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Morales C, Riveros-Burgos C, Espinoza Seguel F, Maldonado C, Mashilo J, Pinto C, Contreras-Soto RI. Rootstocks Comparison in Grafted Watermelon under Water Deficit: Effects on the Fruit Quality and Yield. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:509. [PMID: 36771594 PMCID: PMC9920548 DOI: 10.3390/plants12030509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Drought is widely recognized as one of the most significant agricultural constraints worldwide. A strategy to avoid the adverse effects of drought on crops is to cultivate high-yielding varieties by grafting them onto drought-tolerant rootstocks with a differentiated root system. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate fruit yield and quality, root system architecture, and water productivity of watermelon grafted onto Lagenaria siceraria rootstocks. To do so, a commercial watermelon cultivar "Santa Amelia" [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.)] was grafted onto five L. siceraria rootstocks: 'Illapel', 'Osorno', 'BG-48', 'GC', and 'Philippines', which were grown under three irrigation treatments (100%, 75%, and 50% of evapotranspiration). The comparison of the L. siceraria rootstocks in the irrigation treatments demonstrated no significant effect on watermelon fruit quality parameters. The rootstocks 'Illapel', 'Osorno', and 'GC' significantly improved the fruit number and yield (total fruit weight) under water deficit. Similarly, 'Illapel', 'Osorno', and 'GC' consistently showed statistical differences for root system architecture traits compared to 'BG-48' and 'Philippines'. Based on these results, we concluded that the used L. siceraria rootstocks did not affect the fruit yield and quality of grafted watermelon under water deficit. This study may help adjust the amount of applied water for watermelon production where L. siceraria rootstocks are utilized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Morales
- Institute of Agri-Food, Animal and Environmental Sciences (ICA3), Universidad de O’Higgins, San Fernando 3070000, Chile
| | - Camilo Riveros-Burgos
- Institute of Agri-Food, Animal and Environmental Sciences (ICA3), Universidad de O’Higgins, San Fernando 3070000, Chile
| | - Felipe Espinoza Seguel
- Institute of Agri-Food, Animal and Environmental Sciences (ICA3), Universidad de O’Higgins, San Fernando 3070000, Chile
| | - Carlos Maldonado
- Institute of Agri-Food, Animal and Environmental Sciences (ICA3), Universidad de O’Higgins, San Fernando 3070000, Chile
- Centro de Genómica y Bioinformática, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago 8580745, Chile
| | - Jacob Mashilo
- Agriculture Regulatory and Technology Development Directorate, Towoomba Research Centre, Limpopo Department of Agriculture and Rural Development, Private Bag X1615, Bela-Bela 0480, South Africa
| | - Catalina Pinto
- Institute of Agri-Food, Animal and Environmental Sciences (ICA3), Universidad de O’Higgins, San Fernando 3070000, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Iván Contreras-Soto
- Institute of Agri-Food, Animal and Environmental Sciences (ICA3), Universidad de O’Higgins, San Fernando 3070000, Chile
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Contreras-Soto RI, Zacarias Rafael D, Domingos Moiana L, Maldonado C, Mora-Poblete F. Variation in Root-Related Traits Is Associated With Water Uptake in Lagenaria siceraria Genotypes Under Water-Deficit Conditions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:897256. [PMID: 35720562 PMCID: PMC9201500 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.897256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
In many agricultural areas, crop production has decreased due to a lack of water availability, which is having a negative impact on sustainability and putting food security at risk. In plants, the plasticity of the root system architecture (RSA) is considered to be a key trait driving the modification of the growth and structure of roots in response to water deficits. The purpose of this study was to examine the plasticity of the RSA traits (mean root diameter, MRD; root volume, RV; root length, RL; and root surface area, SA) associated with drought tolerance in eight Lagenaria siceraria (Mol. Standl) genotypes, representing three different geographical origins: South Africa (BG-58, BG-78, and GC), Asia (Philippines and South Korea), and Chile (Illapel, Chepica, and Osorno). The RSA changes were evaluated