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Mutonhodza B, Dembedza MP, Joy EJM, Manzeke-Kangara MG, Njovo H, Nyadzayo TK, Lark RM, Kalimbira AA, Bailey EH, Broadley MR, Matsungo TM, Chopera P. Urine Se concentration poorly predicts plasma Se concentration at sub-district scales in Zimbabwe, limiting its value as a biomarker of population Se status. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1288748. [PMID: 38385014 PMCID: PMC10879291 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1288748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The current study investigated the value of urine selenium (Se) concentration as a biomarker of population Se status in rural sub-Saharan Africa. Method Urine and plasma Se concentrations were measured among children aged 6-59 months (n = 608) and women of reproductive age (WRA, n = 781) living in rural Zimbabwe (Murehwa, Shamva, and Mutasa districts) and participating in a pilot national micronutrient survey. Selenium concentrations were measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and urine concentrations were corrected for hydration status. Results The median (Q1, Q3) urine Se concentrations were 8.4 μg/L (5.3, 13.5) and 10.5 μg/L (6.5, 15.2) in children and WRA, respectively. There was moderate evidence for a relationship between urine Se concentration and plasma Se concentration in children (p = 0.0236) and WRA (p = < 0.0001), but the relationship had poor predictive value. Using previously defined thresholds for optimal activity of iodothyronine deiodinase (IDI), there was an association between deficiency when indicated by plasma Se concentrations and urine Se concentrations among WRA, but not among children. Discussion Urine Se concentration poorly predicted plasma Se concentration at sub-district scales in Zimbabwe, limiting its value as a biomarker of population Se status in this context. Further research is warranted at wider spatial scales to determine the value of urine Se as a biomarker when there is greater heterogeneity in Se exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beaula Mutonhodza
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Mavis P. Dembedza
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Edward J. M. Joy
- London School for Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden, United Kingdom
| | | | - Handrea Njovo
- National Nutrition Unit, Ministry of Health and Child Care of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Tasiana K. Nyadzayo
- National Nutrition Unit, Ministry of Health and Child Care of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - R. Murray Lark
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander A. Kalimbira
- Department of Human Nutrition and Health, Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - Elizabeth H. Bailey
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Martin R. Broadley
- Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden, United Kingdom
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Tonderayi M. Matsungo
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Prosper Chopera
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
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Jin Y, Coad J, Zhou SJ, Skeaff S, Benn C, Kim N, Pond RL, Brough L. Mother and Infant Nutrition Investigation in New Zealand (MINI Project): Protocol for an Observational Longitudinal Cohort Study. JMIR Res Protoc 2020; 9:e18560. [PMID: 32852279 PMCID: PMC7484772 DOI: 10.2196/18560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Thyroid dysfunction is associated with cognitive impairment, mood disturbance, and postnatal depression. Sufficient thyroid hormone synthesis requires adequate intake of iodine, selenium, and iron. Iodine deficiency was historically a problem for New Zealand, and initiatives were introduced to overcome the problem: (1) mandatory fortification of all bread (except organic) with iodized salt (2009) and (2) provision of subsidized iodine supplements for pregnant and breastfeeding women (2010). Subsequent to these initiatives, most adults and children have adequate iodine status; however, status among breastfeeding women and their infants remains unclear. This paper outlines the methodology of the Mother and Infant Nutrition Investigation (MINI) study: an observational longitudinal cohort study of breastfeeding women and their infants. Objective This study will determine (1) women’s iodine intake and status among supplement users and nonusers; (2) women’s intake and status of iodine, selenium, and iron relating to thyroid function; (3) associations between women’s selenium status, thyroid function, and postnatal depression; (4) infants’ iodine and selenium status relating to first year neurodevelopment. Methods Breastfeeding women aged over 16 years with a healthy term singleton infant were recruited from Manawatu, New Zealand. Participants attended study visits 3, 6, and 12 months postpartum. Maternal questionnaires investigated supplement use before and after birth, iodine knowledge, and demographic information. Dietary assessment and urine, blood, and breast milk samples were taken to measure iodine, selenium, and iron intake/status. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale was used repeatedly to screen for postnatal depression. Thyroid hormones (free triiodothyronine, free thyroxine, thyroid stimulating hormone, thyroglobulin, antithyroglobulin antibodies, and antithyroid peroxidase) were measured in blood samples, and thyroid gland volume was measured by ultrasound at 6 months postpartum. Infant iodine and selenium concentrations were determined in urine. The Ages and Stages Questionnaire was used to assess infant development at 4, 8, and 12 months. Results Data collection was completed. Biological samples analysis, excluding nail clippings, is complete. Data analysis and presentation of the results will be available after 2020. Conclusions This study will provide data on the current iodine status of breastfeeding women. It will also provide a greater understanding of the three essential minerals required for optimal thyroid function among breastfeeding women. The prospective longitudinal design allows opportunities to examine women’s mental health and infant neurodevelopment throughout the first year, a crucial time for both mothers and their infants. Trial Registration Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12615001028594; https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=369324 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/18560
