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El-Shiekh RA, Okba MM, Mandour AA, Kutkat O, Elshimy R, Nagaty HA, Ashour RM. Eucalyptus Oils Phytochemical Composition in Correlation with Their Newly Explored Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Potential: in Vitro and in Silico Approaches. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2024:10.1007/s11130-024-01159-w. [PMID: 38492174 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-024-01159-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the latest arisen contagious respiratory pathogen related to the global outbreak of atypical pneumonia pandemic (COVID-19). The essential oils (EOs) of Eucalyptus camaldulensis, E. ficifolia F. Muell., E. citriodora Hook, E. globulus Labill, E. sideroxylon Cunn. ex Woolls, and E. torquata Luehm. were investigated for its antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2. The EOs phytochemical composition was determined using GC/MS analysis. Correlation with the explored antiviral activity was also studied using multi-variate data analysis and Pearson's correlation. The antiviral MTT and cytopathic effect inhibition assays revealed very potent and promising anti SARS-CoV-2 potential for E. citriodora EO (IC50 = 0.00019 µg/mL and SI = 26.27). The multivariate analysis revealed α-pinene, α-terpinyl acetate, globulol, γ -terpinene, and pinocarvone were the main biomarkers for E. citriodora oil. Pearson's correlation revealed that globulol is the top positively correlated compound in E. citriodora oil to its newly explored potent anti SARS-CoV-2 potential. A molecular simulation was performed on globulol via docking in the main active sites of both SARS-CoV-2 viral main protease (Mpro) and spike protein (S). In silico predictive ADMET study was also developed to investigate the pharmacokinetic profile and predict globulol toxicity. The obtained in silico, in vitro and Pearson's correlation results were aligned showing promising SARS-CoV-2 inhibitory activity of E. citriodora and globulol. This study is a first record for E. citriodora EO as a novel lead exhibiting potent in vitro, and in silico anti SARS-CoV-2 potential and suggesting its component globulol as a promising candidate for further extensive in silico, in vitro and in vivo anti-COVID studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riham A El-Shiekh
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Mona M Okba
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
| | - Asmaa A Mandour
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt (FUE), Cairo, 11835, Egypt
| | - Omnia Kutkat
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza, 12622, Egypt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Rana Elshimy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Egyptian Drug Authority, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hany A Nagaty
- School of Information Technology and Computer Science, Nile University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Rehab M Ashour
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
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Torres Neto L, Monteiro MLG, da Silva BD, Galvan D, Conte-Junior CA. Oil-in-water emulsion loaded with optimized antioxidant blend improved the shelf-life of trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fillets: a study with simplex-centroid design. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4810. [PMID: 38413720 PMCID: PMC10899203 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55308-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to obtain optimized mixture with three essential oils (EOs) for maximum antioxidant activity through the augmented simplex-centroid mixture design and evaluate the effect of this optimized blend on total aerobic psychrotrophic count (TAPC), lipid and protein oxidation, instrumental color parameters and texture profile in rainbow trout fillets at refrigerated storage for nine days. Considering the DPPH and FRAP assays, the ideal EO blend was 66% lemongrass and 34% oregano. During refrigerated storage, this blend at 2000 ppm was equally effective as BHT (100 ppm) (p > 0.05), mitigating the discoloration (a* and b*), lipid, and protein oxidation in 38.83%, 12.95%, 76.13%, and 35.13%, respectively, besides shows greater effectiveness for preserving texture changes (p < 0.05) and extending the shelf life in 13 h. The lemongrass + oregano EO blend reveals a promising natural alternative to enhance the quality of rainbow trout fillets under refrigerated storage. Furthermore, the multiresponse optimization showed to be a strong ally in enabling the use of these EOs by food industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Torres Neto
- Center for Food Analysis of Technological Development Support Laboratory (NAL; LADETEC), Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Avenida Horácio Macedo, Bloco C, 1281 - Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-598, Brazil.
