoboni
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, School of Food and Technology of Marília (FATEC), Marília 17500-000, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucas Fornari Laurindo
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina de Marília (FAMEMA), Marília 17519-030, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anusha Bishayee
- Department of Statistics and Data Science, College of Arts and Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - Carmela Fimognari
- Department for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, 47921 Rimini, Italy
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA.
| | - Sandra Maria Barbalho
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, School of Food and Technology of Marília (FATEC), Marília 17500-000, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Marília 17525-902, São Paulo, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Marília 17525-902, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Alami M, Boumezough K, Khalil A, Ramchoun M, Boulbaroud S, Fulop T, Morvaridzadeh M, Berrougui H. The Modulatory Bioeffects of Pomegranate ( Punica granatum L.) Polyphenols on Metabolic Disorders: Understanding Their Preventive Role against Metabolic Syndrome. Nutrients 2023; 15:4879. [PMID: 38068738 PMCID: PMC10707905 DOI: 10.3390/nu15234879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Modern research achievements support the health-promoting effects of natural products and diets rich in polyphenols. Pomegranate (PG) (Punica granatum L.) contains a considerable number of bioactive compounds that exert a broad spectrum of beneficial biological activities, including antimicrobial, antidiabetic, antiobesity, and atheroprotective properties. In this context, the reviewed literature shows that PG intake might reduce insulin resistance, cytokine levels, redox gene expression, blood pressure elevation, vascular injuries, and lipoprotein oxidative modifications. The lipid parameter corrective capabilities of PG-ellagitannins have also been extensively reported to be significantly effective in reducing hyperlipidemia (TC, LDL-C, VLDL-C, and TAGs), while increasing plasma HDL-C concentrations and improving the TC/HDL-C and LDL-C/HDL-C ratios. The health benefits of pomegranate consumption seem to be acheived through the amelioration of adipose tissue endocrine function, fatty acid utilization, GLUT receptor expression, paraoxonase activity enhancement, and the modulation of PPAR and NF-κB. While the results from animal experiments are promising, human findings published in this field are inconsistent and are still limited in several aspects. The present review aims to discuss and provide a critical analysis of PG's bioeffects on the components of metabolic syndrome, type-2 diabetes, obesity, and dyslipidemia, as well as on certain cardiovascular-related diseases. Additionally, a brief overview of the pharmacokinetic properties, safety, and bioavailability of PG-ellagitannins is included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Alami
- Department of Biology, Polydisciplinary Faculty, University Sultan Moulay Slimane, Beni Mellal 23020, Morocco; (M.A.); (K.B.); (M.R.); (S.B.)
- Department of Medicine, Geriatrics Service, Faculty of Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 4N4, Canada; (A.K.); (T.F.); (M.M.)
| | - Kaoutar Boumezough
- Department of Biology, Polydisciplinary Faculty, University Sultan Moulay Slimane, Beni Mellal 23020, Morocco; (M.A.); (K.B.); (M.R.); (S.B.)
| | - Abdelouahed Khalil
- Department of Medicine, Geriatrics Service, Faculty of Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 4N4, Canada; (A.K.); (T.F.); (M.M.)
| | - Mhamed Ramchoun
- Department of Biology, Polydisciplinary Faculty, University Sultan Moulay Slimane, Beni Mellal 23020, Morocco; (M.A.); (K.B.); (M.R.); (S.B.)
| | - Samira Boulbaroud
- Department of Biology, Polydisciplinary Faculty, University Sultan Moulay Slimane, Beni Mellal 23020, Morocco; (M.A.); (K.B.); (M.R.); (S.B.)
| | - Tamas Fulop
- Department of Medicine, Geriatrics Service, Faculty of Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 4N4, Canada; (A.K.); (T.F.); (M.M.)
| | - Mojgan Morvaridzadeh
- Department of Medicine, Geriatrics Service, Faculty of Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 4N4, Canada; (A.K.); (T.F.); (M.M.)
| | - Hicham Berrougui
- Department of Biology, Polydisciplinary Faculty, University Sultan Moulay Slimane, Beni Mellal 23020, Morocco; (M.A.); (K.B.); (M.R.); (S.B.)
- Department of Medicine, Geriatrics Service, Faculty of Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 4N4, Canada; (A.K.); (T.F.); (M.M.)
