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Shetty K, Yadav KS. Temozolomide nano-in-nanofiber delivery system with sustained release and enhanced cellular uptake by U87MG cells. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2024; 50:420-431. [PMID: 38502031 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2024.2332906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study was aimed at formulating temozolomide (TMZ) loaded gelatin nanoparticles (GNPs) encapsulated into polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) nanofibers (TMZ-GNPs-PVA NFs) as the nano-in-nanofiber delivery system. The secondary objective was to explore the sustained releasing ability of this system and to assess its enhanced cellular uptake against U87MG glioma cells in vitro. SIGNIFICANCE Nano-in-nanofibers are the emerging drug delivery systems for treating a wide range of diseases including cancers as they overcome the challenges experienced by nanoparticles and nanofibers alone. METHODS The drug-loaded GNPs were formulated by one-step desolvation method. The Design of Experiments (DoE) was used to optimize nanoparticle size and entrapment efficiency. The optimized drug-loaded nanoparticles were then encapsulated within nanofibers using blend electrospinning technique. The U87MG glioma cells were used to investigate the uptake of the formulation. RESULTS A 32 factorial design was used to optimize the mean particle size (145.7 nm) and entrapment efficiency (87.6%) of the TMZ-loaded GNPs which were subsequently ingrained into PVA nanofibers by electrospinning technique. The delivery system achieved a sustained drug release for up to seven days (in vitro). The SEM results ensured that the expected nano-in-nanofiber delivery system was achieved. The uptake of TMZ-GNPs-PVA NFs by cells was increased by a factor of 1.964 compared to that of the pure drug. CONCLUSION The nano-in-nanofiber drug delivery system is a potentially useful therapeutic strategy for the management of glioblastoma multiforme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karishma Shetty
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM'S NMIMS (Deemed to be University), Mumbai, India
| | - Khushwant S Yadav
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM'S NMIMS (Deemed to be University), Mumbai, India
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2
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Nguyen DNT, Waldmann L, Ravaine V, Nicolai T, Benyahia L. Interaction between stabilized droplets of different phases in the same continuous phase of an aqueous three-phase system. SOFT MATTER 2024; 20:3359-3366. [PMID: 38563361 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm01688a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Water-in-water (W/W) emulsions, also called aqueous two-phase systems, are formed by mixing two incompatible polymers in water that phase separate into two distinct phases. They can be stabilized by addition of colloidal particles. Droplets of the dispersed phase can be used to compartmentalize ingredients and induce localized reactions. By mixing more types of incompatible polymers, emulsions containing droplets of different phases can be formed that can potentially capture different ingredients. Here the interaction between dispersed droplets of different types was studied by gently mixing a W/W emulsion containing droplets rich in dextran (DEX) dispersed in a continuous phase rich in polyethylene oxide with an emulsion containing droplets rich in fish gelatin (GEL) dispersed in the same continuous medium. Bis-hydrophilic microgels (MG) consisting of DEX grafted with poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) were added and their effect on the stability of each binary emulsion was investigated. Interestingly, when two very stable emulsions were gently mixed, droplets of different types were observed with confocal scanning laser microscopy to coalesce immediately upon contact. In this manner, Janus-type droplets were formed containing a DEX and a GEL compartment with no MG at the GEL/DEX interface that further associated into strings of alternating droplets. Contact angles between the different phases in emulsions with and without MG were compared and used to determine the effect of the microgels on the interfacial tension between the phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do-Nhu-Trang Nguyen
- IMMM, UMR 6283 CNRS - Le Mans University, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, Le Mans 72085 cedex 9, France.
| | - Léa Waldmann
- Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255 CNRS -, Univ. Bordeaux, F-33400, Talence, France
| | - Valérie Ravaine
- Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255 CNRS -, Univ. Bordeaux, F-33400, Talence, France
| | - Taco Nicolai
- IMMM, UMR 6283 CNRS - Le Mans University, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, Le Mans 72085 cedex 9, France.
| | - Lazhar Benyahia
- IMMM, UMR 6283 CNRS - Le Mans University, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, Le Mans 72085 cedex 9, France.