- Graduate Program in Food Science (PPGCAL), Institute of Chemistry of Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (IQ; UFRJ), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-909, Brazil.
| | - Maria Lucia G Monteiro
- Center for Food Analysis of Technological Development Support Laboratory (NAL; LADETEC), Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Avenida Horácio Macedo, Bloco C, 1281 - Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-598, Brazil.
- Graduate Program in Food Science (PPGCAL), Institute of Chemistry of Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (IQ; UFRJ), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-909, Brazil.
- Graduate Program in Veterinary Hygiene (PPGHV), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Vital Brazil Filho, Niterói, RJ, 24220-000, Brazil.
| | - Bruno D da Silva
- Center for Food Analysis of Technological Development Support Laboratory (NAL; LADETEC), Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Avenida Horácio Macedo, Bloco C, 1281 - Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-598, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Food Science (PPGCAL), Institute of Chemistry of Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (IQ; UFRJ), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-909, Brazil
| | - Diego Galvan
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianopolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Carlos A Conte-Junior
- Center for Food Analysis of Technological Development Support Laboratory (NAL; LADETEC), Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Avenida Horácio Macedo, Bloco C, 1281 - Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-598, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Food Science (PPGCAL), Institute of Chemistry of Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (IQ; UFRJ), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-909, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Veterinary Hygiene (PPGHV), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Vital Brazil Filho, Niterói, RJ, 24220-000, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Sanitary Surveillance (PPGVS), National Institute of Health Quality Control of Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (INCQS; FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-900, Brazil
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Iyigundogdu Z, Petek BS, Capkin Yurtsever M, Ceylan S. Melissa officinalisessential oil loaded polycaprolactone membranes: evaluation of antimicrobial activities and cytocompatibility for tissue engineering applications. Biomed Mater 2023; 18:065012. [PMID: 37741274 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/acfc9d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial biomaterials play important role in tissue engineering applications to protect damaged tissue from infections. The aim of this study is producing antimicrobial polycaprolactone (PCL) membranes by using a plant based antimicrobial agent. Therefore,Melissa officinalisessential oil (MEO) was investigated against ten types of microorganisms and remarkable antimicrobial activity was demonstrated. PCL:MEO membranes were prepared by solvent casting method by mixing MEO into PCL in various ratios (PCL:0M, PCL:0.25M, PCL:0.5M, and PCL:1M w/w). Water contact angle measurements showed that hydrophilicity of the membranes increased with increasing concentrations of MEO from 103.44° to 83.36° for PCL:0M and PCL:1M, respectively. It was determined that there was an inverse relationship between the MEO concentration and the mechanical properties. Notable antioxidant activity of PCL/MEO membranes was exhibited by the inhibition percent of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) which was increased from 24.74% to 44.79% for PCL:0M and PCL:1M, respectively. The antimicrobial activity of MEO was also highly maintained in PCL membranes. For PCL/MEO membranes, at least 99.9% of microorganisms were inhibited. Cytocompatibility of the membranes were investigated by resazurin assay, scanning electron microscopy analysis and 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining. PCL:0.25M and PCL:0.5M membranes supported the viability of L929 cells more than 87% when compared to PCL:0M membranes on day 6. However, the viability of L929 cells on PCL:1M membranes was about 43% indicating significant decrease on cellular activity. In conclusion, PCL:0.25M and PCL:0.5M membranes with their high antimicrobial activity, acceptable mechanical properties and cytocompatible properties, they can be considered as an alternative biomaterial for tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Iyigundogdu
- Department of Bioengineering, Adana Alparslan Turkes Science and Technology University, Adana, Türkiye
| | - Betül Sena Petek
- Department of Bioengineering, Adana Alparslan Turkes Science and Technology University, Adana, Türkiye
| | - Merve Capkin Yurtsever
- Department of Bioengineering, Adana Alparslan Turkes Science and Technology University, Adana, Türkiye
| | - Seda Ceylan
- Department of Bioengineering, Adana Alparslan Turkes Science and Technology University, Adana, Türkiye
