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Bernegossi AM, Galindo DJ, Peres PHF, Vozdova M, Cernohorska H, Kubickova S, Kadlcikova D, Rubes J, Duarte JMB. Comparative karyotype analysis of the red brocket deer (M. americana sensu lato and M. rufa) complex: evidence of drastic chromosomal evolution and implications on speciation process. J Appl Genet 2024:10.1007/s13353-024-00861-4. [PMID: 38662189 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-024-00861-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Chromosomal rearrangements are often associated with playing a role in the speciation process. However, the underlying mechanism that favors the genetic isolation associated with chromosomal changes remains elusive. In this sense, the genus Mazama is recognized by its high level of karyotype diversity among species with similar morphology. A cryptic species complex has been identified within the genus, with the red brocket deer (Mazama americana and Mazama rufa) being the most impressive example. The chromosome variation was clustered in cytotypes with diploid numbers ranging from 42 to 53 and was correlated with geographical location. We conducted an analysis of chromosome evolution of the red brocket deer complex using comparative chromosome painting and Bacterial Artificial Chromosome (BAC) clones among different cytotypes. The aim was to deepen our understanding of the karyotypic relationships within the red brocket, thereby elucidating the significant chromosome variation among closely related species. This underscores the significance of chromosome changes as a key evolutionary process shaping their genomes. The results revealed the presence of three distinct cytogenetic lineages characterized by significant karyotypic divergence, suggesting the existence of efficient post-zygotic barriers. Tandem fusions constitute the main mechanism driving karyotype evolution, following a few centric fusions, inversion X-autosomal fusions. The BAC mapping has improved our comprehension of the karyotypic relationships within the red brocket deer complex, prompting questions regarding the role of these changes in the speciation process. We propose the red brocket as a model group to investigate how chromosomal changes contribute to isolation and explore the implications of these changes in taxonomy and conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agda Maria Bernegossi
- Deer Research and Conservation Center (NUPECCE), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, Sao Paulo, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - David Javier Galindo
- Deer Research and Conservation Center (NUPECCE), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, Sao Paulo, 14884-900, Brazil.
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, National University of San Marcos, San Borja, 15021, Lima, Peru.
| | - Pedro Henrique Faria Peres
- Deer Research and Conservation Center (NUPECCE), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, Sao Paulo, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Miluse Vozdova
- Central European Institute of Technology-Veterinary Research Institute, 621 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Halina Cernohorska
- Central European Institute of Technology-Veterinary Research Institute, 621 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Svatava Kubickova
- Central European Institute of Technology-Veterinary Research Institute, 621 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Dita Kadlcikova
- Central European Institute of Technology-Veterinary Research Institute, 621 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Rubes
- Central European Institute of Technology-Veterinary Research Institute, 621 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - José Maurício Barbanti Duarte
- Deer Research and Conservation Center (NUPECCE), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, Sao Paulo, 14884-900, Brazil.
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Borja Lozano MV, Vigil Santillán B, More Montoya MJ, Morón Barraza JA, García-Serquén AL, Gutiérrez Reynoso G, Yalta-Macedo CE. Genotyping-by-sequencing reveals a high number and quality of single nucleotide polymorphisms in guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) from the Peruvian Andes. Anim Genet 2023; 54:792-797. [PMID: 37796666 DOI: 10.1111/age.13367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Guinea pigs are a major source of animal protein for Peruvian Andean families. Despite the economic and cultural relevance of guinea pigs, their genomic characterization has been scarcely addressed. Genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) has emerged as an affordable alternative to genotyping of livestock and native animals. Here, we report the use of GBS for single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) discovery of traditionally raised guinea pigs from six regions of the Peruvian Andes and one group of breeding animals. The paired-end (2 × 150 bp) sequencing of 40 guinea pig DNA samples generated a mean of 6.4 million high-quality sequencing reads per sample. We obtained an average sequencing depth of 10× with an 88.5% mapping rate to the Cavia porcellus reference genome. A total of 279 965 SNPs (102 SNPs/Mbp) were identified after variant calling and quality filtering. Based on this SNP set, we assessed the genetic diversity and distance within our selected guinea pig populations. An overall average minor allele frequency of 0.13, an observed heterozygosity of 0.31, an expected heterozygosity of 0.35, and an F-value of 0.1 were obtained, while the SNP-based neighbor-joining tree suggests a closer genetic relationship between individuals from geographically close locations. We showed that GBS is a cost-effective tool for SNP discovery and genetic characterization of Peruvian guinea pig populations. Therefore, it may be considered as a suitable and affordable tool for genomic characterization of poorly studied native animal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Victoria Borja Lozano
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Dirección de Recursos Genéticos y Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria, Lima, Peru
- Facultad de Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Lima, Peru
| | - Bianca Vigil Santillán
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Dirección de Recursos Genéticos y Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria, Lima, Peru
| | - Manuel J More Montoya
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Cusco, Peru
| | | | - Aura Liz García-Serquén
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Dirección de Recursos Genéticos y Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Claudia E Yalta-Macedo
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Dirección de Recursos Genéticos y Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria, Lima, Peru
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Rojas-Guerra G, Dipaz-Berrocal D, Mellisho E. PTEN inhibitor and kit ligand increase in vitro activation and survival of primordial follicles in alpaca. Anat Histol Embryol 2023; 52:1010-1015. [PMID: 37694739 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
In mammals, activation of primordial follicles to primary follicle is a progressive and highly regulated process. There is evidence in mice that phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on Chromosome 10 (PTEN) silencing is an important negative regulator of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), which initiates activation of dormant follicles. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of the addition of PTEN inhibitor (bpV(HOpic)) (10 μM) and/or Kit Ligand (KL) (100 ng/mL) on the in vitro activation and survival of alpaca primordial follicles. Ovarian cortical fragments from 11 adult alpacas were cultured for 24 h in tissue culture medium (α-MEM+ ) supplemented with KL and bpV or the association of both. Subsequently, each sample was processed by classical histology and follicular counting and classification were performed. The results obtained show a reduction (p < 0.05) of primordial follicles in more than 50% in follicular tissue cultured in vitro in α-MEM+ or supplemented with bpV and/or KL versus the control (not cultured). Further, >25% increase in primary follicles in follicular tissue cultured in vitro in α-MEM+ or supplemented with KL and/or bpV versus control. However, the follicular survival rate showed a decrease of 20% in the cultured tissues, except for the α-MEM+ supplemented with KL and bpV. In conclusion, supplementation of bpV (HOpic) (10 μM) and KL (100 ng/mL) increased the activation in vitro of primordial follicles and survival after in vitro culture of alpaca ovarian tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Rojas-Guerra
- Histology and Cytology Laboratory, Centro de Investigación en Tecnología de Embriones, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Lima, Peru
| | - Deysi Dipaz-Berrocal
- Histology and Cytology Laboratory, Centro de Investigación en Tecnología de Embriones, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Lima, Peru
| | - Edwin Mellisho
- Histology and Cytology Laboratory, Centro de Investigación en Tecnología de Embriones, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Lima, Peru
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Huayhua C, Rodríguez M, Vega J, Briones M, Rodriguez-Alvarez L, Mellisho E. Blastulation time measured with time-lapse system can predict in vitro viability of bovine blastocysts. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0289751. [PMID: 37561791 PMCID: PMC10414680 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the time of blastulation monitored by time-lapse technology to predict in vitro viability of bovine blastocysts. This technology can be a powerful tool for bovine embryos selection with higher implantation capacity and competence. Also, in humans an early blastulation is associated with higher quality and pregnancy rate. Cumulus oocyte complexes (COCs) were matured for 20 to 22 h and then fertilized by co-incubation of COCs and spermatozoa (10,000 sperm per oocyte) for 18 h. Presumptive zygotes were placed individually in microwells, in droplets of commercial culture medium. The Primo Vision TL system (EVO+; Vitrolife) captured digital images of developing embryos every 15 minutes. The time frame from IVF to the start of blastulation (tSB) and to blastocyst development (tB) was recorded. After day 7.5, the blastocysts were in vitro culture for 48 h until day 9.5 after IVF to evaluate post hatching development. In vitro viability was evaluated at day 9.5: those with a diameter greater than 200 μm and a total cell count greater than 180 were classified as viable (value 1), while the rest were classified as non in vitro viable (value 0). The area under the ROC curve (AUC) was estimated to determine the predictive power of in vitro viability through blastulation time. In addition, binary logistic regression analysis was used to generate a mathematical model with morphokinetic variables that allow the best prediction of in vitro viability. In 13 sessions, the blastocyst production rate was 46.2% (96/208). The cut-off time to discriminate early or late blastulation was 149.8 h. The post-hatching development of the embryos with early blastulation was 63.3% (31/49), being statistically superior (p = 0.001) than the late blastulation group 14.9% (7/47). Likewise, the time of blastulation showed an accuracy of 90.8% (p < 0.001) in predicting in vitro viability of bovine blastocysts. In conclusion, the selection of blastocysts based on blastulation time (< 155 h) and blastocyst diameter measured on day 7.5 after IVF (> 180 μm) maximizes the in vitro viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Huayhua
- Centro de Investigación en Tecnología de Embriones (CIETE), Animal Improvement Program, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Lima, Perú
| | - Misael Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigación en Tecnología de Embriones (CIETE), Animal Improvement Program, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Lima, Perú
| | - Jhorjhi Vega
- Centro de Investigación en Tecnología de Embriones (CIETE), Animal Improvement Program, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Lima, Perú
| | - Mario Briones
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Chillán, Concepción, Chile
| | - Lleretny Rodriguez-Alvarez
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Chillán, Concepción, Chile
| | - Edwin Mellisho
- Centro de Investigación en Tecnología de Embriones (CIETE), Animal Improvement Program, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Lima, Perú
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La Torre RD, Ramos D, Mejía MD, Neyra E, Loarte E, Orjeda G. Survey of Lichenized Fungi DNA Barcodes on King George Island (Antarctica): An Aid to Species Discovery. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9050552. [PMID: 37233263 DOI: 10.3390/jof9050552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA barcoding is a powerful method for the identification of lichenized fungi groups for which the diversity is already well-represented in nucleotide databases, and an accurate, robust taxonomy has been established. However, the effectiveness of DNA barcoding for identification is expected to be limited for understudied taxa or regions. One such region is Antarctica, where, despite the importance of lichens and lichenized fungi identification, their genetic diversity is far from characterized. The aim of this exploratory study was to survey the lichenized fungi diversity of King George Island using a fungal barcode marker as an initial identification tool. Samples were collected unrestricted to specific taxa in coastal areas near Admiralty Bay. Most samples were identified using the barcode marker and verified up to the species or genus level with a high degree of similarity. A posterior morphological evaluation focused on samples with novel barcodes allowed for the identification of unknown Austrolecia, Buellia, and Lecidea s.l. species. These results contribute to better represent the lichenized fungi diversity in understudied regions such as Antarctica by increasing the richness of the nucleotide databases. Furthermore, the approach used in this study is valuable for exploratory surveys in understudied regions to guide taxonomic efforts towards species recognition and discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato Daniel La Torre
- Laboratorio de Genómica y Bioinformática para la Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, German Amezaga 375, Lima 15081, Peru
- Dirección de Investigación en Glaciares, Instituto Nacional de Investigación en Glaciares y Ecosistemas de Montaña, Centenario 2656, Huaraz 02002, Peru
| | - Daniel Ramos
- Herbario Sur Peruano-Instituto Científico Michael Owen Dillon, Jorge Chavez 610, Arequipa 04001, Peru
| | - Mayra Doris Mejía
- Dirección de Investigación en Glaciares, Instituto Nacional de Investigación en Glaciares y Ecosistemas de Montaña, Centenario 2656, Huaraz 02002, Peru
| | - Edgar Neyra
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Honorio Delgado 430, Lima 15102, Peru
- Unidad de Investigación Genómica, Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Honorio Delgado 430, Lima 15102, Peru
