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Jaromin A, Zarnowski R, Markowski A, Zagórska A, Johnson CJ, Etezadi H, Kihara S, Mota-Santiago P, Nett JE, Boyd BJ, Andes DR. Liposomal formulation of a new antifungal hybrid compound provides protection against Candida auris in the ex vivo skin colonization model. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2024; 68:e0095523. [PMID: 38092678 PMCID: PMC10777852 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00955-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The newly emerged pathogen, Candida auris, presents a serious threat to public health worldwide. This multidrug-resistant yeast often colonizes and persists on the skin of patients, can easily spread from person to person, and can cause life-threatening systemic infections. New antifungal therapies are therefore urgently needed to limit and control both superficial and systemic C. auris infections. In this study, we designed a novel antifungal agent, PQA-Az-13, that contains a combination of indazole, pyrrolidine, and arylpiperazine scaffolds substituted with a trifluoromethyl moiety. PQA-Az-13 demonstrated antifungal activity against biofilms of a set of 10 different C. auris clinical isolates, representing all four geographical clades distinguished within this species. This compound showed strong activity, with MIC values between 0.67 and 1.25 µg/mL. Cellular proteomics indicated that PQA-Az-13 partially or completely inhibited numerous enzymatic proteins in C. auris biofilms, particularly those involved in both amino acid biosynthesis and metabolism processes, as well as in general energy-producing processes. Due to its hydrophobic nature and limited aqueous solubility, PQA-Az-13 was encapsulated in cationic liposomes composed of soybean phosphatidylcholine (SPC), 1,2-dioleoyloxy-3-trimethylammonium-propane chloride (DOTAP), and N-(carbonyl-methoxypolyethylene glycol-2000)-1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine, sodium salt (DSPE-PEG 2000), and characterized by biophysical and spectral techniques. These PQA-Az-13-loaded liposomes displayed a mean size of 76.4 nm, a positive charge of +45.0 mV, a high encapsulation efficiency of 97.2%, excellent stability, and no toxicity to normal human dermal fibroblasts. PQA-Az-13 liposomes demonstrated enhanced antifungal activity levels against both C. auris in in vitro biofilms and ex vivo skin colonization models. These initial results suggest that molecules like PQA-Az-13 warrant further study and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Jaromin
- Department of Lipids and Liposomes, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Robert Zarnowski
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine & Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine & Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Adam Markowski
- Department of Lipids and Liposomes, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Zagórska
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - Chad J. Johnson
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Haniyeh Etezadi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Shinji Kihara
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Jeniel E. Nett
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Ben J. Boyd
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University (Parkville Campus), Victoria, Australia
| | - David R. Andes
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine & Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine & Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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Nematollahi MH, Mehrabani M, Hozhabri Y, Mirtajaddini M, Iravani S. Antiviral and antimicrobial applications of chalcones and their derivatives: From nature to greener synthesis. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20428. [PMID: 37810815 PMCID: PMC10556610 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Chalcones and their derivatives have been widely studied due to their versatile pharmacological and biological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral, and antitumor effects. These compounds have shown suitable antiviral effects through the selective targeting of a variety of viral enzymes, including lactate dehydrogenase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), fumarate reductase, protein tyrosine phosphatase, topoisomerase-II, protein kinases, integrase/protease, and lactate/isocitrate dehydrogenase, among others. Chalcones and their derivatives have displayed excellent potential for combating pathogenic bacteria and fungi (especially, multidrug-resistant bacteria). However, relevant mechanisms should be further explored, focusing on inhibitory effects against DNA gyrase B, UDP-N-acetylglucosamine enolpyruvyl transferase (MurA), and efflux pumps (e.g., NorA), among others. In addition, the antifungal and antiparasitic activities of these compounds (e.g., antitrypanosomal and antileishmanial properties) have prompted additional explorations. Nonetheless, systematic analysis of the relevant mechanisms, biosafety issues, and pharmacological properties, as well as clinical translation studies, are vital for practical applications. Herein, recent advancements pertaining to the antibacterial, antiviral, antiparasitic, and antifungal activities of chalcones and their derivatives are deliberated, focusing on the relevant mechanisms of action, crucial challenges, and future prospects. Furthermore, due to the great importance of greener and more sustainable synthesis of these valuable compounds, especially on an industrial scale, the progress made in this field has been briefly discussed. Hopefully, this review can serve as a catalyst for researchers to delve deeper into the exploration and designing of novel chalcone compounds with medicinal properties, especially against pathogenic viruses and multidrug-resistant bacteria as major causes of concern for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hadi Nematollahi
