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Sawant KR, Sarnaik AP, Singh R, Savvashe P, Baier T, Kruse O, Jutur PP, Lali A, Pandit RA. Outdoor cultivation and metabolomics exploration of Chlamydomonas engineered for bisabolene production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 398:130513. [PMID: 38432540 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Demonstrating outdoor cultivation of engineered microalgae at considerable scales is essential for their prospective large-scale deployment. Hence, this study focuses on the outdoor cultivation of an engineered Chlamydomonas reinhardtii strain, 3XAgBs-SQs, for bisabolene production under natural dynamic conditions of light and temperature. Our preliminary outdoor experiments showed improved growth, but frequent culture collapses in conventional Tris-acetate-phosphate medium. In contrast, modified high-salt medium (HSM) supported prolonged cell survival, outdoor. However, their subsequent outdoor scale-up from 250 mL to 5 L in HSM was effective with 10 g/L bicarbonate supplementation. Pulse amplitude modulation fluorometry and metabolomic analysis further validated their improved photosynthesis and uncompromised metabolic fluxes towards the biomass and the products (natural carotenoids and engineered bisabolene). These strains could produce 906 mg/L bisabolene and 54 mg/L carotenoids, demonstrating the first successful outdoor photoautotrophic cultivation of engineeredC. reinhardtii,establishing it as a one-cell two-wells biorefinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaustubh R Sawant
- DBT-ICT Centre for Energy Biosciences, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India.
| | - Aditya P Sarnaik
- School for Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, The Polytechnic Campus, Mesa, AZ 85212, USA.
| | - Rabinder Singh
- Omics of Algae Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India; Laboratory of Cell Cycles of Algae, Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 237, Trebon 379 01, Czech Republic.
| | - Prashant Savvashe
- DBT-ICT Centre for Energy Biosciences, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India.
| | - Thomas Baier
- Bielefeld University, Faculty of Biology, Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Universitätsstrasse 27, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Olaf Kruse
- Bielefeld University, Faculty of Biology, Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Universitätsstrasse 27, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Pannaga Pavan Jutur
- Omics of Algae Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India.
| | - Arvind Lali
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India.
| | - Reena A Pandit
- DBT-ICT Centre for Energy Biosciences, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India.
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Random Mutagenesis as a Promising Tool for Microalgal Strain Improvement towards Industrial Production. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20070440. [PMID: 35877733 PMCID: PMC9318807 DOI: 10.3390/md20070440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Microalgae have become a promising novel and sustainable feedstock for meeting the rising demand for food and feed. However, microalgae-based products are currently hindered by high production costs. One major reason for this is that commonly cultivated wildtype strains do not possess the robustness and productivity required for successful industrial production. Several strain improvement technologies have been developed towards creating more stress tolerant and productive strains. While classical methods of forward genetics have been extensively used to determine gene function of randomly generated mutants, reverse genetics has been explored to generate specific mutations and target phenotypes. Site-directed mutagenesis can be accomplished by employing different gene editing tools, which enable the generation of tailor-made genotypes. Nevertheless, strategies promoting the selection of randomly generated mutants avoid the introduction of foreign genetic material. In this paper, we review different microalgal strain improvement approaches and their applications, with a primary focus on random mutagenesis. Current challenges hampering strain improvement, selection, and commercialization will be discussed. The combination of these approaches with high-throughput technologies, such as fluorescence-activated cell sorting, as tools to select the most promising mutants, will also be discussed.
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Vyas S, Bettiga M, Rova U, Christakopoulos P, Matsakas L, Patel A. Structural and Molecular Characterization of Squalene Synthase Belonging to the Marine Thraustochytrid Species Aurantiochytrium limacinum Using Bioinformatics Approach. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20030180. [PMID: 35323479 PMCID: PMC8955342 DOI: 10.3390/md20030180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The marine microorganisms thraustochytrids have been explored for their potential in the production of various bioactive compounds, such as DHA, carotenoids, and squalene. Squalene is a secondary metabolite of the triterpenoid class and is known for its importance in various industrial applications. The bioinformatic analysis for squalene synthase (SQS) gene (the first key enzyme in the tri-terpenoid synthesis pathway), that is prevailing among thraustochytrids, is poorly investigated. In-silico studies combining sequence alignments and bioinformatic tools helped in the preliminary characterization of squalene synthases found in Aurantiochytrium limacinum. The sequence contained highly conserved regions for SQS found among different species indicated the enzyme had all the regions for its functionality. The signal peptide sequence and transmembrane regions were absent, indicating an important aspect of the subcellular localization. Secondary and 3-D models generated using appropriate templates demonstrated the similarities with SQS of the other species. The 3-D model also provided important insights into possible active, binding, phosphorylation, and glycosylation sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Vyas
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental, and Natural Resource Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, 97187 Luleå, Sweden; (S.V.); (U.R.); (P.C.); (L.M.)
| | - Maurizio Bettiga
- Department of Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Gothenberg, Sweden;
- Bioeconomy Division, EviKrets Biobased Processes Consultants, Lunnavågen 87, 42834 Landvetter, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Rova
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental, and Natural Resource Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, 97187 Luleå, Sweden; (S.V.); (U.R.); (P.C.); (L.M.)
| | - Paul Christakopoulos
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental, and Natural Resource Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, 97187 Luleå, Sweden; (S.V.); (U.R.); (P.C.); (L.M.)
| | - Leonidas Matsakas
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental, and Natural Resource Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, 97187 Luleå, Sweden; (S.V.); (U.R.); (P.C.); (L.M.)
| | - Alok Patel
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental, and Natural Resource Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, 97187 Luleå, Sweden; (S.V.); (U.R.); (P.C.); (L.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +46-(0)-920-491-570
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