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Tokumaru T, Toyama T, Nakade Y, Ogura H, Oshima M, Nakagawa S, Furuichi M, Kitajima S, Sakai N, Shimizu M, Iwata Y, Wada T. Design and rationale for an open-label, randomized, controlled pilot trial to evaluate the changes in blood uremic toxins in patients with chronic kidney disease by dietary therapy with sake lees. Clin Exp Nephrol 2024; 28:440-446. [PMID: 38340247 PMCID: PMC11033224 DOI: 10.1007/s10157-023-02450-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) reportedly show dysbiosis, which is the imbalance of gut microbiome. Dysbiosis increases the uremic toxin level in the intestine, and uremic toxins transfer into the blood, causing CKD progression. Sake lees, a traditional Japanese fermented food, may help reduce uremic toxins by altering the gut microbiome. Additionally, D-alanine, which is present in sake lees, may have a renoprotective effect. The present pilot study aims to evaluate the effect of adding sake lees to the standard CKD dietary therapy in reducing blood uremic toxins. METHODS This pilot study is a single-center, open-label, randomized controlled trial. Twenty-four patients with CKD will be enrolled and allocated 1:1 to the intervention and control groups. The intervention group will receive standard CKD dietary therapy with an additional intake of 50 g of sake lees per day for 8 weeks, whereas the control group will only receive standard CKD dietary therapy. The primary endpoint is the change in serum indoxyl sulfate after 8 weeks. The secondary endpoint is the plasma D-alanine and fecal microbiome changes. CONCLUSION This pilot study provides insight into the development of a new diet focused on gut microbiome and D-amino acids in patients with CKD. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION This protocol was approved by the Clinical Trial Review Board of Kanazawa University Hospital on October 27, 2022 (2022-001 [6139]) and available to the public on the website of the Japan Registry of Clinical Trials on November 22, 2022 (jRCT1040220095).
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Tokumaru
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Kanazawa University, Takara-Machi 13-1, Kanazawa City, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan
- Department of Nutrition Management, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Tadashi Toyama
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Kanazawa University, Takara-Machi 13-1, Kanazawa City, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan.
- Innovative Clinical Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.
| | - Yusuke Nakade
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Kanazawa University, Takara-Machi 13-1, Kanazawa City, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Hisayuki Ogura
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Kanazawa University, Takara-Machi 13-1, Kanazawa City, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Megumi Oshima
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Kanazawa University, Takara-Machi 13-1, Kanazawa City, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Shiori Nakagawa
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Kanazawa University, Takara-Machi 13-1, Kanazawa City, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Motoe Furuichi
- Department of Nutrition Management, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Shinji Kitajima
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Kanazawa University, Takara-Machi 13-1, Kanazawa City, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Norihiko Sakai
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Kanazawa University, Takara-Machi 13-1, Kanazawa City, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Miho Shimizu
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Kanazawa University, Takara-Machi 13-1, Kanazawa City, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Yasunori Iwata
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Kanazawa University, Takara-Machi 13-1, Kanazawa City, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan
- Division of Infection Control, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Takashi Wada
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Kanazawa University, Takara-Machi 13-1, Kanazawa City, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan
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Munekane M, Fuchigami T, Ogawa K. Recent advances in the development of 225Ac- and 211At-labeled radioligands for radiotheranostics. ANAL SCI 2024; 40:803-826. [PMID: 38564087 PMCID: PMC11035452 DOI: 10.1007/s44211-024-00514-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Radiotheranostics utilizes a set of radioligands incorporating diagnostic or therapeutic radionuclides to achieve both diagnosis and therapy. Imaging probes using diagnostic radionuclides have been used for systemic cancer imaging. Integration of therapeutic radionuclides into the imaging probes serves as potent agents for radionuclide therapy. Among them, targeted alpha therapy (TAT) is a promising next-generation cancer therapy. The α-particles emitted by the radioligands used in TAT result in a high linear energy transfer over a short range, inducing substantial damage to nearby cells surrounding the binding site. Therefore, the key to successful cancer treatment with minimal side effects by TAT depends on the selective delivery of radioligands to their targets. Recently, TAT agents targeting biomolecules highly expressed in various cancer cells, such as sodium/iodide symporter, norepinephrine transporter, somatostatin receptor, αvβ3 integrin, prostate-specific membrane antigen, fibroblast-activation protein, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 have been developed and have made remarkable progress toward clinical application. In this review, we focus on two radionuclides, 225Ac and 211At, which are expected to have a wide range of applications in TAT. We also introduce recent fundamental and clinical studies of radiopharmaceuticals labeled with these radionuclides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Munekane
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-Machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Takeshi Fuchigami
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-Machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan.
| | - Kazuma Ogawa
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-Machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan.
- Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-Machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan.
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3
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Liu X, Koyama S, Tomizuka K, Takata S, Ishikawa Y, Ito S, Kosugi S, Suzuki K, Hikino K, Koido M, Koike Y, Horikoshi M, Gakuhari T, Ikegawa S, Matsuda K, Momozawa Y, Ito K, Kamatani Y, Terao C. Decoding triancestral origins, archaic introgression, and natural selection in the Japanese population by whole-genome sequencing. Sci Adv 2024; 10:eadi8419. [PMID: 38630824 PMCID: PMC11023554 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi8419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
We generated Japanese Encyclopedia of Whole-Genome/Exome Sequencing Library (JEWEL), a high-depth whole-genome sequencing dataset comprising 3256 individuals from across Japan. Analysis of JEWEL revealed genetic characteristics of the Japanese population that were not discernible using microarray data. First, rare variant-based analysis revealed an unprecedented fine-scale genetic structure. Together with population genetics analysis, the present-day Japanese can be decomposed into three ancestral components. Second, we identified unreported loss-of-function (LoF) variants and observed that for specific genes, LoF variants appeared to be restricted to a more limited set of transcripts than would be expected by chance, with PTPRD as a notable example. Third, we identified 44 archaic segments linked to complex traits, including a Denisovan-derived segment at NKX6-1 associated with type 2 diabetes. Most of these segments are specific to East Asians. Fourth, we identified candidate genetic loci under recent natural selection. Overall, our work provided insights into genetic characteristics of the Japanese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxi Liu
- Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Clinical Research Center, Shizuoka General Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Satoshi Koyama
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Genomics and Informatics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Medical and Population Genetics and Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Boston, MA, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kohei Tomizuka
- Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Sadaaki Takata
- Laboratory for Genotyping Development, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yuki Ishikawa
- Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shuji Ito
- Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Laboratory for Bone and Joint Diseases, RIKEN Center for Medical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Japan
| | - Shunichi Kosugi
- Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kunihiko Suzuki
- Laboratory for Genotyping Development, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Keiko Hikino
- Laboratory for Pharmacogenomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masaru Koido
- Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Laboratory of Complex Trait Genomics, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshinao Koike
- Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Laboratory for Bone and Joint Diseases, RIKEN Center for Medical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Momoko Horikoshi
- Laboratory for Genomics of Diabetes and Metabolism, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takashi Gakuhari
- Institute for the Study of Ancient Civilizations and Cultural Resources, College of Human and Social Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Shiro Ikegawa
- Laboratory for Bone and Joint Diseases, RIKEN Center for Medical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kochi Matsuda
- Laboratory of Genome Technology, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory of Clinical Genome Sequencing, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukihide Momozawa
- Laboratory for Genotyping Development, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kaoru Ito
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Genomics and Informatics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Kamatani
- Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Laboratory of Complex Trait Genomics, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chikashi Terao
- Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Clinical Research Center, Shizuoka General Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
- The Department of Applied Genetics, The School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
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Kawasaki H. Investigation of the mechanisms underlying the development and evolution of folds of the cerebrum using gyrencephalic ferrets. J Comp Neurol 2024; 532:e25615. [PMID: 38587214 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