- Herbal and Traditional Medicines Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mehrnaz Mehrabani
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Yaser Hozhabri
- Applied Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Maryamossadat Mirtajaddini
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Siavash Iravani
- Independent Researcher, W Nazar ST, Boostan Ave, Isfahan, Iran
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3
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Hernández-Rivera JL, Espinoza-Hicks JC, Chacón-Vargas KF, Carrillo-Campos J, Sánchez-Torres LE, Camacho-Dávila AA. Synthesis, characterization and evaluation of prenylated chalcones ethers as promising antileishmanial compounds. Mol Divers 2023; 27:2073-2092. [PMID: 36306047 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-022-10542-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Drug therapy for leishmaniasis remains a major challenge as currently available drugs have limited efficacy, induce serious side-effects and are not accessible to everyone. Thus, the discovery of affordable drugs is urgently needed. Chalcones present a great potential as bioactive agents due to simple structure and functionalization capacity. The antileishmanial activity of different natural and synthetic chalcones have been reported. Here we report the synthesis of twenty-five novel prenylated chalcones that displayed antiparasitic activity in Leishmania mexicana. All the chalcones were evaluated at 5 µg/mL and eleven compounds exhibited a metabolic inhibition close to or exceeding 50%. Compounds 49, 30 and 55 were the three most active with IC50 values < 10 μM. These chalcones also showed the highest selectivity index (SI) values. Interestingly 49 and 55 possessing a substituent at a meta position in the B ring suggests that the substitution pattern influences antileishmanial activity. Additionally, a tridimensional model of fumarate reductase of L. mexicana was obtained by homology modeling. Docking studies suggest that prenylated chalcones could modulate fumarate reductase activity by binding with good affinity to two binding sites that are critical for the target. In conclusion, the novel prenylated chalcones could be considered as promising antileishmanial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Lizbeth Hernández-Rivera
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Circuito Universitario S/N, Campus Universitario II, 31125, Chihuahua, Chih., Mexico
| | - José C Espinoza-Hicks
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Circuito Universitario S/N, Campus Universitario II, 31125, Chihuahua, Chih., Mexico
| | - Karla F Chacón-Vargas
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Circuito Universitario S/N, Campus Universitario II, 31125, Chihuahua, Chih., Mexico
- Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala, s/n, 11340, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Javier Carrillo-Campos
- Departamento de Investigación Científica, Universidad Tecnológica de Parras de la Fuente, Calle 20 de Noviembre #100, Colonia José G. Madero, CP 27989, Parras de la Fuente, Coah., Mexico
| | - Luvia Enid Sánchez-Torres
- Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala, s/n, 11340, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Alejandro A Camacho-Dávila
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Circuito Universitario S/N, Campus Universitario II, 31125, Chihuahua, Chih., Mexico.
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Kudličková Z, Michalková R, Salayová A, Ksiažek M, Vilková M, Bekešová S, Mojžiš J. Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of Novel Indole Hybrid Chalcones and Their Antiproliferative and Antioxidant Activity. Molecules 2023; 28:6583. [PMID: 37764359 PMCID: PMC10535268 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28186583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The synthesis, anticancer, and antioxidant activities of a series of indole-derived hybrid chalcones are reported here. First, using the well-known Claisen-Schmidt condensation method, a set of 29 chalcones has been designed, synthesized, and consequently characterized. Subsequently, screening for the antiproliferative activity of the synthesized hybrid chalcones was performed on five cancer cell lines (HCT116, HeLa, Jurkat, MDA-MB-231, and MCF7) and two non-cancer cell lines (MCF-10A and Bj-5ta). Chalcone 18c, bearing 1-methoxyindole and catechol structural features, exhibited selective activity against cancer cell lines with IC50 values of 8.0 ± 1.4 µM (Jurkat) and 18.2 ± 2.9 µM (HCT116) and showed no toxicity to non-cancer cells. Furthermore, antioxidant activity was evaluated using three different methods. The in vitro studies of radical scavenging activity utilizing DPPH radicals as well as the FRAP method demonstrated the strong activity of catechol derivatives 18a-c. According to the ABTS radical scavenging assay, the 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-substituted chalcones 19a-c were slightly more favorable. In general, a series of 3,4-dihydroxychalcone derivatives showed properties as a lead compound for both antioxidant and antiproliferative activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Kudličková
- NMR Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia;
| | - Radka Michalková
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia;
| | - Aneta Salayová
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia; (A.S.); (M.K.)
| | - Marián Ksiažek
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia; (A.S.); (M.K.)
