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Lin Z, Luo W, Zhang K, Dai S. Environmental and Microbial Factors in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Model Establishment: A Review Partly through Mendelian Randomization. Gut Liver 2024; 18:370-390. [PMID: 37814898 PMCID: PMC11096900 DOI: 10.5009/gnl230179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a complex condition resulting from environmental, microbial, immunologic, and genetic factors. With the advancement of Mendelian randomization research in IBD, we have gained new insights into the relationship between these factors and IBD. Many animal models of IBD have been developed using different methods, but few studies have attempted to model IBD by combining environmental factors and microbial factors. In this review, we examine how environmental factors and microbial factors affect the development and progression of IBD, and how they interact with each other and with the intestinal microbiota. We also summarize the current methods for creating animal models of IBD and compare their advantages and disadvantages. Based on the latest findings from Mendelian randomization studies on the role of environmental factors in IBD, we discuss which environmental and microbial factors could be used to construct a more realistic and reliable IBD experimental model. We propose that animal models of IBD should consider both environmental and microbial factors to better mimic human IBD pathogenesis and to reveal the underlying mechanisms of IBD at the immune and genetic levels. We highlight the importance of environmental and microbial factors in IBD pathogenesis and offer new perspectives and suggestions for improving experimental animal modeling. Our goal is to create a model that closely resembles the clinical picture of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zesheng Lin
- The First Clinical Medical School, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjing Luo
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kaijun Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Geriatrics Institute, Guangzhou, ChinaNational Key Clinical Specialty, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shixue Dai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Geriatrics Institute, Guangzhou, ChinaNational Key Clinical Specialty, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Geriatric Center, National Regional Medical Center, Ganzhou Hospital Affiliated to Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Ganzhou, China
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Chen S, Zhang M, Yang P, Guo J, Liu L, Yang Z, Nan K. Genetic Association between Lipid-Regulating Drug Targets and Diabetic Retinopathy: A Drug Target Mendelian Randomization Study. J Lipids 2024; 2024:5324127. [PMID: 38757060 PMCID: PMC11098603 DOI: 10.1155/2024/5324127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a diabetic microvascular complication and a leading cause of vision loss. However, there is a lack of effective strategies to reduce the risk of DR currently. The present study is aimed at assessing the causal effect of lipid-regulating targets on DR risk using a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study. Method Genetic variants within or near drug target genes, including eight lipid-regulating targets for LDL-C (HMGCR, PCSK9, and NPC1L1), HDL-C (CETP, SCARB1, and PPARG), and TG (PPARA and LPL), were selected as exposures. The exposure data were obtained from the IEU OpenGWAS project. The outcome dataset related to DR was obtained from the FinnGen research project. Inverse-variance-weighted MR (IVW-MR) was used to calculate the effect estimates by each target. Sensitivity analyses were performed to verify the robustness of the results. Results There was suggestive evidence that PCSK9-mediated LDL-C levels were positively associated with DR, with OR (95% CI) of 1.34 (1.02-1.77). No significant association was found between the expression of HMGCR- and NPC1L1-mediated LDL-C levels; CETP-, SCARB1-, and PPARG-mediated HDL-C levels; PPARA- and LPL-mediated TG levels; and DR risk. Conclusions This is the first study to reveal a genetically causal relationship between lipid-regulating drug targets and DR risk. PCSK9-mediated LDL-C levels maybe positively associated with DR risk at the genetic level. This study provides suggestive evidence that PCSK9 inhibition may reduce the risk of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Chen
- Department of Joint Surgery, HongHui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China
- Medical Department of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710048, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of General Practice, HongHui Hospital, Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Peng Yang
- Department of Joint Surgery, HongHui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jianbin Guo
- Department of Joint Surgery, HongHui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Joint Surgery, HongHui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhi Yang
- Department of Joint Surgery, HongHui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kai Nan
- Department of Joint Surgery, HongHui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China