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Ali MY, Jannat S, Chang MS. Discovery of Potent Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors in Pomegranate as a Treatment for Hypertension. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023. [PMID: 37384918 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c02115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is associated with numerous health benefits due to its high levels of antioxidant polyphenolic substances. Since pomegranate extract has been shown to inhibit angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), the potential inhibitory effect of most of its main constituents against ACE is unknown. Therefore, we tested the activities of 24 major compounds, the majority of which significantly inhibited ACE. Notably, pedunculagin, punicalin, and gallagic acid were the most effective ACE inhibitors with IC50 values of 0.91, 1.12, and 1.77 μM, respectively. As demonstrated in molecular docking studies, compounds block ACE by forming multiple hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions with catalytic residues and zinc ions in ACE's C- and N-domains, consequently inhibiting ACE's catalytic activity. Also, the most active pedunculagin stimulated nitric oxide (NO) production, activated the endothelial nitric oxide synthase enzyme (eNOS), and significantly increased eNOS protein expression levels up to 5.3-fold in EA.hy926 cells. Furthermore, pedunculagin increased in cellular calcium (Ca2+) concentration promoted eNOS enzyme activation and reduced the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In addition, the active compounds improved glucose uptake in insulin-resistant C2C12 skeletal muscle cells in a dose-dependent manner. The results of these computational, in vitro, and cellular experiments provide further evidence to the traditional medicine that involves using pomegranates to treat cardiovascular diseases like hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Yousof Ali
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Susoma Jannat
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Mun Seog Chang
- Department of Prescriptionology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyunghee dae-ro, Seoul 02447, Korea
- Qgenetics, Seoul Bio Cooperation Center 504, 23 Kyunghee dae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea
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Fornari Laurindo L, Minniti G, José Tofano R, Quesada K, Federighi Baisi Chagas E, Maria Barbalho S. Detection of Metabolic Syndrome Using Insulin Resistance Indexes: A Cross-Sectional Observational Cohort Study. ENDOCRINES 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/endocrines4020021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR) is considered cardinal to the pathophysiology of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Previously, several simple indexes of IR calculated from biochemical and anthropometric variables have been proposed. However, these indexes are population-dependent; therefore, further studies on a global scale are necessary. The present study assessed the diagnostic accuracy of eight IR indicators, namely, METS-IR, TG-HDL-c, TyG, TyG-BMI, TyG-NC, TyG-NHtR, TyG-WC, and TyG-WHtR, in indicating MetS among a Brazilian population. For this, 268 patients (152 men and 116 women, 53–59 years of age) were included in the study, out of which 111 were diagnosed with MetS according to the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III). All indexes achieved significant accuracy, with TyG-WC (0.849 (0.800–0.889)), TyG (0.837 (0.787–0.879)), and TG-HDL-c (0.817 (0.765–0.861)) having the highest area under the curve (AUC). Further, the most heightened diagnostic sensitivities were observed for TG-HDL-c (90.99%), TyG-WC (89.19%), and TyG-NC (84.68%), whereas the highest diagnostic specificities were noted for TyG (73.89%), TyG-WHtR (72.61%), and TyG-WC (66.88%). Thus, TyG-WC, TyG, and TG-HDL-c reached the greatest AUC values in our analyses, making them useful diagnostic indicators of MetS, and crucial for patients’ clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Fornari Laurindo
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina de Marília (FAMEMA), Avenida Monte Carmelo, 800, Marília 17519-030, SP, Brazil
| | - Giulia Minniti
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil
| | - Ricardo José Tofano
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil
| | - Karina Quesada
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Federighi Baisi Chagas
- Postgraduate Program in Health and Aging, Faculdade de Medicina de Marília (FAMEMA), Avenida Monte Carmelo, 800, Marília 17519-030, SP, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil
| | - Sandra Maria Barbalho
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, School of Food and Technology of Marília (FATEC), Avenida Castro Alves, 62, Marília 17500-000, SP, Brazil
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Mohammadi M, Boghrati Z, Emami SA, Akaberi M. Pomegranate: A review of the heavenly healer's past, present, and future. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2023; 26:1245-1264. [PMID: 37886004 PMCID: PMC10598818 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2023.72816.15844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