| | - Edwin Loarte
- Facultad de Ciencias del Ambiente, Universidad Nacional Santiago Antúnez de Mayolo, Centenario 200, Huaraz 02002, Peru
| | - Gisella Orjeda
- Laboratorio de Genómica y Bioinformática para la Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, German Amezaga 375, Lima 15081, Peru
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Gómez-Castillo MA, Rivera Romero C, Reátegui-Ochoa K, Mamani Zapana E, Silva-Jaimes M. Ozone Efficacy for the Disinfection of Ambulances Used to Transport Patients during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Peru. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:ijerph20105776. [PMID: 37239505 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20105776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We assessed the disinfection efficacy of an ozone generator prototype in ambulances used to transport patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19). This research consisted of three stages: in vitro tests using microbial indicators, such as Candida albicans, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella phage, which were experimentally inoculated onto polystyrene crystal surfaces within a 23 m3 enclosure. They were then exposed to ozone at a 25 ppm concentration using the ozone generator (Tecnofood SAC) portable prototype, and the decimal reduction time (D) was estimated for each indicator. The second stage involved the experimental inoculation of the same microbial indicators on a variety of surfaces inside conventional ambulances. The third stage consisted of exploratory field testing in ambulances used to transport patients with suspected COVID-19. During the second and third stages, samples were collected by swabbing different surfaces before and after 25 ppm ozonisation for 30 min. Results suggested that ozone was most effective on Candida albicans (D = 2.65 min), followed by Escherichia coli (D = 3.14 min), Salmonella phage (D = 5.01 min) and Staphylococcus aureus (D = 5.40 min). Up to 5% of the microbes survived following ozonisation of conventional ambulances. Of the 126 surface samples collected from ambulances transporting patients with COVID-19, 7 were positive (5.6%) for SARS-related coronavirus as determined on reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Ozone exposure from the ozone generator prototype inside ambulances at a concentration of 25 ppm for 30 min can eliminate gram positive and negative bacteria, yeasts, and viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Alejandro Gómez-Castillo
- Laboratorio de Microbiología de Alimentos, Facultad de Industrias Alimentarias, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Lima 15024, Peru
| | | | - Kevin Reátegui-Ochoa
- Laboratorio de Microbiología de Alimentos, Facultad de Industrias Alimentarias, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Lima 15024, Peru
| | | | - Marcial Silva-Jaimes
- Laboratorio de Microbiología de Alimentos, Facultad de Industrias Alimentarias, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Lima 15024, Peru
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Contreras MJ, Núñez-Montero K, Bruna P, Zárate A, Pezo F, García M, Leal K, Barrientos L. Mammals' sperm microbiome: current knowledge, challenges, and perspectives on metagenomics of seminal samples. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1167763. [PMID: 37138598 PMCID: PMC10149849 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1167763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial growth is highly detrimental to sperm quality and functionality. However, during the last few years, using sequencing techniques with a metagenomic approach, it has been possible to deepen the study of bacteria-sperm relationships and describe non-culturable species and synergistic and antagonistic relationships between the different species in mammalian animals. We compile the recent metagenomics studies performed on mammalian semen samples and provide updated evidence to understand the importance of the microbial communities in the results of sperm quality and sperm functionality of males, looking for future perspectives on how these technologies can collaborate in the development of andrological knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- María José Contreras
- Extreme Environments Biotechnology Lab, Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Kattia Núñez-Montero
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Temuco, Chile
| | - Pablo Bruna
- Extreme Environments Biotechnology Lab, Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Ana Zárate
- Extreme Environments Biotechnology Lab, Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Felipe Pezo
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Recursos Naturales y Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Santo Tomás, Santiago, Chile
| | - Matías García
- Extreme Environments Biotechnology Lab, Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Karla Leal
- Extreme Environments Biotechnology Lab, Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Leticia Barrientos
- Extreme Environments Biotechnology Lab, Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
- Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
- *Correspondence: Leticia Barrientos,
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Cristi-Montero C, Peña-Jorquera H, Landaeta-Díaz L, Mello JB, Araya-Quintanilla F, Brand C, Reuter C, Jorquera C, Ferrari G. The inverse relationship between fatness and bone mineral content is mediated by the adolescent appendicular skeletal muscle mass index: The Cogni-Action Project. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1040116. [PMID: 36458170 PMCID: PMC9705589 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1040116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Excess adipose tissue negatively influences bone health during childhood, affecting future bone fragility diseases such as osteoporosis. However, little is known about how adolescent appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMI) may mediate the relation between fatness and bone mineral content (BMC). Methods The sample comprised 1,296 adolescents (50% girls) aged 10-14. A principal component analysis was performed to obtain a factor made up of four fatness indicators (a) neck circumference, (b) kilograms of fat, (c) visceral fat area, and (d) waist-to-height ratio. BMC, kilograms of fat, visceral fat area, and appendicular skeletal muscle mass were obtained by a multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analyzer. ASMI was calculated as the appendicular skeletal muscle mass divided by height squared (kg/m2). A mediation analysis was performed adjusting by age, sex, maturation, socioeconomic status, physical activity, and adolescents' body weight. We also explore differences by sex and nutritional status. Results The fatness factor explained 71.5% of the proportion variance. Fatness was inversely associated with the ASMI and BMC, while the ASMI was positively related to BMC. Overall, the inverse relationship between fatness and BMC was partially mediated by the adolescents' ASMI (29.7%, indirect effect: B= -0.048, 95%CI -0.077 to -0.022), being higher in girls than in boys (32.9 vs. 29.2%). Besides, the mediation effect was higher in adolescents with normal body weight than with overweight-obese (37.6 vs 23.9%, respectively). Conclusions This finding highlighted the relevance of promoting healthy habits to reduce fatness and improve muscle mass in adolescents. Moreover, this highlights the central role of ASMI mediating the inverse association between fatness and BMC in female and male adolescents. Public health strategies should promote bone health in childhood, reducing the incidence of early osteopenia and osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Cristi-Montero
- IRyS Group, Physical Education School, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Humberto Peña-Jorquera
- IRyS Group, Physical Education School, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Leslie Landaeta-Díaz
- Facultad de Salud y Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de las Américas, Santiago, Chile
| | - Julio B. Mello
- Physical Education School, Faculdade SOGIPA, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- eFiDac Group, Physical Education School, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Felipe Araya-Quintanilla
- Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Odontología y Ciencias de la Rehabilitación, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Caroline Brand
- IRyS Group, Physical Education School, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- Graduate Program in Health Promotion, Universidade de Santa Cruz do Sul—UNISC, Santa Cruz do Sul, Brazil
| | - Cézane Reuter
- Graduate Program in Health Promotion, Universidade de Santa Cruz do Sul—UNISC, Santa Cruz do Sul, Brazil
| | - Carlos Jorquera
- Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gerson Ferrari
- Escuela de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte y la Salud, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago, Chile
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Wlodarczyk A, Méndez L, Cusi O, Telletxea S, Mendia J, Briceño M, Delgado D, Balbontín F, Lecaros A, Páez D. Superordinate identities and self-transcendent emotions: Longitudinal study in Spain and Chile. Front Psychol 2022; 13:989850. [PMID: 36438344 PMCID: PMC9692013 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.989850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that identification with all humanity (IWAH), apart from being related to universalistic values, could also be related to self-transcendent emotions (STE). In this scenario, the general objective of this cross-cultural longitudinal study is to examine the relationship between identification with proximate categories (i.e., community and country) and superordinate one (all humanity), and their association with positive self-oriented and STEs during a traumatic global phenomenon such as COVID-19 pandemics. Additionally, we explore variations regarding the patterns of those associations in different cultural contexts (Chile and Spain) and examine whether they change among two different time points (T1-T2). The total sample was composed of 403 participants, of whom 224 were residents in Chile (M = 39.25, SD = 12.56; range 18-71 years; 49.6% women) and 179 were residents in Spain (M = 36.35, SD = 12.12; range 18-68 years; 59.8% women). Data collection was carried out in September (T1) and November (T2) 2020, through online surveys administered via Survey Monkey® platform. Overall, results show, as expected, greater identification with proximate categories rather than superordinate ones, and an association between STEs and IWAH, but also with national and community identification. IWAH, but not STEs decreased significantly (T1-T2) in both countries. Thereafter, these emotional and behavioral responses decline as a symptom of growing fatigue with the pandemic situation, and also reflect a shift from broader to more local concerns. Analysis regarding comparisons between countries indicated higher levels of identification with community and with all humanity in Spain and with country in Chile. The results are discussed in the context of new developments in studies on IWAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Wlodarczyk
- Escuela de Psicología, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Lander Méndez
- Department of Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Olaia Cusi
- Department of Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Saioa Telletxea
- Department of Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Jara Mendia
- Department of Basic Psychological Processes and Their Development, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Mauricio Briceño
- Escuela de Psicología, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Daniela Delgado
- Escuela de Psicología, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta, Chile
| | | | - Alexandra Lecaros
- Escuela de Psicología, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Darío Páez
- Department of Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, San Sebastián, Spain
- PhD Programme in Education and Society, Faculty of Education and Social Sciences at Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago de Chile, Chile
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10
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Baldanzi S, Saldías GS, Vargas CA, Porri F. Long term environmental variability modulates the epigenetics of maternal traits of kelp crabs in the coast of Chile. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18806. [PMID: 36335115 PMCID: PMC9637151 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23165-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The methylation of DNA is an environmentally inducible epigenetic mechanism reflecting the short-term ecological and environmental background of populations. Marine invertebrate populations, which spread along a latitudinal cline, are particularly suitable for profiling DNA methylation, due to the heterogenous environmental conditions experienced. We used the MSAP (Methylation Sensitive Amplified Polymorphism) technique to investigate the natural variation in DNA methylation of different female's tissues (muscle, gonads, and gills) and early-stage eggs from five populations of the kelp crab Taliepus dentatus, distributed along a latitudinal cline in the coast of Chile. We assessed whether, (1) the distribution of DNA methylation profiles can be associated with the temporal variability of long term (18 years) climatologies (sea surface temperature, turbidity and productivity) and (2) the epigenetic diversity of eggs is related to the population-level phenotypic variability of several maternal investment traits (egg volume, egg weight, egg lipids and fecundity). The DNA methylation of eggs correlated positively and negatively with the long term variability in productivity and sea surface temperature, respectively. Furthermore, the diversity of DNA methylation of eggs correlated positively with the population-level phenotypic variability of several maternal investment traits, suggesting a key role of epigenetic mechanisms in generating phenotypic variability at population level for this species. We provide evidence of a strong link between the temporal variability of long term climatologies with the epigenetic profiles of key early ontogenetic traits associated with the maternal investment of kelp crabs. These modulating mechanisms can hence contribute early to phenotypic variability at population levels in response to local and past environmental fluctuation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Baldanzi
- Laboratorio de Ecofisiologia y Ecologia evolutiva marinas (eCO2lab), Facultad de Ciencia del Mar y de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Valparaíso, Av. Borgoño 16344, Viña del Mar, Chile.
- Centro de Observación Marino para Estudios de Riesgos del Ambiente Costero (COSTA-R), Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaiso, Chile.
- South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB), Private Bag 1015, Makhanda, 6139, South Africa.