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Deng Z, Hu Y, Duan L, Buyang Z, Huang Q, Fu X, Luo H, Hou T. Causality between sleep traits and the risk of frailty: a Mendelian randomization study. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1381482. [PMID: 38784581 PMCID: PMC11112029 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1381482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Research based on observation has demonstrated a relationship between sleep traits and frailty; however, it remains uncertain if this correlation indicates causation. The purpose of this study was to look at the causal relationship that exists between frailty and sleep traits. Method Using summaries from a genome-wide association study of self-reported sleep features and frailty index, we performed a bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. Examining the causal relationships between seven sleep-related traits and frailty was the goal. The major method used to calculate effect estimates was the inverse-variance weighted method, supplemented by the weighted median and MR-Egger approaches. The study investigated pleiotropy and heterogeneity using several methodologies, such as the MR-Egger intercept, the MR-PRESSO approach, and the Cochran's Q test. We took multivariate Mendelian randomization and genetic correlations between related traits to enhance the confidence of the results. Furthermore, we used MRlap to correct for any estimation bias due to sample overlap. Results Insomnia, napping during the day, and sleep apnea syndrome exhibited a positive connection with the frailty index in forward MR analysis. Conversely, there is a negative link between getting up in the morning, snoring and sleep duration with the frailty index. During the reverse MR analysis, the frailty index exhibited a positive correlation with insomnia, napping during the day, and sleep apnea syndrome, while demonstrating a negative correlation with sleep duration. There was no direct correlation between snoring, chronotype, and frailty. In MVMR analyses, the causal effect of sleep characteristics on frailty indices remained consistent after adjusting for potential confounders including BMI, smoking, and triglycerides. Conclusion The findings of our investigation yield novel evidence that substantiates the notion of a bidirectional causal connection between sleep traits and frailty. Through the optimization of sleep, it is potentially feasible to hinder, postpone, or even reverse the state of frailty, and we proposed relevant interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Deng
- Chengdu Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine Hospital, Chengdu, China
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yifan Hu
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Lincheng Duan
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ziding Buyang
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qian Huang
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuedan Fu
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Luo
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Tianshu Hou
- Chengdu Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine Hospital, Chengdu, China
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Zhu Z, Yang Y, Han X, Peng L, Zhu H. Causality of Helicobacter pylori infection on eosinophilic esophagitis and potential pathogenesis: a Mendelian randomization study. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1365604. [PMID: 38779684 PMCID: PMC11109363 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1365604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Observational studies have indicated a possible connection between Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE), but their causal relationship has yet to be established. To investigate the causal associations between H. pylori infection and EoE, we performed a Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. Methods Firstly, we conducted both univariable and multivariable Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses. Furthermore, a two-step MR was carried out to ascertain the potential underlying pathways of these associations, particularly the involvement of inflammatory cytokines. We employed the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method as the main analysis in our MR study. To enhance the credibility of the results, we also conducted several sensitivity analyses. Results Our study demonstrated a noteworthy correlation between genetically predicted anti-H. pylori IgG antibody levels and a reduced risk of EoE (OR=0.325, 95% CI=0.165-0.643, P value=0.004, adj p value=0.009). No significant causal associations were detected between other H. pylori antibodies and EoE in our study. When it comes to multivariable MR analysis controlling for education attainment, household income, and deprivation individually, the independent causal impact of anti-H. pylori IgG on EoE persisted. Surprisingly, the two-step MR analysis indicated that inflammatory factors (IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, IL-17, and IFN-γ) did not appear to mediate the protective effect of H. pylori infection against EoE. Conclusion Findings suggested that among the range of H. pylori-related antibodies, anti-H. pylori IgG antibody is the sole causal factor associated with protection against EoE. Certain inflammatory factors may not be involved in mediating this association. These findings make a significant contribution to advancing our understanding of the pathogenesis of EoE and its evolving etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lei Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Wu H, Xia Y, Luo Q, Li Q, Jiang H, Xiong Y. Psychological Distress and Meniere's Disease: A Bidirectional Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2024; 170:1391-1403. [PMID: 38123520 DOI: 10.1002/ohn.610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study is aim to explore the causal relationship between anxiety, depression, neuroticism, and Meniere's disease (MD). STUDY DESIGN Two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses. SETTING IEU, FinnGen, CTG, and UKB databases. METHODS The genome-wide association studies data for anxiety, depression, neuroticism, and MD involved over 357,957 participants. MR was performed to explore relationships between anxiety, depression, neuroticism, and MD. Sensitivity analyses were performed to assess the robustness of the MR results. Reverse MR was