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3
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Jia X, Fan X, Chen C, Lu Q, Zhou H, Zhao Y, Wang X, Han S, Ouyang L, Yan H, Dai H, Geng H. Chemical and Structural Engineering of Gelatin-Based Delivery Systems for Therapeutic Applications: A Review. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:564-589. [PMID: 38174643 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c01021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
As a biodegradable and biocompatible protein derived from collagen, gelatin has been extensively exploited as a fundamental component of biological scaffolds and drug delivery systems for precise medicine. The easily engineered gelatin holds great promise in formulating various delivery systems to protect and enhance the efficacy of drugs for improving the safety and effectiveness of numerous pharmaceuticals. The remarkable biocompatibility and adjustable mechanical properties of gelatin permit the construction of active 3D scaffolds to accelerate the regeneration of injured tissues and organs. In this Review, we delve into diverse strategies for fabricating and functionalizing gelatin-based structures, which are applicable to gene and drug delivery as well as tissue engineering. We emphasized the advantages of various gelatin derivatives, including methacryloyl gelatin, polyethylene glycol-modified gelatin, thiolated gelatin, and alendronate-modified gelatin. These derivatives exhibit excellent physicochemical and biological properties, allowing the fabrication of tailor-made structures for biomedical applications. Additionally, we explored the latest developments in the modulation of their physicochemical properties by combining additive materials and manufacturing platforms, outlining the design of multifunctional gelatin-based micro-, nano-, and macrostructures. While discussing the current limitations, we also addressed the challenges that need to be overcome for clinical translation, including high manufacturing costs, limited application scenarios, and potential immunogenicity. This Review provides insight into how the structural and chemical engineering of gelatin can be leveraged to pave the way for significant advancements in biomedical applications and the improvement of patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Jia
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212018, China
| | - Xin Fan
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518075, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212018, China
| | - Qianyun Lu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212018, China
| | - Hongfeng Zhou
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518075, China
| | - Yanming Zhao
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518075, China
| | - Xingang Wang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212018, China
| | - Sanyang Han
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518075, China
| | - Liliang Ouyang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hongji Yan
- Department of Medical Cell Biology (MCB), Uppsala University (UU), 751 05 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hongliang Dai
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212018, China
| | - Hongya Geng
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518075, China
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Hassani Besheli N, Martens M, Macías-Sánchez E, Olijve J, Yang F, Sommerdijk N, Leeuwenburgh SCG. Unraveling the Formation of Gelatin Nanospheres by Means of Desolvation. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:11091-11098. [PMID: 37967168 PMCID: PMC10722596 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c03459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Gelatin nanoparticles (GNPs) have been widely studied for a plethora of biomedical applications, but their formation mechanism remains poorly understood, which precludes precise control over their physicochemical properties. This leads to time-consuming parameter adjustments without a fundamental grasp of the underlying mechanism. Here, we analyze and visualize in a time-resolved manner the mechanism by which GNPs are formed during desolvation of gelatin as a function of gelatin molecular weight and type of desolvating agent. Through various analytical and imaging techniques, we unveil a multistage process that is initiated by the formation of primary particles that are ∼18 nm in diameter (wet state). These primary particles subsequently assemble into colloidally stable GNPs with a raspberry-like structure and a hydrodynamic diameter of ∼300 nm. Our results create a basic understanding of the formation mechanism of gelatin nanoparticles, which opens new opportunities for precisely tuning their physicochemical and biofunctional properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negar Hassani Besheli