| | - Gonzalo S Saldías
- Instituto Milenio en Socio-Ecología Costera (SECOS), P. Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Concepción, Chile
| | - Cristian A Vargas
- Instituto Milenio en Socio-Ecología Costera (SECOS), P. Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Laboratorio de Ecosistemas Costeros y Cambio Ambiental Global (ECCALab), Departamento de Sistemas Acuáticos, Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Centro de Ciencias Ambientales EULA Chile, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Francesca Porri
- South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB), Private Bag 1015, Makhanda, 6139, South Africa
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Makhanda, 6139, South Africa
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11
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Goñas M, Rubio KB, Rojas Briceño NB, Pariente-Mondragón E, Oliva-Cruz M. Tree diversity in agroforestry systems of native fine-aroma cacao, Amazonas, Peru. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0275994. [PMID: 36227901 PMCID: PMC9560059 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cocoa cultivation is of considerable economic and social importance to the Amazonas region and is commonly associated with forest species in the region. However, the diversification level and composition of cacao agroforestry systems in Peru are poorly understood. The objective of this study is, therefore, to describe the diversity of tree species in cocoa AFS by plantation age. Accordingly, the number of species of 15 plots covering a total of 1.5 hectares was recorded. Moderately low levels of tree species diversity were reported (H´ ranged 0.89-1.45). In total 17 species were reported throughout the study area. The most abundant botanical family was represented by a single Musa sp. species. The dissimilarity indices show a moderate similarity between the age ranges evaluated (over 62%). Additionally, the IVI indicates that the most important species are used for food and timber apart from providing shade, additionally major of this species are introduced intentionally for the farmers. Based on the observations, it may be concluded that the farmer's interest in obtaining further benefits from the plot, mostly economic benefits affect the diversification of cocoa agroforestry systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malluri Goñas
- Instituto de Investigación para el Desarrollo Sustentable de Ceja de Selva, Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas, Chachapoyas, Perú
- * E-mail:
| | - Karol B. Rubio
- Instituto de Investigación para el Desarrollo Sustentable de Ceja de Selva, Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas, Chachapoyas, Perú
| | - Nilton B. Rojas Briceño
- Instituto de Investigación para el Desarrollo Sustentable de Ceja de Selva, Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas, Chachapoyas, Perú
| | - Elí Pariente-Mondragón
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas, Chachapoyas, Perú
| | - Manuel Oliva-Cruz
- Instituto de Investigación para el Desarrollo Sustentable de Ceja de Selva, Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas, Chachapoyas, Perú
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12
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Pino-Seguel P, Moya O, Borquez JC, Pino-de la Fuente F, Díaz-Castro F, Donoso-Barraza C, Llanos M, Troncoso R, Bravo-Sagua R. Sucralose consumption ameliorates high-fat diet-induced glucose intolerance and liver weight gain in mice. Front Nutr 2022; 9:979624. [PMID: 36225871 PMCID: PMC9549123 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.979624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sucralose is one of the most widely used artificial sweeteners used by the food industry to reduce the calorie density of their products. Although broadly regarded as innocuous, studies show contrasting results depending on whether the research subjects are lean or overweight. In this study, we studied the effect of sucralose consumption on glucose homeostasis in a model of obesity. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed ad libitum with control or a high-fat diet (HFD) and drank either water or sucralose (0.1 mg/mL) for 8 weeks. To characterize the ensuing metabolic changes, we evaluated weight gain, glucose and pyruvate tolerance, and physical performance. Also, we assessed markers of steatosis and mitochondrial mass and function in the liver. Our results show that sucralose reduced weight gain, glucose, and pyruvate intolerance, and prevented the decrease in physical performance of HFD-fed mice. In the liver, sucralose also had a positive effect, preventing the decrease in mitochondrial mass exerted by HFD. Altogether, our results indicate that in the context of an obesogenic diet, sucralose has a beneficial effect at the organismal and hepatic levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Pino-Seguel
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Nutrición y Actividad Física (LABINAF), Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Omara Moya
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Nutrición y Actividad Física (LABINAF), Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan Carlos Borquez
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Nutrición y Actividad Física (LABINAF), Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisco Pino-de la Fuente
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Nutrición y Actividad Física (LABINAF), Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisco Díaz-Castro
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Nutrición y Actividad Física (LABINAF), Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Camila Donoso-Barraza
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Nutrición y Actividad Física (LABINAF), Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Miguel Llanos
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Nutrición y Actividad Física (LABINAF), Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Troncoso
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Nutrición y Actividad Física (LABINAF), Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Advanced Center for Chronic Disease (ACCDiS), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- *Correspondence: Rodrigo Troncoso,
| | - Roberto Bravo-Sagua
- Advanced Center for Chronic Disease (ACCDiS), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Laboratory of Obesity and Metabolism in Geriatrics and Adults (OMEGA), Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Interuniversity Center for Healthy Aging (CIES), Consortium of Universities of the State of Chile (CUECH), Santiago, Chile
- Roberto Bravo-Sagua,
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13
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Neira G, Vergara E, Holmes DS. Genome-guided prediction of acid resistance mechanisms in acidophilic methanotrophs of phylogenetically deep-rooted Verrucomicrobia isolated from geothermal environments. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:900531. [PMID: 36212841 PMCID: PMC9543262 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.900531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Verrucomicrobia are a group of microorganisms that have been proposed to be deeply rooted in the Tree of Life. Some are methanotrophs that oxidize the potent greenhouse gas methane and are thus important in decreasing atmospheric concentrations of the gas, potentially ameliorating climate change. They are widespread in various environments including soil and fresh or marine waters. Recently, a clade of extremely acidophilic Verrucomicrobia, flourishing at pH < 3, were described from high-temperature geothermal ecosystems. This novel group could be of interest for studies about the emergence of life on Earth and to astrobiologists as homologs for possible extraterrestrial life. In this paper, we describe predicted mechanisms for survival of this clade at low pH and suggest its possible evolutionary trajectory from an inferred neutrophilic ancestor. Extreme acidophiles are defined as organisms that thrive in extremely low pH environments (≤ pH 3). Many are polyextremophiles facing high temperatures and high salt as well as low pH. They are important to study for both providing fundamental insights into biological mechanisms of survival and evolution in such extreme environments and for understanding their roles in biotechnological applications such as industrial mineral recovery (bioleaching) and mitigation of acid mine drainage. They are also, potentially, a rich source of novel genes and pathways for the genetic engineering of microbial strains. Acidophiles of the Verrucomicrobia phylum are unique as they are the only known aerobic methanotrophs that can grow optimally under acidic (pH 2–3) and moderately thermophilic conditions (50–60°C). Three moderately thermophilic genera, namely Methylacidiphilum, Methylacidimicrobium, and Ca. Methylacidithermus, have been described in geothermal environments. Most of the investigations of these organisms have focused on their methane oxidizing capabilities (methanotrophy) and use of lanthanides as a protein cofactor, with no extensive study that sheds light on the mechanisms that they use to flourish at extremely low pH. In this paper, we extend the phylogenetic description of this group of acidophiles using whole genome information and we identify several mechanisms, potentially involved in acid resistance, including “first line of defense” mechanisms that impede the entry of protons into the cell. These include the presence of membrane-associated hopanoids, multiple copies of the outer membrane protein (Slp), and inner membrane potassium channels (kup, kdp) that generate a reversed membrane potential repelling the intrusion of protons. Acidophilic Verrucomicrobia also display a wide array of proteins potentially involved in the “second line of defense” where protons that evaded the first line of defense and entered the cell are expelled or neutralized, such as the glutamate decarboxylation (gadAB) and phosphate-uptake systems. An exclusive N-type ATPase F0-F1 was identified only in acidophiles of Verrucomicrobia and is predicted to be a specific adaptation in these organisms. Phylogenetic analyses suggest that many predicted mechanisms are evolutionarily conserved and most likely entered the acidophilic lineage of Verrucomicrobia by vertical descent from a common ancestor. However, it is likely that some defense mechanisms such as gadA and kup entered the acidophilic Verrucomicrobia lineage by horizontal gene transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Neira
- Center for Bioinformatics and Genome Biology, Centro Ciencia & Vida, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, Chile
| | - Eva Vergara
- Center for Bioinformatics and Genome Biology, Centro Ciencia & Vida, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - David S. Holmes
- Center for Bioinformatics and Genome Biology, Centro Ciencia & Vida, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
- *Correspondence: David S. Holmes
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14
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Velasco C, Fletcher TJ, Botnar RM, Prieto C. Artificial intelligence in cardiac magnetic resonance fingerprinting. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:1009131. [PMID: 36204566 PMCID: PMC9530662 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1009131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic resonance fingerprinting (MRF) is a fast MRI-based technique that allows for multiparametric quantitative characterization of the tissues of interest in a single acquisition. In particular, it has gained attention in the field of cardiac imaging due to its ability to provide simultaneous and co-registered myocardial T1 and T2 mapping in a single breath-held cardiac MRF scan, in addition to other parameters. Initial results in small healthy subject groups and clinical studies have demonstrated the feasibility and potential of MRF imaging. Ongoing research is being conducted to improve the accuracy, efficiency, and robustness of cardiac MRF. However, these improvements usually increase the complexity of image reconstruction and dictionary generation and introduce the need for sequence optimization. Each of these steps increase the computational demand and processing time of MRF. The latest advances in artificial intelligence (AI), including progress in deep learning and the development of neural networks for MRI, now present an opportunity to efficiently address these issues. Artificial intelligence can be used to optimize candidate sequences and reduce the memory demand and computational time required for reconstruction and post-processing. Recently, proposed machine learning-based approaches have been shown to reduce dictionary generation and reconstruction times by several orders of magnitude. Such applications of AI should help to remove these bottlenecks and speed up cardiac MRF, improving its practical utility and allowing for its potential inclusion in clinical routine. This review aims to summarize the latest developments in artificial intelligence applied to cardiac MRF. Particularly, we focus on the application of machine learning at different steps of the MRF process, such as sequence optimization, dictionary generation and image reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Velasco
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Carlos Velasco
| | - Thomas J. Fletcher
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - René M. Botnar
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Institute for Biological and Medical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute for Intelligent Healthcare Engineering, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudia Prieto
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Institute for Biological and Medical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute for Intelligent Healthcare Engineering, Santiago, Chile
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15
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Choque-Guevara R, Poma-Acevedo A, Montesinos-Millán R, Rios-Matos D, Gutiérrez-Manchay K, Montalvan-Avalos A, Quiñones-Garcia S, Cauti-Mendoza MDG, Agurto-Arteaga A, Ramirez-Ortiz I, Criollo-Orozco M, Huaccachi-Gonzales E, Romero YK, Perez-Martinez N, Isasi-Rivas G, Sernaque-Aguilar Y, Villanueva-Pérez D, Ygnacio F, Vallejos-Sánchez K, Fernández-Sánchez M, Guevara-Sarmiento LA, Fernández-Díaz M, Zimic M. Squalene in oil-based adjuvant improves the immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 RBD and confirms safety in animal models. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0269823. [PMID: 35998134 PMCID: PMC9397949 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the development of vaccines against its etiologic agent, SARS-CoV-2. However, the emergence of new variants of the virus lead to the generation of new alternatives to improve the current sub-unit vaccines in development. In the present report, the immunogenicity of the Spike RBD of SARS-CoV-2 formulated with an oil-in-water emulsion and a water-in-oil emulsion with squalene was evaluated in mice and hamsters. The RBD protein was expressed in insect cells and purified by chromatography until >95% purity. The protein was shown to have the appropriate folding as determined by ELISA and flow cytometry binding assays to its receptor, as well as by its detection by hamster immune anti-S1 sera under non-reducing conditions. In immunization assays, although the cellular immune response elicited by both adjuvants were similar, the formulation based in water-in-oil emulsion and squalene generated an earlier humoral response as determined by ELISA. Similarly, this formulation was able to stimulate neutralizing antibodies in hamsters. The vaccine candidate was shown to be safe, as demonstrated by the histopathological analysis in lungs, liver and kidney. These results have shown the potential of this formulation vaccine to be evaluated in a challenge against SARS-CoV-2 and determine its ability to confer protection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Dora Rios-Matos
- Laboratorios de investigación y desarrollo, FARVET SAC, Chincha, Ica, Perú
| | | | | | - Stefany Quiñones-Garcia
- Laboratorios de investigación y desarrollo, FARVET SAC, Chincha, Ica, Perú
- Laboratorio de Bioinformática, Biología Molecular y Desarrollos Tecnológicos, Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Maria de Grecia Cauti-Mendoza
- Laboratorios de investigación y desarrollo, FARVET SAC, Chincha, Ica, Perú
- Laboratorio de Bioinformática, Biología Molecular y Desarrollos Tecnológicos, Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | | | | | | | | | - Yomara K. Romero
- Laboratorio de Bioinformática, Biología Molecular y Desarrollos Tecnológicos, Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Gisela Isasi-Rivas
- Laboratorios de investigación y desarrollo, FARVET SAC, Chincha, Ica, Perú
| | | | | | - Freddy Ygnacio
- Laboratorios de investigación y desarrollo, FARVET SAC, Chincha, Ica, Perú
| | - Katherine Vallejos-Sánchez
- Laboratorio de Bioinformática, Biología Molecular y Desarrollos Tecnológicos, Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | | | | | | | - Mirko Zimic
- Laboratorios de investigación y desarrollo, FARVET SAC, Chincha, Ica, Perú
