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Zhang S, Zhang C, Wu J, Liu S, Zhang R, Handique U. Isolation, characterization and application of noble bacteriophages targeting potato common scab pathogen Streptomyces stelliscabiei. Microbiol Res 2024; 283:127699. [PMID: 38520838 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2024.127699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Bacteriophages have emerged as promising alternatives to pesticides for controlling bacterial pathogens in crops. Among these pathogens, Streptomyces stelliscabiei (syn. S. stelliscabiei) is a primary causative agent of potato common scab (PCS), resulting in substantial global economic losses. The traditional management methods for PCS face numerous challenges, highlighting the need for effective and environmentally friendly control strategies. In this study, we successfully isolated three novel bacteriophages, namely Psst1, Psst2, and Psst4, which exhibited a broad host range encompassing seven S. stelliscabiei strains. Morphological analysis revealed their distinct features, including an icosahedral head and a non-contractile tail. These phages demonstrated stability across a broad range of temperatures (20-50°C), pH (pH 3-11), and UV exposure time (80 min). Genome sequencing revealed double-stranded DNA phage with open reading frames encoding genes for phage structure, DNA packaging and replication, host lysis and other essential functions. These phages lacked genes for antibiotic resistance, virulence, and toxicity. Average nucleotide identity, phylogenetic, and comparative genomic analyses classified the three phages as members of the Rimavirus genus, with Psst1 and Psst2 representing novel species. All three phages efficiently lysed S. stelliscabiei in the liquid medium and alleviated scab symptom development and reduced pathogen abundance on potato slices. Furthermore, phage treatments of radish seedlings alleviated the growth inhibition caused by S. stelliscabiei with no disease symptoms. In soil potted experiments, phages significantly reduced disease incidence by 40%. This decrease is attributed to a reduction in pathogen density and the selection of S. stelliscabiei strains with reduced virulence and slower growth rates in natural environments. Our study is the first to report the isolation of three novel phages that infect S. stelliscabiei as a host bacterium. These phages exhibit a broad host range, and demonstrate stability under a variety of environmental conditions. Additionally, they demonstrate biocontrol efficacy against bacterial infections in potato slices, radish seedlings, and potted experiments, underscoring their significant potential as biocontrol agents for the effective management of PCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihe Zhang
- Inner Mongolia Potato Engineering and Technology Research Center, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Cheligeer Zhang
- Inner Mongolia Potato Engineering and Technology Research Center, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Inner Mongolia Potato Engineering and Technology Research Center, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Simiao Liu
- Inner Mongolia Potato Engineering and Technology Research Center, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Ruofang Zhang
- Inner Mongolia Potato Engineering and Technology Research Center, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Utpal Handique
- Inner Mongolia Potato Engineering and Technology Research Center, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China.
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Milhaven M, Bakry HA, Batra A, Bermingham AM, Grama G, Kebe J, Martinez SS, Mudunuri RV, Nelson MR, Nguyen ET, Peterson MM, Pruitt A, Tran K, Brar A, Cerna G, Chaffee E, Caruso SM, Pfeifer SP. Complete genome sequence of the Streptomyces bacteriophage Amabiko. Microbiol Resour Announc 2024:e0018224. [PMID: 38651927 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00182-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Amabiko is a lytic subcluster BE2 bacteriophage that infects Streptomyces scabiei-a bacterium causing common scab in potatoes. Its 131,414 bp genome has a GC content of 49.5% and contains 245 putative protein-coding genes, 45 tRNAs, and one tmRNA. Amabiko is closely related to Streptomyces bacteriophage MindFlayer (gene content similarity: 86.5%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Milhaven
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Heba A Bakry
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Anuvi Batra
- School of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | | | - Gloria Grama
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Jacob Kebe
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
- School of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Shawn S Martinez
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Rishika V Mudunuri
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Megan R Nelson
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Evie T Nguyen
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Mia M Peterson
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
- School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Alexis Pruitt
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
- School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Kristan Tran
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Akarshi Brar
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Gabriella Cerna
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Elaine Chaffee
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Steven M Caruso
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Susanne P Pfeifer
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
- Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