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Jin
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Jane Coad
- School of Food and Advanced Technology, College of Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Shao J Zhou
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine and Robinson Research Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Sheila Skeaff
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Cheryl Benn
- MidCentral District Health Board, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Nicholas Kim
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Rachael L Pond
- Institute of Education, College of Humanities and Social Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Louise Brough
- School of Food and Advanced Technology, College of Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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Jin Y, Coad J, Pond R, Kim N, Brough L. Selenium intake and status of postpartum women and postnatal depression during the first year after childbirth in New Zealand - Mother and Infant Nutrition Investigation (MINI) study. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2020; 61:126503. [PMID: 32442890 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2020.126503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Selenium (Se) plays an important role in selenoproteins as an antioxidant, and is involved in thyroid function, mental health and child development. Selenium is low in the local food supplies in NZ. Low selenium intake has been reported in women of childbearing age and postmenopausal women, however, there is little research relating to breastfeeding women and their infants. PURPOSE The study investigates maternal and infant selenium intake and status during the first year postpartum, and possible relationships to postnatal depression and anxiety. BASIC PROCEDURES The Mother and Infant Nutrition Investigation (MINI) study is an observational longitudinal cohort study. In total 87 breastfeeding mother-infant pairs were recruited and followed up at 3, 6 and 12 months postpartum. Maternal selenium intake was estimated from a four-day diet diary (4DDD). Selenium concentrations were measured in maternal spot urine, breastmilk and plasma; and infant spot urine samples. Postnatal depression was screened by the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) questionnaire. MAIN FINDINGS Median maternal selenium intake was 62 (50, 84) μg/day, with 56 % below the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) of 65 μg/day. At 3, 6, and 12 months postpartum, median maternal urinary selenium:creatinine ratios were 29.0 (22.4, 42.0), 29.5 (23.1, 28.4), and 30.9 (24.3, 35.3) μg/g; median infant urinary selenium concentrations (IUSC) were 8 (6,13), 11 (6, 15), and 24 (10, 40) μg/L; median breastmilk selenium concentrations (BMSC) were 13 (11, 14), 11 (9, 11) and 12 (11, 13) μg/L; 18 %, 11 % and 14 % of women reported probable minor depression based on the EPDS scores equal or above 10. Estimated median infant selenium intake at 3 and 6 months were 9 (8, 11) and 8 (7, 10) μg/day with 85 % and 93 % below the Adequate Intake of 12 μg/day. Median maternal plasma selenium was 105.8 μg/L at 6 months postpartum. Minor depression at three months postpartum was significantly different across tertiles of plasma selenium concentrations (p = 0.041). PRINCIPLE CONCLUSIONS Suboptimal selenium intake was observed among breastfeeding mothers and their infants in the MINI study. Potentially, some women had insufficient selenium status. Relation between selenium status and risk of postnatal depression and anxiety was inconclusive.Further research is required to explore effects on maternal thyroid function and infant neurodevelopment among women with inadequate selenium intake and status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Jin
- R J Hill Laboratories Limited, Hamilton, New Zealand; Canterbury Health Laboratories, Christchurch, New Zealand; Nutrition Laboratory, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand; School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
| | - Jane Coad
- R J Hill Laboratories Limited, Hamilton, New Zealand; Canterbury Health Laboratories, Christchurch, New Zealand; Nutrition Laboratory, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand; Nutrition Science, School of Food and Advanced Technology, College of Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
| | - Rachael Pond
- R J Hill Laboratories Limited, Hamilton, New Zealand; Canterbury Health Laboratories, Christchurch, New Zealand; Nutrition Laboratory, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand; Institute of Education, College of Humanities and Social Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
| | - Nick Kim
- R J Hill Laboratories Limited, Hamilton, New Zealand; Canterbury Health Laboratories, Christchurch, New Zealand; Nutrition Laboratory, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand; School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Massey University, Mt Cook, Wellington 6021, New Zealand.