at four substrate depths (from 0 to 40 cm). Bottle gourd genotypes were grown in 20 L capacity pots under two contrasting levels of irrigation (well-watered and water-deficit conditions). The results showed that the water productivity (WP) had a significant effect on plasticity values, with the Chilean accessions having the highest values. Furthermore, Illapel and Chepica genotypes presented the highest WP, MRD, and RV values under water-deficit conditions, in which MRD and RV were significant in the deeper layers (20-30 and 30-40 cm). Biplot analysis showed that the Illapel and Chepica genotypes presented a high WP, MRD, and RV, which confirmed that these may be promising drought-tolerant genotypes. Consequently, increased root diameter and volume in bottle gourd may constitute a response to a water deficit. The RSA traits studied here can be used as selection criteria in bottle gourd breeding programs under water-deficit conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Iván Contreras-Soto
- Instituto de Ciencias Agroalimentarias, Animales y Ambientales, Universidad de O' Higgins, San Fernando, Chile
| | | | | | - Carlos Maldonado
- Instituto de Ciencias Agroalimentarias, Animales y Ambientales, Universidad de O' Higgins, San Fernando, Chile
- *Correspondence: Carlos Maldonado
| | - Freddy Mora-Poblete
- Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Talca, Talca, Chile
- Freddy Mora-Poblete
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Nogueira dos Reis D, Guimarães Silva F, da Costa Santana R, Caetano de Oliveira T, Brito Freiberger M, Barbosa da Silva F, Monteiro Júnior E, Müller C. Growth, Physiology and Nutrient Use Efficiency in Eugenia dysenterica DC under Varying Rates of Nitrogen and Phosphorus. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9060722. [PMID: 32521605 PMCID: PMC7355562 DOI: 10.3390/plants9060722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The production of high-quality seedlings and their use in commercial planting reduce pressure on natural areas. Eugenia dysenterica DC is a native fruit tree from the Brazilian Cerrado, whose nutritional requirements are still unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) supplementation on the physiology, growth and nutrient uptake, and use efficiencies of E. dysenterica seedlings grown in glasshouse conditions. The following rates were used in separate experiments: 0, 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg dm−3 N and 0, 100, 200, 400, and 600 mg dm−3 P. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block with four replications. The lowest N rate (50 mg dm−3) increased the stomatal conductance (gS) and, consequently, resulted in the highest transpiration (E), electron transport (ETR), and photosynthetic (A) rates. Also, rates of 50 mg dm−3 and 100 mg dm−3 N increased the Root Uptake Efficiency (RUE) and plant Nutrient Use Efficiency (NUE) for macronutrients and the RUE for micronutrients, stimulating plant growth. Phosphorous fertilization resulted in the maximum values for photosynthesis, electron transport rate, total dry mass, and NUE at the 200 mg dm−3 rate. The results of this study suggest that fertilization with 50 mg dm−3 N and 200 mg dm−3 P is suitable for the development of E. dysenterica seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Nogueira dos Reis
- Plant Tissue Culture Laboratory, Goiano Federal Institute of Science and Technology—Campus Rio Verde, P.O. Box 66, 75901-970 Rio Verde, GO, Brazil; (D.N.d.R.); (R.d.C.S.); (T.C.d.O.); (M.B.F.)
| | - Fabiano Guimarães Silva
- Plant Tissue Culture Laboratory, Goiano Federal Institute of Science and Technology—Campus Rio Verde, P.O. Box 66, 75901-970 Rio Verde, GO, Brazil; (D.N.d.R.); (R.d.C.S.); (T.C.d.O.); (M.B.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-64-3620-5617
| | - Reginaldo da Costa Santana
- Plant Tissue Culture Laboratory, Goiano Federal Institute of Science and Technology—Campus Rio Verde, P.O. Box 66, 75901-970 Rio Verde, GO, Brazil; (D.N.d.R.); (R.d.C.S.); (T.C.d.O.); (M.B.F.)
| | - Thales Caetano de Oliveira
- Plant Tissue Culture Laboratory, Goiano Federal Institute of Science and Technology—Campus Rio Verde, P.O. Box 66, 75901-970 Rio Verde, GO, Brazil; (D.N.d.R.); (R.d.C.S.); (T.C.d.O.); (M.B.F.)
| | - Mariângela Brito Freiberger
- Plant Tissue Culture Laboratory, Goiano Federal Institute of Science and Technology—Campus Rio Verde, P.O. Box 66, 75901-970 Rio Verde, GO, Brazil; (D.N.d.R.); (R.d.C.S.); (T.C.d.O.); (M.B.F.)
