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Plichta M, Kowalkowska J. Orthorexic tendency and its association with weight control methods and dietary variety in Polish adults: a cross-sectional study. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1355871. [PMID: 38711530 PMCID: PMC11073497 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1355871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The methods for controlling weight play a central role in formally diagnosed eating disorders (EDs) and appear to be important in the context of other nonformally recognized disorders, such as orthorexia nervosa (ON). These methods also have an impact on eating behaviors, including dietary variety. Our study aimed to: (i) assess the intensity of ON tendency by sex and BMI groups, (ii) evaluate the associations between ON tendency, weight control methods, and dietary variety, and (iii) determine the extent to which weight control methods and dietary variety contribute to the ON tendency among both females and males. Data were gathered from a sample of 936 Polish adults (463 females and 473 males) through a cross-sectional quantitative study conducted in 2019. Participants were requested to complete the ORTO-6, the Weight Control Methods Scale, and the Food Intake Variety Questionnaire (FIVeQ). Multiple linear regression analysis was employed to evaluate associations between ON tendency, weight control methods, and dietary variety. Females exhibited a higher ON tendency than males (14.4 ± 3.4 vs. 13.5 ± 3.7, p < 0.001, d = 0.25). In the regression model, the higher ON tendency was predicted by more frequent use of weight control methods, such as restricting the amount of food consumed, using laxatives, and physical exercise among both females and males as well as following a starvation diet in females, and drinking teas to aid bowel movements among males. Moreover, the higher ON tendency was predicted by higher dietary variety, lower age in both sexes, and higher level of education among males. However, there were no differences in ON tendency across BMI groups. In conclusion, the findings showed that ON tendency was predicted by a higher frequency of weight control methods commonly used by individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN). The resemblance to these two EDs is also suggested by the higher intensity of ON tendency among females and younger people. However, the prediction of ON tendency by dietary variety indicates that the obsessive preoccupation with healthy eating may not be advanced enough to observe a decrease in the dietary variety among these individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Plichta
- Department of Food Market and Consumer Research, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW-WULS), Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Kowalkowska
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Science, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
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Gaździńska A, Jagielski P, Baran P. The Risk of Orthorexia and the Prevalence of Emotional Eating Behaviours among Polish Military Flying Personnel in Relation to Body Mass Index (BMI) and Sociodemographic Factors. Nutrients 2024; 16:682. [PMID: 38474809 PMCID: PMC10934470 DOI: 10.3390/nu16050682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proper nutrition has a positive impact on health. Paradoxically, excessive preoccupation with healthy eating may lead to the emergence of abnormal eating behaviours and increase the risk of developing disorders. The aim of this study was to assess the risk of orthorexia (ON) and the prevalence of emotional eating (EE) in military flying personnel of the Polish Air Force in relation to BMI and sociodemographic factors. METHODS This study included 760 soldiers (including 60 females) taking part in the National Health Programme 2021-2025. The ORTO-15 questionnaire and EEQ were used to assess the risk of ON and EE. RESULTS The risk of ON occurred in 28.9% of military flying personnel and was significantly more frequent in soldiers with a normal weight (46.4%), under 40 years of age (42.7%), and with higher education (42.7%). The prevalence of EE was found in approximately 12.3% of the respondents and was significantly more common in soldiers with diagnosed obesity (17.5%), women (21.7%), and soldiers with higher education (13.6). Other sociodemographic variables did not differentiate the results of the ORTO-15 questionnaire and EEQ. CONCLUSIONS The obtained results indicate that the problem of eating disorders also occurs in military populations. The necessity of continuing research in this area is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Gaździńska
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Obesity Treatment, Department of Psychophysiological Measurements and Human Factor Research, Military Institute of Aviation Medicine, Krasińskiego 54/56, 01-755 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Jagielski
- Faculty of Health Science, Department of Nutrition and Drug Research, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Skawińska 8, 31-066 Cracow, Poland;
| | - Paulina Baran
- Department of Psychophysiological Measurements and Human Factor Research, Military Institute of Aviation Medicine, Krasińskiego 54/56, 01-755 Warsaw, Poland;
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Atsizata M, Sögüt SC. The relationship between orthorexia nervosa and cyberchondria levels in nurses: A cross-sectional study. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2024; 48:30-35. [PMID: 38453279 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnu.2024.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The study was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between orthorexia nervosa and cyberchondria levels among nurses. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted with 399 nurses through face-to-face interviews. The data were collected using a participant information form, the Cyberchondria Severity Scale, and the Orthorexia Nervosa-11 scale (ORTO-11). RESULTS The mean score of the nurses' cyberchondria severity scale was 73.95 ± 18.53, while the mean score of the Orthorexia Nervosa-11 scale was 28.23 ± 4.76. In the study, a low negative correlation was found between the cyberchondria and orthorexia nervosa levels (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The increase in the level of cyberchondria among nurses increases the risk of orthorexia nervosa. Therefore, it is recommended that nurses receive proper nutritional education and psychosocial support to reduce their tendency towards orthorexia nervosa and cyberchondria.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Seda Cangöl Sögüt
- Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Turkey.