| | - Louise Brough
- R J Hill Laboratories Limited, Hamilton, New Zealand; Canterbury Health Laboratories, Christchurch, New Zealand; Nutrition Laboratory, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand; Nutrition Science, School of Food and Advanced Technology, College of Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
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Szymlek-Gay EA, Gray AR, Heath AM, Ferguson EL, Edwards T, Skeaff SA. Iodine-fortified toddler milk improves dietary iodine intakes and iodine status in toddlers: a randomised controlled trial. Eur J Nutr 2020; 59:909-19. [PMID: 30929067 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-019-01950-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of consuming iodine-fortified toddler milk for improving dietary iodine intakes and biochemical iodine status in toddlers. METHODS In a 20-week parallel randomised controlled trial, healthy 12-20-month-old children were assigned to: Fortified Milk [n = 45; iodine-fortified (21.1 µg iodine/100 g prepared drink) cow's milk], or Non-Fortified Milk (n = 90; non-fortified cow's milk). Food and nutrient intakes were assessed with 3-day weighed food records at baseline, and weeks 4 and 20. Urinary iodine concentration (UIC) was measured at baseline and 20 weeks. RESULTS At baseline, toddlers' median milk intake was 429 g/day. There was no evidence that milk intakes changed within or between the groups during the intervention. Toddlers' baseline geometric mean iodine intake was 46.9 µg/day, and the median UIC of 43 µg/L in the Fortified Milk group and 55 µg/L in the Non-Fortified Milk group indicated moderate and mild iodine deficiency, respectively, with this difference due to chance. During the intervention, iodine intakes increased by 136% (p < 0.001) and UIC increased by 85 µg/L (p < 0.001) in the Fortified Milk group compared to the Non-Fortified Milk group. The 20-week median UIC was 91 µg/L in the Fortified Milk group and 49 µg/L in the Non-Fortified Milk group. CONCLUSIONS Consumption of ≈ 1.7 cups of iodine-fortified toddler milk per day for 20 weeks can increase dietary iodine intakes and UIC in healthy iodine-deficient toddlers. This strategy alone is unlikely to provide sufficient intake to ensure adequate iodine status in toddlers at risk of mild-to-moderate iodine deficiency.