used to exclude the possibility of reverse causality. Finally, multivariate MR was performed to explore the collinear relationships between neuroticism subclusters. RESULTS MR results showed that anxiety and depression are not causes of MD, nor does MD cause anxiety and depression. Elevated neuroticism sum score is a cause of anxiety, depression, and MD, but MD does not lead to an increase in the level of neuroticism sum score. Further analysis showed that the 5 subclusters of neuroticism often feel lonely, mood often goes up and down, often feel fed-up, feelings easily hurt, and sensitivity to environmental stress and adversity are causes of MD. Multivariate MR analysis results suggested that the 5 neuroticism subclusters have a collinear relationship. CONCLUSION Anxiety and depression are not causative factors of MD, and vice versa. Elevated neuroticism levels serve as a shared causative factor for anxiety, depression, and MD. Identification and effective management of neuroticism is a potential target for preventing and treating MD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huadong Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology, The first Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Otorhinolaryngology Institute of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang Univeristy, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yunyan Xia
- Department of Otolaryngology, The first Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Otorhinolaryngology Institute of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang Univeristy, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic Diseases, Jiangxi Branch Center, Nanchang, China
| | - Qing Luo
- Department of Otolaryngology, The first Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Otorhinolaryngology Institute of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang Univeristy, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic Diseases, Jiangxi Branch Center, Nanchang, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, Wenshan Zhuang and Miao Autonomous Prefecture People's Hospital, Wenshan, China
| | - Hongqun Jiang
- Department of Otolaryngology, The first Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Otorhinolaryngology Institute of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang Univeristy, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic Diseases, Jiangxi Branch Center, Nanchang, China
| | - Yuanping Xiong
- Department of Otolaryngology, The first Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Otorhinolaryngology Institute of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang Univeristy, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic Diseases, Jiangxi Branch Center, Nanchang, China
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Zou F, Hu Y, Xu M, Wang S, Wu Z, Deng F. Associations between sex hormones, receptors, binding proteins and inflammatory bowel disease: a Mendelian randomization study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1272746. [PMID: 38660517 PMCID: PMC11039946 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1272746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Gender differences existed in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Observational studies have revealed associations between sex hormones and IBD, such as estrogen and testosterone. However, the exact relationship between these sex hormones and IBD is unclear. Method Based on the genome-wide association studies data of eight sex hormones, two sex hormone receptors, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), total IBD and its two subtypes, we performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study to analyze their mutual relationship. For estradiol (E2), progesterone (PROG), bioavailable testosterone (BAT), total testosterone (TT) and SHBG, sex-stratified MR analyses were also performed. Inverse variance weighted method, MR-Egger regression and Weighted median method were used for causal analyses. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to test the stability of causal relationships. Besides, a reverse MR analysis was performed to estimate the reverse causation. Results E2 (P=0.028) and TT (P=0.034) had protective effects on CD. Sex-stratified analyses revealed protective roles of E2 in males on total IBD (P=0.038) and CD (P=0.020). TT in females had protective effects on total IBD (P=0.025) and CD (P=0.029), and BAT in females decreased the risk of developing CD (P=0.047) and UC (P=0.036). Moreover, SHBG in males was also associated with a decreased risk of CD (P=0.021). The reversed MR analysis showed that CD was negatively correlated with estrogen receptor (P=0.046). UC was negatively correlated with PROG in females (P=0.015) and positively correlated with SHBG levels in males (P=0.046). Conclusion Findings of this study revealed the mutual causal associations between sex hormones and the risk of developing IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Research Center of Digestive Disease, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yaxian Hu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Mengmeng Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Research Center of Digestive Disease, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Su Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Research Center of Digestive Disease, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zengrong Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Research Center of Digestive Disease, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Feihong Deng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Research Center of Digestive Disease, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Chen Y, Yang L, Wang K, An Y, Wang Y, Zheng Y, Zhou Y. Relationship between fatty acid intake and aging: a Mendelian randomization study. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:5711-5739. [PMID: 38535988 PMCID: PMC11006485 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Observational studies have previously shown a possible link between fatty acids and aging-related diseases, raising questions about its health implications. However, the causal relationship between the two remains uncertain. METHODS Univariable and multivariable Mendelian randomization (MR) was used to analyze the relationship between five types of fatty acids-polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), saturated fatty acid (SFA), Omega-6 fatty acid (Omega-6 FA), and Omega-3 fatty acid (Omega-3 FA) and three markers of aging: telomere length (TL), frailty index (FI), and facial aging (FclAg). The primary approach for Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis involved utilizing the inverse variance weighted (IVW) method, with additional supplementary methods employed. RESULTS Univariate MR analysis revealed that MUFA, PUFA, SFA, and Omega-6 fatty acids were positively associated with TL (MUFA OR: 1.019, 95% CI: 1.006-1.033; PUFA OR: 1.014, 95% CI: 1.002-1.026; SFA OR: 1.016, 95% CI: 1.002-1.031; Omega-6 FAs OR=1.031, 95% CI: 1.006-1.058). PUFA was also associated with a higher FI (OR: 1.033, 95% CI: 1.009-1.057). In multivariate MR analysis, after adjusting for mutual influences among the five fatty acids, MUFA and PUFA were positively independently associated with TL (MUFA OR: 1.1508, 95% CI = 1.0724-1.2350; PUFA OR: 1.1670, 95% CI = 1.0497-1.2973, while SFA was negatively correlated (OR: 0.8005, 95% CI: 0.7045-0.9096). CONCLUSIONS Our research presents compelling evidence of a causal association between certain fatty acids and indicators of the aging process. In particular, MUFA and PUFA may play a role in slowing down the aging process, while SFAs may contribute to accelerated aging. These findings could have significant implications for dietary recommendations aimed at promoting healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhua Chen
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Lian Yang
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Kui Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu An
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yuping Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Ya Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yongning Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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Xu G, Xu Y, Zheng T, Liu T. Type 2 diabetes and inflammatory bowel disease: a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5149. [PMID: 38429331 PMCID: PMC10907708 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55869-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
To investigate the association between T2DM and IBD by bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) to clarify the casual relationship. Independent genetic variants for T2DM and IBD were selected as instruments from published genome-wide association studies (GWAS), mainly in European ancestry. Instrumental variables (IVs) associated with T2DM and IBD were extracted separately from the largest GWAS meta-analysis. MR analyses included inverse variance weighting, weighted median estimator, MR Egger regression, and sensitivity analyses with Steiger filtering and MR PRESSO. In the data samples for Ulcerative colitis (UC) (6968 cases, 20,464 controls) and Crohn's disease (CD) (5956 cases, 14,927 controls), there was a negative causal relationship between T2DM and UC [IVW, OR/95%CI: 0.882/(0.826,0.942), p < 0.001]. However, the causal relationships between T2DM and CD, UC and T2DM, CD and T2DM were not significant, and the p value measured by the IVW method was ≥ 0.05. All SNPs showed no significant horizontal pleiotropy (p > 0.05). The results of the bidirectional MR Study suggest that T2DM has a negative causal effect on UC, which provides implications for clinical treatment decisions in IBD patients with T2DM. The findings do not support a causal relationship between T2DM and CD, UC and T2DM, or CD and T2DM, and the impact of IBD on T2DM needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyi Xu
- School of Nursing, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Yanhong Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
- Cardiovascular Surgery Intensive Care Unit, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Taohua Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Ting Liu
- School of Nursing, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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9
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Dong H, Xu F, Linghu E. Unraveling the link between plasma caffeine concentrations and inflammatory bowel disease risk through Mendelian randomization. Am J Clin Nutr 2024; 119:711-715. [PMID: 38211690 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Caffeine is believed to possess anti-inflammatory properties, yet direct population-based evidence regarding its impact on inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remains scarce. OBJECTIVES In this study, we used 2-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study to investigate the causal relationship between long-term plasma caffeine concentrations and IBD and its subtypes, ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn disease (CD). METHODS We used single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with plasma caffeine concentrations at genome-wide significance within a ±100-kb range around the CYP1A2 or AHR genes as instrumental variables. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) data for IBD and its subtypes were obtained from FinnGen and International Inflammatory Bowel Disease Genetics Consortium. We conducted a meta-analysis of MR-related SNPs from both sources and used a multiplicative inverse variance-weighted random effects model to combine the effects of each SNP proxy on exposure to outcomes. RESULTS In our study, genetically predicted higher plasma caffeine concentrations were associated with a lower risk of IBD, with an odds ratio (OR) of 0.78 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.66, 0.91; PFDR = 0.004). This trend was also observed in UC and CD, with ORs of 0.79 (95% CI: 0.66, 0.94; PFDR = 0.014) and 0.78 (95% CI: 0.62, 0.98; PFDR = 0.032), respectively. CONCLUSION Our study indicates a potential causal link between genetically predicted higher plasma caffeine concentrations and a reduced risk of IBD, including its subtypes UC and CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Xu