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Fenta L, Mekonnen H, Kabtimer N. The Exploitation of Microbial Antagonists against Postharvest Plant Pathogens. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11041044. [PMID: 37110467 PMCID: PMC10143894 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11041044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Postharvest disease management is vital to increase the quality and productivity of crops. As part of crop disease protection, people used different agrochemicals and agricultural practices to manage postharvest diseases. However, the widespread use of agrochemicals in pest and disease control has detrimental effects on consumer health, the environment, and fruit quality. To date, different approaches are being used to manage postharvest diseases. The use of microorganisms to control postharvest disease is becoming an eco-friendly and environmentally sounds approach. There are many known and reported biocontrol agents, including bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes. Nevertheless, despite the abundance of publications on biocontrol agents, the use of biocontrol in sustainable agriculture requires substantial research, effective adoption, and comprehension of the interactions between plants, pathogens, and the environment. To accomplish this, this review made an effort to locate and summarize earlier publications on the function of microbial biocontrol agents against postharvest crop diseases. Additionally, this review aims to investigate biocontrol mechanisms, their modes of operation, potential future applications for bioagents, as well as difficulties encountered during the commercialization process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamenew Fenta
- Department of Biology, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos P.O. Box 269, Ethiopia
| | - Habtamu Mekonnen
- Department of Biology, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar P.O. Box 79, Ethiopia
| | - Negash Kabtimer
- Department of Biology, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar P.O. Box 79, Ethiopia
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Streptomyces-mediated growth enhancement and Bacterial Panicle Blight disease suppression in rice plants under greenhouse conditions. J Biotechnol 2022; 359:148-160. [PMID: 36181924 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2022.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Streptomyces corchorusii TKR8, Streptomyces corchorusii JAS2 and Streptomyces misionensis TBS5 were previously obtained from rice fields and have been studied as a biocontrol agent against the causal agent of Bacterial Panicle Blight (BPB) disease on rice, Burkholderia glumae, and rice plant growth promoter. This study evaluated the potential of plant growth-promoting Streptomyces (PGPS) to control B. glumae and promote rice plants' growth under greenhouse conditions. PGPS were further characterized based on their phenotypic and biochemical differences. Multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) by amplifying gyrB, rpoB and trpB using PCR was conducted to identify the PGPS further. The antimicrobial activity of PGPS against B. glumae was investigated using a survival assay and microscopic analysis. Result indicates that JAS2 (61.2%) utilized the highest number of carbohydrates tested, followed by TKR8 (53.1%) and TBS5 (40.8%) as analyzed using API 50 CH. Based on MLSA analysis of the concatenated partial sequences (1,520bp) from three housekeeping genes, the neighbour-joining tree identified JAS2 and TKR8 as S. corchorusii. Meanwhile, TBS5 as S. misionensis. Antimicrobial activity of PGPS against B. glumae has found that the supernatant of Streptomyces reduced the survival viability of B. glumae up to 50.7 to 70.3%. SEM images showed that substantial morphological changes happened in cell membranes of B. glumae after the Streptomyces treatment. The highest vigor index of inoculated seedlings was determined when rice seeds were treated with a spore suspension of 1 × 107 spore/mL (for JAS2 and TKR8) and 1 × 106 spore/mL (for TBS5). Under greenhouse conditions, Streptomyces-treated plants showed improvement in rice plants' growth and grain yield and reduced the BPB disease severity. Results suggest that the S. corchorusii TKR8, S. corchorusii JAS2 and S. misionensis TBS5 should be promoted as biocontrol agents against B. glumae and bioformulations for rice crops.
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Pang F, Solanki MK, Wang Z. Streptomyces can be an excellent plant growth manager. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 38:193. [PMID: 35980475 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-022-03380-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Streptomyces, the most abundant and arguably the most important genus of actinomycetes, is an important source of biologically active compounds such as antibiotics, and extracellular hydrolytic enzymes. Since Streptomyces can have a beneficial symbiotic relationship with plants they can contribute to nutrition, health and fitness of the latter. This review article summarizes recent research contributions on the ability of Streptomyces to promote plant growth and improve plant tolerance to biotic and abiotic stress responses, as well as on the consequences, on plant health, of the enrichment of rhizospheric soils in Streptomyces species. This review summarizes the most recent reports of the contribution of Streptomyces to plant growth, health and fitness and suggests future research directions to promote the use of these bacteria for the development of a cleaner agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Pang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, College of Biology and Pharmacy, Yulin Normal University, Yulin, 537000, China
| | - Manoj Kumar Solanki
- Plant Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology Group, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-701, Katowice, Poland.
| | - Zhen Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, College of Biology and Pharmacy, Yulin Normal University, Yulin, 537000, China.