| | - Mária Vilková
- NMR Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia;
| | | | - Ján Mojžiš
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia;
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5
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Patan A, Aanandhi M V, P G. Molecular dynamics simulation approach of hybrid chalcone-thiazole complex derivatives for DNA gyrase B inhibition: lead generation. RSC Adv 2023; 13:24291-24308. [PMID: 37583661 PMCID: PMC10424056 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra00732d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Compounds bearing thiazole and chalcone groups have been reported to be excellent leads for antibacterial, antitubercular and anticancer activities. In view of this, we performed quantitative structure-activity relationship studies using QSARINS for dataset preparation and for developing validated QSAR models that can predict novel series of thiazole-chalcone hybrids and further evaluate them for bioactivities. The molecular descriptors AATS8i, AVP-1, MoRSEE17 and GATSe7 were found to be active in predicting the structure-activity relationship. Molecular docking and dynamics simulation studies of the developed leads have shown insights into structural analysis. Furthermore, computational studies using AutoDock and Desmond predicted the key binding interactions responsible for the activity and the SwissADME tool computed the in silico drug likeliness properties. The lead compound 178 generated through this study creates a route for the optimization and development of novel drugs against tuberculosis infections. RMSD, RMSF, RoG, H-bond and SASA analysis confirmed the stable binding of compound 178 with the 6J90 structure. In addition, MM-PBSA and MM-GBSA also confirm the docking results. We propose the designed compound 178 as the best theoretical lead, which may further be experimentally studied for selective inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afroz Patan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, VISTAS Chennai Tamil Nadu India
| | - Vijey Aanandhi M
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, VISTAS Chennai Tamil Nadu India
| | - Gopinath P
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, GITAM School of Pharmacy, GITAM University Hyderabad Telangana India
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de Resende PE, Nisler J, Voller J, Kadlecová A, Gibbons S. Antimicrobial and anthelmintic activities of aryl urea agents. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2023; 33:114-119. [PMID: 36906171 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2023.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to characterise compounds with activity against carbapenemase-expressing Gram-negative bacteria and nematodes and evaluate their cytotoxicity to non-cancerous human cells. METHODS The antimicrobial activity and toxicity of a series of phenyl-substituted urea derivatives were evaluated using broth microdilution, chitinase, and resazurin reduction assays. RESULTS The effects of different substitutions present on the nitrogen atoms of the urea backbone were investigated. Several compounds were active against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli control strains. Specifically, derivatives 7b, 11b, and 67d exhibited antimicrobial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae 16, a carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae species, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 100, 50, and 72 µM (32, 64, and 32 mg/L), respectively. In addition, the MICs obtained against a multidrug-resistant E. coli strain were 100, 50, and 36 µM (32, 16, and 16 mg/L) for the same compounds, respectively. Furthermore, the urea derivatives 18b, 29b, 50c, 51c, 52c, 55c-59c, and 62c were very active towards the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. CONCLUSIONS Testing on non-cancerous human cell lines suggested that some of the compounds have the potential to affect bacteria, especially helminths, with limited cytotoxicity to humans. Given the simplicity of synthesis for this class of compounds and their potency against Gram-negative, carbapenemase-expressing K. pneumoniae, aryl ureas possessing the 3,5-dichloro-phenyl group certainly warrant further investigation to exploit their selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Ernesto de Resende
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom.
| | - Jaroslav Nisler
- Isotope Laboratory, Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Voller
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic; Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Kadlecová
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Simon Gibbons
- Centre for Natural Products Discovery (CNPD), School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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Dos Santos ATL, de Araújo-Neto JB, Costa da Silva MM, Paulino da Silva ME, Carneiro JNP, Fonseca VJA, Coutinho HDM, Bandeira PN, Dos Santos HS, da Silva Mendes FR, Sales DL, Morais-Braga MFB. Synthesis of chalcones and their antimicrobial and drug potentiating activities. Microb Pathog 2023; 180:106129. [PMID: 37119940 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
The increased resistance of microorganisms to antimicrobial drugs makes it necessary to search for new active compounds, such as chalcones. Their simple chemical structure makes them molecules easy to synthesize. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial and potentiating activity of antibiotics and antifungals by synthetic chalcones against strains of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis. The synthesis of chalcones was carried out by Claisen-Schimidt aldol condensation. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Gas Chromatography Coupled to Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) were also performed. Microbiological tests were performed by the broth microdilution method, using gentamicin, norfloxacin and penicillin as standard drugs for the antibacterial assay, and fluconazole for the antifungal assay. Three chalcones were obtained (1E,4E)-1,5-diphenylpenta-1,4-dien-3-one (DB-Acetone), (1E,3E,6E,8E)-1,9-diphenylnone-1,3,6,8-tetraen-5-one (DB-CNM), (1E,4E)-1,5-bis (4-methoxyphenyl) penta-1,4-dien-3-one (DB-Anisal). The compound DB-Acetone was able to inhibit P. aeruginosa ATCC 9027 at a concentration of 1.4 × 102 μM (32 μg/mL), while DB-CNM and DB-Anisal inhibited the growth of S. aureus ATCC 25923 at 17.88 × 102 μM and 2.71 × 101 μM (512 μg/mL and 8 μg/mL) respectively. In the combined activity, DB-Anisal was able to potentiate the effect of the three antibacterial drugs tested against E. coli 06, norfloxacin (128 for 4 μg/mL ±1) against P. aeruginosa 24 and penicillin (1,024 for 16 μg/mL ±1) against S. aureus 10. In antifungal assays, chalcones were not able to inhibit the growth of fungal strains tested. However, both showed potentiating activity with fluconazole, ranging from 8.17 x 10-1 μM (0.4909 μg/mL) to 2.35 μM (13.96 μg/mL). It is concluded that synthetic chalcones have antimicrobial potential, demonstrating good intrinsic activity against fungi and bacteria, in addition to potentiating the antibiotics and antifungal tested. Further studies are needed addressing the mechanisms of action responsible for the results found in this work.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Débora Lima Sales