- Clinical Medical Laboratory Center, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Enqiang Linghu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
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10
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Shu Y, Yang B, Liu X, Xu M, Deng C, Wu H. Causal effects from inflammatory bowel disease on liver function and disease: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 10:1320842. [PMID: 38298515 PMCID: PMC10827874 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1320842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Accumulating evidence has shown that patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have liver function abnormalities and are susceptible to liver diseases. However, the existence of a causal relationship between IBD and liver function or disease remains unclear. Methods A two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was performed using genetic associations from publicly available genome-wide association studies (GWAS). These associations encompass ulcerative colitis (UC), Crohn's disease (CD), liver function traits, and liver disease phenotypes. The liver function traits comprised hepatic biochemistries, percent liver fat, and liver iron content from the UK Biobank. Furthermore, the liver disease phenotypes included cholelithiasis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), and primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) in cohorts of European ancestry. The primary estimation used the inverse-variance weighted method, with GWAS of C-reactive protein (CRP) in the UK Biobank serving as a positive control outcome. Results Genetically predicted UC is causally associated with decreased levels of albumin (ALB) and liver iron content, while genetically predicted CD is causally associated with increased levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Moreover, genetically predicted UC or CD increases the risk of PSC, and CD increases the risk of PBC. Neither UC nor CD causally increases the risk of cholelithiasis and NAFLD. Conclusion UC affects the levels of ALB and liver iron content, while CD affects the levels of ALP. Both UC and CD increase the risk of PSC, and CD increases the risk of PBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Shu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bocheng Yang
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xuanyou Liu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Meihua Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chao Deng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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11
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Wen H, Leong PM, Wang X, Li D. Isolation and Characterization of n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Enteromorpha prolifera Lipids and Their Preventive Effects on Ulcerative Colitis in C57BL/6J Mice. Foods 2023; 13:46. [PMID: 38201073 PMCID: PMC10778640 DOI: 10.3390/foods13010046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Enteromorpha prolifera (EP) is a green alga that causes green bloom worldwide. This study aimed to isolate and identify n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) from EP oil obtained via supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and to explore its preventive effects against dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis in C57BL/6J mice. In EP oil, we found the novel n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid C16:4n-3 and two unusual fatty acids C18:4n-3 and C16:3n-3, using GC-MS. The administration of EP oil reduced histopathological of symptoms colitis and the shortening of the colon length. Pro-inflammatory cytokines of IL-6 and TNF-α in serum of EP oil treatment were lower than DSS treatment (by 37.63% and 83.52%), and IL-6 gene expression in the colon was lower in than DSS group by 48.28%, and IL-10 in serum was higher than DSS group by 2.88-fold. Furthermore, the protein expression of p-STAT3 by the EP oil treatment was significantly reduced compared with DSS treatment group by 73.61%. Lipidomics study suggested that phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine were positively associated with the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, while cholesteryl ester and sphingomyelin were negatively related to inflammation cytokines in the EP oil group. The present results indicated that EP oil rich in n-3 PUFA contains a novel fatty acid C16:4n-3, as well as two uncommon fatty acids C18:4n-3 and C16:3n-3. EP oil could prevent DSS-induced ulcerative colitis by regulating the JAK/STAT pathway and lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haichao Wen
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China; (H.W.); (X.W.)
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China;
| | - Pooi Mun Leong
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China;
| | - Xincen Wang
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China; (H.W.); (X.W.)
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China;
| | - Duo Li
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China; (H.W.); (X.W.)