- Laboratorio de Bioinformática, Biología Molecular y Desarrollos Tecnológicos, Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
- * E-mail:
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16
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Fioravante I, Lozano-Lozano JA, Martella D. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: A pilot study for symptom assessment and diagnosis in children in Chile. Front Psychol 2022; 13:946273. [PMID: 35992438 PMCID: PMC9387654 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.946273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most prevalent psychiatric disorders among school-age children and is characterized by varying degrees of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Diagnosis, which currently relies on the DSM-V criteria, is complex. This research proposes an integrated procedure for ADHD diagnosis in children, improving the diagnostic process and scientific research on etiopathology. Materials and methods We conducted a clinical report on ADHD diagnosis in children (n = 92) between the ages of 8 and 13, based on the results of the application of different scales to parents of school-age children in Chile. The children were divided into two groups, those with an ADHD diagnosis (n = 44) and those without (n = 48) (24% females). Results The results revealed statistically significant differences between groups for scales EDAH y SDQ-Cas, Conners Comprehensive Behavior Scale, Conners Parent Scale and the criteria according to the DSM-V and its dimensions, with the exception of inattention. Conclusion The findings indicate the importance of appropriate criteria and procedures to establish a diagnosis and implement effective interventions in ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Fioravante
- Escuela de Psicología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - José Antonio Lozano-Lozano
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Instituto Iberoamericano Desarrollo Sostenible, Claustro Académico del Doctorado en Ciencias Sociales, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Diana Martella
- Departamento de Psicología, Universidad Loyola de Andalucía, Sevilla, Spain
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17
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Pérez JC, Aldoney D, Vivanco-Carlevari A, Coo S, Guzmán EJ, Silva JR. Adapting to Adversity: Effects of COVID-19 on Parenting in Chile. Front Psychol 2022; 13:868817. [PMID: 35865694 PMCID: PMC9294446 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.868817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The pandemic outbreak in March 2020 and its associated sanitary regulations and restrictions triggered an abrupt and significant change for society in general and for families' organization in particular. In Chile, the Santiago Metropolitan District was under a strict lockdown that involved the closure of the entire educational system. From a systemic-family stress perspective, the impact of these changes might have consequences not only for each individual family member, but for the parental dynamic and, consequently, for children's well-being. This paper presents the results of a follow-up study showing changes in self-reported parental depression and the perceived home organization of mothers and fathers assessed at three different moments: before the pandemic, at the initial outbreak, and after 1 month of strict lockdown. Relevant moderators were explored using linear mixed models to understand the within-subject changes in mothers' and fathers' self-reports across the different assessment times. Financial strain, personality traits of self-criticism and dependency, previous parent-child quality interaction, recent major stressful events, and number of children are highlighted as relevant factors that moderate changes in home chaos and parental mental health perception. Significant risks and protective factors are described for fathers and mothers. The use of pre-pandemic measures as baseline levels enabled the identification of personal and family characteristics that were related to better outcomes. The results help increase our understanding of the sanitary regulations' impacts on the family system and identify vulnerability indicators that should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Carola Pérez
- Centro de Apego y Regulación Emocional, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniela Aldoney
- Centro de Apego y Regulación Emocional, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
- Sociedad Desarrollo Emocional, Santiago, Chile
| | - Anastassia Vivanco-Carlevari
- Centro de Apego y Regulación Emocional, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Social Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Soledad Coo
- Centro de Apego y Regulación Emocional, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
- Sociedad Desarrollo Emocional, Santiago, Chile
| | - Eugenio J. Guzmán
- Centro de Apego y Regulación Emocional, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jaime R. Silva
- Centro de Apego y Regulación Emocional, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
- Sociedad Desarrollo Emocional, Santiago, Chile
- Clínica Alemana de Santiago, Santiago, Chile
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18
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Mendo J, Mendo T, Gil-Kodaka P, Martina J, Gómez I, Delgado R, Fernández J, Travezaño A, Arroyo R, Loza K, James MA. Bycatch and discards in the artisanal shrimp trawl fishery in Northern Peru. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0268128. [PMID: 35731721 PMCID: PMC9216530 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study analyses the bycatch composition of an artisanal shrimp trawl fleet operating between Cabo Blanco and Máncora in Northern Peru between April 2019 and March 2020. A total of 300 hauls were analysed with respect to target catch and bycatch (consisting of other commercial species, discards, and macroalgae). A total of 277 species were recorded including 111 species of fish, 65 species of molluscs, 51 species of crustaceans, 22 species of algae, 12 species of cnidarian, 9 species of echinoderms, 4 species of Bryozoa and 3 species of polychaeta. Capture per unit effort (CPUE, kg.h-1) was highest for fish, followed by crustaceans, algae and molluscs. The target species Penaeus californiensis coffee shrimp constituted 17.8% of the overall catch,82.2% represented bycatch, and 50.6% represented discards. Coffee shrimps were more abundant in June and November 2019 and in January and February 2020. Highest bycatch CPUE occurred in May, June and December 2019. The most abundant species in the bycatch throughout the study period were sand perch (Diplectrum conceptione, 16% weight of the total catch), the macroalgae caulerpa (Caulerpa filiformis, 13%), sole flounder (Etropus ectenes, 6.4%), Pacific drum (Larimus pacificus, 5.7%), and lumptail searobin (Prionotus stephanophrys, 5.1%). Overall, the contribution of sand perch and flounder, exceeded the weight of coffee shrimp, therefore the interpretation that shrimp is the sole target species needs to be revised. The number of discarded species per month increased towards the spring months with the highest value in November. This study represents the first characterisation of bycatch in the artisanal trawling fishery in the Piura region in northern Peru and reveals a high proportion of bycatch in the fishery but also hints at potential temporal management measures that could be imposed to reduce the levels of bycatch. For example, the months of May and December had the greatest bycatch to shrimp ratios and the fishery could potentially be closed to avoid high bycatch risk, however, longer term information is needed to assess if the trends observed in bycatch are similar over longer periods of time. The species characterisation of bycatch also provides information for the design of modified nets which would target the reduction of small fish present in the catch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Mendo
- Facultad de Pesquería, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Lima, Peru
| | - Tania Mendo
- Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St Andrews, Fife, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Jimmy Martina
- Facultad de Pesquería, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Lima, Peru
| | - Iván Gómez
- Facultad de Pesquería, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Lima, Peru
| | - Ruggeri Delgado
- Facultad de Pesquería, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Lima, Peru
| | - Jhenifer Fernández
- Facultad de Pesquería, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Ruggeri Arroyo
- Facultad de Pesquería, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Lima, Peru
| | - Karla Loza
- Facultad de Pesquería, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Lima, Peru
| | - Mark A. James
- Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St Andrews, Fife, United Kingdom
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Rosado J, Carrasco-Escobar G, Nolasco O, Garro K, Rodriguez-Ferruci H, Guzman-Guzman M, Llanos-Cuentas A, Vinetz JM, Nekkab N, White MT, Mueller I, Gamboa D. Malaria transmission structure in the Peruvian Amazon through antibody signatures to Plasmodium vivax. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010415. [PMID: 35533146 PMCID: PMC9119515 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The landscape of malaria transmission in the Peruvian Amazon is temporally and spatially heterogeneous, presenting different micro-geographies with particular epidemiologies. Most cases are asymptomatic and escape routine malaria surveillance based on light microscopy (LM). Following the implementation of control programs in this region, new approaches to stratify transmission and direct efforts at an individual and community level are needed. Antibody responses to serological exposure markers (SEM) to Plasmodium vivax have proven diagnostic performance to identify people exposed in the previous 9 months. METHODOLOGY We measured antibody responses against 8 SEM to identify recently exposed people and determine the transmission dynamics of P. vivax in peri-urban (Iquitos) and riverine (Mazán) communities of Loreto, communities that have seen significant recent reductions in malaria transmission. Socio-demographic, geo-reference, LM and qPCR diagnosis data were collected from two cross-sectional surveys. Spatial and multilevel analyses were implemented to describe the distribution of seropositive cases and the risk factors associated with exposure to P. vivax. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Low local transmission was detected by qPCR in both Iquitos (5.3%) and Mazán (2.7%); however, seroprevalence indicated a higher level of (past) exposure to P. vivax in Mazán (56.5%) than Iquitos (38.2%). Age and being male were factors associated with high odds of being seropositive in both sites. Higher antibody levels were found in individuals >15 years old. The persistence of long-lived antibodies in these individuals could overestimate the detection of recent exposure. Antibody levels in younger populations (<15 years old) could be a better indicator of recent exposure to P. vivax. CONCLUSIONS The large number of current and past infections detected by SEMs allows for detailed local epidemiological analyses, in contrast to data from qPCR prevalence surveys which did not produce statistically significant associations. Serological surveillance will be increasingly important in the Peruvian Amazon as malaria transmission is reduced by continued control and elimination efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Rosado
- Unit of Malaria: Parasites and hosts, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, ED 393, Paris, France
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Analytics G5 Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Gabriel Carrasco-Escobar
- School of Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Health Innovation Laboratory, Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Peru
| | - Oscar Nolasco
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
- Laboratorio de Malaria, Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Katherine Garro
- Laboratorio de Malaria, Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Mitchel Guzman-Guzman
- Laboratorio ICEMR-Amazonia, Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Alejandro Llanos-Cuentas
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Joseph M. Vinetz
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
- Laboratorio ICEMR-Amazonia, Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Narimane Nekkab
- Unit of Malaria: Parasites and hosts, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Michael T. White
- Unit of Malaria: Parasites and hosts, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Analytics G5 Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Ivo Mueller
- Unit of Malaria: Parasites and hosts, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Population Health and Immunity Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Dionicia Gamboa
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
- Laboratorio ICEMR-Amazonia, Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
- Departamento de Ciencias Celulares y Moleculares, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
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Arya A, Ray J, Sharma S, Cruz Simbron R, Lozano A, Smith HB, Andersen JL, Chen H, Meringer M, Cleaves HJ. An open source computational workflow for the discovery of autocatalytic networks in abiotic reactions. Chem Sci 2022; 13:4838-4853. [PMID: 35655880 PMCID: PMC9067619 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc00256f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A central question in origins of life research is how non-entailed chemical processes, which simply dissipate chemical energy because they can do so due to immediate reaction kinetics and thermodynamics, enabled the origin of highly-entailed ones, in which concatenated kinetically and thermodynamically favorable processes enhanced some processes over others. Some degree of molecular complexity likely had to be supplied by environmental processes to produce entailed self-replicating processes. The origin of entailment, therefore, must connect to fundamental chemistry that builds molecular complexity. We present here an open-source chemoinformatic workflow to model abiological chemistry to discover such entailment. This pipeline automates generation of chemical reaction networks and their analysis to discover novel compounds and autocatalytic processes. We demonstrate this pipeline's capabilities against a well-studied model system by vetting it against experimental data. This workflow can enable rapid identification of products of complex chemistries and their underlying synthetic relationships to help identify autocatalysis, and potentially self-organization, in such systems. The algorithms used in this study are open-source and reconfigurable by other user-developed workflows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aayush Arya
- Department of Physics, Lovely Professional University Jalandhar Delhi-GT Road Phagwara Punjab 144411 India
- Blue Marble Space Institute of Science Seattle Washington 98104 USA
| | - Jessica Ray
- Blue Marble Space Institute of Science Seattle Washington 98104 USA
| | - Siddhant Sharma
- Blue Marble Space Institute of Science Seattle Washington 98104 USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Deshbandhu College, University of Delhi New Delhi 110019 India
| | - Romulo Cruz Simbron
- Blue Marble Space Institute of Science Seattle Washington 98104 USA
- Laboratorio de Investigación Fisicoquímica (LABINFIS), Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería Av. Túpac Amaru 210 Lima Peru
- Centro de Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicaciones (CTIC UNI), Universidad Nacional de Ingenieria Av. Túpac Amaru 210 Lima Peru
| | - Alejandro Lozano
- Blue Marble Space Institute of Science Seattle Washington 98104 USA
- Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Biotecnología - Instituto Politécnico Nacional 550 Av. Acueducto 07340 Mexico City Mexico
| | - Harrison B Smith
- Earth-Life Science Institute, Tokyo Institute of Technology Tokyo Japan
| | - Jakob Lykke Andersen
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Southern Denmark Campusvej 55 5230 Odense M Denmark
| | - Huan Chen
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory Tallahassee Florida 32310 USA
| | - Markus Meringer
- German Aerospace Center (DLR) 82234 Oberpfaffenhofen Wessling Germany
| | - Henderson James Cleaves
- Blue Marble Space Institute of Science Seattle Washington 98104 USA
- Earth-Life Science Institute, Tokyo Institute of Technology Tokyo Japan
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21