| | - Fábia Barbosa da Silva
- Plants Stress Study Laboratory, University of São Paulo, Luiz de QueirózAgriculture School, P.O. Box 9, 13418-900 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil;
| | - Elídio Monteiro Júnior
- Biodiversity Laboratory, Minas South Federal Institute of Science and Technology—Campus Poços de Caldas, 37713-100 Poços de Caldas, MG, Brazil;
| | - Caroline Müller
- Ecophysiology and Plant Productivity Laboratory, Goiano Federal Institute of Science and Technology—Campus Rio Verde, P.O. Box 66, 75901-970 Rio Verde, GO, Brazil;
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Iqbal A, Dong Q, Wang X, Gui HP, Zhang H, Pang N, Zhang X, Song M. Nitrogen preference and genetic variation of cotton genotypes for nitrogen use efficiency. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2020; 100:2761-2773. [PMID: 32020619 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although nitrogen (N) availability is a major determinant of cotton production, little is known about the importance of plants' preference for ammonium versus nitrate for better growth and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). We aimed to assess the growth, physiology, and NUE of contrasting N-efficient cotton genotypes (Z-1017, N-efficient and GD-89, N-inefficient) supplied with low and high concentrations of ammonium- and nitrate-N. RESULTS The results revealed that ammonium fed plants showed poor root growth, lower dry biomass, N content, leaf chlorophyll and gas exchange than those under nitrate irrespective of the concentration. However, the highest N uptake and utilization efficiency were obtained with nitrate fed plants, which also resulted in the highest dry biomass, N content, leaf chlorophyll and gas exchange as well as root growth. The results further confirmed that N-efficient (Z-1017) genotype performed better under both N sources, showing more flexibility to contrasting N condition by increasing growth and NUE in either source of N. Moreover, multivariate analysis showed a strong relationship of root morphological traits with N utilization efficiency, suggesting the physiological importance of roots over shoots in response to low nitrate concentration. CONCLUSION Thus, it was confirmed that nitrate-N is superior to ammonium-N and the use of nitrate and N-efficient genotype is the best option for optimum cotton growth and NUE. Further, field evaluation is required to confirm the hypothesis that nitrate is a preferred N source for better cotton production and NUE. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asif Iqbal
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, P. R. China
| | - Xiangru Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, P. R. China
| | - Hui-Ping Gui
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, P. R. China
| | - Hengheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, P. R. China
| | - Nianchang Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, P. R. China
| | - Xiling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, P. R. China
| | - Meizhen Song
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, P. R. China
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Iqbal A, Qiang D, Zhun W, Xiangru W, Huiping G, Hengheng Z, Nianchang P, Xiling Z, Meizhen S. Growth and nitrogen metabolism are associated with nitrogen-use efficiency in cotton genotypes. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 149:61-74. [PMID: 32050119 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Crops, including cotton, are sensitive to nitrogen (N) and excessive use can lead to an increase in production costs and environmental problems. We hypothesized that the use of cotton genotypes with substantial root systems and high genetic potentials for nitrogen-use efficiency (NUE) would best address these problems. Therefore, the interspecific variations and traits contributing to NUE in six cotton genotypes having contrasting NUEs were studied in response to various nitrate concentrations. Large genotypic variations were observed in morphophysiological and biochemical traits, especially shoot dry weight, root traits, and N-assimilating enzyme levels. The roots of all the cotton genotypes were more sensitive to low-than high-nitrate concentrations, and the genotype CCRI-69 had the largest root system irrespective of the nitrate concentration. The root morphological traits were positively correlated with N-utilization efficiency and were more affected by genotype than nitrate concentration. Conversely, growth and N-assimilating enzyme levels were more affected by nitrate concentration and were positively correlated with N-uptake efficiency. Based on shoot dry weight, CCRI-69 and XLZ-30 were identified as N-efficient and N-inefficient genotypes, respectively, and these results were confirmed by their contrasting root systems, N metabolism, and NUEs. In the future, multi-omics techniques will be performed to identify key genes/pathways involved in N metabolism, which may have the potential to improve root architecture and increase NUE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asif Iqbal
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, PR China.
| | - Dong Qiang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, PR China
| | - Wang Zhun
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, PR China
| | - Wang Xiangru
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, PR China
| | - Gui Huiping
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, PR China
| | - Zhang Hengheng
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, PR China
| | - Pang Nianchang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, PR China
| | - Zhang Xiling
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, PR China.
| | - Song Meizhen
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, PR China.
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