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Persad-Russell R, Mazarei M, Schimel TM, Howe L, Schmid MJ, Kakeshpour T, Barnes CN, Brabazon H, Seaberry EM, Reuter DN, Lenaghan SC, Stewart CN. Specific Bacterial Pathogen Phytosensing Is Enabled by a Synthetic Promoter-Transcription Factor System in Potato. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:873480. [PMID: 35548302 PMCID: PMC9083229 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.873480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Phytosensors are genetically engineered plant-based sensors that feature synthetic promoters fused to reporter genes to sense and report the presence of specific biotic and abiotic stressors on plants. However, when induced reporter gene output is below detectable limits, owing to relatively weak promoters, the phytosensor may not function as intended. Here, we show modifications to the system to amplify reporter gene signal by using a synthetic transcription factor gene driven by a plant pathogen-inducible synthetic promoter. The output signal was unambiguous green fluorescence when plants were infected by pathogenic bacteria. We produced and characterized a phytosensor with improved sensing to specific bacterial pathogens with targeted detection using spectral wavelengths specific to a fluorescence reporter at 3 m standoff detection. Previous attempts to create phytosensors revealed limitations in using innate plant promoters with low-inducible activity since they are not sufficient to produce a strong detectable fluorescence signal for standoff detection. To address this, we designed a pathogen-specific phytosensor using a synthetic promoter-transcription factor system: the S-Box cis-regulatory element which has low-inducible activity as a synthetic 4xS-Box promoter, and the Q-system transcription factor as an amplifier of reporter gene expression. This promoter-transcription factor system resulted in 6-fold amplification of the fluorescence after infection with a potato pathogen, which was detectable as early as 24 h post-bacterial infection. This novel bacterial pathogen-specific phytosensor potato plant demonstrates that the Q-system may be leveraged as a powerful orthogonal tool to amplify a relatively weak synthetic inducible promoter, enabling standoff detection of a previously undetectable fluorescence signal. Pathogen-specific phytosensors would be an important asset for real-time early detection of plant pathogens prior to the display of disease symptoms on crop plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramona Persad-Russell
- Department of Plant Sciences, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States
- Center for Agricultural Synthetic Biology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Mitra Mazarei
- Department of Plant Sciences, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States
- Center for Agricultural Synthetic Biology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Tayler Marie Schimel
- Center for Agricultural Synthetic Biology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States
- Department of Food Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Lana Howe
- Department of Plant Sciences, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States
- Center for Agricultural Synthetic Biology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Manuel J. Schmid
- Department of Plant Sciences, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States
- Center for Agricultural Synthetic Biology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Tayebeh Kakeshpour
- Department of Plant Sciences, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States
- Center for Agricultural Synthetic Biology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Caitlin N. Barnes
- Department of Plant Sciences, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States
- Center for Agricultural Synthetic Biology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Holly Brabazon
- Department of Plant Sciences, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States
- Center for Agricultural Synthetic Biology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Erin M. Seaberry
- Department of Plant Sciences, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States
- Center for Agricultural Synthetic Biology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - D. Nikki Reuter
- Center for Agricultural Synthetic Biology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States
- Department of Food Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Scott C. Lenaghan
- Center for Agricultural Synthetic Biology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States
- Department of Food Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - C. Neal Stewart
- Department of Plant Sciences, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States
- Center for Agricultural Synthetic Biology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States