- Department of Biological Sciences, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, Ceara, Brazil
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Some Benzotriazole and Benzimidazole Derivatives as Antifungal Agents for Candida Species: A Molecular Docking Study. CHEMISTRY AFRICA 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s42250-022-00498-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
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da Silva L, Donato IA, Gonçalves CAC, Scherf JR, dos Santos HS, Mori E, Coutinho HDM, da Cunha FAB. Antibacterial potential of chalcones and its derivatives against Staphylococcus aureus. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:1. [PMID: 36466769 PMCID: PMC9712905 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03398-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Chalcones are natural substances found in the metabolism of several botanical families. Their structure consists of 1,3-diphenyl-2-propen-1-one and they are characterized by having in their chains an α, β-unsaturated carbonyl system, two phenol rings and a three-carbon chain that unites them. In plants, Chalcones are mainly involved in the biosynthesis of flavonoids and isoflavonoids through the phenylalanine derivation. This group of substances has been shown to be a viable alternative for the investigation of its antibacterial potential, considering the numerous biological activities reported and the increase of the microbial resistance that concern global health agencies. Staphylococcus aureus is a bacterium that has stood out for its ability to adapt and develop resistance to a wide variety of drugs. This literature review aimed to highlight recent advances in the use of Chalcones and derivatives as antibacterial agents against S. aureus, focusing on research articles available on the Science Direct, Pub Med and Scopus data platforms in the period 2015-2021. It was constructed informative tables that provided an overview of which types of Chalcones are being studied more (Natural or Synthetic); its chemical name and main Synthesis Methodology. From the analysis of the data, it was observed that the compounds based on Chalcones have great potential in medicinal chemistry as antibacterial agents and that the molecular skeletons of these compounds as well as their derivatives can be easily obtained through substitutions in the A and B rings of Chalcones, in order to obtain the desired bioactivity. It was verified that Chalcones and derivatives are promising agents for combating the multidrug resistance of S. aureus to drugs. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-022-03398-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa da Silva
- Laboratory of Semi-Arid Bioprospecting (LABSEMA), Department of Biological Chemistry, URCA, Crato, CE Brazil
| | - Isydorio Alves Donato
- Laboratory of Semi-Arid Bioprospecting (LABSEMA), Department of Biological Chemistry, URCA, Crato, CE Brazil
| | | | - Jackelyne Roberta Scherf
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, UFPE, Recife, PE Brazil
| | - Hélcio Silva dos Santos
- Laboratory of Chemistry of Natural and Synthetic Product, State university of Ceará, UECE, Fortaleza, CE Brazil
| | - Edna Mori
- CECAPE, College of Dentistry, Juazeiro do Norte, CE 63024-015 Brazil
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Rajendran G, Bhanu D, Aruchamy B, Ramani P, Pandurangan N, Bobba KN, Oh EJ, Chung HY, Gangadaran P, Ahn BC. Chalcone: A Promising Bioactive Scaffold in Medicinal Chemistry. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15101250. [PMID: 36297362 PMCID: PMC9607481 DOI: 10.3390/ph15101250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chalcones are a class of privileged scaffolds with high medicinal significance due to the presence of an α,β-unsaturated ketone functionality. Numerous functional modifications of chalcones have been reported, along with their pharmacological behavior. The present review aims to summarize the structures from natural sources, synthesis methods, biological characteristics against infectious and non-infectious diseases, and uses of chalcones over the past decade, and their structure–activity relationship studies are detailed in depth. This critical review provides guidelines for the future design and synthesis of various chalcones. In addition, this could be highly supportive for medicinal chemists to develop more promising candidates for various infectious and non-infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayathri Rajendran
- Dhanvanthri Laboratory, Department of Sciences, Amrita School of Physical Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore 641112, India
- Center of Excellence in Advanced Materials & Green Technologies (CoE–AMGT), Amrita School of Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore 641112, India
| | - Deepu Bhanu
- Dhanvanthri Laboratory, Department of Sciences, Amrita School of Physical Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore 641112, India
- Center of Excellence in Advanced Materials & Green Technologies (CoE–AMGT), Amrita School of Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore 641112, India
| | - Baladhandapani Aruchamy
- Dhanvanthri Laboratory, Department of Sciences, Amrita School of Physical Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore 641112, India
- Center of Excellence in Advanced Materials & Green Technologies (CoE–AMGT), Amrita School of Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore 641112, India
| | - Prasanna Ramani
- Dhanvanthri Laboratory, Department of Sciences, Amrita School of Physical Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore 641112, India
- Center of Excellence in Advanced Materials & Green Technologies (CoE–AMGT), Amrita School of Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore 641112, India
- Correspondence: (P.R.); (B.-C.A.)
| | - Nanjan Pandurangan
- Department of Sciences, Amrita School of Arts and Sciences, Mysuru Campus, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Mysuru 570026, India
| | - Kondapa Naidu Bobba
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California (San Francisco), San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Eun Jung Oh
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, CMRI, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Ho Yun Chung
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, CMRI, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Korea
- BK21 FOUR KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Prakash Gangadaran
- BK21 FOUR KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Byeong-Cheol Ahn
- BK21 FOUR KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Korea
- Correspondence: (P.R.); (B.-C.A.)