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Chen J, Zhou X, Fu L, Xu H. Natural Product-Based Screening for Lead Compounds Targeting SARS CoV-2 M pro. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:767. [PMID: 37242550 PMCID: PMC10222270 DOI: 10.3390/ph16050767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Drugs that cure COVID-19 have been marketed; however, this disease continues to ravage the world without becoming extinct, and thus, drug discoveries are still relevant. Since Mpro has known advantages as a drug target, such as the conserved nature of the active site and the absence of homologous proteins in the body, it receives the attention of many researchers. Meanwhile, the role of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in the control of epidemics in China has also led to a focus on natural products, with the hope of finding some promising lead molecules through screening. In this study, we selected a commercial library of 2526 natural products from plants, animals and microorganisms with known biological activity for drug discovery, which had previously been reported for compound screening of the SARS CoV-2 S protein, but had not been tested on Mpro. This library contains compounds from a variety of Chinese herbs, including Lonicerae Japonicae Flos, Forsythiae Fructus and Scutellariae Radix, which are derived from traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions that have been shown to be effective against COVID-19. We used the conventional FRET method for the initial screening. After two rounds of selection, the remaining 86 compounds were divided into flavonoids, lipids, phenylpropanoids, phenols, quinones, alkaloids, terpenoids and steroids according to the skeleton structures, with inhibition rates greater than 70%. The top compounds in each group were selected to test the effective concentration ranges; the IC50 values were as follows: (-)-gallocatechin gallate (1.522 ± 0.126 μM), ginkgolic acid C15:1 (9.352 ± 0.531 μM), hematoxylin (1.025 ± 0.042 μM), fraxetin (2.486 ± 0.178 μM), wedelolactone (1.003 ± 0.238 μM), hydroxytyrosol acetate (3.850 ± 0.576 μM), vanitiolide (2.837 ± 0.225 μM), β,β-dimethylacrylalkannin (2.731 ± 0.308 μM), melanin (7.373 ± 0.368 μM) and cholesteryl sodium sulfate (2.741 ± 0.234μM). In the next step, we employed two biophysical techniques, SPR and nanoDSF, to obtain KD/Kobs values: hematoxylin (0.7 μM), (-)-gallocatechin gallate (126 μM), ginkgolic acid C15:1 (227 μM), wedelolactone (0.9770 μM), β,β-dimethylacrylalkannin (1.9004 μM,), cholesteryl sodium sulfate (7.5950 μM) and melanin (11.5667 μM), which allowed better assessments of the binding levels. Here, seven compounds were the winners. Then, molecular docking experiments were specially performed by AutoDock Vina to analyze the mode of interactions within Mpro and ligands. We finally formulated the present in silico study to predict pharmacokinetic parameters as well as drug-like properties, which is presumably the step that tells humans whether the compounds are drug-like or not. Moreover, hematoxylin, melanin, wedelolactone, β,β-dimethylacrylalkannin and cholesteryl sodium sulfate are in full compliance with the "Lipinski" principle and possess reasonable ADME/T properties, they have a greater potential of being lead compounds. The proposed five compounds are also the first to be found to have potential inhibitory effects on SARS CoV-2 Mpro. We hope that the results in this manuscript may serve as benchmarks for the above potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
- School of Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Medical Products Administration, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
- State Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug and Efficient Energy-Saving Pharmaceutical Equipment, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Lifeng Fu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Haiyu Xu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
- Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Medical Products Administration, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
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Kato LS, Lelis CA, da Silva BD, Galvan D, Conte-Junior CA. Micro- and nanoencapsulation of natural phytochemicals: Challenges and recent perspectives for the food and nutraceuticals industry applications. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2023; 104:77-137. [PMID: 37236735 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2022.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Worldwide, there has been growing interest in the research, development, and commercialization of functional bioactive components and nutraceuticals. As a result of consumer awareness of the relationship between diet, health, and disease, the consumption of plant-derived bioactive components has recently increased in the past two decades. Phytochemicals are bioactive nutrient plant chemicals in fruits, vegetables, grains, and other plant foods that may provide desirable health benefits beyond essential nutrition. They may reduce the risk of major chronic diseases, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, osteoporosis, diabetes, high blood pressure, and psychotic diseases and have antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antifungal properties, cholesterol-lowering, antithrombotic, or anti-inflammatory effects. Phytochemicals have been recently studied and explored for various purposes, such as pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, flavors, fragrances, coloring agents, biopesticides, and food additives. These compounds are known as secondary metabolites and are commonly classified as polyphenols, terpenoids (terpenes), tocotrienols and tocopherols, carotenoids, alkaloids and other nitrogen-containing metabolites, stilbenes and lignans, phenolic acids, and glucosinates. Thus, this chapter aims to define the general chemistry, classification, and essential sources of phytochemicals, as well as describe the potential application of phytochemicals in the food and nutraceuticals industry, explaining the main properties of interest of the different compounds. Finally, the leading technologies involving micro and nanoencapsulation of phytochemicals are extensively detailed to protect them against degradation and enhance their solubility, bioavailability, and better applicability in the pharmaceutical, food, and nutraceutical industry. The main challenges and perspectives are detailed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian Seiko Kato