- Department
of Dentistry-Regenerative Biomaterials, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 EX Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn Martens
- Department
of Medical BioSciences, Radboud University
Medical Center, Geert-Grooteplein
Zuid 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Electron
Microscopy Centre Radboudumc, Technology Center Microscopy, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert-Grooteplein Noord 29, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Elena Macías-Sánchez
- Department
of Medical BioSciences, Radboud University
Medical Center, Geert-Grooteplein
Zuid 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department
of Stratigraphy and Paleontology, University
of Granada, Avenida de
la Fuente Nueva S/N, CP 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Jos Olijve
- Rousselot
BV, Port Arthurlaan 173, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Fang Yang
- Department
of Dentistry-Regenerative Biomaterials, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 EX Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Nico Sommerdijk
- Department
of Medical BioSciences, Radboud University
Medical Center, Geert-Grooteplein
Zuid 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Electron
Microscopy Centre Radboudumc, Technology Center Microscopy, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert-Grooteplein Noord 29, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sander C. G. Leeuwenburgh
- Department
of Dentistry-Regenerative Biomaterials, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 EX Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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de Liyis BG, Sutedja JC, Kesuma PMI, Liyis S, Widyadharma IPE. A review of literature on Compound 21-loaded gelatin nanoparticle: a promising nose-to-brain therapy for multi-infarct dementia. THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY, PSYCHIATRY AND NEUROSURGERY 2023. [DOI: 10.1186/s41983-023-00621-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractMulti-infarct dementia (MID) is described as a chronic progressive decline in cortical cognitive function due to the occurrence of multiple infarcts in the cerebral vascularization throughout the gray and white matter. Current therapies of MID mostly focus only on slowing down MID progression and symptomatic medications. A novel therapy which is able to provide both preventive and curative properties for MID is of high interest. The purpose of this review is to identify the potential of Compound 21 (C21) gelatin nanoparticle through the nose-to-brain route as therapy for MID. C21, an angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2R) agonist, has shown to reduce the size of cerebral infarct in rodent models, resulting in the preservation and improvement of overall cognitive function and prevention of secondary neurodegenerative effects. It is also shown that C21 decreases neuronal apoptosis, improves damaged axons, and encourage synapse development. The challenge remains in preventing systemic AT2R activation and increasing its low oral bioavailability which can be overcome through nose-to-brain administration of C21. Nose-to-brain drug delivery of C21 significantly increases drug efficiency and limits C21 exposure in order to specifically target the multiple infarcts located in the cerebral cortex. Adhering C21 onto gelatin nanoparticles may enable longer contact time with the olfactory and the trigeminal nerve endings, increasing the potency of C21. In summary, treatment of C21 gelatin nanoparticle through nose-to-brain delivery shows high potential as therapy for vascular dementia. However, clinical trials must be further studied in order to test the safety and efficacy of C21.
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Suresh D, Suresh A, Kannan R. Engineering biomolecular systems: Controlling the self-assembly of gelatin to form ultra-small bioactive nanomaterials. Bioact Mater 2022; 18:321-336. [PMID: 35415301 PMCID: PMC8965973 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The size of nanocarriers determines the biological property of the materials, especially as it relates to intratumoral distribution. Previous research has shown that sizes of 10–50 nm penetrate deep inside the tumor, resulting in better efficacy. On the other hand, studies have shown that gelatin exhibits excellent biological properties, including compatibility, degradability, and toxicity. Therefore, FDA approved gelatin