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Munekane M, Fuchigami T, Ogawa K. Recent advances in the development of 225Ac- and 211At-labeled radioligands for radiotheranostics. ANAL SCI 2024; 40:803-826. [PMID: 38564087 PMCID: PMC11035452 DOI: 10.1007/s44211-024-00514-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Radiotheranostics utilizes a set of radioligands incorporating diagnostic or therapeutic radionuclides to achieve both diagnosis and therapy. Imaging probes using diagnostic radionuclides have been used for systemic cancer imaging. Integration of therapeutic radionuclides into the imaging probes serves as potent agents for radionuclide therapy. Among them, targeted alpha therapy (TAT) is a promising next-generation cancer therapy. The α-particles emitted by the radioligands used in TAT result in a high linear energy transfer over a short range, inducing substantial damage to nearby cells surrounding the binding site. Therefore, the key to successful cancer treatment with minimal side effects by TAT depends on the selective delivery of radioligands to their targets. Recently, TAT agents targeting biomolecules highly expressed in various cancer cells, such as sodium/iodide symporter, norepinephrine transporter, somatostatin receptor, αvβ3 integrin, prostate-specific membrane antigen, fibroblast-activation protein, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 have been developed and have made remarkable progress toward clinical application. In this review, we focus on two radionuclides, 225Ac and 211At, which are expected to have a wide range of applications in TAT. We also introduce recent fundamental and clinical studies of radiopharmaceuticals labeled with these radionuclides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Munekane
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-Machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Takeshi Fuchigami
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-Machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan.
| | - Kazuma Ogawa
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-Machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan.
- Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-Machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan.
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2
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Morgan KA, Wichmann CW, Osellame LD, Cao Z, Guo N, Scott AM, Donnelly PS. Tumor targeted alpha particle therapy with an actinium-225 labelled antibody for carbonic anhydrase IX. Chem Sci 2024; 15:3372-3381. [PMID: 38425522 PMCID: PMC10901495 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc06365h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Selective antibody targeted delivery of α particle emitting actinium-225 to tumors has significant therapeutic potential. This work highlights the design and synthesis of a new bifunctional macrocyclic diazacrown ether chelator, H2MacropaSqOEt, that can be conjugated to antibodies and forms stable complexes with actinium-225. The macrocyclic diazacrown ether chelator incorporates a linker comprised of a short polyethylene glycol fragment and a squaramide ester that allows selective reaction with lysine residues on antibodies to form stable vinylogous amide linkages. This new H2MacropaSqOEt chelator was used to modify a monoclonal antibody, girentuximab (hG250), that binds to carbonic anhydrase IX, an enzyme that is overexpressed on the surface of cancers such as clear cell renal cell carcinoma. This new antibody conjugate (H2MacropaSq-hG250) had an average chelator to antibody ratio of 4 : 1 and retained high affinity for carbonic anhydrase IX. H2MacropaSq-hG250 was radiolabeled quantitatively with [225Ac]AcIII within one minute at room temperature with micromolar concentrations of antibody and the radioactive complex is stable in human serum for >7 days. Evaluation of [225Ac]Ac(MacropaSq-hG250) in a mouse xenograft model, that overexpresses carbonic anhydrase IX, demonstrated a highly significant therapeutic response. It is likely that H2MacropaSqOEt could be used to modify other antibodies providing a readily adaptable platform for other actinium-225 based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A Morgan
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne Melbourne Australia
| | - Christian W Wichmann
- Tumour Targeting Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute Melbourne Australia
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University Melbourne Australia
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy Austin Health Melbourne Australia
| | - Laura D Osellame
- Tumour Targeting Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute Melbourne Australia
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University Melbourne Australia
| | - Zhipeng Cao
- Tumour Targeting Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute Melbourne Australia
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University Melbourne Australia
| | - Nancy Guo
- Tumour Targeting Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute Melbourne Australia
| | - Andrew M Scott
- Tumour Targeting Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute Melbourne Australia
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University Melbourne Australia
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy Austin Health Melbourne Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne Melbourne Australia
| | - Paul S Donnelly
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne Melbourne Australia
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3
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Annušová A, Labudová M, Truchan D, Hegedűšová V, Švajdlenková H, Mičušík M, Kotlár M, Pribusová Slušná L, Hulman M, Salehtash F, Kálosi A, Csáderová L, Švastová E, Šiffalovič P, Jergel M, Pastoreková S, Majková E. Selective Tumor Hypoxia Targeting Using M75 Antibody Conjugated Photothermally Active MoO x Nanoparticles. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:44497-44513. [PMID: 38046334 PMCID: PMC10688043 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c01934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Photothermal therapy (PTT) mediated at the nanoscale has a unique advantage over currently used cancer treatments, by being spatially highly specific and minimally invasive. Although PTT combats traditional tumor treatment approaches, its clinical implementation has not yet been successful. The reasons for its disadvantage include an insufficient treatment efficiency or low tumor accumulation. Here, we present a promising new PTT platform combining a recently emerged two-dimensional (2D) inorganic nanomaterial, MoOx, and a tumor hypoxia targeting element, the monoclonal antibody M75. M75 specifically binds to carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX), a hypoxia marker associated with many solid tumors with a poor prognosis. The as-prepared nanoconjugates showed highly specific binding to cancer cells expressing CAIX while being able to produce significant photothermal yield after irradiation with near-IR wavelengths. Small aminophosphonic acid linkers were recognized to be more effective over the combination of poly(ethylene glycol) chain and biotin-avidin-biotin bridge in constructing a PTT platform with high tumor-binding efficacy. The in vitro cellular uptake of nanoconjugates was visualized by high-resolution fluorescence microscopy and label-free live cell confocal Raman microscopy. The key to effective cancer treatment may be the synergistic employment of active targeting and noninvasive, tumor-selective therapeutic approaches, such as nanoscale-mediated PTT. The use of active targeting can streamline nanoparticle delivery increasing photothermal yield and therapeutic success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Annušová