- Center for Food Analysis (NAL), Technological Development Support Laboratory (LADETEC), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Laboratory of Advanced Analysis in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (LAABBM), Department of Biochemistry, UFRJ, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Graduate Program in Food Science (PPGCAL), Institute of Chemistry (IQ), UFRJ, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Carini Aparecida Lelis
- Center for Food Analysis (NAL), Technological Development Support Laboratory (LADETEC), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Laboratory of Advanced Analysis in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (LAABBM), Department of Biochemistry, UFRJ, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Graduate Program in Food Science (PPGCAL), Institute of Chemistry (IQ), UFRJ, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Graduate Program in Chemistry (PGQu), IQ, UFRJ, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Graduate Program in Sanitary Surveillance (PPGVS), National Institute of Health Quality Control (INCQS), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Bruno Dutra da Silva
- Center for Food Analysis (NAL), Technological Development Support Laboratory (LADETEC), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Laboratory of Advanced Analysis in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (LAABBM), Department of Biochemistry, UFRJ, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Graduate Program in Food Science (PPGCAL), Institute of Chemistry (IQ), UFRJ, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Diego Galvan
- Center for Food Analysis (NAL), Technological Development Support Laboratory (LADETEC), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Laboratory of Advanced Analysis in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (LAABBM), Department of Biochemistry, UFRJ, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Graduate Program in Chemistry (PGQu), IQ, UFRJ, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Carlos Adam Conte-Junior
- Center for Food Analysis (NAL), Technological Development Support Laboratory (LADETEC), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Laboratory of Advanced Analysis in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (LAABBM), Department of Biochemistry, UFRJ, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Graduate Program in Food Science (PPGCAL), Institute of Chemistry (IQ), UFRJ, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Graduate Program in Chemistry (PGQu), IQ, UFRJ, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Graduate Program in Sanitary Surveillance (PPGVS), National Institute of Health Quality Control (INCQS), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Graduate Program in Veterinary Hygiene (PPGHV), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Vital Brazil Filho, Niterói, RJ, Brazil; Residue Analysis Laboratory (LAB RES), Technological Development Support Laboratory (LADETEC), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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Antiviral Molecular Targets of Essential Oils against SARS-CoV-2: A Systematic Review. Sci Pharm 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/scipharm91010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Essential oils are potential therapeutics for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), in which some of the volatile compounds of essential oils have been well known for their broad antiviral activities. These therapeutic candidates have been shown to regulate the excessive secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which underlies the pathogenesis of severe COVID-19. We aimed to identify molecular targets of essential oils in disrupting the cell entry and replication of SARS-CoV-2, hence being active as antivirals. Literature searches were performed on PubMed, Scopus, Scillit, and CaPlus/SciFinder (7 December 2022) with a truncated title implying the anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity of essential oil. Data were collected from the eligible studies and described narratively. Quality appraisal was performed on the included studies. A total of eight studies were included in this review; four of which used enzyme inhibition assay, one—pseudo-SARS-CoV-2 culture; two—whole SARS-CoV-2 culture; and one—ACE2-expressing cancer cells. Essential oils may prevent the SARS-CoV-2 infection by targeting its receptors on the cells (ACE2 and TMPRSS2). Menthol, 1,8-cineole, and camphor are among the volatile compounds which serve as potential ACE2 blockers. β-caryophyllene may selectively target the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and inhibit viral entry. Other interactions with SARS-CoV-2 proteases and RdRp are observed based on molecular docking. In conclusion, essential oils could target proteins related to the SARS-CoV-2 entry and replication. Further studies with improved and uniform study designs should be carried out to optimize essential oils as COVID-19 therapies.