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García-Sánchez E, Castillo JC, Rodríguez-Bailón R, Willis GB. The Two Faces of Support for Redistribution in Colombia: Taxing the Wealthy or Assisting People in Need. Front Sociol 2022; 7:773378. [PMID: 35573121 PMCID: PMC9092524 DOI: 10.3389/fsoc.2022.773378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Support for redistribution is crucial for reducing economic inequality. Despite people's desire for reducing extreme inequalities, they still have mixed opinions regarding how to do so. The aim of the article is to examine the underlying latent dimensions of support for redistribution and test its correlates to perceptions of and attitudes toward inequality. In two studies, we found that support for redistribution can be modeled as a latent construct depicting two different dimensions: one focused on taxing the wealthy and changing the income distribution schema, and other focused on assisting people in need and providing opportunities. We also found that the dimension related to taxing the wealthy (vs. assisting people in need) displayed higher internal reliability and correlated consistently with perceptions and attitudes toward inequality: the higher the support for taxing the wealthy, the higher the perceptions and concerns of inequality, and the lower the inequality-justifying ideologies. This research unveils distinct underlying dimensions of support for redistribution that shed light on different motivations that drive people's redistributive preferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efraín García-Sánchez
- Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC-UGR), Department of Social Psychology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Castillo
- Center for Social Conflict and Cohesion Studies, Department of Sociology, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rosa Rodríguez-Bailón
- Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC-UGR), Department of Social Psychology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Guillermo B. Willis
- Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC-UGR), Department of Social Psychology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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22
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Gonzales Carazas MM, Gavidia CM, Davila Fernandez R, Vargas Zuñiga JA, Crespo Paiva A, Bocanegra W, Calderon J, Sanchez E, Perales R, Zeña B, Calcina Isique JF, Reategui J, Castañeda B, Casado FL. Biological evaluation of a mechanical ventilator that operates by controlling an automated manual resuscitator. A descriptive study in swine. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0264774. [PMID: 35239740 PMCID: PMC8893637 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The Covid-19 outbreak challenged health systems around the world to design and implement cost-effective devices produced locally to meet the increased demand of mechanical ventilators worldwide. This study evaluates the physiological responses of healthy swine maintained under volume- or pressure-controlled mechanical ventilation by a mechanical ventilator implemented to bring life-support by automating a resuscitation bag and closely controlling ventilatory parameters. Physiological parameters were monitored in eight sedated animals (t0) prior to inducing deep anaesthesia, and during the next six hours of mechanical ventilation (t1-7). Hemodynamic conditions were monitored periodically using a portable gas analyser machine (i.e. BEecf, carbonate, SaO2, lactate, pH, PaO2, PaCO2) and a capnometer (i.e. ETCO2). Electrocardiogram, echocardiography and lung ultrasonography were performed to detect in vivo alterations in these vital organs and pathological findings from necropsy were reported. The mechanical ventilator properly controlled physiological levels of blood biochemistry such as oxygenation parameters (PaO2, PaCO2, SaO2, ETCO2), acid-base equilibrium (pH, carbonate, BEecf), and perfusion of tissues (lactate levels). In addition, histopathological analysis showed no evidence of acute tissue damage in lung, heart, liver, kidney, or brain. All animals were able to breathe spontaneously after undergoing mechanical ventilation. These preclinical data, supports the biological safety of the medical device to move forward to further evaluation in clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cesar Miguel Gavidia
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | | | | | | | - William Bocanegra
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | - Joan Calderon
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | - Evelyn Sanchez
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | - Rosa Perales
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | - Brandon Zeña
- Instituto Veterinario de Oftalmologia (IVO), Lima, Peru
| | | | | | - Benjamin Castañeda
- Institute of Omics and Applied Biotechnology, Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Peru, Lima, Peru
- Department of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Peru, Lima, Peru
| | - Fanny L. Casado
- Institute of Omics and Applied Biotechnology, Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Peru, Lima, Peru
- Department of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Peru, Lima, Peru
- * E-mail:
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Fajardo G, Polo P, Muñoz-Reyes JA, Rodríguez-Sickert C. Long-Term Mating Orientation in Men: The Role of Socioeconomic Status, Protection Skills, and Parenthood Disposition. Front Psychol 2022; 13:815819. [PMID: 35282237 PMCID: PMC8913582 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.815819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
From an evolutionary perspective, phenotypic, social, and environmental factors help to shape the different costs and benefits of pursuing different reproductive strategies (or a mixture of them) from one individual to another. Since men's reproductive success is mainly constrained to women's availability, their mating orientations should be partially calibrated by features that women prefer in a potential partner. For long-term relationships, women prefer traits that signal access to resources, protection skills, and the willingness to share them. Using generalized linear models with laboratory data taken from a Chilean population (N = 197), this study aimed to test whether real and potential resources (measured as self-reported socioeconomic status), protection skills (measured as handgrip strength), and the willingness to provide resources and protection (measured as their disposition toward parenthood) are related to mating orientation in men. Our predictions were: (1) socioeconomic status would be positively associated with long-term and short-term mating orientation but for long-term-oriented individuals, this would be enhanced by having a more favorable parenthood disposition and (2) strength would be positively related to long-term mating orientation in men with higher socioeconomic status and a favorable disposition toward parenthood and it would have a positive and direct association with short-term mating orientation. Our results partially supported the first hypothesis, since men with higher socioeconomic status were more long-term oriented, but parenting disposition did not moderate this effect. Contrary to our expectations, socioeconomic status was not related to short-term mating orientation. Strength appeared not to be significant for long-term mating orientation, even interacting with other traits. However, strength by itself was powerfully linked with a short-term mating orientation. Our results suggest that only some individuals that are attractive for long-term relationships are indeed long-term oriented and may reflect the overall conflict of interests between mating strategies among sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Fajardo
- Laboratorio de Comportamiento Animal y Humano, Facultad de Gobierno, Centro de Investigación en Complejidad Social, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo Polo
- Laboratorio de Comportamiento Animal y Humano, Facultad de Gobierno, Centro de Investigación en Complejidad Social, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
- Laboratorio de Comportamiento Animal y Humano, Centro de Estudios Avanzados, Universidad de Playa Ancha, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - José Antonio Muñoz-Reyes
- Laboratorio de Comportamiento Animal y Humano, Facultad de Gobierno, Centro de Investigación en Complejidad Social, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
- Laboratorio de Comportamiento Animal y Humano, Centro de Estudios Avanzados, Universidad de Playa Ancha, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - Carlos Rodríguez-Sickert
- Laboratorio de Comportamiento Animal y Humano, Facultad de Gobierno, Centro de Investigación en Complejidad Social, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
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Contreras-Soto RI, Zacarias Rafael D, Domingos Moiana L, Maldonado C, Mora-Poblete F. Variation in Root-Related Traits Is Associated With Water Uptake in Lagenaria siceraria Genotypes Under Water-Deficit Conditions. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:897256. [PMID: 35720562 PMCID: PMC9201500 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.897256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
In many agricultural areas, crop production has decreased due to a lack of water availability, which is having a negative impact on sustainability and putting food security at risk. In plants, the plasticity of the root system architecture (RSA) is considered to be a key trait driving the modification of the growth and structure of roots in response to water deficits. The purpose of this study was to examine the plasticity of the RSA traits (mean root diameter, MRD; root volume, RV; root length, RL; and root surface area, SA) associated with drought tolerance in eight Lagenaria siceraria (Mol. Standl) genotypes, representing three different geographical origins: South Africa (BG-58, BG-78, and GC), Asia (Philippines and South Korea), and Chile (Illapel, Chepica, and Osorno). The RSA changes were evaluated at four substrate depths (from 0 to 40 cm). Bottle gourd genotypes were grown in 20 L capacity pots under two contrasting levels of irrigation (well-watered and water-deficit conditions). The results showed that the water productivity (WP) had a significant effect on plasticity values, with the Chilean accessions having the highest values. Furthermore, Illapel and Chepica genotypes presented the highest WP, MRD, and RV values under water-deficit conditions, in which MRD and RV were significant in the deeper layers (20-30 and 30-40 cm). Biplot analysis showed that the Illapel and Chepica genotypes presented a high WP, MRD, and RV, which confirmed that these may be promising drought-tolerant genotypes. Consequently, increased root diameter and volume in bottle gourd may constitute a response to a water deficit. The RSA traits studied here can be used as selection criteria in bottle gourd breeding programs under water-deficit conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Iván Contreras-Soto
- Instituto de Ciencias Agroalimentarias, Animales y Ambientales, Universidad de O' Higgins, San Fernando, Chile
| | | | | | - Carlos Maldonado
- Instituto de Ciencias Agroalimentarias, Animales y Ambientales, Universidad de O' Higgins, San Fernando, Chile
- *Correspondence: Carlos Maldonado
| | - Freddy Mora-Poblete
- Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Talca, Talca, Chile
- Freddy Mora-Poblete
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Waissbluth S, Oyarzún J. Case Report: Isolated Idiopathic Saccular Dysfunction. Front Neurol 2021; 12:753433. [PMID: 34867738 PMCID: PMC8634261 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.753433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in vestibular testing have now allowed us to test each semicircular canal as well as the utricle and saccule, independently. This has led to the discovery of new patterns of vestibular dysfunction that were once impossible to evaluate. This report describes the case of a 20-year-old woman with a 2-month history of recurrent dizziness. She had a complete audiovestibular assessment. The only abnormality observed was the absence of a cervical vestibular-evoked myogenic potential response for the right side, hence an isolated saccular dysfunction. In conclusion, isolated otolithic dysfunction is probably an overlooked and neglected clinical presentation. Its true incidence is unknown, and further research is needed to understand this clinical entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Waissbluth
- Department of Otolaryngology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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26
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Caracci MO, Avila ME, Espinoza-Cavieres FA, López HR, Ugarte GD, De Ferrari GV. Wnt/β-Catenin-Dependent Transcription in Autism Spectrum Disorders. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:764756. [PMID: 34858139 PMCID: PMC8632544 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.764756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is a heterogeneous group of neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by synaptic dysfunction and defects in dendritic spine morphology. In the past decade, an extensive list of genes associated with ASD has been identified by genome-wide sequencing initiatives. Several of these genes functionally converge in the regulation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, a conserved cascade essential for stem cell pluripotency and cell fate decisions during development. Here, we review current information regarding the transcriptional program of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in ASD. First, we discuss that Wnt/β-catenin gain and loss of function studies recapitulate brain developmental abnormalities associated with ASD. Second, transcriptomic approaches using patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) cells, featuring mutations in high confidence ASD genes, reveal a significant dysregulation in the expression of Wnt signaling components. Finally, we focus on the activity of chromatin-remodeling proteins and transcription factors considered high confidence ASD genes, including CHD8, ARID1B, ADNP, and TBR1, that regulate Wnt/β-catenin-dependent transcriptional activity in multiple cell types, including pyramidal neurons, interneurons and oligodendrocytes, cells which are becoming increasingly relevant in the study of ASD. We conclude that the level of Wnt/β-catenin signaling activation could explain the high phenotypical heterogeneity of ASD and be instrumental in the development of new diagnostics tools and therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario O. Caracci
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Miguel E. Avila
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Agronomy, Nucleus of Applied Research in Veterinary and Agronomic Sciences (NIAVA), Institute of Natural Sciences, Universidad de Las Américas, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisca A. Espinoza-Cavieres
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Héctor R. López
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Giorgia D. Ugarte
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Giancarlo V. De Ferrari
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
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Del-Saz NF, Douthe C, Carriquí M, Ortíz J, Sanhueza C, Rivas-Medina A, McDonald A, Fernie AR, Ribas-Carbo M, Gago J, Florez-Sarasa I, Flexas J. Different Metabolic Roles for Alternative Oxidase in Leaves of Palustrine and Terrestrial Species. Front Plant Sci 2021; 12:752795. [PMID: 34804092 PMCID: PMC8600120 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.752795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The alternative oxidase pathway (AOP) is associated with excess energy dissipation in leaves of terrestrial plants. To address whether this association is less important in palustrine plants, we compared the role of AOP in balancing energy and carbon metabolism in palustrine and terrestrial environments by identifying metabolic relationships between primary carbon metabolites and AOP in each habitat. We measured oxygen isotope discrimination during respiration, gas exchange, and metabolite profiles in aerial leaves of ten fern and angiosperm species belonging to five families organized as pairs of palustrine and terrestrial species. We performed a partial least square model combined with variable importance for projection to reveal relationships between the electron partitioning to the AOP (τa) and metabolite levels. Terrestrial plants showed higher values of net photosynthesis (AN) and τa, together with stronger metabolic relationships between τa and sugars, important for water conservation. Palustrine plants showed relationships between τa and metabolites related to the shikimate pathway and the GABA shunt, to be important for heterophylly. Excess energy dissipation via AOX is less crucial in palustrine environments than on land. The basis of this difference resides in the contrasting photosynthetic performance observed in each environment, thus reinforcing the importance of AOP for photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nestor Fernandez Del-Saz
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Cyril Douthe
- Research Group on Plant Biology Under Mediterranean Conditions, Departament de Biologia, Institute of Agro-Environmental Research and Water Economy, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Marc Carriquí
- Research Group on Plant Biology Under Mediterranean Conditions, Departament de Biologia, Institute of Agro-Environmental Research and Water Economy, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Jose Ortíz