In the great Persian Empire, pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) had a wide reputation for use both as an herbal medicine and nutritious food. It was also a symbol of peace and love according to Achaemenid limestones in the great Persia. This paper aims to review the traditional uses of pomegranate in Persian and Islamic traditional medicine and have thorough and current information regarding the pharmacology and phytochemistry of this valuable plant for practical use and further research. Relevant information about P. granatum was collected from scientific publishers and databases including Elsevier, Wiley, PubMed, and Google Scholar between 1950 and 2022. The traditional knowledge was extracted from Persian and Islamic traditional textbooks. Based on traditional textbooks, pomegranate has beneficial effects on diseases related to gastrointestinal, upper and lower respiratory, visual, and reproductive systems. In addition, pomegranate and its preparations have been prescribed for treating metabolic disorders, skin problems, and wounds as well as dental protection. Preclinical and clinical evidence supports many therapeutic potentials of pomegranate in traditional medicine. Its therapeutic effects are mostly attributed to its polyphenols. The knowledge in Persian and Islamic traditional textbooks about pomegranate and its preparations can be used as a guide for further preclinical and mainly clinical studies to discover the therapeutic potential of this valuable plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehran Mohammadi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra Boghrati
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Ahmad Emami
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Akaberi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Bandawane D, Kotkar A, Ingole P. Protective Effect of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Punica granatum Leaves on High Fructose Induced Insulin Resistance in Experimental Animals. Cardiovasc Hematol Disord Drug Targets 2023; 23:263-276. [PMID: 38038001 DOI: 10.2174/011871529x273808231129035950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin resistance (IR) is a condition characterized by reduced sensitivity of body tissues to insulin, leading to impaired regulation of downstream metabolic pathways and elevated blood glucose levels. Diets rich in fructose have been proven to cause insulin resistance in test rats, resulting in decreased insulin sensitivity, particularly in the liver, and compromised disposal of glucose from the body. In the search for effective treatments, Plant-derived formulations have gained popularity because to their ability for treating a variety of ailments. One such plant is Punica granatum Linn. from the Punicaceae family, which has long been used in the treatment of diabetes and its consequences. This study investigates the insulin-resistant activity of an extract from Punica granatum leaves. The study goal is to assess the possible protective role of Punica granatum against insulin resistance through various analyses, including serum glucose and insulin levels, lipid profile assessment, measurement of liver enzymes (ALP, SGOT, SGPT), and histopathological examination of liver sections. METHODS The study involves several key methods to evaluate the insulin-resistant activity of Punica granatum extract in high fructose diet induced insulin resistance animal model. The extract was administered orally to the experimental animals. These methods include the measurement of serum glucose and serum insulin levels, analysis of the lipid profile, quantification of liver enzymes such as ALP, SGOT, and SGPT, and a detailed histopathological examination of liver tissue sections. These analyses collectively provide insights into the impact of Punica granatum extract on insulin resistance and related metabolic parameters. RESULTS Findings of this study provide insight on the possible benefits of Punica granatum extract on insulin resistance. Through the assessment of serum glucose and insulin levels, lipid profile analysis, and measurement of liver enzymes, the study elucidates the impact of the extract on key metabolic indicators. Additionally, the histopathological examination of liver sections provides visual insights into the structural changes that may occur as a result of the treatment. CONCLUSION In conclusion, this study highlights the ability of Punica granatum extract as a candidate for addressing insulin resistance. The findings suggest that the extract may have a protective role against insulin resistance, as evidenced by improvements in serum glucose and insulin levels, lipid profile, liver enzyme levels, and histopathological characteristics. Further research and investigations are warranted to fully understand the mechanisms underlying these observed effects and to validate the potential of Punica granatum extract as a therapeutic option for managing insulin resistance and its associated complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepti Bandawane
- Department of Pharmacology, PES's Modern College of Pharmacy, Nigdi, Pune, India
| | - Ashwini Kotkar
- Department of Pharmacology, PES's Modern College of Pharmacy, Nigdi, Pune, India
| | - Pooja Ingole
- Department of Pharmacology, PES's Modern College of Pharmacy, Nigdi, Pune, India
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Dormal V, Pachikian B, Debock E, Buchet M, Copine S, Deldicque L. Evaluation of a Dietary Supplementation Combining Protein and a Pomegranate Extract in Older People: A Safety Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14235182. [PMID: 36501211 PMCID: PMC9739468 DOI: 10.3390/nu14235182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Malnutrition is a highly prevalent condition in older adults. It is associated with low muscle mass and function and increased occurrence of health problems. Maintaining an adequate nutritional status as well as a sufficient nutrient intake in older people is therefore essential to address this public health problem. For this purpose, protein supplementation is known to prevent the loss of muscle mass during aging, and the consumption of various pomegranate extracts induces numerous health benefits, mainly through their antioxidant properties. However, to our knowledge, no study has to date investigated the impact of their combination