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Refaat Fahim J, Darwish AG, El Zawily A, Wells J, Abourehab MA, Yehia Desoukey S, Zekry Attia E. Exploring the volatile metabolites of three Chorisia species: Comparative headspace GC–MS, multivariate chemometrics, chemotaxonomic significance, and anti-SARS-CoV-2 potential. Saudi Pharm J 2023; 31:706-726. [PMID: 37181141 PMCID: PMC10172601 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2023.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Chorisia (syn. Ceiba) species are important ornamental, economic, and medicinal plants that are endowed with a diversity of secondary metabolites; however, their volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have been scarcely studied. Therefore, this work explores and compares the headspace floral volatiles of three common Chorisia species, namely Chorisia chodatii Hassl., Chorisia speciosa A. St.-Hil, and Chorisia insignis H.B.K. for the first time. A total of 112 VOCs of varied biosynthetic origins were identified at different qualitative and quantitative ratios, encompassing isoprenoids, fatty acid derivatives, phenylpropanoids, and others. Flowers of the investigated species showed perceptibly differentiated volatile profiles, with those emitted by C. insignis being dominated by non-oxygenated compounds (56.69 %), whereas oxygenated derivatives prevailed among the volatiles of C. chodatii (66.04 %) and C. speciosa (71.53 %). The variable importance in the projection (VIP) in the partial least-squares-discriminant (PLS-DA) analysis described 25 key compounds among the studied species, of which linalool was verified as the most important aroma compound based on VIP values and significance analysis, and it could represent the most typical VOC among these Chorisia species. Furthermore, molecular docking and dynamics analyses of both the major and the key VOCs displayed their moderate to promising binding interactions with four main proteins of SARS-CoV-2, including Mpro, PLpro, RdRp, and spike S1 subunit RBD. The current results collectively cast new light on the chemical diversity of the VOCs of Chorisia plants as well as their chemotaxonomic and biological relevance.
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Torres Neto L, Monteiro MLG, Fernández-Romero J, Teleshova N, Sailer J, Conte Junior CA. Essential oils block cellular entry of SARS-CoV-2 delta variant. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20639. [PMID: 36450916 PMCID: PMC9709744 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25342-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Aiming to fill a gap in the literature, we aimed to identify the most promising EOs blocking in vitro cellular entry of SARS-CoV-2 delta variant without conferring human cytotoxicity and provide insights into the influence of their composition on these activities. Twelve EOs were characterized by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. The antiviral and cytotoxicity activities were determined using the cell-based pseudoviral entry with SARS-CoV-2 delta pseudovirus and the XTT assay in HeLa cells expressing human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (HeLa ACE-2), respectively. Syzygium aromaticum, Cymbopogon citratus, Citrus limon, Pelargonium graveolens, Origanum vulgare, "Illicium verum", and Matricaria recutita showed EC50 lowered or close to 1 µg/mL but also the lowest CC50 (0.20-1.70 µg/mL), except "I. verum" (30.00 µg/mL). Among these, "I. verum", C. limon, P. graveolens and S. aromaticum proved to be promising alternatives for SARS-CoV-2 delta variant inhibition (therapeutic index above 4), which possibly was related to the compounds (E)-anetole, limonene and beta-pinene, citronellol, and eugenol, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Torres Neto
- Center for Food Analysis (NAL), Technological Development Support Laboratory (LADETEC), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-598 Brazil ,grid.8536.80000 0001 2294 473XLaboratory of Advanced Analysis in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (LAABBM), Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-909 Brazil ,grid.8536.80000 0001 2294 473XGraduate Program in Food Science (PPGCAL), Institute of Chemistry (IQ), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária, Avenida Athos da Silveira Ramos, N. 149, Bloco A, 5° Andar, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-909 Brazil