The mammalian cerebrum has changed substantially during evolution, characterized by increases in neurons and glial cells and by the expansion and folding of the cerebrum. While these evolutionary alterations are thought to be crucial for acquiring higher cognitive functions, the molecular mechanisms underlying the development and evolution of the mammalian cerebrum remain only partially understood. This is, in part, because of the difficulty in analyzing these mechanisms using mice only. To overcome this limitation, genetic manipulation techniques for the cerebrum of gyrencephalic carnivore ferrets have been developed. Furthermore, successful gene knockout in the ferret cerebrum has been accomplished through the application of the CRISPR/Cas9 system. This review mainly highlights recent research conducted using gyrencephalic carnivore ferrets to investigate the mechanisms underlying the development and evolution of cortical folds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kawasaki
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
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5
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Kato Y, Uto T, Ishizaki T, Tanaka D, Ishibashi K, Matsuda Y, Onoda I, Kobayashi A, Hazawa M, Wong RW, Takahashi K, Hirata E, Kuroda K. Optimization of Zwitterionic Polymers for Cell Cryopreservation. Macromol Biosci 2024:e2300499. [PMID: 38329319 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202300499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Cryopreservation techniques are valuable for the preservation of genetic properties in cells, and the development of this technology contributes to various fields. In a previous study, an isotonic freezing medium composed of poly(zwitterion) (polyZI) has been reported, which alleviates osmotic shock, unlike typical hypertonic freezing media. In this study, the primitive freezing medium composed of emerging polyZI is optimized. Imidazolium/carboxylate-type polyZI (VimC3 C) is the optimal chemical structure. The molecular weight and degree of ion substitution (DSion ) are not significant factors. There is an impediment with the primitive polyZI freezing media. While the polyZI forms a matrix around the cell membrane to protect cells, the matrix is difficult to remove after thawing, resulting in low cell proliferation. Unexpectedly, increasing the poly(VimC3 C) concentration from 10% to 20% (w/v) improves cell proliferation. The optimized freezing medium, 20% (w/v) poly(VimC3 C)_DSion(100%) /1% (w/v) NaCl aqueous solution, exhibited a better cryoprotective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yui Kato
- Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Takuya Uto
- University of Miyazaki, Faculty of Engineering, Nishi 1-1 Gakuen Kibanadai, Miyazaki, 889-2192, Japan
| | - Takeru Ishizaki
- Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Daisuke Tanaka
- Research Center of Genetic Resources, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Kannondai, Tsukuba, 305-8602, Japan
| | - Kojiro Ishibashi
- Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Yuya Matsuda
- Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Issei Onoda
- University of Miyazaki, Faculty of Engineering, Nishi 1-1 Gakuen Kibanadai, Miyazaki, 889-2192, Japan
| | - Akiko Kobayashi
- Cell-Bionomics Research Unit, Institute for Frontier Science Initiative & WPI-Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Masaharu Hazawa
- Cell-Bionomics Research Unit, Institute for Frontier Science Initiative & WPI-Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Richard W Wong
- Cell-Bionomics Research Unit, Institute for Frontier Science Initiative & WPI-Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Kenji Takahashi
- Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Eishu Hirata
- Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
- Nano Life Science Institute of Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Kosuke Kuroda
- Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
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6
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Takeda K, Flechsig H, Muro I, Amyot R, Kobayashi F, Kodera N, Ando T, Konno H. Structural Dynamics of E6AP E3 Ligase HECT Domain and Involvement of a Flexible Hinge Loop in the Ubiquitin Chain Synthesis Mechanism. Nano Lett 2023; 23:11940-11948. [PMID: 38055898 PMCID: PMC10755755 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c04150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Ubiquitin (Ub) ligases E3 are important factors in selecting target proteins for ubiquitination and determining the type of polyubiquitin chains on the target proteins. In the HECT (homologous to E6AP C-terminus)-type E3 ligases, the HECT domain is composed of an N-lobe and a C-lobe that are connected by a flexible hinge loop. The large conformational rearrangement of the HECT domain via the flexible hinge loop is essential for the HECT-type E3-mediated Ub transfer from E2 to a target protein. However, detailed insights into the structural dynamics of the HECT domain remain unclear. Here, we provide the first direct demonstration of the structural dynamics of the HECT domain using high-speed atomic force microscopy at the nanoscale. We also found that the flexibility of the hinge loop has a great impact not only on its structural dynamics but also on the formation mechanism of free Ub chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazusa Takeda
- Graduate
School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Holger Flechsig
- WPI
Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Ikumi Muro
- Graduate
School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Romain Amyot
- WPI
Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Fuminori Kobayashi
- Graduate
School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Kodera
- WPI
Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Toshio Ando