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Carolina Sanhueza
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Alicia Rivas-Medina
- Departamento de Ingeniería Topográfica y Cartografía, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros en Topografía, Geodesia y Cartografía, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Allison McDonald
- Department of Biology, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Alisdair R. Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Miquel Ribas-Carbo
- Research Group on Plant Biology Under Mediterranean Conditions, Departament de Biologia, Institute of Agro-Environmental Research and Water Economy, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Jorge Gago
- Research Group on Plant Biology Under Mediterranean Conditions, Departament de Biologia, Institute of Agro-Environmental Research and Water Economy, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Igor Florez-Sarasa
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca i Tecnología Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Edifici CRAG, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaume Flexas
- Research Group on Plant Biology Under Mediterranean Conditions, Departament de Biologia, Institute of Agro-Environmental Research and Water Economy, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Illes Balears, Spain
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Javier-Astete R, Jimenez-Davalos J, Zolla G. Determination of hemicellulose, cellulose, holocellulose and lignin content using FTIR in Calycophyllum spruceanum (Benth.) K. Schum. and Guazuma crinita Lam. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0256559. [PMID: 34705842 PMCID: PMC8550379 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Capirona (Calycophyllum spruceanum (Benth.) K. Schum.) and Bolaina (Guazuma crinita Lam.) are fast-growing Amazonian trees with increasing demand in timber industry. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the content of cellulose, hemicellulose, holocellulose and lignin in juvenile trees to accelerate forest breeding programs. The aim of this study was to identify chemical differences between apical and basal stem of Capirona and Bolaina to develop models for estimating the chemical composition using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra. FTIR-ATR spectra were obtained from 150 samples for each species that were 1.8 year-old. The results showed significant differences between the apical and basal stem for each species in terms of cellulose, hemicellulose, holocellulose and lignin content. This variability was useful to build partial least squares (PLS) models from the FTIR spectra and they were evaluated by root mean squared error of predictions (RMSEP) and ratio of performance to deviation (RPD). Lignin content was efficiently predicted in Capirona (RMSEP = 0.48, RPD > 2) and Bolaina (RMSEP = 0.81, RPD > 2). In Capirona, the predictive power of cellulose, hemicellulose and holocellulose models (0.68 < RMSEP < 2.06, 1.60 < RPD < 1.96) were high enough to predict wood chemical composition. In Bolaina, model for cellulose attained an excellent predictive power (RMSEP = 1.82, RPD = 6.14) while models for hemicellulose and holocellulose attained a good predictive power (RPD > 2.0). This study showed that FTIR-ATR together with PLS is a reliable method to determine the wood chemical composition in juvenile trees of Capirona and Bolaina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Javier-Astete
- Grupo de Investigacion en Mutaciones y Biotecnologia Vegetal, Facultad de Agronomia, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina - Lima, Lima, Peru
| | - Jorge Jimenez-Davalos
- Grupo de Investigacion en Mutaciones y Biotecnologia Vegetal, Facultad de Agronomia, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina - Lima, Lima, Peru
| | - Gaston Zolla
- Grupo de Investigacion en Mutaciones y Biotecnologia Vegetal, Facultad de Agronomia, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina - Lima, Lima, Peru
- Laboratorio de Fisiologia Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina - Lima, Lima, Peru
- * E-mail:
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Herrera Vielma F, Valenzuela R, Videla LA, Zúñiga-Hernández J. N-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Their Lipid Mediators as A Potential Immune-Nutritional Intervention: A Molecular and Clinical View in Hepatic Disease and Other Non-Communicable Illnesses. Nutrients 2021; 13:3384. [PMID: 34684386 PMCID: PMC8539469 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the beneficial effect of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) intake on human health has been widely accepted in the field of immunonutrition. Today, we find a diversity of supplements based on n-3 PUFAs and/or minerals, vitamins and other substances. The main objective of this review is to discuss the importance of n-3 PUFAs and their derivatives on immunity and inflammatory status related to liver disease and other non-communicable illnesses. Based on the burden of liver diseases in 2019, more than two million people die from liver pathologies per year worldwide, because it is the organ most exposed to agents such as viruses, toxins and medications. Consequently, research conducted on n-3 PUFAs for liver disease has been gaining prominence with encouraging results, given that these fatty acids have anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective effects. In addition, it has been described that n-3 PUFAs are converted into a novel species of lipid intermediaries, specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs). At specific levels, SPMs improve the termination of inflammation as well as the repairing and regeneration of tissues, but they are deregulated in liver disease. Since evidence is still insufficient to carry out pharmacological trials to benefit the resolution of acute inflammation in non-communicable diseases, there remains a call for continuing preclinical and clinical research to better understand SPM actions and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Herrera Vielma
- Department of Biomedical Basic Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile;
| | - Rodrigo Valenzuela
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile;
| | - Luis A. Videla
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile;
| | - Jessica Zúñiga-Hernández
- Department of Biomedical Basic Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile;
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González-Pinilla FJ, Latorre C, Rojas M, Houston J, Rocuant MI, Maldonado A, Santoro CM, Quade J, Betancourt JL. High- and low-latitude forcings drive Atacama Desert rainfall variations over the past 16,000 years. Sci Adv 2021; 7:eabg1333. [PMID: 34533988 PMCID: PMC8448445 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abg1333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Late Quaternary precipitation dynamics in the central Andes have been linked to both high- and low-latitude atmospheric teleconnections. We use present-day relationships between fecal pellet diameters from ashy chinchilla rats (Abrocoma cinerea) and mean annual rainfall to reconstruct the timing and magnitude of pluvials (wet episodes) spanning the past 16,000 years in the Atacama Desert based on 81 14C-dated A. cinerea paleomiddens. A transient climate simulation shows that pluvials identified at 15.9 to 14.8, 13.0 to 8.6, and 8.1 to 7.6 ka B.P. can be linked to North Atlantic (high-latitude) forcing (e.g., Heinrich Stadial 1, Younger Dryas, and Bond cold events). Holocene pluvials at 5.0 to 4.6, 3.2 to 2.1, and 1.4 to 0.7 ka B.P. are not simulated, implying low-latitude internal variability forcing (i.e., ENSO regime shifts). These results help constrain future central Andean hydroclimatic variability and hold promise for reconstructing past climates from rodent middens in desert ecosystems worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J. González-Pinilla
- Centro UC Desierto de Atacama and Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity (IEB), Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudio Latorre
- Centro UC Desierto de Atacama and Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity (IEB), Santiago, Chile
| | - Maisa Rojas
- Center for Climate and Resilience Research (CR) and Departamento de Geofísica, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - M. Ignacia Rocuant
- Centro UC Desierto de Atacama and Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Antonio Maldonado
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), Universidad de La Serena, La Serena, Chile
- Departamento de Biología Marina, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Calogero M. Santoro
- Instituto de Alta Investigación (IAI), Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica, Chile
| | - Jay Quade
- Department of Geosciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Julio L. Betancourt
- Scientist Emeritus, U.S. Geological Survey, Science and Decisions Center, Reston, VA, USA
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Ramos-Guivar JA, Flores-Cano DA, Caetano Passamani E. Differentiating Nanomaghemite and Nanomagnetite and Discussing Their Importance in Arsenic and Lead Removal from Contaminated Effluents: A Critical Review. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2021; 11:2310. [PMID: 34578626 PMCID: PMC8471304 DOI: 10.3390/nano11092310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic and lead heavy metals are polluting agents still present in water bodies, including surface (lake, river) and underground waters; consequently, the development of new adsorbents is necessary to uptake these metals with high efficiency, quick and clean removal procedures. Magnetic nanoparticles, prepared with iron-oxides, are excellent candidates to achieve this goal due to their ecofriendly features, high catalytic response, specific surface area, and pulling magnetic response that favors an easy removal. In particular, nanomagnetite and maghemite are often found as the core and primary materials regarding magnetic nanoadsorbents. However, these phases show interesting distinct physical properties (especially in their surface magnetic properties) but are not often studied regarding correlations between the surface properties and adsorption applications, for instance. Thus, in this review, we summarize the main characteristics of the co-precipitation and thermal decomposition methods used to prepare the nano-iron-oxides, being the co-precipitation method most promising for scaling up processes. We specifically highlight the main differences between both nano-oxide species based on conventional techniques, such as X-ray diffraction, zero and in-field Mössbauer spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and X-ray magnetic circular dichroism, the latter two techniques performed with synchrotron light. Therefore, we classify the most recent magnetic nanoadsorbents found in the literature for arsenic and lead removal, discussing in detail their advantages and limitations based on various physicochemical parameters, such as temperature, competitive and coexisting ion effects, i.e., considering the simultaneous adsorption removal (heavy metal-heavy metal competition and heavy metal-organic removal), initial concentration, magnetic adsorbent dose, adsorption mechanism based on pH and zeta potential, and real water adsorption experiments. We also discuss the regeneration/recycling properties, after-adsorption physicochemical properties, and the cost evaluation of these magnetic nanoadsorbents, which are important issues, but less discussed in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan A. Ramos-Guivar
- Grupo de Investigación de Nanotecnología Aplicada para Biorremediación Ambiental, Energía, Biomedicina y Agricultura (NANOTECH), Facultad de Ciencias Físicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Av. Venezuela Cdra 34 S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Lima 15081, Perú;
| | - Diego A. Flores-Cano
- Grupo de Investigación de Nanotecnología Aplicada para Biorremediación Ambiental, Energía, Biomedicina y Agricultura (NANOTECH), Facultad de Ciencias Físicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Av. Venezuela Cdra 34 S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Lima 15081, Perú;
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Sallarès V, Prada M, Riquelme S, Meléndez A, Calahorrano A, Grevemeyer I, Ranero CR. Large slip, long duration, and moderate shaking of the Nicaragua 1992 tsunami earthquake caused by low near-trench rock rigidity. Sci Adv 2021; 7:7/32/eabg8659. [PMID: 34362735 PMCID: PMC8346212 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abg8659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Large earthquake ruptures propagating up to areas close to subduction trenches are infrequent, but when they occur, they heavily displace the ocean seafloor originating destructive tsunamis. The current paradigm is that the large seafloor deformation is caused by local factors reducing friction and increasing megathrust fault slip, or prompting the activation of ancillary faults or energy sources. As alternative to site-specific models, it has been proposed that large shallow slip could result from depth-dependent rock rigidity variations. To confront both hypotheses, here, we map elastic rock properties across the rupture zone of the M S7.0-M W7.7 1992 Nicaragua tsunami earthquake to estimate a property-compatible finite fault solution. The obtained self-consistent model accounts for trenchward increasing slip, constrains stress drop, and explains key tsunami earthquake characteristics such as long duration, high-frequency depletion, and magnitude discrepancy. The confirmation that these characteristics are all intrinsic attributes of shallow rupture opens new possibilities to improve tsunami hazard assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manel Prada
- Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM), CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Adrià Meléndez
- Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM), CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - César R Ranero
- Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM), CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
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33
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Vásquez X, Sánchez-Gómez P, Palma V. Netrin-1 in Glioblastoma Neovascularization: The New Partner in Crime? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8248. [PMID: 34361013 PMCID: PMC8348949 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive and common primary tumor of the central nervous system. It is characterized by having an infiltrating growth and by the presence of an excessive and aberrant vasculature. Some of the mechanisms that promote this neovascularization are angiogenesis and the transdifferentiation of tumor cells into endothelial cells or pericytes. In all these processes, the release of extracellular microvesicles by tumor cells plays an important role. Tumor cell-derived extracellular microvesicles contain pro-angiogenic molecules such as VEGF, which promote the formation of blood vessels and the recruitment of pericytes that reinforce these structures. The present study summarizes and discusses recent data from different investigations suggesting that Netrin-1, a highly versatile protein recently postulated as a non-canonical angiogenic ligand, could participate in the promotion of neovascularization processes in GBM. The relevance of determining the angiogenic signaling pathways associated with the interaction of Netrin-1 with its receptors is posed. Furthermore, we speculate that this molecule could form part of the microvesicles that favor abnormal tumor vasculature. Based on the studies presented, this review proposes Netrin-1 as a novel biomarker for GBM progression and vascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ximena Vásquez
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7800003, Chile;
| | - Pilar Sánchez-Gómez
- Neurooncology Unit, Unidad Funcional de Investigación de Enfermedades Crónicas (UFIEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28220 Madrid, Spain
| | - Verónica Palma
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7800003, Chile;
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Nakamoto JA, Evangelista W, Vinogradova DS, Konevega A, Spurio R, Fabbretti A, Milón P. The dynamic cycle of bacterial translation initiation factor IF3. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:6958-6970. [PMID: 34161576 PMCID: PMC8266586 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Initiation factor IF3 is an essential protein that enhances the fidelity and speed of bacterial mRNA translation initiation. Here, we describe the dynamic interplay between IF3 domains and their alternative binding sites using pre-steady state kinetics combined with molecular modelling of available structures of initiation complexes. Our results show that IF3 accommodates its domains at velocities ranging over two orders of magnitude, responding to the binding of each 30S ligand. IF1 and IF2 promote IF3 compaction and the movement of the C-terminal domain (IF3C) towards the P site. Concomitantly, the N-terminal domain (IF3N) creates a pocket ready to accept the initiator tRNA. Selection of the initiator tRNA is accompanied by a transient accommodation of IF3N towards the 30S platform. Decoding of the mRNA start codon displaces IF3C away from the P site and rate limits translation initiation. 70S initiation complex formation brings IF3 domains in close proximity to each other prior to dissociation and recycling of the factor for a new round of translation initiation. Altogether, our results describe the kinetic spectrum of IF3 movements and highlight functional transitions of the factor that ensure accurate mRNA translation initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose A Nakamoto