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Jin Y, Coad J, Weber JL, Thomson JS, Brough L. Selenium Intake in Iodine-Deficient Pregnant and Breastfeeding Women in New Zealand. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11010069. [PMID: 30609662 PMCID: PMC6356683 DOI: 10.3390/nu11010069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Selenium plays a role in antioxidant status and, together with iodine, in thyroid function. Iodine deficiency exists in New Zealand during pregnancy and lactation, and selenium deficiency may further affect thyroid function. This study investigated selenium intakes of pregnant and lactating women, in Palmerston North, in the North Island of New Zealand. Dietary intake was estimated using three repeated 24-h dietary recalls. Dietary intake in pregnancy was also estimated from 24-h urinary excretion of selenium. Selenium concentrations were determined in urine and breastmilk using inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Median selenium intakes based on dietary data were 51 (39, 65) μg/day in pregnancy and 51 (36, 80) μg/day in lactation, with 61% and 68% below estimated average requirement (EAR). Median daily selenium intake in pregnancy based on urinary excretion was 49 (40, 60) µg/day, with 59% below EAR. Median selenium concentration in breastmilk was 11 (10, 13) µg/L and estimated median selenium intake for infants was 9 (8, 10) µg/day, with 91% below the Adequate Intake of 12 μg/day. These pregnant and breastfeeding women were at risk of dietary selenium inadequacy. Further research is required to assess selenium status in relation to thyroid function and health in this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Jin
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
| | - Jane Coad
- School of Food and Advanced Technology, College of Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
| | - Janet L Weber
- School of Food and Advanced Technology, College of Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
| | - Jasmine S Thomson
- School of Food and Advanced Technology, College of Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
| | - Louise Brough
- School of Food and Advanced Technology, College of Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
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Tørris C, Småstuen MC, Molin M. Nutrients in Fish and Possible Associations with Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Metabolic Syndrome. Nutrients 2018; 10:E952. [PMID: 30041496 DOI: 10.3390/nu10070952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-communicable diseases (NSDs) are responsible for two-thirds of all deaths globally, whereas cardiovascular disease (CVD) alone counts for nearly half of them. To reduce the impact of CVD, targeting modifiable risk factors comprised in metabolic syndrome (e.g., waist circumference, lipid profile, blood pressure, and blood glucose) is of great importance. Beneficial effects of fish consumption on CVD has been revealed over the past decades, and some studies suggest that fish consumption may have a protective role in preventing metabolic syndrome. Fish contains a variety of nutrients that may contribute to health benefits. This review examines current recommendations for fish intake as a source of various nutrients (proteins, n-3 fatty acids, vitamin D, iodine, selenium, and taurine), and their effects on metabolic syndrome and the CVD risk factors. Fatty fish is recommended due to its high levels of n-3 fatty acids, however lean fish also contains nutrients that may be beneficial in the prevention of CVD.
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Shahid M, Niazi NK, Khalid S, Murtaza B, Bibi I, Rashid MI. A critical review of selenium biogeochemical behavior in soil-plant system with an inference to human health. Environ Pollut 2018; 234:915-934. [PMID: 29253832 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element for humans and animals, although controversial for different plant species. There exists a narrow line between essential, beneficial and toxic levels of Se to living organisms which greatly varies with Se speciation, as well as the type of living organisms. Therefore, it is crucial to monitor its solid- and solution-phase speciation, exposure levels and pathways to living organisms. Consumption of Se-laced food (cereals, vegetables, legumes and pulses) is the prime source of Se exposure to humans. Thus, it is imperative to assess the biogeochemical behavior of Se in soil-plant system with respect to applied levels and speciation, which ultimately affect Se status in humans. Based on available relevant literature, this review traces a plausible link among (i) Se levels, sources, speciation, bioavailability, and effect of soil chemical properties on selenium bioavailability/speciation in soil; (ii) role of different protein transporters in soil-root-shoot transfer of Se; and (iii) speciation, metabolism, phytotoxicity and detoxification of Se inside plants. The toxic and beneficial effects of Se to plants have been discussed with respect to speciation and toxic/deficient concentration of Se. We highlight the significance of various enzymatic (catalase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione peroxidase) and non-enzymatic (phytochelatins and glutathione) antioxidants which help combat Se-induced overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The review also delineates Se accumulation in edible plant parts from soils containing low or high Se levels; elucidates associated health disorders or risks due to the consumption of Se-deficient or Se-rich foods; discusses the potential role of Se in different human disorders/diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shahid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Vehari 61100, Pakistan.
| | - Nabeel Khan Niazi
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan; MARUM and Department of Geosciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, D-28359, Germany; Southern Cross GeoScience, Southern Cross University, Lismore 2480, NSW, Australia.
| | - Sana Khalid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Vehari 61100, Pakistan
| | - Behzad Murtaza
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Vehari 61100, Pakistan
| | - Irshad Bibi
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan; Southern Cross GeoScience, Southern Cross University, Lismore 2480, NSW, Australia
| | - Muhammad Imtiaz Rashid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Vehari 61100, Pakistan; Center of Excellence in Environmental Studies, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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