- Institute
of Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 11 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Centre
for Advanced Materials Application, Slovak
Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845
11 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Martina Labudová
- Centre
for Advanced Materials Application, Slovak
Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845
11 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Institute
of Virology, Biomedical Research Center,
Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Faculty
of Natural Sciences, Comenius University
in Bratislava, Ilkovičova
6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Daniel Truchan
- Institute
of Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 11 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Université
Sorbonne Paris Nord, Université Paris
Cité, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, LVTS,
INSERM, UMR 1148, Bobigny F-93017, France
| | - Veronika Hegedűšová
- Institute
of Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 11 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Faculty
of Natural Sciences, Comenius University
in Bratislava, Ilkovičova
6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Helena Švajdlenková
- Faculty
of Natural Sciences, Comenius University
in Bratislava, Ilkovičova
6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Polymer
Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 41 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Matej Mičušík
- Polymer
Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 41 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Mário Kotlár
- Centre
for Nanodiagnostics of Materials, Slovak
University of Technology in Bratislava, Vazovova 5, 812 43 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lenka Pribusová Slušná
- Centre
for Advanced Materials Application, Slovak
Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845
11 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Institute
of Electrical Engineering, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Martin Hulman
- Institute
of Electrical Engineering, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Farnoush Salehtash
- Institute
of Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 11 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Anna Kálosi
- Institute
of Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 11 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Centre
for Advanced Materials Application, Slovak
Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845
11 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lucia Csáderová
- Centre
for Advanced Materials Application, Slovak
Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845
11 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Institute
of Virology, Biomedical Research Center,
Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Eliška Švastová
- Centre
for Advanced Materials Application, Slovak
Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845
11 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Institute
of Virology, Biomedical Research Center,
Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Šiffalovič
- Institute
of Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 11 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Centre
for Advanced Materials Application, Slovak
Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845
11 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Matej Jergel
- Institute
of Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 11 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Centre
for Advanced Materials Application, Slovak
Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845
11 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Silvia Pastoreková
- Institute
of Virology, Biomedical Research Center,
Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Eva Majková
- Institute
of Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 11 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Centre
for Advanced Materials Application, Slovak
Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845
11 Bratislava, Slovakia
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4
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Nakashima K, Watanabe H, Ono M. Development of Novel Trifunctional Chelating Agents That Enhance Tumor Retention of Radioimmunoconjugates. J Med Chem 2023; 66:12812-12827. [PMID: 37721492 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Chelator-containing radioimmunoconjugates (RICs) composed of monoclonal antibodies, chelators, and radiometals exhibit broad potential for cancer diagnosis or therapy. In this study, we developed novel trifunctional chelating agents that enhance the tumor retention of RICs, MDPEI2, and MDPEI4, which contain the metal chelator DOTA, a maleimide moiety, and diethylenetriamine (PEI2) or tetraethylenepentamine (PEI4), respectively, as a poly(ethylenimine) (PEI) scaffold for the addition of positive charges to the radiometabolites of RICs to reduce their release from tumor cells. Trastuzumab radiolabeled by [111In]In-MDPEI2 ([111In]In-TMDPEI2) or [111In]In-MDPEI4 ([111In]In-TMDPEI4) showed high immunoreactivity and lower rates of exportations of their radiometabolites from tumor cells than RICs without PEI scaffolds. The tumor uptake of [111In]In-TMDPEI2 and [111In]In-TMDPEI4 was enhanced compared with RICs without PEI scaffolds, and [111In]In-TMDPEI2 exhibited the highest tumor/blood ratio. These results indicate the utility of MDPEI2 to synthesize RICs with favorable tumor-targeting properties in vivo by controlling the radioactivity distribution in tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuma Nakashima
- Department of Patho-Functional Bioanalysis, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Watanabe
- Department of Patho-Functional Bioanalysis, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ono
- Department of Patho-Functional Bioanalysis, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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Production of GMP-Compliant Clinical Amounts of Copper-61 Radiopharmaceuticals from Liquid Targets. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15060723. [PMID: 35745642 PMCID: PMC9231368 DOI: 10.3390/ph15060723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
PET imaging has gained significant momentum in the last few years, especially in the area of oncology, with an increasing focus on metal radioisotopes owing to their versatile chemistry and favourable physical properties. Copper-61 (t1/2 = 3.33 h, 61% β+, Emax = 1.216 MeV) provides unique advantages versus the current clinical standard (i.e., gallium-68) even though, until now, no clinical amounts of 61Cu-based radiopharmaceuticals, other than thiosemicarbazone-based molecules, have been produced. This study aimed to establish a routine production, using a standard medical cyclotron, for a series of widely used somatostatin analogues, currently labelled with gallium-68, that could benefit from the improved characteristics of copper-61. We describe two possible routes to produce the radiopharmaceutical precursor, either from natural zinc or enriched zinc-64 liquid targets and further synthesis of [61Cu]Cu-DOTA-NOC, [61Cu]Cu-DOTA-TOC and [61Cu]Cu-DOTA-TATE with a fully automated GMP-compliant process. The production from enriched targets leads to twice the amount of activity (3.28 ± 0.41 GBq vs. 1.84 ± 0.24 GBq at EOB) and higher radionuclidic purity (99.97% vs. 98.49% at EOB). Our results demonstrate, for the first time, that clinical doses of 61Cu-based radiopharmaceuticals can easily be obtained in centres with a typical biomedical cyclotron optimised to produce 18F-based radiopharmaceuticals.
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