- WPI
Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Hiroki Konno
- WPI
Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
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7
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Iguchi R, Usui K, Nakayama S, Sasakura Y, Sekiguchi T, Ogasawara M. Multi-regional expression of pancreas-related digestive enzyme genes in the intestinal chamber of the ascidian Ciona intestinalis type A. Cell Tissue Res 2023; 394:423-430. [PMID: 37878073 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-023-03839-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Bilateria share sequential steps in their digestive systems, and digestion occurs in a pre-absorption step within a chamber-like structure. Previous studies on the ascidian Ciona intestinalis type A, an evolutionary research model of vertebrate organs, revealed that Ciona homologs of pancreas-related exocrine digestive enzymes (XDEs) are exclusively expressed in the chamber-like bulging stomach. In the development of the gastrointestinal tract, genes for the pancreas-related transcription factors, namely Ptf1a, Nr5a2, and Pdx, are expressed near the stomach. Recent organ/tissue RNA-seq studies on two Ciona species reported that transcripts of the XDE homologs exist in the intestinal regions, as well as in the stomach. In the present study, we investigated the spatial gene expression of XDE homologs in the gastrointestinal region of the C. intestinalis type A. Whole-mount in situ hybridization using adult and juvenile specimens revealed apparent expression signals of XDE homologs in a small number of gastrointestinal epithelial cells. Furthermore, two pancreas-related transcription factor genes, Nr5a2 and Pdx, exhibited multi-regional expression along the Ciona juvenile intestines. These results imply that ascidians may form multiple digestive regions corresponding to the vertebrate pancreas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rin Iguchi
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
| | - Kanae Usui
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nakayama
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
| | - Yasunori Sasakura
- Shimoda Marine Research Center, University of Tsukuba, 5-10-1 Shimoda, Shizuoka, 415-0025, Japan
| | - Toshio Sekiguchi
- The Noto Marine Laboratory, Division of Marine Environmental Studies, Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Housu-gun, Ishikawa, 927-0553, Japan
| | - Michio Ogasawara
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan.
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8
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Iguchi R, Nakayama S, Sasakura Y, Sekiguchi T, Ogasawara M. Repetitive and zonal expression profiles of absorption-related genes in the gastrointestinal tract of ascidian Ciona intestinalis type A. Cell Tissue Res 2023; 394:343-360. [PMID: 37670165 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-023-03828-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal absorption is essential for heterotrophic bilaterians with a tubular gut. Although the fundamental features of the digestive system were shared among chordates with evolution, the gut morphologies of vertebrates diverged and adapted to different food habitats. The ascidian Ciona intestinalis type A, a genome-wide research model of basal chordates, is used to examine the functional morphology of the intestines because of its transparent juvenile body. In the present study, the characteristic gene expression patterns (GEP) of Ciona absorptive proteins, e.g., brush border membrane enzymes for terminal digestion (lactase, maltase, APA, and APN) and transporters (SGLT1, GLUT5, PEPT1, and B0AT1), were investigated in juveniles and young adults, with a special reference to the absorption of other nutrients by pinocytosis- and phagocytosis-related proteins (megalin, cubilin, amnionless, Dab2, Rab7, LAMP, cathepsins, and MRC1). Whole-mount in situ hybridization revealed that these GEP showed multi-regional and repetitive features along the Ciona gastrointestinal tract, mainly in the stomach and several regions of the intestines. In young adults, many absorption-related genes, including pinocytosis-/phagocytosis-related genes, were also expressed between the stomach and mid-intestine. In the gastrointestinal epithelium, absorption-related genes showed zonal GEP along the epithelial structure. Comparisons of GEP, including other intestinal functions, such as nutrient digestion and intestinal protection, indicated the repetitive assignment of a well-coordinated set of intestinal GEP in the Ciona gastrointestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rin Iguchi
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-Cho, Inage-Ku, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nakayama
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-Cho, Inage-Ku, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
| | - Yasunori Sasakura
- Shimoda Marine Research Center, University of Tsukuba, 5-10-1 Shimoda, Shizuoka, 415-0025, Japan
| | - Toshio Sekiguchi
- The Noto Marine Laboratory, Division of Marine Environmental Studies, Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Housu-Gun, Ishikawa, 927-0553, Japan
| | - Michio Ogasawara
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-Cho, Inage-Ku, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan.