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11
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Zhai J, Li S, Fu L, Li C, Sun B, Sang F, Liu H. Structural modification and antibacterial property studies of natural chalcone sanjuanolide. Front Chem 2022; 10:959250. [PMID: 35991609 PMCID: PMC9388722 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.959250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical infections arise from multidrug-resistant bacteria and pose a serious threat to human and global public health. Moreover, due to very few antibiotics being discovered, there is an urgent need to develop new antibacterial agents to combat antimicrobial resistance challenges. In this study, a series of new chalcone derivatives bearing a 3′-hydroxyisoprenyl moiety were prepared to employ Claisen–Schmidt condensation as a key step by combinatorial chemistry, and overall yields of these novel derivatives are in the range of 28–68% in the two-step reaction. Sanjuanolide and the synthesized derivatives have been investigated for their expected antibacterial activities against Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus CMCC 26003) and Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli CMCC 44102). Among these compounds, only 4c (MIC = 12.5 μg/ml) and 4d (MIC = 25 μg/ml) exhibited antibacterial activity comparable to sanjuanolide (MIC = 12.5 μg/ml, against S. aureus CMCC 26003), and the results of subsequent in vivo experiments on sanjuanolide suggest that sanjuanolide exhibits bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects by altering the cellular structure, disrupting the integrity of cell membranes, and reducing the outer membrane potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiadai Zhai
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shucheng Li
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Lin Fu
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Chuang Li
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Bingxia Sun
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Feng Sang
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
- *Correspondence: Feng Sang, ; Hongliang Liu,
| | - Hongliang Liu
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
- *Correspondence: Feng Sang, ; Hongliang Liu,
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12
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Wang S, Song W, Lan X, Meng X, Li N, Wei X, Jing W, Lu K, Dai Y. A density functional theory study on the mechanism of simultaneous trifluoromethylation and oximation of aryl-substituted ethylenes. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/17475198221104006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The effects of different substituents, located at the para position of the aromatic ring and at the β-carbon atom of styrenes, on difunctionalizations involving trifluoromethylation and oxime formation are investigated, showing that the difunctionalization reaction has a good adaptability to such reactants containing a range of substituents. This is important in the actual production process. It was found that proton transfer in the final tautomerism step involving transformation of a nitroso intermediate into an oxime is the rate-limiting step. The solvent effect did not influence the rate-limiting step significantly. Compared with direct proton transfer in a vacuum, the energy barrier of the final tautomerism step decreased from 57.80 kcal mol−1 in vacuum to 12.98 kcal mol−1 in water occurring via mediated proton transfer, which declines by 77.5%. When water participates in the rate-limiting steps in organic solvents, the energy barrier also decreases significantly, which indicates that a small amount of water in the organic solvent is conducive to the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | | | - Xiaowei Lan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Xuan Meng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Nan Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Xianfu Wei
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Wenjie Jing
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Kui Lu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Yujie Dai
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P.R. China
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13
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Lagu SB, Yejella RP, Nissankararao S, Bhandare RR, Golla VS, Subrahmanya Lokesh BV, Rahman MM, Shaik AB. Antitubercular activity assessment of fluorinated chalcones, 2-aminopyridine-3-carbonitrile and 2-amino-4H-pyran-3-carbonitrile derivatives: In vitro, molecular docking and in-silico drug likeliness studies. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0265068. [PMID: 35709194 PMCID: PMC9202851 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of newer previously synthesized fluorinated chalcones and their 2-amino-pyridine-3-carbonitrile and 2-amino-4H-pyran-3-carbonitrile derivatives were screened for their in vitro antitubercular activity and in silico methods. Compound 40 (MIC~ 8 μM) was the most potent among all 60 compounds, whose potency is comparable with broad spectrum antibiotics like ciprofloxacin and streptomycin and three times more potent than pyrazinamide. Additionally, compound 40 was also less selective and hence non-toxic towards the human live cell lines-LO2 in its MTT assay. Compounds 30, 27, 50, 41, 51, and 60 have exhibited streptomycin like activity (MIC~16–18 μM). Fluorinated chalcones, pyridine and pyran derivatives were found to occupy prime position in thymidylate kinase enzymatic pockets in molecular docking studies. The molecule 40 being most potent had shown a binding energy of -9.67 Kcal/mol, while docking against thymidylate kinase, which was compared with its in vitro MIC value (~8 μM). These findings suggest that 2-aminopyridine-3-carbonitrile and 2-amino-4H-pyran-3-carbonitrile derivatives are prospective lead molecules for the development of novel antitubercular drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surendra Babu Lagu