- Laboratory of Applied Biophysics and Biochemistry, Centre for Research and Innovation, Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), Lima 15023, Peru
| | - Wilfredo Evangelista
- Laboratory of Applied Biophysics and Biochemistry, Centre for Research and Innovation, Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), Lima 15023, Peru
| | - Daria S Vinogradova
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, NRC ‘Kurchatov Institute’, Gatchina 188300, Russia
- NanoTemper Technologies Rus, Saint Petersburg 191167, Russia
| | - Andrey L Konevega
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, NRC ‘Kurchatov Institute’, Gatchina 188300, Russia
- NRC ‘Kurchatov Institute’, Moscow 123182, Russia
- Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Saint Petersburg 195251, Russia
| | - Roberto Spurio
- Laboratory of Genetics, School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino 62032, Italy
| | - Attilio Fabbretti
- Laboratory of Genetics, School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino 62032, Italy
| | - Pohl Milón
- Laboratory of Applied Biophysics and Biochemistry, Centre for Research and Innovation, Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), Lima 15023, Peru
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Onandia G, Maassen S, Musseau CL, Berger SA, Olmo C, Jeschke JM, Lischeid G. Key drivers structuring rotifer communities in ponds: insights into an agricultural landscape. J Plankton Res 2021; 43:396-412. [PMID: 34084088 PMCID: PMC8163045 DOI: 10.1093/plankt/fbab033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the influence of environmental and spatial factors on the structure of aquatic communities remains a major challenge in community ecology. This study aims to identify main drivers of rotifer abundance and diversity in ponds embedded in an intensive agricultural landscape in Northeast Germany. We studied 42 ponds of glacial origin (kettle holes) covering a wide range of environmental parameters. The predominant factors structuring the rotifer metacommunity shifted from abiotic environmental filtering in spring to unstudied factors in autumn, while spatial factors remained less important. Fertilizer-driven salinization, internal nutrient recycling, primary productivity and sediment phosphorus release were the prevalent biogeochemical processes in the ponds. Both fertilizer-driven salinization and primary productivity negatively affected rotifer alpha diversity, and positively affected beta diversity. This impact was lower in forest ponds than in those surrounded by arable fields or grassland. However, rotifer diversity did not significantly differ among land-use categories. Our results indicate that the long-term impact of intensive agriculture in the region and the associated widespread eutrophication overrides the direct influence of land use on rotifer diversity but point to an indirect effect via fertilizer-driven salinization. Furthermore, this study highlights the role of ponds in enhancing regional biodiversity in agricultural landscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Camille L Musseau
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Königin-Luise-Straße 2-4, Gartenhaus, Berlin 14195, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Straße 1-3, Berlin 14195, Germany
- Department of Ecosystem Research, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Müggelseedamm 310, Berlin 12587, Germany
| | - Stella A Berger
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Königin-Luise-Straße 2-4, Gartenhaus, Berlin 14195, Germany
- Department of Experimental Limnology, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Zur alten Fischerhütte 2, Stechlin 16775, Germany
| | - Carla Olmo
- GEMA Center for Genomics, Ecology and Environment, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Camino La Pirámide 5780, Santiago 8580745, Chile
| | - Jonathan M Jeschke
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Königin-Luise-Straße 2-4, Gartenhaus, Berlin 14195, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Straße 1-3, Berlin 14195, Germany
- Department of Ecosystem Research, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Müggelseedamm 310, Berlin 12587, Germany
| | - Gunnar Lischeid
- Research Platform Data Analysis and Simulation, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Eberswalder Straße 84, Müncheberg 15374, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Königin-Luise-Straße 2-4, Gartenhaus, Berlin 14195, Germany
- Institute for Environmental Sciences and Geography, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, Potsdam 14476, Germany
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Ramos IA, León Hilario LM, Pedano ML, Reynoso AA. Geometry-induced enhancement factor improvement in covered-gold-nanorod-dimer antennas. RSC Adv 2021; 11:9518-9527. [PMID: 35423468 PMCID: PMC8695388 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra00285f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Illuminated gapped-gold-nanorod dimers hold surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) that can be engineered, by an appropriate choice of geometrical parameters, to enhance the electromagnetic field at the gap, allowing applications in molecular detection via surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). Envisioning hybrid devices in which the SERS spectroscopy of molecules in the gap is complemented by electrical measurements, it arises the question of designing efficient geometries to contact the nanorods without decreasing the enhancement factor (EF) of the nanoantenna, i.e., the figure of merit for SERS spectroscopy. Within this framework we theoretically study the feasibility to fabricate designs based on covering with gold the far-from-the-gap areas of the dimer. We show that by tuning the geometrical parameters of the designs these systems can reach enhancement factors larger than the best achieved in the uncovered dimer: this supremacy survives even in the presence of dimer asymmetries and vacancies at the interfaces between the nanorods and the covering layers. Our results show that geometrical modifications away from the gap can improve the optical response at the gap, thus enabling the use of these devices both for hybrid and optical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván A Ramos
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Ingenieria Apartado 31-139, Av. Túpac Amaru 210 Lima Perú
| | - L M León Hilario
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Ingenieria Apartado 31-139, Av. Túpac Amaru 210 Lima Perú
| | - María L Pedano
- Centro Atómico Bariloche & Instituto Balseiro, Instituto de Nanociencia y Nanotecnología, CNEA-CONICET Av. Bustillo 9500 Bariloche Argentina
| | - Andres A Reynoso
- Centro Atómico Bariloche & Instituto Balseiro, Instituto de Nanociencia y Nanotecnología, CNEA-CONICET Av. Bustillo 9500 Bariloche Argentina
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Lopez K, Arriaga MB, Aliaga JG, Barreda NN, Sanabria OM, Huang CC, Zhang Z, García-de-la-Guarda R, Lecca L, Calçada Carvalho AC, Kritski AL, Calderon RI. Dysglycemia is associated with Mycobacterium tuberculosis lineages in tuberculosis patients of North Lima-Peru. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0243184. [PMID: 33507930 PMCID: PMC7843012 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was performed to investigate the role of dysglycemia on the genetic diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) among pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) patients to build scientific evidence about the possible mechanisms of TB transmission. MTB isolates obtained of patients affected by pulmonary tuberculosis from health care facilities of North Lima-Peru, were analyzed using whole genome sequencing and 24-locus mycobacterial interspersed repetitive-unit -variable-number tandem repeats (MIRU-VNTR). Subsequently, clinical and epidemiological characteristics were associated with clustering, lineages and comorbid conditions. The analysis carried out 112 pulmonary TB patients from various health centers in North Lima, 17 (15%) had diabetes mellitus (DM) and 33 (29%) had pre-diabetes (PDM). Latin American-Mediterranean, Haarlem and Beijing were the most frequent MTB lineages found in those patients. Previous TB (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 3.65; 95%CI: 1.32-17.81), age (aOR = 1.12; 95%CI: 1.03-1.45) and Beijing lineage (aOR = 3.53; 95%CI: 1.08-13.2) were associated with TB-DM comorbidity. Alcoholism (aOR = 2.92; 95%CI: 1.10-8.28), age (aOR = 1.05; 95%CI: 1.03-1.12) and Haarlem lineage (aOR = 2.54; 95%CI: 1.04-6.51) were associated with TB-PDM comorbidity. Beijing and Haarlem lineages were independently associated with TB-DM and TB-PDM comorbidities, respectively. Although these findings may be surprising, we must be cautious to suggest that dysglycemia could be associated with a highly clustering and predisposition of MTB lineages related to a serious impact on the severity of TB disease, which requires further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kattya Lopez
- Socios En Salud Sucursal Peru, Lima, Peru
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunity and Inflammation, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - María B. Arriaga
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Instituto Brasileiro para Investigação da Tuberculose, Fundação José Silveira, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Chuan-Chin Huang
- Division of Global Health Equity, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Zibiao Zhang
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | | | | | - Anna Cristina Calçada Carvalho
- Laboratório de Inovações em Terapias, Ensino e Bioprodutos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Afrânio L. Kritski
- Faculdade de Medicina, Programa Acadêmico de Tuberculose, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Roger I. Calderon
- Socios En Salud Sucursal Peru, Lima, Peru
- Faculdade de Medicina, Programa Acadêmico de Tuberculose, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Ramirez JL, Rosas-Puchuri U, Cañedo RM, Alfaro-Shigueto J, Ayon P, Zelada-Mázmela E, Siccha-Ramirez R, Velez-Zuazo X. DNA barcoding in the Southeast Pacific marine realm: Low coverage and geographic representation despite high diversity. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0244323. [PMID: 33370342 PMCID: PMC7769448 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The Southeast Pacific comprises two Large Marine Ecosystems, the Pacific Central-American Coastal and the Humboldt Current System; and is one of the less well known in the tropical subregions in terms of biodiversity. To address this, we compared DNA barcoding repositories with the marine biodiversity species for the Southeast Pacific. We obtained a checklist of marine species in the Southeast Pacific (i.e. Colombia, Ecuador, Chile, and Peru) from the Ocean Biodiversity Information System (OBIS) database and compared it with species available at the Barcoding of Life Data System (BOLD) repository. Of the 5504 species records retrieved from OBIS, 42% of them had at least one registered specimen in BOLD (including specimens around the world); however, only 4.5% of records corresponded to publicly available DNA barcodes including specimens collected from a Southeast Pacific country. The low representation of barcoded species does not vary much across the different taxonomic groups or within countries, but we observed an asymmetric distribution of DNA barcoding records for taxonomic groups along the coast, being more abundant for the Humboldt Current System than the Pacific Central-American Coastal. We observed high-level of barcode records with Barcode Index Number (BIN) incongruences, particularly for fishes (Actinopterygii = 30.27% and Elasmobranchii = 24.71%), reflecting taxonomic uncertainties for fishes, whereas for Invertebrates and Mammalia more than 85% of records were classified as data deficient or inadequate procedure for DNA barcoding. DNA barcoding is a powerful tool to study biodiversity, with a great potential to increase the knowledge of the Southeast Pacific marine biodiversity. Our results highlight the critical need for increasing taxonomic sampling effort, the number of trained taxonomic specialists, laboratory facilities, scientific collections, and genetic reference libraries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge L. Ramirez
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
- * E-mail:
| | - Ulises Rosas-Puchuri
- National Zoological Park, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Center for Conservation and Sustainability, Washington, DC, United States of America
- Department of Biological Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Rosa Maria Cañedo
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | - Joanna Alfaro-Shigueto
- Facultad de Biología Marina, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Perú
- ProDelphinus, Lima, Perú
| | | | - Eliana Zelada-Mázmela
- Facultad de Ciencias, Laboratorio de Genética, Fisiología y Reproducción, Universidad Nacional del Santa, Chimbote, Peru
| | | | - Ximena Velez-Zuazo
- National Zoological Park, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Center for Conservation and Sustainability, Washington, DC, United States of America
- Asociación Peruana para la Conservación de la Naturaleza, Lima, Peru
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Mesa RL, Villa JEL, Khan S, Peixoto RRA, Morgano MA, Gonçalves LM, Sotomayor MDPT, Picasso G. Rational Design of an Ion-Imprinted Polymer for Aqueous Methylmercury Sorption. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2020; 10:E2541. [PMID: 33348754 PMCID: PMC7766906 DOI: 10.3390/nano10122541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Methylmercury (MeHg+) is a mercury species that is very toxic for humans, and its monitoring and sorption from environmental samples of water are a public health concern. In this work, a combination of theory and experiment was used to rationally synthesize an ion-imprinted polymer (IIP) with the aim of the extraction of MeHg+ from samples of water. Interactions among MeHg+ and possible reaction components in the pre-polymerization stage were studied by computational simulation using density functional theory. Accordingly, 2-mercaptobenzimidazole (MBI) and 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT), acrylic acid (AA) and ethanol were predicted as excellent sulfhydryl ligands, a functional monomer and porogenic solvent, respectively. Characterization studies by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) revealed the obtention of porous materials with specific surface areas of 11 m2 g-1 (IIP-MBI-AA) and 5.3 m2 g-1 (IIP-MBT-AA). Under optimized conditions, the maximum adsorption capacities were 157 µg g-1 (for IIP-MBI-AA) and 457 µg g-1 (for IIP-MBT-AA). The IIP-MBT-AA was selected for further experiments and application, and the selectivity coefficients were MeHg+/Hg2+ (0.86), MeHg+/Cd2+ (260), MeHg+/Pb2+ (288) and MeHg+/Zn2+ (1510), highlighting the material's high affinity for MeHg+. The IIP was successfully applied to the sorption of MeHg+ in river and tap water samples at environmentally relevant concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruddy L. Mesa
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry Research, Faculty of Sciences, National University of Engineering, Lima 15333, Peru; (R.L.M.M.); (S.K.)
| | - Javier E. L. Villa
- Institute of Chemistry, State University of São Paulo (UNESP), Araraquara, SP 14800-060, Brazil;
- National Institute for Alternative Technologies of Detection, Toxicological Evaluation and Removal of Micropollutants and Radioactives (INCT-DATREM), Araraquara, SP 14800-060, Brazil
| | - Sabir Khan
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry Research, Faculty of Sciences, National University of Engineering, Lima 15333, Peru; (R.L.M.M.); (S.K.)
- Institute of Chemistry, State University of São Paulo (UNESP), Araraquara, SP 14800-060, Brazil;
- National Institute for Alternative Technologies of Detection, Toxicological Evaluation and Removal of Micropollutants and Radioactives (INCT-DATREM), Araraquara, SP 14800-060, Brazil
| | - Rafaella R. Alves Peixoto
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, RJ 24020-150, Brazil;
| | | | | | - Maria D. P. T. Sotomayor
- Institute of Chemistry, State University of São Paulo (UNESP), Araraquara, SP 14800-060, Brazil;
- National Institute for Alternative Technologies of Detection, Toxicological Evaluation and Removal of Micropollutants and Radioactives (INCT-DATREM), Araraquara, SP 14800-060, Brazil
| | - Gino Picasso
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry Research, Faculty of Sciences, National University of Engineering, Lima 15333, Peru; (R.L.M.M.); (S.K.)