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9
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Tsuno Y, Peng Y, Horike SI, Wang M, Matsui A, Yamagata K, Sugiyama M, Nakamura TJ, Daikoku T, Maejima T, Mieda M. In vivo recording of suprachiasmatic nucleus dynamics reveals a dominant role of arginine vasopressin neurons in circadian pacesetting. PLoS Biol 2023; 21:e3002281. [PMID: 37643163 PMCID: PMC10465001 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The central circadian clock of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is a network consisting of various types of neurons and glial cells. Individual cells have the autonomous molecular machinery of a cellular clock, but their intrinsic periods vary considerably. Here, we show that arginine vasopressin (AVP) neurons set the ensemble period of the SCN network in vivo to control the circadian behavior rhythm. Artificial lengthening of cellular periods by deleting casein kinase 1 delta (CK1δ) in the whole SCN lengthened the free-running period of behavior rhythm to an extent similar to CK1δ deletion specific to AVP neurons. However, in SCN slices, PER2::LUC reporter rhythms of these mice only partially and transiently recapitulated the period lengthening, showing a dissociation between the SCN shell and core with a period instability in the shell. In contrast, in vivo calcium rhythms of both AVP and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) neurons in the SCN of freely moving mice demonstrated stably lengthened periods similar to the behavioral rhythm upon AVP neuron-specific CK1δ deletion, without changing the phase relationships between each other. Furthermore, optogenetic activation of AVP neurons acutely induced calcium increase in VIP neurons in vivo. These results indicate that AVP neurons regulate other SCN neurons, such as VIP neurons, in vivo and thus act as a primary determinant of the SCN ensemble period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Tsuno
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yubo Peng
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Shin-ichi Horike
- Division of Integrated Omics Research, Research Center for Experimental Modeling of Human Disease, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Mohan Wang
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Ayako Matsui
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kanato Yamagata
- Child Brain Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mizuki Sugiyama
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Takahiro J. Nakamura
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Takiko Daikoku
- Division of Animal Disease Model, Research Center for Experimental Modeling of Human Disease, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Takashi Maejima
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Michihiro Mieda
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
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10
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Hattori T, Cherepanov SM, Sakaga R, Roboon J, Nguyen DT, Ishii H, Takarada-Iemata M, Nishiuchi T, Kannon T, Hosomichi K, Tajima A, Yamamoto Y, Okamoto H, Sugawara A, Higashida H, Hori O. Postnatal expression of CD38 in astrocytes regulates synapse formation and adult social memory. EMBO J 2023:e111247. [PMID: 37357972 PMCID: PMC10390870 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2022111247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Social behavior is essential for health, survival, and reproduction of animals; however, the role of astrocytes in social behavior remains largely unknown. The transmembrane protein CD38, which acts both as a receptor and ADP-ribosyl cyclase to produce cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR) regulates social behaviors by promoting oxytocin release from hypothalamic neurons. CD38 is also abundantly expressed in astrocytes in the postnatal brain and is important for astroglial development. Here, we demonstrate that the astroglial-expressed CD38 plays an important role in social behavior during development. Selective deletion of CD38 in postnatal astrocytes, but not in adult astrocytes, impairs social memory without any other behavioral abnormalities. Morphological analysis shows that depletion of astroglial CD38 in the postnatal brain interferes with synapse formation in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and hippocampus. Moreover, astroglial CD38 expression promotes synaptogenesis of excitatory neurons by increasing the level of extracellular SPARCL1 (also known as Hevin), a synaptogenic protein. The release of SPARCL1 from astrocytes is regulated by CD38/cADPR/calcium signaling. These data demonstrate a novel developmental role of astrocytes in neural circuit formation and regulation of social behavior in adults.
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Grants
- 21K06407 Ministry of Education, Science, Technology, Sports and Culture of Japan
- 18KK0435 Ministry of Education, Science, Technology, Sports and Culture of Japan
- 18KK0255 Ministry of Education, Science, Technology, Sports and Culture of Japan
- 18K06500 Ministry of Education, Science, Technology, Sports and Culture of Japan
- 20K09343 Ministry of Education, Science, Technology, Sports and Culture of Japan
- 21K06406 Ministry of Education, Science, Technology, Sports and Culture of Japan
- 18K06463 Ministry of Education, Science, Technology, Sports and Culture of Japan
- Kanazawa University
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Hattori
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | | | - Ryo Sakaga
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Jureepon Roboon
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Dinh Thi Nguyen
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ishii
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Mika Takarada-Iemata
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Takumi Nishiuchi
- Division of Functional Genomics, Advanced Science Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kannon
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, Graduate School of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Hosomichi
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, Graduate School of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tajima
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, Graduate School of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Yamamoto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Vascular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Okamoto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Vascular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Akira Sugawara
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Haruhiro Higashida
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Osamu Hori
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
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