on the level of malnutrition in older people. The objective of this preliminary study was thus to evaluate the safety of a combination of protein and a pomegranate extract in healthy subjects aged 65 years or more during a 21-day supplementation period. Thirty older participants were randomly assigned to receive protein and a pomegranate extract (Test group) or protein and maltodextrin (Control group) during a 21-day intervention period. The primary outcomes were the safety and tolerability of the supplementation defined as the occurrence of adverse events, and additional secondary outcomes included physical examination and hematological and biochemical parameters. No serious adverse events were reported in any group. Changes in physical, hematological, and biochemical parameters between the initial screening and the end of the study were equivalent in both groups, except for glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (GPT) and prealbumin, for which a decrease was observed only in the Test group. Our initial findings support the safety of the combination of protein and a pomegranate extract in healthy elderly people. Future clinical trials on a larger sample and a longer period are needed to determine the efficacy of this combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Dormal
- Center of Investigation in Clinical Nutrition, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Barbara Pachikian
- Center of Investigation in Clinical Nutrition, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Elena Debock
- Center of Investigation in Clinical Nutrition, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Marine Buchet
- Center of Investigation in Clinical Nutrition, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Sylvie Copine
- Center of Investigation in Clinical Nutrition, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Louise Deldicque
- Center of Investigation in Clinical Nutrition, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- Correspondence:
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Prevention and Treatment of Obesity-Related Inflammatory Diseases by Edible and Medicinal Plants and Their Active Compounds. IMMUNO 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/immuno2040038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity, defined by excessive fat mass and its associated low-grade chronic inflammation, leads to insulin resistance, diabetes, and metabolic dysfunctions. The immunomodulatory properties of natural agents have gained much interest in recent decades. Some of the plant-derived agents are known to be immunomodulators that can affect both innate and adaptive immunity, e.g., thymoquinone, curcumin, punicalagin, resveratrol, quercetin, and genistein. Natural immunomodulators may contribute to the treatment of a number of inflammatory diseases, as they have significant efficacy and safety profiles. The immunomodulatory effects of traditional Greco-Arab and Islamic diets and medicinal plants are well acknowledged in abundant in vitro studies as well as in animal studies and clinical trials. This review highlights the role of Greco-Arab and Islamic diets and medicinal plants in the management of inflammation associated with obesity. Although previously published review articles address the effects of medicinal plants and phytochemicals on obesity-related inflammation, there is no systematic review that emphasizes clinical trials of the clinical significance of these plants and phytochemicals. Given this limitation, the objective of this comprehensive review is to critically evaluate the potential of the most used herbs in the management of obesity-related inflammation based on clinical trials.
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12
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Multi-Functional Potential of Lactic Acid Bacteria Strains and Antimicrobial Effects in Minimally Processed Pomegranate (Punica granatum L. cv Jolly Red) Arils. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10101876. [PMID: 36296153 PMCID: PMC9610940 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10101876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of both cells, and cell-free supernatants (CFS) of 7 selected lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains belonging to Limosilactobacillus fermentum (4 strains), Lacticaseibacillus paracasei (1 strain), Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus (1 strain), and Enterococcus faecium (1 strain) species, against Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, Salmonella Typhimurium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus, by both the agar-well diffusion and co-culture methods. In addition, probiotic and safety traits were also detected. Great variability was detected on antimicrobial effects, whereas all tested strains were found sensitive to most of the tested antibiotics, and without any DNase, gelatinase, or hemolytic activity. Moreover, strains showed excellent survival in acidic conditions and exhibited tolerance to pepsin and bile salts. Based on the in vitro results, the CFSs of two selected L. fermentum strains were applied, in a mixed solution, as bio-preservative into minimally processed pomegranate arils, inoculated with a cocktail of L. monocytogenes and E. coli. Samples, packaged in an ordinary atmosphere, were analyzed during refrigerated storage, for up to 12 days, for physicochemical (as weight loss, texture, color, pH, total soluble solids and organic acid content) and for microbiological traits. Results revealed the effectiveness of CFS, up to 12 days, in reducing weight loss and microbial growth, without any significant effect on texture, total soluble solid content and color, found comparable to the acid citric treatment, highlighting the multi-functional potential of selected probiotic strains.