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Marinho I, Silva MRG, Paiva T, Santos-Rocha R, Silva HH. Nutritional Knowledge about Maternal and Newborn Health among Physiotherapists during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Minas Gerais, Brazil. Nutrients 2024; 16:180. [PMID: 38257072 PMCID: PMC10820058 DOI: 10.3390/nu16020180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Adequate nutrition before and during pregnancy, as well as postpartum, is among the major contributors to maternal and newborn health. Physiotherapists' knowledge of this area is still scarce, although their clinical practice has been linked to newborns' neuropsychomotor development, which, in turn, is influenced by maternal health and nutritional status. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the nutritional knowledge of physiotherapists regarding maternal and newborn health. A total of 70 Brazilian physiotherapists (32.2 ± 6.0 years; 72.9% females) were evaluated between November 2019 and February 2020 for their sociodemographic characteristics, professional experience, and nutritional knowledge about maternal and newborn health through a validated questionnaire personally administered by the same trained researcher. Most of the physiotherapists had graduated but had no specialization in maternal and child physiotherapy (96.1% of the females and all the males). The nutritional knowledge about maternal and newborn health was significantly different between the female and male health professionals, as well as between the less and more experienced participants, i.e., female physiotherapists and the more experienced ones had more correct answers on the nutritional questionnaire than the male and less experienced physiotherapists, respectively (p < 0.05). Our results open an interesting window for the future education and training of Brazilian physiotherapists in nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Marinho
- School of Health Sciences, University Fernando Pessoa, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria-Raquel G. Silva
- FP-I3ID, FP-BHS, CEBIMED and Faculty of Health Sciences, University Fernando Pessoa, 4200-150 Porto, Portugal
- CIAS—Research Centre for Anthropology and Health—Human Biology, Health and Society, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
- CHRC—Comprehensive Health Research Centre, Nova Medical School, Nova University of Lisbon, 1150-090 Lisbon, Portugal;
- Gymnastics Federation of Portugal—Scientific Committee, 1600-159 Lisbon, Portugal
- CENC—Sleep Medicine Centre, 1649-035 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Teresa Paiva
- CHRC—Comprehensive Health Research Centre, Nova Medical School, Nova University of Lisbon, 1150-090 Lisbon, Portugal;
- CENC—Sleep Medicine Centre, 1649-035 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rita Santos-Rocha
- ESDRM-IPSANTARÉM Sport Sciences School of Rio Maior, Polytechnic Institute of Santarém, 2001-904 Rio Maior, Portugal;
- CIPER—Laboratory of Biomechanics and Functional Morphology, Interdisciplinary Centre for the Study of Human Performance, Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, 1499-002 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Hugo-Henrique Silva
- ICBAS—School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
- Portuguese Ministry of Education, 1399-025 Lisbon, Portugal
- Leixões Sport Clube, Senior Female Volleyball Team, 4450-277 Matosinhos, Portugal
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López-Gil JF, Tárraga-López PJ, Soledad Hershey M, López-Bueno R, Gutiérrez-Espinoza H, Soler-Marín A, Fernández-Montero A, Victoria-Montesinos D. Overall proportion of orthorexia nervosa symptoms: A systematic review and meta-analysis including 30 476 individuals from 18 countries. J Glob Health 2023; 13:04087. [PMID: 37917875 PMCID: PMC10622118 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.13.04087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To date, no previous meta-analysis has determined the overall proportion of orthorexia nervosa symptoms on a global scale. The aim of the present study was 2-fold: first, to establish the overall proportion of orthorexia nervosa symptoms on a global scale, assessed with the ORTO-15 questionnaire; and second, to determine the role of sex, type of population, mean age, body mass index, and the temporal trend in relation to orthorexia nervosa symptoms. Methods Four databases were searched (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) with date limits from January 2005 to June 2023. Studies assessing the proportion of orthorexia nervosa assessed using the ORTO-15 questionnaire with a cutoff of <35 or <40 points were included in this review. Results The overall proportion of orthorexia nervosa symptoms (using the cutoff <35 points) was 27.5% (95% confidence interval (CI) = 23.5-31.6, I2 = 97.0%). In addition, no significant differences were observed between females (34.6%, 95% CI = 29.5-39.8, I2 = 96.1%) and males (32.1%, 95% CI = 26.5-38.1, I2 = 93.1%). According to the type of population, the highest overall proportion was found in people focused on sports performance or body composition (34.5%, 95% CI = 23.1-47.0, I2 = 98.0%). Notwithstanding, caution should be exercised in interpreting this result, as reverse causality could be a potential pitfall in this relationship. Conclusions We found that approximately three out of 10 study participants showed orthorexia nervosa symptoms according to the ORTO-15 tool. This overall proportion was higher in those participants who were athletes or fitness practitioners. Over the years, the proportion of orthorexia nervosa symptoms seems to be increasing. These high percentages and their increase are worrisome from a public health perspective and highlight the need to develop psychometric instruments to aid in clinical diagnosis and treatment efficacy. Registration PROSPERO (CRD42022350873).
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Affiliation(s)
- José Francisco López-Gil
- Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard University T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- One Health Research Group, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Pedro Juan Tárraga-López
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Maria Soledad Hershey
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard University T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- University of Navarra, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Rubén López-Bueno
- Department of Physical Medicine and Nursing, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Antonio Soler-Marín
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Alejandro Fernández-Montero
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard University T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Occupational Medicine, University of Navarra, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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Shi X, Wu Y, Yuan J, Wang X, Guo C, Zang S. Association between Body Image Flexibility and Intermittent Fasting in Chinese Medical Students: A Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:4273. [PMID: 37836557 PMCID: PMC10574058 DOI: 10.3390/nu15194273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Unhealthy dietary behaviors and body dissatisfaction are becoming increasingly common among college students. Understanding the association between body image flexibility and intermittent fasting is particularly meaningful, especially for medical college students. This study aimed to investigate the association between body image flexibility and intermittent fasting among medical students. We conducted a cross-sectional study with 5138 medical college students at Jitang College of North China University of Science and Technology. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to evaluate the association between body image flexibility and intermittent fasting. Subgroup analysis and interaction tests were further used to examine the possible interaction between body image flexibility and intermittent fasting. In this study, 1329 (25.87%) students had intermittent fasting behavior. After adjustment for confounding factors, there was a negative association between body image flexibility and intermittent fasting (OR = 0.94, 95%CI = 0.93 to 0.95, p < 0.001). A significant interaction between body image flexibility and intermittent fasting was found in gender, academic year, major, and monthly living expenses (p for interaction < 0.05). E-value analysis suggested there was unlikely to be an unmeasured confounding. This association could contribute to the establishment of personalized health intervention strategies and provide recommendations for promoting the physical and mental health of medical students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinji Shi
- Department of Community Nursing, School of Nursing, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China; (X.S.); (X.W.); (C.G.)
| | - Yibo Wu
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China;
| | - Jie Yuan
- Jitang College of North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063000, China;
| | - Xue Wang
- Department of Community Nursing, School of Nursing, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China; (X.S.); (X.W.); (C.G.)
| | - Chaowei Guo
- Department of Community Nursing, School of Nursing, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China; (X.S.); (X.W.); (C.G.)
| | - Shuang Zang
- Department of Community Nursing, School of Nursing, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China; (X.S.); (X.W.); (C.G.)
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