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Gutierrez J, Bakke A, Vatta M, Merrill AR. Plant Natural Products as Antimicrobials for Control of Streptomyces scabies: A Causative Agent of the Common Scab Disease. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:833233. [PMID: 35154047 PMCID: PMC8828645 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.833233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The common scab disease caused by Streptomyces scabies, a soil-dwelling Gram-positive bacterium, is an economically important disease of potatoes and other tuber crops. The lack of effective treatments against this disease accounts for large economic losses globally. Plant extracts were screened to find several that effectively inhibited Streptomyces scabies growth in culture. Seven tinctures showed the greatest inhibition of S. scabies growth by reducing pathogen growth in culture by 75% or more. These extracts were myrrh, garlic, cayenne, barberry, frankincense, wild indigo root, and lavender. Myrrh extract from Commiphora myrrha, a resin made from tree sap, showed strong antibacterial activity by reducing the growth of S. scabies to 13% of the control. Additionally, a flavonoid library was screened to identify several compounds that were effective to control the pathogen growth. The flavonoids that showed the greatest inhibition of Streptomyces scabies growth were sophoraflavanone G, jaceosidin, baicalein, and quercetin. Minimum inhibitory concentrations for the effective flavonoids were calculated to be 6.8 ± 0.4 μM, 100.0 ± 2.1 μM, 202.9 ± 5.3 μM, and 285.2 ± 6.8 μM, respectively. The mean lethal doses for these flavonoids against Streptomyces scabies were 2.0 ± 0.1 μM, 22.6 ± 0.5 μM, 52.9 ± 1.3 μM, and 37.8 ± 1.0 μM, respectively. A live/dead assay showed complete cell death in the presence of sophoraflavanone G indicative of a bactericidal mechanism for flavonoid action on Streptomyces scabies. Scanning electron and transmission electron microscopy imaging showed damaged cell membrane morphologies when Streptomyces scabies was exposed to these flavonoids. Mycelia appeared as flat and deflated structures with contents seen as spewing from branching hyphae with numerous holes and tears in the membrane structure indicative of cell death. Sophoraflavanone G showed the greatest potency and potential as a natural antibiotic from the library of tested flavonoids. These results suggest that these plant compounds act on the pathogen through a bactericidal mechanism involving cell membrane destabilization and disruption leading to cell death.
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Cui L, Yang C, Wang Y, Ma T, Cai F, Wei L, Jin M, Osei R, Zhang J, Tang M. Potential of an endophytic bacteria Bacillus amyloliquefaciens 3-5 as biocontrol agent against potato scab. Microb Pathog 2021; 163:105382. [PMID: 34974122 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
To obtain a potential biocontrol agent for potato scab, 75 endophytic bacteria were isolated from the healthy potato tubers and strain 3-5 was selected as an optimal antagonistic bacterium against Streptomyces griseoplanus (Streptacidiphilus griseoplanus) causing potato scab. Strain 3-5 was identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens based on its morphological characteristics, 16S rDNA and gyrB gene sequence analysis. B. amyloliquefaciens 3-5 has biological functions of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production and nitrogen fixation. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection revealed that B. amyloliquefaciens 3-5 had 6 diverse antibacterial substance synthesis genes, named bacD, bacAB, ituD, ituC, sfP and albF, which resulted in the production of bacilysin, iturin, surfactin and subtilosin. Field efficacy evaluation revealed that B. amyloliquefaciens 3-5 (solid fermentation) was successful in controlling potato scab with a 38.90 ± 3.2140% efficiency which is higher than other chemical bactericides except zhongshengmycin·oligosaccharins and kasugamycin·zhongshengmycin. The endophytic bacterium B. amyloliquefaciens 3-5 could be used as a biocontrol agent against potato scab due its control efficacy and environmental safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingxiao Cui
- Laboratory of Biocontrol Engineering of Crop Pests and Diseases in Gansu Province, College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Chengde Yang
- Laboratory of Biocontrol Engineering of Crop Pests and Diseases in Gansu Province, College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
| | - Yinyu Wang
- Laboratory of Biocontrol Engineering of Crop Pests and Diseases in Gansu Province, College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Ting Ma
- Laboratory of Biocontrol Engineering of Crop Pests and Diseases in Gansu Province, College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Fengfeng Cai
- Laboratory of Biocontrol Engineering of Crop Pests and Diseases in Gansu Province, College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Lijuan Wei
- Laboratory of Biocontrol Engineering of Crop Pests and Diseases in Gansu Province, College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Mengjun Jin
- Laboratory of Biocontrol Engineering of Crop Pests and Diseases in Gansu Province, College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Richard Osei
- Laboratory of Biocontrol Engineering of Crop Pests and Diseases in Gansu Province, College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Junlian Zhang
- Gansu Key Lab of Crop Improvement & Germplasm Enhancement, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Mei Tang
- Laboratory of Biocontrol Engineering of Crop Pests and Diseases in Gansu Province, College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
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