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Li HM, Kouye O, Yang DS, Zhang YQ, Ruan JY, Han LF, Zhang Y, Wang T. Polyphenols from the Peels of Punica granatum L. and Their Bioactivity of Suppressing Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Inflammatory Cytokines and Mediators in RAW 264.7 Cells via Activating p38 MAPK and NF-κB Signaling Pathways. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27144622. [PMID: 35889496 PMCID: PMC9318460 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Punica granatum L. (Punicaceae) is a popular fruit all over the world. Owning to its enriched polyphenols, P. granatum has been widely used in treating inflammation-related diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Twenty polyphenols, containing nine unreported ones, named punicagranins A–I (1–9), along with eleven known isolates (10–20), were obtained from the peels. Their detailed structures were elucidated based on UV, IR, NMR, MS, optical rotation, ECD analyses and chemical evidence. The potential anti-inflammatory activities of all polyphenols were examined on a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory macrophages model, which indicated that enhancing nitric oxide (NO) production in response to inflammation stimulated in RAW 264.7 cells was controlled by compounds 1, 3, 5–8, 10, 11, 14 and 16–20 in a concentration-dependent manner. The investigation of structure–activity relationships for tannins 6–8 and 12–20 suggested that HHDP, flavogallonyl and/or gallagyl were key groups for NO production inhibitory activity. Western blotting indicated that compounds 6–8 could down-regulate the phosphorylation levels of proteins p38 MAPK, IKKα/β, IκBα and NF-κB p65 as well as inhibit the levels of inflammation-related cytokines and mediators, such as IL-6, TNF-α, iNOS and COX-2, at the concentration of 30 μM. In conclusion, polyphenols are proposed to be the potential anti-inflammatory active ingredients in P. granatum peels, and their molecular mechanism is likely related to the regulation of the p38 MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Min Li
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; (H.-M.L.); (O.K.); (J.-Y.R.); (L.-F.H.)
| | - Ongher Kouye
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; (H.-M.L.); (O.K.); (J.-Y.R.); (L.-F.H.)
| | - Ding-Shan Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; (D.-S.Y.); (Y.-Q.Z.)
| | - Ya-Qi Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; (D.-S.Y.); (Y.-Q.Z.)
| | - Jing-Ya Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; (H.-M.L.); (O.K.); (J.-Y.R.); (L.-F.H.)
| | - Li-Feng Han
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; (H.-M.L.); (O.K.); (J.-Y.R.); (L.-F.H.)
| | - Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; (H.-M.L.); (O.K.); (J.-Y.R.); (L.-F.H.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; (D.-S.Y.); (Y.-Q.Z.)
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (T.W.); Tel./Fax: +86-22-5959-6168 (T.W.)
| | - Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; (H.-M.L.); (O.K.); (J.-Y.R.); (L.-F.H.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; (D.-S.Y.); (Y.-Q.Z.)
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (T.W.); Tel./Fax: +86-22-5959-6168 (T.W.)
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14
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Effects of Herbal Therapy on Intestinal Microbiota and Serum Metabolomics in Different Rat Models of Mongolian Medicine. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:7255780. [PMID: 35677380 PMCID: PMC9170395 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7255780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective Heyi disease, Xila disease, and Badagan disease are three common diseases in Mongolian medicine. The changes in intestinal microbiota may be associated with the occurrence, development, and treatment of these diseases. This study aimed to investigate the effects of herbal treatment on intestinal microbiota and serum metabolites in rats with these three diseases. Methods Firstly, Heyi, Xila, and Badagan disease model rats were established by environmental, diet, and drug intervention. Then, 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metabolomics analysis were used to analyze the changes in intestinal microbiota and serum metabolites after treatment. PICRUSt analysis was applied to predict the potential functions of intestinal microbiota, and OPLS-DA multivariate model was applied to screen differential serum metabolites. Results 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that herbal treatment significantly increased the species diversity and changed the composition of intestinal microbiota in Heyi disease and Xila disease rats. After treatment, there were 10, 9, and 3 bacterial biomarkers that were increased in Heyi, Xila, and Badagan disease rats, respectively. In the Heyi disease model, treatment resulted in 45 differential serum metabolites, involving 4 pathways. In the Badagan disease model, treatment resulted in 62 differential serum metabolites, involving 4 pathways. However, there was no significant difference in serum metabolites between TreatB and ConB in the Xila disease model. Conclusions Herbal treatment significantly changed the intestinal microbiota and serum metabolites of rats with three Mongolian medicine diseases.
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Kumar N, Daniloski D, Pratibha, Neeraj, D'Cunha NM, Naumovski N, Petkoska AT. Pomegranate peel extract – A natural bioactive addition to novel active edible packaging. Food Res Int 2022; 156:111378. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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