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Division, Adikavi Nannaya University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Adikavi Nannaya University, Tadepalligudem, Andhra Pradesh, India
- * E-mail: (ABS); (RRB); (SBL)
| | - Rajendra Prasad Yejella
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | | | - Richie R. Bhandare
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
- Center of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
- * E-mail: (ABS); (RRB); (SBL)
| | - Venu Sampath Golla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | | | - M. Mukhlesur Rahman
- Medicines Research Group, School of Health, Sports and Bioscience, University of East London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Afzal Basha Shaik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vignan Pharmacy College, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Vadlamudi, Andhra Pradesh, India
- * E-mail: (ABS); (RRB); (SBL)
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14
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Influence of Chromatographic Conditions on LOD and LOQ of Fluoxetine and Sertraline Analyzed by TLC-Densitometric Method. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10050971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This research introduces the analysis of fluoxetine and sertraline by means of the TLC-densitometric method. They provide information on LOD and LOQ under various chromatographic conditions. The study used adsorption (NPTLC) and partition (RPTLC) thin-layer chromatography in combination with a densitometric analysis. Four types of chromatographic plates precoated with: silica gel 60 F254, silica gel 60, silanized silica gel 60 F254 (RP-2), and a mixture of silica gel 60 and kieselguhr F254, as well as three mobile phases: chloroform + methanol + ammonia (9:1:0.4, v/v/v), chloroform + methanol + glacial acetic acid (5:4:1, v/v/v), and acetone + toluene + ammonia (10:9:1, v/v/v), were used in NPTLC. RP-18F254 and silanized silica gel 60 F254 (RP-2) plates and four mobile phases: methanol + water (10:0 and 9:1, v/v), acetone + water (10:0 and 9:1, v/v), were used in RPTLC. The lowest LOD and LOQ values for fluoxetine were obtained using a silanized silica gel 60 F254 (RP-2) with acetone + toluene + ammonia (10:9:1, v/v/v) in NPTLC, and with a silanized silica gel 60 F254 (RP-2) in combination with methanol + water (10:0, v/v) in RPTLC. The lowest LOD and LOQ values of sertraline were obtained using a silica gel 60 with acetone + toluene + ammonia (10:9:1; v/v/v) in NPTLC. The smallest amount of sertraline was detected on the silanized silica gel 60 F254 plate in combination with methanol + water (9:1, v/v) in RPTLC. The obtained results provide important information that can give a good basis and set the direction for further, more detailed research; the results can also benefit other researchers who analyze fluoxetine and sertraline with the TLC technique in model systems (testing standards) as well as in drug and biological samples.
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15
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Hernawan, Purwono B, Triyono, Hanafi M. Amino-functionalized porous chitosan as a solid base catalyst for solvent-free synthesis of chalcones. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2022.104354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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16
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Zhang J, Lv J, Wang J. The crystal structure of ( E)-1-(4-aminophenyl)-3-( p-tolyl)prop-2-en-1-one, C 16H 15NO. Z KRIST-NEW CRYST ST 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/ncrs-2022-0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
C16H15NO, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 5.9233(3) Å, b = 14.5788(9) Å, c = 14.7095(9) Å, β = 99.073(2)°, V = 1254.34(13) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt
(F) = 0.0600, wRref
(F
2) = 0.1512, T = 170 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxiao Zhang
- College of Food and Medicine, Luoyang Normal University , Luoyang , China
| | - Jinyu Lv
- College of Food and Medicine, Luoyang Normal University , Luoyang , China
| | - Jiajia Wang
- College of Food and Medicine, Luoyang Normal University , Luoyang , China
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17
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Ibarra-Hernández JA, Gómez-Balderas R, Nivón-Ramírez D, García-Estrada JG, Mendoza-Jiménez DA, Martínez-Zaldívar A, Cruz-Sánchez TA, Tovar-Betancourt N, Luna-Mora RA, Penieres-Carrillo JG. Novel Compounds Based on Chalcone- and Pyrazoline-DIM Hybrids as Inhibitors of Staphylococcus aureus, Synthesis, DFT Studies, Biological Evaluation and Docking Studies. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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18
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Ammaji S, Masthanamma S, Bhandare RR, Annadurai S, Shaik AB. Antitubercular and antioxidant activities of hydroxy and chloro substituted chalcone analogues: Synthesis, biological and computational studies. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.103581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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19
