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Han SY, Park SY, Won KH, Park SI, Park JH, Shim D, Hwang I, Jeong DH, Kim H. Elucidating the callus-to-shoot-forming mechanism in Capsicum annuum 'Dempsey' through comparative transcriptome analyses. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:367. [PMID: 38711041 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05033-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The formation of shoots plays a pivotal role in plant organogenesis and productivity. Despite its significance, the underlying molecular mechanism of de novo regeneration has not been extensively elucidated in Capsicum annuum 'Dempsey', a bell pepper cultivar. To address this, we performed a comparative transcriptome analysis focusing on the differential expression in C. annuum 'Dempsey' shoot, callus, and leaf tissue. We further investigated phytohormone-related biological processes and their interacting genes in the C. annuum 'Dempsey' transcriptome based on comparative transcriptomic analysis across five species. RESULTS We provided a comprehensive view of the gene networks regulating shoot formation on the callus, revealing a strong involvement of hypoxia responses and oxidative stress. Our comparative transcriptome analysis revealed a significant conservation in the increase of gene expression patterns related to auxin and defense mechanisms in both callus and shoot tissues. Consequently, hypoxia response and defense mechanism emerged as critical regulators in callus and shoot formation in C. annuum 'Dempsey'. Current transcriptome data also indicated a substantial decline in gene expression linked to photosynthesis within regenerative tissues, implying a deactivation of the regulatory system governing photosynthesis in C. annuum 'Dempsey'. CONCLUSION Coupled with defense mechanisms, we thus considered spatial redistribution of auxin to play a critical role in the shoot morphogenesis via primordia outgrowth. Our findings shed light on shoot formation mechanisms in C. annuum 'Dempsey' explants, important information for regeneration programs, and have broader implications for precise molecular breeding in recalcitrant crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Yun Han
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute for Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Korea
| | - So Young Park
- Department of Life Science, Multidisciplinary Genome Institute, Hallym University, Chuncheon, 24252, Korea
| | - Kang-Hee Won
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute for Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Korea
| | - Sung-Il Park
- Department of BIT Medical Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Korea
| | - Jae-Hyeong Park
- Department of BIT Medical Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Korea
| | - Donghwan Shim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Korea
| | - Inhwan Hwang
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Korea
| | - Dong-Hoon Jeong
- Department of Life Science, Multidisciplinary Genome Institute, Hallym University, Chuncheon, 24252, Korea.
| | - Hyeran Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute for Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Korea.
- Department of BIT Medical Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Korea.
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Šmeringai J, Schrumpfová PP, Pernisová M. Cytokinins - regulators of de novo shoot organogenesis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1239133. [PMID: 37662179 PMCID: PMC10471832 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1239133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Plants, unlike animals, possess a unique developmental plasticity, that allows them to adapt to changing environmental conditions. A fundamental aspect of this plasticity is their ability to undergo postembryonic de novo organogenesis. This requires the presence of regulators that trigger and mediate specific spatiotemporal changes in developmental programs. The phytohormone cytokinin has been known as a principal regulator of plant development for more than six decades. In de novo shoot organogenesis and in vitro shoot regeneration, cytokinins are the prime candidates for the signal that determines shoot identity. Both processes of de novo shoot apical meristem development are accompanied by changes in gene expression, cell fate reprogramming, and the switching-on of the shoot-specific homeodomain regulator, WUSCHEL. Current understanding about the role of cytokinins in the shoot regeneration will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ján Šmeringai
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Proteomics, National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
- Mendel Centre for Plant Genomics and Proteomics, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Petra Procházková Schrumpfová
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Proteomics, National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
- Mendel Centre for Plant Genomics and Proteomics, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Markéta Pernisová
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Proteomics, National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
- Mendel Centre for Plant Genomics and Proteomics, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
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Conifer Biotechnology: An Overview. FORESTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/f13071061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
The peculiar characteristics of conifers determine the difficulty of their study and their great importance from various points of view. However, their study faces numerous important scientific, methodological, cultural, economic, social, and legal challenges. This paper presents an approach to several of those challenges and proposes a multidisciplinary scientific perspective that leads to a holistic understanding of conifers from the perspective of the latest technical, computer, and scientific advances. This review highlights the deep connection that all scientific contributions to conifers can have in each other as fully interrelated communicating vessels.
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Reuveni M. Sex and Regeneration. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:937. [PMID: 34571814 PMCID: PMC8471910 DOI: 10.3390/biology10090937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Regeneration is usually regarded as a unique plant or some animal species process. In reality, regeneration is a ubiquitous process in all multicellular organisms. It ranges from response to wounding by healing the wounded tissue to whole body neoforming (remaking of the new body). In a larger context, regeneration is one facet of two reproduction schemes that dominate the evolution of life. Multicellular organisms can propagate their genes asexually or sexually. Here I present the view that the ability to regenerate tissue or whole-body regeneration is also determined by the sexual state of the multicellular organisms (from simple animals such as hydra and planaria to plants and complex animals). The above idea is manifested here by showing evidence that many organisms, organs, or tissues show inhibited or diminished regeneration capacity when in reproductive status compared to organs or tissues in nonreproductive conditions or by exposure to sex hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moshe Reuveni
- Plant Science Institute, ARO, Volcani Institute, 68 Hamakabim Rd., P.O. Box 15159, Rishon LeZion 7528808, Israel
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Kutsher Y, Fisler M, Faigenboim A, Reuveni M. Florigen governs shoot regeneration. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13710. [PMID: 34211083 PMCID: PMC8249374 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93180-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
It is widely known that during the reproductive stage (flowering), plants do not root well. Most protocols of shoot regeneration in plants utilize juvenile tissue. Adding these two realities together encouraged us to study the role of florigen in shoot regeneration. Mature tobacco tissue that expresses the endogenous tobacco florigen mRNA regenerates poorly, while juvenile tissue that does not express the florigen regenerates shoots well. Inhibition of Nitric Oxide (NO) synthesis reduced shoot regeneration as well as promoted flowering and increased tobacco florigen level. In contrast, the addition of NO (by way of NO donor) to the tissue increased regeneration, delayed flowering, reduced tobacco florigen mRNA. Ectopic expression of florigen genes in tobacco or tomato decreased regeneration capacity significantly. Overexpression pear PcFT2 gene increased regeneration capacity. During regeneration, florigen mRNA was not changed. We conclude that florigen presence in mature tobacco leaves reduces roots and shoots regeneration and is the possible reason for the age-related decrease in regeneration capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaarit Kutsher
- Plant Science Institute, ARO, Volcani Center, PO Box 6, 50250, Bet Dagan, Israel
- Plant Science Institute, ARO, Volcani Center, 68 Hamakabim Rd, PO Box 15159, 7528809, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Michal Fisler
- Plant Science Institute, ARO, Volcani Center, PO Box 6, 50250, Bet Dagan, Israel
- Plant Science Institute, ARO, Volcani Center, 68 Hamakabim Rd, PO Box 15159, 7528809, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Adi Faigenboim
- Plant Science Institute, ARO, Volcani Center, PO Box 6, 50250, Bet Dagan, Israel
- Plant Science Institute, ARO, Volcani Center, 68 Hamakabim Rd, PO Box 15159, 7528809, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Moshe Reuveni
- Plant Science Institute, ARO, Volcani Center, PO Box 6, 50250, Bet Dagan, Israel.
- Plant Science Institute, ARO, Volcani Center, 68 Hamakabim Rd, PO Box 15159, 7528809, Rishon LeZion, Israel.
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