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China;
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12
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Bertin B, Foligne B, Ley D, Lesage J, Beghin L, Morcel J, Gottrand F, Hermann E. An Overview of the Influence of Breastfeeding on the Development of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Nutrients 2023; 15:5103. [PMID: 38140362 PMCID: PMC10745409 DOI: 10.3390/nu15245103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The first 1000 days of life is a critical period that contributes significantly to the programming of an individual's future health. Among the many changes that occur during this period early in life, there is growing evidence that the establishment of healthy gut microbiota plays an important role in the prevention of both short- and long-term health problems. Numerous publications suggest that the quality of the gut microbiota colonisation depends on several dietary factors, including breastfeeding. In this respect, a relationship between breastfeeding and the risk of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been suggested. IBDs are chronic intestinal diseases, and perinatal factors may be partly responsible for their onset. We review the existence of links between breastfeeding and IBD based on experimental and clinical studies. Overall, despite encouraging experimental data in rodents, the association between breastfeeding and the development of IBD remains controversial in humans, partly due to the considerable heterogeneity between clinical studies. The duration of exclusive breastfeeding is probably decisive for its lasting effect on IBD. Thus, specific improvements in our knowledge could support dietary interventions targeting the gut microbiome, such as the early use of prebiotics, probiotics or postbiotics, in order to prevent the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Bertin
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286-INFINITE-Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, F-59000 Lille, France; (B.B.); (B.F.); (D.L.); (J.L.); (L.B.); (J.M.); (F.G.)
| | - Benoit Foligne
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286-INFINITE-Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, F-59000 Lille, France; (B.B.); (B.F.); (D.L.); (J.L.); (L.B.); (J.M.); (F.G.)
| | - Delphine Ley
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286-INFINITE-Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, F-59000 Lille, France; (B.B.); (B.F.); (D.L.); (J.L.); (L.B.); (J.M.); (F.G.)
| | - Jean Lesage
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286-INFINITE-Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, F-59000 Lille, France; (B.B.); (B.F.); (D.L.); (J.L.); (L.B.); (J.M.); (F.G.)
| | - Laurent Beghin
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286-INFINITE-Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, F-59000 Lille, France; (B.B.); (B.F.); (D.L.); (J.L.); (L.B.); (J.M.); (F.G.)
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, CIC-1403 Inserm-CHU, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Jules Morcel
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286-INFINITE-Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, F-59000 Lille, France; (B.B.); (B.F.); (D.L.); (J.L.); (L.B.); (J.M.); (F.G.)
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, CIC-1403 Inserm-CHU, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Frédéric Gottrand
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286-INFINITE-Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, F-59000 Lille, France; (B.B.); (B.F.); (D.L.); (J.L.); (L.B.); (J.M.); (F.G.)
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, CIC-1403 Inserm-CHU, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Emmanuel Hermann
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286-INFINITE-Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, F-59000 Lille, France; (B.B.); (B.F.); (D.L.); (J.L.); (L.B.); (J.M.); (F.G.)
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13
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Papadimitriou K, Detopoulou P, Soufleris K, Voulgaridou G, Tsoumana D, Ntopromireskou P, Giaginis C, Chatziprodromidou IP, Spanoudaki M, Papadopoulou SK. Nutritional Risk and Sarcopenia Features in Patients with Crohn's Disease: Relation to Body Composition, Physical Performance, Nutritional Questionnaires and Biomarkers. Nutrients 2023; 15:3615. [PMID: 37630805 PMCID: PMC10458234 DOI: 10.3390/nu15163615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with Crohn's disease (CD) face malnutrition risk, which, combined with inflammation, can lead to sarcopenia, associated with a worse prognosis. The purpose of the present study was to assess malnutrition and sarcopenia in patients with CD. Fifty-three patients (26 women) participated (38.1 ± 10.9 years, 79% in remission). Body composition, physical performance, nutritional questionnaires, and biomarkers were performed. Malnutrition was screened with the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) and the Malnutrition Inflammation Risk Tool (MIRT) and was assessed with the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) tool using etiologic along with three different phenotypic criteria: low Body Mass Index (BMI), low Calf Circumference (CC), and low Fat-Free Mass Index (FFMI). To find cases and evaluate sarcopenia, the