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Freitas TS, Xavier JC, Pereira RLS, Rocha JE, Campina FF, de Araújo Neto JB, Silva MMC, Barbosa CRS, Marinho ES, Nogueira CES, Dos Santos HS, Coutinho HDM, Teixeira AMR. In vitro and in silico studies of chalcones derived from natural acetophenone inhibitors of NorA and MepA multidrug efflux pumps in Staphylococcus aureus. Microb Pathog 2021; 161:105286. [PMID: 34793877 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial resistance induced by efflux pumps is a frequent concern in clinical treatments involving multi-resistant bacteria. Staphylococcus aureus is a microorganism responsible for several types of infections and has several strains carrying efflux pumps, among them are the strain 1199B (NorA overexpresser), and the strain K2068 (MepA overexpresser). In this work, four chalcones derived from Croton anisodontus with modifications in the B ring in their structures were tested regarding their ability to inhibit NorA and MepA efflux pumps. The efflux pump inhibition mechanism was tested with the ethidium bromide substrate in the presence and absence of standard efflux pump inhibitors. The minimum inhibitory concentration values were also compared to those of strains that do not overexpress these efflux pumps. In order to gain some insights about the efflux pump mechanisms of these chalcones, two homology models were created (NorA and MepA) for a docking procedure. In addition, the ADME properties (absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion) were also evaluated. The tested chalcones promoted synergism of the norfloxacin antibiotic by inhibiting associated efflux pumps. All four tested chalcones appear to bind to the binding sites of the efflux pump models in the same fashion as other chalcones with efflux pump inhibition capabilities. It was also verified that the chalcones 1-4 are well absorbed in the intestine, but with a decrease in their bioavailability, resulting in a low volume of distribution in the blood plasma, in addition to having a mild CNS activity. However, the chalcone 3 and 4 were not toxic due to metabolic activation. Whereas the chalcones 1 and 2 present a mutagenic risk, depending on the oral dose administered. The tested chalcones have not antibacterial activity; however, they are capable of inhibiting efflux pumps for the 1199B and K2068 strains. They promoted synergism of the norfloxacin antibiotic by inhibiting associated efflux pumps, as well as other associated mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago S Freitas
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, CE, Brazil
| | - Jayze C Xavier
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, CE, Brazil
| | - Raimundo L S Pereira
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, CE, Brazil
| | - Janaína E Rocha
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, CE, Brazil
| | - Fábia F Campina
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, CE, Brazil
| | - José B de Araújo Neto
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, CE, Brazil
| | - Maria M C Silva
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, CE, Brazil
| | - Cristina R S Barbosa
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, CE, Brazil
| | - Emmanuel S Marinho
- Group of Theoretical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, State University of Ceará, Campus FAFIDAM, Limoeiro do Norte, CE, Brazil
| | - Carlos E S Nogueira
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, CE, Brazil; Department of Physics, Regional University of Cariri, Juazeiro do Norte, CE, Brazil
| | - Hélcio S Dos Santos
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, CE, Brazil; Center for Exact Sciences and Technology - Chemistry Course, Vale do Acaraú University, Sobral, CE, Brazil
| | - Henrique D M Coutinho
- Group of Theoretical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, State University of Ceará, Campus FAFIDAM, Limoeiro do Norte, CE, Brazil
| | - Alexandre M R Teixeira
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, CE, Brazil; Department of Physics, Regional University of Cariri, Juazeiro do Norte, CE, Brazil.
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20
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Xu S, Cao Y, Luo Y, Xiao D, Wang W, Wang Z, Yang X. Synthesis, Anti-Proliferative Evaluation and Mechanism of 4-Trifluoro Methoxy Proguanil Derivatives with Various Carbon Chain Length. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26195775. [PMID: 34641319 PMCID: PMC8510509 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26195775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Among the known biguanide drugs, proguanil has the best antiproliferative activity. In contrast, newly synthesized biguanide derivatives containing fluorine atoms have excellent biological activity, among which trifluoromethoxy compounds show the strongest ability. Preliminary work in our laboratory exhibited that n-heptyl containing proguanil derivatives on one alkyl chain side have better biological activity than those with a shorter carbon chain. However, the relationship between the length of the carbon chain and the activity of the compounds is unknown. In this study, we synthesized 10 new trifluoromethoxy-containing proguanil derivatives with various carbon chain lengths. The phenyl side is fixed as the trifluoromethoxy group with change of carbon chain length in alkyl chain side. It was found that the anti-cancer abilities of 5C-8C with n-pentyl to n-octyl groups was significantly better than that of proguanil in the five human cancer cell lines. The colony formation assay demonstrated that 6C-8C at 0.5 to 1.0 μM significantly inhibited the colony formation of human cancer cell lines, much stronger than that of proguanil. Pharmacologically, 8C activates AMPK, leading to inactivation of the mTOR/p70S6K/4EBP1 pathway. Thus, these novel compounds have a great potential for developing new anti-cancer candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simeng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Fish of Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410205, China; (S.X.); (Y.C.); (D.X.); (Z.W.)
| | - Yufang Cao
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Fish of Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410205, China; (S.X.); (Y.C.); (D.X.); (Z.W.)
| | - Yu Luo
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Innovative Material Medical Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China; (Y.L.); (W.W.)
| | - Di Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Fish of Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410205, China; (S.X.); (Y.C.); (D.X.); (Z.W.)