| | - Maria Lúcia Guerra Monteiro
- Center for Food Analysis (NAL), Technological Development Support Laboratory (LADETEC), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-598 Brazil ,grid.8536.80000 0001 2294 473XLaboratory of Advanced Analysis in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (LAABBM), Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-909 Brazil ,grid.8536.80000 0001 2294 473XGraduate Program in Food Science (PPGCAL), Institute of Chemistry (IQ), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária, Avenida Athos da Silveira Ramos, N. 149, Bloco A, 5° Andar, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-909 Brazil ,grid.411173.10000 0001 2184 6919Graduate Program in Veterinary Hygiene (PPGHV), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Vital Brazil Filho, Niterói, RJ 24220-000 Brazil
| | - José Fernández-Romero
- grid.253205.30000 0004 0387 4272Science Department, Borough of Manhattan Community College, The City University of New York, 199 Chambers Street, Science Department Room N699, New York, NY 10007 USA ,grid.250540.60000 0004 0441 8543Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065 USA
| | - Natalia Teleshova
- grid.250540.60000 0004 0441 8543Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065 USA
| | - James Sailer
- grid.250540.60000 0004 0441 8543Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065 USA
| | - Carlos Adam Conte Junior
- Center for Food Analysis (NAL), Technological Development Support Laboratory (LADETEC), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-598 Brazil ,grid.8536.80000 0001 2294 473XLaboratory of Advanced Analysis in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (LAABBM), Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-909 Brazil ,grid.8536.80000 0001 2294 473XGraduate Program in Food Science (PPGCAL), Institute of Chemistry (IQ), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária, Avenida Athos da Silveira Ramos, N. 149, Bloco A, 5° Andar, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-909 Brazil ,grid.411173.10000 0001 2184 6919Graduate Program in Veterinary Hygiene (PPGHV), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Vital Brazil Filho, Niterói, RJ 24220-000 Brazil ,grid.418068.30000 0001 0723 0931Graduate Program in Sanitary Surveillance (PPGVS), National Institute of Health Quality Control (INCQS), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-900 Brazil
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An Optimization of Oregano, Thyme, and Lemongrass Essential Oil Blend to Simultaneous Inactivation of Relevant Foodborne Pathogens by Simplex–Centroid Mixture Design. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11111572. [PMID: 36358227 PMCID: PMC9686886 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11111572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: This study aimed to use the simplex–centroid mixture design methodology coupled with a microdilution assay to predict optimal essential oil (EO) formulations against three potential foodborne pathogens simultaneously through the desirability (D) function. (2) Methods: Oregano (ORE; Origanum vulgare), thyme (THY; Thymus vulgaris), and lemongrass (LG; Cymbopogon citratus) and their blends were evaluated concerning minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) for Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. (3) Results: THY combined with ORE or LG were the most promising EO formulations in inhibiting and killing each bacterium separately. Regarding the simultaneous effect, the optimal proportion for maximum inhibition was composed of 75% ORE, 15% THY, and 10% LG, while for maximum inactivation was 50% ORE, 40% THY, and 10% LG. (4) Conclusion: The multiresponse optimization allowed identifying an EO blend to simultaneously control three potential foodborne pathogens. This first report could be a helpful natural and green alternative for the industry to produce safer food products and mitigate public health risks.