Sarcopenia Questionnaire (SARC-F) and European Working Group on Sarcopenia2 (EWGSOP2) criteria were used. Malnutrition rates were 11.3% (n = 6), 7.5% (n = 4), and 5.6% (n = 3) based on low FFMI, CC, and BMI, correspondingly. Four (7%) patients had low Hand-Grip Strength (HGS), n = 8 (14.8%) had low Appendicular Lean Mass (ALM), and n = 3 (5.6%) had low gait speed. No-one had sarcopenia. A high albumin and triceps skinfold pattern, identified by principal component analysis, was related to reduced C-Reactive Protein (CRP) levels (B = -0.180, SE = 0.085, p = 0.045). In conclusion, based on the studied anthropometric, nutritional, and functional variables, CD patients were not diagnosed with sarcopenia in the present study. Body composition patterns were related to the inflammatory burden, underlying the interplay of inflammation and malnutrition, even in remission states. Further studies on older populations and during disease exacerbation are necessary to explore the potential link between CD, inflammation, and sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Papadimitriou
- Faculty of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Metropolitan College of Thessaloniki, University of East London, 546 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Paraskevi Detopoulou
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, General Hospital Korgialenio Benakio, 115 26 Athens, Greece;
| | - Konstantinos Soufleris
- Gastroenterology-Oncology Department, Theageneio Anticancer Hospital of Thessaloniki, 546 39 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Gavriela Voulgaridou
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, 570 01 Thessaloniki, Greece; (G.V.); (D.T.); (M.S.)
| | - Despoina Tsoumana
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, 570 01 Thessaloniki, Greece; (G.V.); (D.T.); (M.S.)
| | - Panagiotis Ntopromireskou
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Environment, University of Aegean, 811 00 Myrina, Greece; (P.N.); (C.G.)
| | - Constantinos Giaginis
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Environment, University of Aegean, 811 00 Myrina, Greece; (P.N.); (C.G.)
| | | | - Maria Spanoudaki
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, 570 01 Thessaloniki, Greece; (G.V.); (D.T.); (M.S.)
| | - Sousana K. Papadopoulou
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, 570 01 Thessaloniki, Greece; (G.V.); (D.T.); (M.S.)
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14
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Jabłońska B, Mrowiec S. Nutritional Status and Its Detection in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15081991. [PMID: 37111210 PMCID: PMC10143611 DOI: 10.3390/nu15081991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Malnutrition is an important issue in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) including Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). It is caused by altered digestion and absorption within the small bowel, inadequate food intake, and drug-nutrient interactions in patients. Malnutrition is an essential problem because it is related to an increased risk of infections and poor prognosis in patients. It is known that malnutrition is also related to an increased risk of postsurgery complications in IBD patients. Basic nutritional screening involves anthropometric parameters with body mass index (BMI) and others (fat mass, waist-to-hip ratio, muscle strength), medical history concerning weight loss, and biochemical parameters (including the Prognostic Nutritional Index). Besides standard nutritional screening tools, including the Subjective Global Assessment (SGA), Nutritional Risk Score 2002 (NRS 2002), and Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST), specific nutritional screening tools are used in IBD patients, such as the Saskatchewan Inflammatory Bowel Disease-Nutrition Risk Tool (SaskIBD-NR Tool and IBD-specific Nutritional Screening Tool). There is a higher risk of nutrient deficiencies (including iron, zinc, magnesium) and vitamin deficiencies (including folic acid, vitamin B12 and D) in IBD patients. Therefore, regular evaluation of nutritional status is important in IBD patients because many of them are undernourished. An association between plasma ghrelin and leptin and nutritional status in IBD patients has been observed. According to some authors, anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNFα) therapy (infliximab) can improve nutritional status in IBD patients. On the other hand, improvement in nutritional status may increase the response rate to infliximab therapy in CD patients. Optimization of nutritional parameters is necessary to improve results of conservative and surgical treatment and to prevent postoperative complications in patients with IBDs. This review presents basic nutritional screening tools, anthropometric and laboratory parameters, dietary risk factors for IBDs, common nutrient deficiencies, associations between anti-TNFα therapy and nutritional status, selected features regarding the influence of nutritional status, and surgical outcome in IBD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Jabłońska
- Department of Digestive Tract Surgery, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
| | - Sławomir Mrowiec
- Department of Digestive Tract Surgery, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
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