as a safe material to use as an excipient in injectables. The bottleneck is the nonexistence of smaller-sized gelatin nanoparticles (GNPs) to realize the full potential of these biomaterials. Yet, GNPs with sizes of less than 50 nm have not been reported; the synthetic strategy reported in the literature uses “uncontrolled crosslinking coupled with nanoprecipitation”, resulting in larger particle size. We have developed a new method to self-assemble gelatin strands by using an anionic, phosphate-based crosslinker and controlled precipitation. The method we developed produced ultra-small gelatin nanoparticles (GX) of size 10 nm with a high degree of reproducibility, and it was characterized using dynamic light scattering (DLS), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), High-resolution transmission, and scanning electron microscopy (HR-TEM/STEM). We also explored GX as a bioactive platform to encapsulate imaging and therapy agents within the cavity. Interestingly, we were able to encapsulate 2 nm size gold nanoparticles within the void of GX. The versatile nature of the GX particles was further demonstrated by surface functionalizing with larger size gelatin nanoparticles to form core-satellite nanocomposites. Additionally, we studied the tumor penetrability of dye-tagged 10, 50, and 200 nm gelatin nanoparticles. The study showed that smaller size gelatin nanoparticles penetrate deeper tumor regions than larger particles. In general, GX was efficient in penetrating the inner region of the spheroids. The results demonstrate the potential capabilities of ultra-small GX nanoparticles for multi-staged payload delivery, diagnostics, and cancer therapy. Synthesized 10 nm-size gelatin nanoparticles (GX) using controlled self-assembly process. GX was used as a platform to encapsulate imaging and therapeutic agents. In addition, smaller size gold nanoparticles also were encapsulated. The surface of GX was used to attach with gold or larger size gelatin nanoparticles. Using tumor spheroids, we demonstrated that GX show enhanced enhancedtumor penetrability.
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Gonzalez-Melo C, Garcia-Brand AJ, Quezada V, Reyes LH, Muñoz-Camargo C, Cruz JC. Highly Efficient Synthesis of Type B Gelatin and Low Molecular Weight Chitosan Nanoparticles: Potential Applications as Bioactive Molecule Carriers and Cell-Penetrating Agents. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13234078. [PMID: 34883582 PMCID: PMC8659274 DOI: 10.3390/polym13234078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Gelatin and chitosan nanoparticles have been widely used in pharmaceutical, biomedical, and nanofood applications due to their high biocompatibility and biodegradability. This study proposed a highly efficient synthesis method for type B gelatin and low-molecular-weight (LMW) chitosan nanoparticles. Gelatin nanoparticles (GNPs) were synthesized by the double desolvation method and the chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) by the ionic gelation method. The sizes of the obtained CNPs and GNPs (373 ± 71 nm and 244 ± 67 nm, respectively) and zeta potential (+36.60 ± 3.25 mV and −13.42 ± 1.16 mV, respectively) were determined via dynamic light scattering. Morphology and size were verified utilizing SEM and TEM images. Finally, their biocompatibility was tested to assure their potential applicability as bioactive molecule carriers and cell-penetrating agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Gonzalez-Melo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia; (C.G.-M.); (A.J.G.-B.); (V.Q.)
| | - Andres J. Garcia-Brand
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia; (C.G.-M.); (A.J.G.-B.); (V.Q.)
- Product and Process Design Group (GDPP), Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia
| | - Valentina Quezada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia; (C.G.-M.); (A.J.G.-B.); (V.Q.)
| | - Luis H. Reyes
- Product and Process Design Group (GDPP), Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia
- Correspondence: (L.H.R.); (C.M.-C.); (J.C.C.); Tel.: +57-1-339-4949 (ext. 1702) (L.H.R.); +57-1-339-4949 (ext. 1789) (C.M.-C. & J.C.C.)
| | - Carolina Muñoz-Camargo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia; (C.G.-M.); (A.J.G.-B.); (V.Q.)
- Correspondence: (L.H.R.); (C.M.-C.); (J.C.C.); Tel.: +57-1-339-4949 (ext. 1702) (L.H.R.); +57-1-339-4949 (ext. 1789) (C.M.-C. & J.C.C.)
| | - Juan C. Cruz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia; (C.G.-M.); (A.J.G.-B.); (V.Q.)
- Correspondence: (L.H.R.); (C.M.-C.); (J.C.C.); Tel.: +57-1-339-4949 (ext. 1702) (L.H.R.); +57-1-339-4949 (ext. 1789) (C.M.-C. & J.C.C.)
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