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Ćavar Zeljković S, Schadich E, Džubák P, Hajdúch M, Tarkowski P. Antiviral Activity of Selected Lamiaceae Essential Oils and Their Monoterpenes Against SARS-Cov-2. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:893634. [PMID: 35586050 PMCID: PMC9108200 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.893634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study presents the very first report on the in vitro antiviral activity of selected essential oils of Lamiaceae plant species and their monoterpenes against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Nineteen essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation of dried plant material, and their monoterpene profiles were determined. In addition, the exact concentrations of each monoterpene that were found at a significant level were defined. Both essential oils and their monoterpene components were tested for cytotoxic and antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 in infected Vero 76 cells. The results showed that the essential oils of four Mentha species, i.e., M. aquatica L. cv. Veronica, M. pulegium L., M. microphylla K.Koch, and M. x villosa Huds., but also Micromeria thymifolia (Scop.) Fritsch and Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam., and five different monoterpenes, i.e., carvacrol, carvone, 1,8-cineol, menthofuran, and pulegone, inhibited the SARS-CoV-2 replication in the infected cells. However, the antiviral activity varied both among essential oils and monoterpenes. Carvone and carvacrol exhibited moderate antiviral activity with IC50 concentrations of 80.23 ± 6.07 μM and 86.55 ± 12.73 μM, respectively, while the other monoterpenes were less active (IC50 > 100.00 μM). Structure-activity relations of related monoterpenes showed that the presence of keto and hydroxyl groups is associated with the activity of carvone and carvacrol, respectively. Furthermore, the carvone-rich essential oil of M. x villosa had the greatest activity among all active essential oils (IC50 127.00 ± 4.63 ppm) while the other active oils exhibited mild (140 ppm < IC50 < 200 ppm) to weak antiviral activity (IC50 > 200 ppm). Both essential oils and monoterpenes showed limited or no cytotoxicity against Vero 76 cells. Hierarchical cluster analysis showed that the differences in the antiviral activity of essential oils were directly attributed to the antiviral efficacies of their particular single monoterpenes. The findings presented here on the novel antiviral property of plant essential oils and monoterpenes might be used in the development of different measures against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanja Ćavar Zeljković
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Department of Genetic Resources for Vegetables, Medicinal and Special Plants, Crop Research Institute, Olomouc, Czechia
- Centre of Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czechia
- *Correspondence: Sanja Ćavar Zeljković, ,
| | - Ermin Schadich
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Petr Džubák
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czechia
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Marián Hajdúch
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czechia
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Petr Tarkowski
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Department of Genetic Resources for Vegetables, Medicinal and Special Plants, Crop Research Institute, Olomouc, Czechia
- Centre of Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czechia
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Mohamed ME, Tawfeek N, Elbaramawi SS, Fikry E. Agathis robusta Bark Essential Oil Effectiveness against COVID-19: Chemical Composition, In Silico and In Vitro Approaches. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:663. [PMID: 35270131 PMCID: PMC8912836 DOI: 10.3390/plants11050663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2), the causative agent of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), has seriously threatened global health. Alongside the approved vaccines, the discovery of prospective anti-COVID-19 drugs has been progressively targeted. Essential oils (EOs) provide a rich source of compounds with valuable antiviral activities that may contribute as effective agents against COVID-19. In this study, the EO of Agathus robusta bark was investigated for its chemical composition and its antiviral activity against SARS-CoV2. Overall, 26 constituents were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. α-Pinene, tricyclene, α-terpineol, limonene, d-camphene, trans-pinocarveol, α-phellandren-8-ol, L-β-pinene and borneol were the major components. In silico docking of these constituents against viral key enzymes, spike receptor-binding domain (RBD), main protease (Mpro) and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), using Molecular Operating Environment (MOE) software revealed good binding affinities of the components to the active site of the selected targets, especially, the RBD. In Vitro antiviral MTT and cytopathic effect inhibition assays demonstrated a promising anti SARS-CoV2 for A. robusta bark EO, with a significant selectivity index of 17.5. The results suggested using this EO or its individual components for the protection against or treatment of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maged E. Mohamed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nora Tawfeek
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt; (N.T.); (E.F.)
| | - Samar S. Elbaramawi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt;
| | - Eman Fikry
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt; (N.T.); (E.F.)
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