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Rehman M, Pan J, Mubeen S, Ma W, Luo D, Cao S, Saeed W, Jin G, Li R, Chen T, Chen P. Morpho-physio-biochemical, molecular, and phytoremedial responses of plants to red, blue, and green light: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:20772-20791. [PMID: 38393568 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32532-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Light is a basic requirement to drive carbon metabolism in plants and supports life on earth. Spectral quality greatly affects plant morphology, physiology, and metabolism of various biochemical pathways. Among visible light spectrum, red, blue, and green light wavelengths affect several mechanisms to contribute in plant growth and productivity. In addition, supplementation of red, blue, or green light with other wavelengths showed vivid effects on the plant biology. However, response of plants differs in different species and growing conditions. This review article provides a detailed view and interpretation of existing knowledge and clarifies underlying mechanisms that how red, blue, and green light spectra affect plant morpho-physiological, biochemical, and molecular parameters to make a significant contribution towards improved crop production, fruit quality, disease control, phytoremediation potential, and resource use efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muzammal Rehman
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agric-Products Safety; Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Breeding and Germplasm Innovation, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Jiao Pan
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agric-Products Safety; Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Breeding and Germplasm Innovation, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Samavia Mubeen
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agric-Products Safety; Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Breeding and Germplasm Innovation, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Wenyue Ma
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agric-Products Safety; Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Breeding and Germplasm Innovation, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Dengjie Luo
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agric-Products Safety; Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Breeding and Germplasm Innovation, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Shan Cao
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agric-Products Safety; Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Breeding and Germplasm Innovation, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Wajid Saeed
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agric-Products Safety; Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Breeding and Germplasm Innovation, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Gang Jin
- Guangxi Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Nanning, 530001, China
| | - Ru Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Guangxi Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Nanning, 530001, China
| | - Peng Chen
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agric-Products Safety; Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Breeding and Germplasm Innovation, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.
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Talha M, Shani MY, Ashraf MY, De Mastro F, Brunetti G, Khan MKR, Gillani SWUHS, Khan A, Abbas S, Cocozza C. Lead Toxicity-Mediated Growth and Metabolic Alterations at Early Seedling Stages of Maize ( Zea mays L.). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3335. [PMID: 37765499 PMCID: PMC10535917 DOI: 10.3390/plants12183335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the toxic effects of lead (Pb) on key metabolic activities essential for proper germination and seedling growth of maize seeds, experiments were carried out with different levels of Pb (0 to 120 mg of Pb L-1 as PbCl2) applied through growth medium to two maize hybrids H-3310S and H-6724. The research findings indicated that growth and metabolic activities were adversely affected by increased Pb contamination in growth medium; however, a slow increase in these parameters was recorded with increasing time from 0 to 120 h. Protease activity decreased with an increase in the level of Pb contamination but increased with time; consequently, a reduction in seed proteins and an increase in total free amino acids were observed with time. Similarly, α-amylase activity decreased with an increase in Pb concentration in growth medium while it increased with increasing time from 0 to 120 h; consequently, reducing and non-reducing sugars increased with time but decreased with exposure to lead. The roots of both maize hybrids had higher Pb contents than those of the shoot, which decreased the uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. All these nutrients are essential for optimal plant growth; therefore, the reduction in growth and biomass of maize seedlings could be due to Pb toxicity that altered metabolic processes, as sugar and amino acids are necessary for the synthesis of metabolic compounds, rapid cell division, and proper functioning of enzymes in the growing embryo, but all were dramatically reduced due to suppression of protease and α-amylase by toxicity of Pb. In general, hybrid H-3310S performed better in Pb-contaminated growth medium than H-6724.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Talha
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Yousaf Shani
- Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology (NIAB-C), Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nilore, Islamabad 45650, Pakistan
- Plant Breeding and Genetics Division, Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology (NIAB), Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Yasin Ashraf
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Francesco De Mastro
- Department of Soil, Plant, and Food Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Gennaro Brunetti
- Department of Soil, Plant, and Food Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Muhammad Kashif Riaz Khan
- Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology (NIAB-C), Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nilore, Islamabad 45650, Pakistan
- Plant Breeding and Genetics Division, Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology (NIAB), Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Syed Wajih ul Hassan Shah Gillani
- Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology (NIAB-C), Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nilore, Islamabad 45650, Pakistan
- Plant Breeding and Genetics Division, Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology (NIAB), Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Adeel Khan
- Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology (NIAB-C), Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nilore, Islamabad 45650, Pakistan
- Plant Breeding and Genetics Division, Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology (NIAB), Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Abbas
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Claudio Cocozza
- Department of Soil, Plant, and Food Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70126 Bari, Italy
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Costanzo G, Vitale E, Iesce MR, Spinelli M, Fontanarosa C, Paradiso R, Amoresano A, Arena C. Modulation of Antioxidant Compounds in Fruits of Citrus reticulata Blanco Using Postharvest LED Irradiation. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1029. [PMID: 37508457 PMCID: PMC10376515 DOI: 10.3390/biology12071029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Phlegrean mandarin fruits are already known for health-promoting properties due to the high concentration of phytochemicals in peel, pulp, and seed. Biotic and abiotic factors, including light, may modulate their biosynthesis, metabolism, and accumulation. In this context, light-emitting diodes (LED) have recently been applied to control nutritional traits, ripening process, senescence, fruit shelf-life, and pathogenic microbial spoilage of fruits. This study investigated the effect of the seven-day exposure of Phlegrean mandarin fruits to two LED regimes, white (W) and red-blue (RB), to test the possibility that the storage under specific light wavelengths may be used as green preservation technology that enhances fruit phytochemical properties. To pursue this aim, the antioxidant activity and polyphenolic profile of the pulp and peel of mandarins under W and RB light regimes were evaluated and compared with Control fruits not exposed to LED treatment. Our results indicated that storage under W and RB treatments modulates the antioxidant content in pulp and peel differently. Compared to W, the RB regime increases the ascorbic acid, flavonoid, anthocyanin, and carotenoid concentrations, while the polyphenol profile analysis reveals that the number of important phytochemicals, i.e., quercetin rutinoside, chlorogenic acid, sinensetin, and rutin, are higher under W. The overall data demonstrated that postharvest LED irradiation is a valid tool for modifying fruit phytochemical properties, which also boosts specific bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Costanzo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Ermenegilda Vitale
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Iesce
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Michele Spinelli
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Carolina Fontanarosa
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Roberta Paradiso
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Angela Amoresano
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Carmen Arena
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- NBFC-National Biodiversity Future Center, 90133 Palermo, Italy
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Vitale L, Vitale E, Francesca S, Lorenz C, Arena C. Plant-Growth Promoting Microbes Change the Photosynthetic Response to Light Quality in Spinach. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1149. [PMID: 36904009 PMCID: PMC10005764 DOI: 10.3390/plants12051149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the combined effect of plant growth under different light quality and the application of plant-growth-promoting microbes (PGPM) was considered on spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) to assess the influence of these factors on the photosynthetic performance. To pursue this goal, spinach plants were grown in a growth chamber at two different light quality regimes, full-spectrum white light (W) and red-blue light (RB), with (I) or without (NI) PGPM-based inoculants. Photosynthesis-light response curves (LRC) and photosynthesis-CO2 response curves (CRC) were performed for the four growth conditions (W-NI, RB-NI, W-I, and RB-I). At each step of LRC and CRC, net photosynthesis (PN), stomatal conductance (gs), Ci/Ca ratio, water use efficiency (WUEi), and fluorescence indexes were calculated. Moreover, parameters derived from the fitting of LRC, such as light-saturated net photosynthesis (PNmax), apparent light efficiency (Qpp), and dark respiration (Rd), as well as the Rubisco large subunit amount, were also determined. In not-inoculated plants, the growth under RB- regime improved PN compared to W-light because it increased stomatal conductance and favored the Rubisco synthesis. Furthermore, the RB regime also stimulates the processes of light conversion into chemical energy through chloroplasts, as indicated by the higher values of Qpp and PNmax in RB compared to W plants. On the contrary, in inoculated plants, the PN enhancement was significantly higher in W (30%) than in RB plants (17%), which showed the highest Rubisco content among all treatments. Our results indicate that the plant-growth-promoting microbes alter the photosynthetic response to light quality. This issue must be considered when PGPMs are used to improve plant growth performance in a controlled environment using artificial lighting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Vitale
- National Research Council, Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Sciences, Institute for Agricultural and Forestry Systems in the Mediterranean, P. le E. Fermi 1, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Ermenegilda Vitale
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Silvana Francesca
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Christian Lorenz
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Carmen Arena
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- NBFC-National Biodiversity Future Center, 90133 Palermo, Italy
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De Micco V, De Francesco S, Amitrano C, Arena C. Comparative Analysis of the Effect of Carbon- and Titanium-Ions Irradiation on Morpho-Anatomical and Biochemical Traits of Dolichos melanophthalmus DC. Seedlings Aimed to Space Exploration. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10112272. [PMID: 34834635 PMCID: PMC8618800 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The realization of manned missions for space exploration requires the development of Bioregenerative Life Support Systems (BLSSs) to make human colonies self-sufficient in terms of resources. Indeed, in these systems, plants contribute to resource regeneration and food production. However, the cultivation of plants in space is influenced by ionizing radiation which can have positive, null, or negative effects on plant growth depending on intrinsic and environmental/cultivation factors. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of high-LET (Linear Energy Transfer) ionizing radiation on seed germination and seedling development in eye bean. Dry seeds of Dolichos melanophthalmus DC. (eye bean) were irradiated with two doses (1 and 10 Gy) of C- and Ti-ions. Seedlings from irradiated seeds were compared with non-irradiated controls in terms of morpho-anatomical and biochemical traits. Results showed that the responses of eye bean plants to radiation are dose-specific and dependent on the type of ion. The information obtained from this study will be useful for evaluating the radio-resistance of eye bean seedlings, for their possible cultivation and utilization as food supplement in space environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica De Micco
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy; (S.D.F.); (C.A.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Sara De Francesco
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy; (S.D.F.); (C.A.)
| | - Chiara Amitrano
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy; (S.D.F.); (C.A.)
| | - Carmen Arena
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126 Napoli, Italy;
- Interuniversity Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology (BAT Center), 80055 Portici, Italy
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Light Spectral Composition Influences Structural and Eco-Physiological Traits of Solanum lycopersicum L. cv. 'Microtom' in Response to High-LET Ionizing Radiation. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10081752. [PMID: 34451797 PMCID: PMC8399554 DOI: 10.3390/plants10081752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated if specific light quality (LQ) regimes (white fluorescent, FL; full-spectrum, FS; red-blue, RB) during plant growth modified morphological and photosynthetic traits of Solanum lycopersicum L. 'Microtom' plants irradiated at the dry seed stage with 25 Gy 48Ca ions (IR). The irradiation reduced plant size while it increased leaf dry matter content (LDMC) and relative water content (RWC) compared to the control. FS and RB light regimes determined a decrease of plant height and a rise of RWC compared to FL plants. The irradiation under FS and RB regimes favoured the development of dwarf plants and improved the leaf water status. Under the FL regime, irradiated plants showed reduced photosynthesis and stomatal conductance. The opposite behavior was observed in RB irradiated plants in which gas exchanges were significantly stimulated. RB regime enhanced Rubisco expression in irradiated plants also inducing anatomical and functional adjustments (i.e., increase of leaf thickness and incidence of intercellular spaces). Finally, 48Ca ions did not prevent fruit ripening and the achievement of the 'seed-to seed' cycle, irrespective of the LQ regime. Overall, the present study evidenced that RB light regime was the most effective in optimising growth and photosynthetic efficiency of 'Microtom' irradiated plants. These outcomes may help to develop proper cultivation protocols for the growth of dwarf tomato in Controlled Ecological Life Support Systems (CELSS).
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