| | - Wei Wang
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Innovative Material Medical Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China; (Y.L.); (W.W.)
| | - Zhiren Wang
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Fish of Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410205, China; (S.X.); (Y.C.); (D.X.); (Z.W.)
| | - Xiaoping Yang
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Fish of Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410205, China; (S.X.); (Y.C.); (D.X.); (Z.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-158-7406-6132
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21
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Jasim HA, Nahar L, Jasim MA, Moore SA, Ritchie KJ, Sarker SD. Chalcones: Synthetic Chemistry Follows Where Nature Leads. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1203. [PMID: 34439870 PMCID: PMC8392591 DOI: 10.3390/biom11081203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chalcones belong to the flavonoid class of phenolic compounds. They form one of the largest groups of bioactive natural products. The potential anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antiparasitic properties of naturally occurring chalcones, and their unique chemical structural features inspired the synthesis of numerous chalcone derivatives. In fact, structural features of chalcones are easy to construct from simple aromatic compounds, and it is convenient to perform structural modifications to generate functionalized chalcone derivatives. Many of these synthetic analogs were shown to possess similar bioactivities as their natural counterparts, but often with an enhanced potency and reduced toxicity. This review article aims to demonstrate how bioinspired synthesis of chalcone derivatives can potentially introduce a new chemical space for exploitation for new drug discovery, justifying the title of this article. However, the focus remains on critical appraisal of synthesized chalcones and their derivatives for their bioactivities, linking to their interactions at the biomolecular level where appropriate, and revealing their possible mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiba A. Jasim
- Centre for Natural Products Discovery (CNPD), School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, James Parsons Building, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK; (H.A.J.); (S.D.S.)
- Department of Biology, College of Education for Pure Sciences, University of Anbar, Al-Anbar 10081, Iraq
| | - Lutfun Nahar
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR & Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Mohammad A. Jasim
- Department of Biology, College of Education for Women, University of Anbar, Al-Anbar 10081, Iraq;
| | - Sharon A. Moore
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, UK;
| | - Kenneth J. Ritchie
- Centre for Natural Products Discovery (CNPD), School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, James Parsons Building, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK; (H.A.J.); (S.D.S.)
| | - Satyajit D. Sarker
- Centre for Natural Products Discovery (CNPD), School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, James Parsons Building, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK; (H.A.J.); (S.D.S.)
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22
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Konidala SK, Kotra V, Danduga RCSR, Kola PK, Bhandare RR, Shaik AB. Design, multistep synthesis and in-vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant screening of coumarin clubbed chalcone hybrids through molecular hybridization approach. ARAB J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.103154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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23
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Kasetti AB, Singhvi I, Nagasuri R, Bhandare RR, Shaik AB. Thiazole-Chalcone Hybrids as Prospective Antitubercular and Antiproliferative Agents: Design, Synthesis, Biological, Molecular Docking Studies and In Silico ADME Evaluation. Molecules 2021; 26:2847. [PMID: 34064806 PMCID: PMC8151732 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26102847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Compounds bearing thiazole and chalcone pharmacophores have been reported to possess excellent antitubercular and anticancer activities. In view of this, we designed, synthesized and characterized a novel series of thiazole-chalcone hybrids (1-20) and further evaluated them for antitubercular and antiproliferative activities by employing standard protocols. Among the twenty compounds, chalcones 12 and 7, containing 2,4-difluorophenyl and 2,4-dichlorophenyl groups, showed potential antitubercular activity higher than the standard pyrazinamide (MIC = 25.34 µM) with MICs of 2.43 and 4.41 µM, respectively. Chalcone 20 containing heteroaryl 2-thiazolyl moiety exhibited promising antiproliferative activity against the prostate cancer cell line (DU-145), higher than the standard methotrexate (IC50 = 11 ± 1 µM) with an IC50 value of 6.86 ± 1 µM. Furthermore, cytotoxicity studies of these compounds against normal human liver cell lines (L02) revealed that the target molecules were comparatively less selective against L02. Additional computational studies using AutoDock predicted the key binding interactions responsible for the activity and the SwissADME tool computed the in silico drug likeliness properties. The lead compounds generated through this study, create a way for the optimization and development of novel drugs against tuberculosis infections and prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Babu Kasetti
- Research Scholar, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pacific Academy of Higher Education and Research University, Pacific University, Udaipur 313003, India
- Dr. Samuel George Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Markapuram, Andhra Pradesh 523316, India
| | - Indrajeet Singhvi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Pacific Academy of Higher Education and Research University, Pacific University, Udaipur 313003, India;
| | - Ravindra Nagasuri
- A.M. Reddy Memorial College of Pharmacy, Narasaraopeta, Andhra Pradesh 523316, India;
| | - Richie R. Bhandare
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates
- Center of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates
| | - Afzal B. Shaik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vignan Pharmacy College, Vadlamudi, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh 522213, India
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24
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Uchil A, Murali TS, Nayak R. Escaping ESKAPE: A chalcone perspective. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2021.100229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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