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Iglesias-Pedraz JM, Fossatti-Jara DM, Valle-Riestra-Felice V, Cruz-Visalaya SR, Ayala Felix JA, Comai L. WRN modulates translation by influencing nuclear mRNA export in HeLa cancer cells. BMC Mol Cell Biol 2020; 21:71. [PMID: 33054770 PMCID: PMC7557079 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-020-00315-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Werner syndrome protein (WRN) belongs to the RecQ family of helicases and its loss of function results in the premature aging disease Werner syndrome (WS). We previously demonstrated that an early cellular change induced by WRN depletion is a posttranscriptional decrease in the levels of enzymes involved in metabolic pathways that control macromolecular synthesis and protect from oxidative stress. This metabolic shift is tolerated by normal cells but causes mitochondria dysfunction and acute oxidative stress in rapidly growing cancer cells, thereby suppressing their proliferation. RESULTS To identify the mechanism underlying this metabolic shift, we examined global protein synthesis and mRNA nucleocytoplasmic distribution after WRN knockdown. We determined that WRN depletion in HeLa cells attenuates global protein synthesis without affecting the level of key components of the mRNA export machinery. We further observed that WRN depletion affects the nuclear export of mRNAs and demonstrated that WRN interacts with mRNA and the Nuclear RNA Export Factor 1 (NXF1). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that WRN influences the export of mRNAs from the nucleus through its interaction with the NXF1 export receptor thereby affecting cellular proteostasis. In summary, we identified a new partner and a novel function of WRN, which is especially important for the proliferation of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Manuel Iglesias-Pedraz
- Departamento de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación, Laboratorio de Genética Molecular y Bioquímica, Universidad Científica del Sur, Villa El Salvador, 15842 Lima, Peru
| | - Diego Matia Fossatti-Jara
- Departamento de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación, Laboratorio de Genética Molecular y Bioquímica, Universidad Científica del Sur, Villa El Salvador, 15842 Lima, Peru
- Present address: National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Valeria Valle-Riestra-Felice
- Departamento de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación, Laboratorio de Genética Molecular y Bioquímica, Universidad Científica del Sur, Villa El Salvador, 15842 Lima, Peru
| | - Sergio Rafael Cruz-Visalaya
- Departamento de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación, Laboratorio de Genética Molecular y Bioquímica, Universidad Científica del Sur, Villa El Salvador, 15842 Lima, Peru
| | - Jose Antonio Ayala Felix
- Departamento de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación, Laboratorio de Genética Molecular y Bioquímica, Universidad Científica del Sur, Villa El Salvador, 15842 Lima, Peru
| | - Lucio Comai
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, Longevity Institute, Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA
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Abstract
Bacterial cellulose (BC) and graphene are materials that have attracted the attention of researchers due to their outstanding properties. BC is a nanostructured 3D network of pure and highly crystalline cellulose nanofibres that can act as a host matrix for the incorporation of other nano-sized materials. Graphene features high mechanical properties, thermal and electric conductivity and specific surface area. In this paper we review the most recent studies regarding the development of novel BC-graphene nanocomposites that take advantage of the exceptional properties of BC and graphene. The most important applications of these novel BC-graphene nanocomposites include the development of novel electric conductive materials and energy storage devices, the preparation of aerogels and membranes with very high specific area as sorbent materials for the removal of oil and metal ions from water and a variety of biomedical applications, such as tissue engineering and drug delivery. The main properties of these BC-graphene nanocomposites associated with these applications, such as electric conductivity, biocompatibility and specific surface area, are systematically presented together with the processing routes used to fabricate such nanocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fernando G. Torres
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima 15088, Peru;
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Supo-Escalante RR, Médico A, Gushiken E, Olivos-Ramírez GE, Quispe Y, Torres F, Zamudio M, Antiparra R, Amzel LM, Gilman RH, Sheen P, Zimic M. Prediction of Mycobacterium tuberculosis pyrazinamidase function based on structural stability, physicochemical and geometrical descriptors. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0235643. [PMID: 32735615 PMCID: PMC7394417 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pyrazinamide is an important drug against the latent stage of tuberculosis and is used in both first- and second-line treatment regimens. Pyrazinamide-susceptibility test usually takes a week to have a diagnosis to guide initial therapy, implying a delay in receiving appropriate therapy. The continued increase in multi-drug resistant tuberculosis and the prevalence of pyrazinamide resistance in several countries makes the development of assays for prompt identification of resistance necessary. The main cause of pyrazinamide resistance is the impairment of pyrazinamidase function attributed to mutations in the promoter and/or pncA coding gene. However, not all pncA mutations necessarily affect the pyrazinamidase function. OBJECTIVE To develop a methodology to predict pyrazinamidase function from detected mutations in the pncA gene. METHODS We measured the catalytic constant (kcat), KM, enzymatic efficiency, and enzymatic activity of 35 recombinant mutated pyrazinamidase and the wild type (Protein Data Bank ID = 3pl1). From all the 3D modeled structures, we extracted several predictors based on three categories: structural stability (estimated by normal mode analysis and molecular dynamics), physicochemical, and geometrical characteristics. We used a stepwise Akaike's information criterion forward multiple log-linear regression to model each kinetic parameter with each category of predictors. We also developed weighted models combining the three categories of predictive models for each kinetic parameter. We tested the robustness of the predictive ability of each model by 6-fold cross-validation against random models. RESULTS The stability, physicochemical, and geometrical descriptors explained most of the variability (R2) of the kinetic parameters. Our models are best suited to predict kcat, efficiency, and activity based on the root-mean-square error of prediction of the 6-fold cross-validation. CONCLUSIONS This study shows a quick approach to predict the pyrazinamidase function only from the pncA sequence when point mutations are present. This can be an important tool to detect pyrazinamide resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rydberg Roman Supo-Escalante
- Laboratorio de Bioinformática, Biología Molecular y Desarrollos Tecnológicos, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Aldhair Médico
- Laboratorio de Bioinformática, Biología Molecular y Desarrollos Tecnológicos, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Eduardo Gushiken
- Laboratorio de Bioinformática, Biología Molecular y Desarrollos Tecnológicos, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Gustavo E. Olivos-Ramírez
- Laboratorio de Bioinformática, Biología Molecular y Desarrollos Tecnológicos, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Yaneth Quispe
- Laboratorio de Bioinformática, Biología Molecular y Desarrollos Tecnológicos, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Fiorella Torres
- Laboratorio de Bioinformática, Biología Molecular y Desarrollos Tecnológicos, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Melissa Zamudio
- Laboratorio de Bioinformática, Biología Molecular y Desarrollos Tecnológicos, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Ricardo Antiparra
- Laboratorio de Bioinformática, Biología Molecular y Desarrollos Tecnológicos, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - L. Mario Amzel
- Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Robert H. Gilman
- International Health Department, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Patricia Sheen
- Laboratorio de Bioinformática, Biología Molecular y Desarrollos Tecnológicos, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Mirko Zimic
- Laboratorio de Bioinformática, Biología Molecular y Desarrollos Tecnológicos, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
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Périz M, Pérez-Cano FJ, Cambras T, Franch À, Best I, Pastor-Soplin S, Castell M, Massot-Cladera M. Attenuating Effect of Peruvian Cocoa Populations on the Acute Asthmatic Response in Brown Norway Rats. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2301. [PMID: 32751867 PMCID: PMC7469048 DOI: 10.3390/nu12082301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cocoa contains bioactive components, which vary according to genetic and environmental factors. The present study aimed to ascertain the anti-allergic properties of native Peruvian cocoa populations ("Blanco de Piura" or BPC, "Amazonas Peru" or APC, "Criollo de Montaña" or CMC, "Chuncho" or CCC, and an ordinary cocoa or OC). To do so, after an initial in vitro approach, an in vivo study focused on the induction of an anaphylactic response associated with allergic asthma in Brown Norway rats was carried out. Based on their polyphenol content, antioxidant activity and in vitro effects, the APC and CMC were selected to be included in the in vivo study. Cocoa diets were tested in a model of allergic asthma in which anaphylactic response was assessed by changes in body temperature, motor activity and body weight. The concentration of specific immunoglobulin E (IgE), mast cell protease and leukotrienes was also quantified in serum and/or bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. CMC and OC populations exhibited a protective effect on the allergic asthma rat model as evidenced by means of a partial protection against anaphylactic response and, above all, in the synthesis of IgE and the release of mast cell protease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Périz
- Secció de Fisiologia, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (M.P.); (F.J.P.-C.); (T.C.); (À.F.); (M.C.)
- Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA-UB), UB, 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Pérez-Cano
- Secció de Fisiologia, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (M.P.); (F.J.P.-C.); (T.C.); (À.F.); (M.C.)
- Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA-UB), UB, 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
| | - Trinitat Cambras
- Secció de Fisiologia, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (M.P.); (F.J.P.-C.); (T.C.); (À.F.); (M.C.)
| | - Àngels Franch
- Secció de Fisiologia, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (M.P.); (F.J.P.-C.); (T.C.); (À.F.); (M.C.)
- Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA-UB), UB, 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
| | - Ivan Best
- Programa Cacao, Ingeniería Agroforestal, Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima 15842, Peru; (I.B.); (S.P.-S.)
- Unidad de Investigación en Nutrición, Salud, Alimentos Funcionales y Nutracéuticos, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima 15024, Peru
| | - Santiago Pastor-Soplin
- Programa Cacao, Ingeniería Agroforestal, Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima 15842, Peru; (I.B.); (S.P.-S.)
| | - Margarida Castell
- Secció de Fisiologia, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (M.P.); (F.J.P.-C.); (T.C.); (À.F.); (M.C.)
- Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA-UB), UB, 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
| | - Malén Massot-Cladera
- Secció de Fisiologia, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (M.P.); (F.J.P.-C.); (T.C.); (À.F.); (M.C.)
- Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA-UB), UB, 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
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Cortés-Avendaño P, Tarvainen M, Suomela JP, Glorio-Paulet P, Yang B, Repo-Carrasco-Valencia R. Profile and Content of Residual Alkaloids in Ten Ecotypes of Lupinus mutabilis Sweet after Aqueous Debittering Process. Plant Foods Hum Nutr 2020; 75:184-191. [PMID: 32009208 PMCID: PMC7266797 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-020-00799-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The evaluation of the level of alkaloids in edible Lupinus species is crucial from a food safety point of view. Debittering of lupin seeds has a long history; however, the control of the level of alkaloids after processing the seeds is typically only evaluated by changes in the bitter taste. The aim of this study was to evaluate the profile and residual levels of quinolizidine alkaloids (QA) in (Lupinus mutabilis Sweet) after aqueous debittering process. Samples from 10 ecotypes from different areas of Peru were analyzed before and after the process. Based on results obtained by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry, from eight alkaloids identified before the debittering process, only small amounts of lupanine (avg. 0.0012 g/100 g DM) and sparteine (avg. 0.0014 g/100 g DM) remained in the seeds after the debittering process, and no other alkaloids were identified. The aqueous debittering process reduced the content of alkaloids to levels far below the maximal level allowed by international regulations (≤ 0.2 g/kg DM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Cortés-Avendaño
- Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina-UNALM, Av. La Molina s/n, Lima, Peru
- Food Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Marko Tarvainen
- Food Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Jukka-Pekka Suomela
- Food Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014, Turku, Finland.
| | | | - Baoru Yang
- Food Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014, Turku, Finland
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Périz M, Pérez-Cano FJ, Rodríguez-Lagunas MJ, Cambras T, Pastor-Soplin S, Best I, Castell M, Massot-Cladera M. Development and Characterization of an Allergic Asthma Rat Model for Interventional Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3841. [PMID: 32481675 PMCID: PMC7312681 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Allergic asthma is one of the most common chronic diseases of the airways, however it still remains underdiagnosed and hence undertreated. Therefore, an allergic asthma rat model would be useful to be applied in future therapeutic strategy studies. The aim of the present study was to develop an objective model of allergic asthma in atopic rats that allows the induction and quantification of anaphylactic shock with quantitative variables. Female Brown Norway rats were intraperitoneally sensitized with ovalbumin (OVA), alum and Bordetella pertussis toxin and boosted a week later with OVA in alum. At day 28, all rats received an intranasal challenge with OVA. Anaphylactic response was accurately assessed by changes in motor activity and body temperature. Leukotriene concentration was determined in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and total and IgE anti-OVA antibodies were quantified in blood and BALF samples. The asthmatic animals' motility and body temperature were reduced after the shock for at least 20 h. The asthmatic animals developed anti-OVA IgE antibodies both in BALF and in serum. These results show an effective and relatively rapid model of allergic asthma in female Brown Norway rats that allows the quantification of the anaphylactic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Périz
- Secció de Fisiologia, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (M.P.); (F.J.P.-C.); (M.J.R.-L.); (T.C.); (M.M.-C.)
- Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA-UB), UB, 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Pérez-Cano
- Secció de Fisiologia, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (M.P.); (F.J.P.-C.); (M.J.R.-L.); (T.C.); (M.M.-C.)
- Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA-UB), UB, 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
| | - Maria J. Rodríguez-Lagunas
- Secció de Fisiologia, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (M.P.); (F.J.P.-C.); (M.J.R.-L.); (T.C.); (M.M.-C.)
- Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA-UB), UB, 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
| | - Trinitat Cambras
- Secció de Fisiologia, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (M.P.); (F.J.P.-C.); (M.J.R.-L.); (T.C.); (M.M.-C.)
| | - Santiago Pastor-Soplin
- Programa Cacao, Ingeniería Agroforestal, Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales, Universidad Científica del Sur, 15842 Lima, Peru; (S.P.-S.); (I.B.)
| | - Iván Best
- Programa Cacao, Ingeniería Agroforestal, Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales, Universidad Científica del Sur, 15842 Lima, Peru; (S.P.-S.); (I.B.)
- Unidad de Investigación en Nutrición, Salud, Alimentos Funcionales y Nutracéuticos, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, 15024 Lima, Peru
| | - Margarida Castell
- Secció de Fisiologia, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (M.P.); (F.J.P.-C.); (M.J.R.-L.); (T.C.); (M.M.-C.)
- Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA-UB), UB, 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
| | - Malén Massot-Cladera
- Secció de Fisiologia, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (M.P.); (F.J.P.-C.); (M.J.R.-L.); (T.C.); (M.M.-C.)
- Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA-UB), UB, 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
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Vinogradova DS, Zegarra V, Maksimova E, Nakamoto JA, Kasatsky P, Paleskava A, Konevega AL, Milón P. How the initiating ribosome copes with ppGpp to translate mRNAs. PLoS Biol 2020; 18:e3000593. [PMID: 31995552 PMCID: PMC7010297 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
During host colonization, bacteria use the alarmones (p)ppGpp to reshape their proteome by acting pleiotropically on DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis. Here, we elucidate how the initiating ribosome senses the cellular pool of guanosine nucleotides and regulates the progression towards protein synthesis. Our results show that the affinity of guanosine triphosphate (GTP) and the inhibitory concentration of ppGpp for the 30S-bound initiation factor IF2 vary depending on the programmed mRNA. The TufA mRNA enhanced GTP affinity for 30S complexes, resulting in improved ppGpp tolerance and allowing efficient protein synthesis. Conversely, the InfA mRNA allowed ppGpp to compete with GTP for IF2, thus stalling 30S complexes. Structural modeling and biochemical analysis of the TufA mRNA unveiled a structured enhancer of translation initiation (SETI) composed of two consecutive hairpins proximal to the translation initiation region (TIR) that largely account for ppGpp tolerance under physiological concentrations of guanosine nucleotides. Furthermore, our results show that the mechanism enhancing ppGpp tolerance is not restricted to the TufA mRNA, as similar ppGpp tolerance was found for the SETI-containing Rnr mRNA. Finally, we show that IF2 can use pppGpp to promote the formation of 30S initiation complexes (ICs), albeit requiring higher factor concentration and resulting in slower transitions to translation elongation. Altogether, our data unveil a novel regulatory mechanism at the onset of protein synthesis that tolerates physiological concentrations of ppGpp and that bacteria can exploit to modulate their proteome as a function of the nutritional shift happening during stringent response and infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria S. Vinogradova
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute named by B.P. Konstantinov of NRC “Kurchatov Institute”, Gatchina, Russia
- NanoTemper Technologies Rus, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Victor Zegarra
- Centre for Research and Innovation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), Lima, Peru
| | - Elena Maksimova
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute named by B.P. Konstantinov of NRC “Kurchatov Institute”, Gatchina, Russia
| | - Jose Alberto Nakamoto
- Centre for Research and Innovation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), Lima, Peru
| | - Pavel Kasatsky
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute named by B.P. Konstantinov of NRC “Kurchatov Institute”, Gatchina, Russia
| | - Alena Paleskava
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute named by B.P. Konstantinov of NRC “Kurchatov Institute”, Gatchina, Russia
- Peter the Great Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Andrey L. Konevega
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute named by B.P. Konstantinov of NRC “Kurchatov Institute”, Gatchina, Russia
- Peter the Great Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
- NRC “Kurchatov Institute,” Moscow, Russia
- * E-mail: (PM); (ALK)
| | - Pohl Milón
- Centre for Research and Innovation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), Lima, Peru
- * E-mail: (PM); (ALK)
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Calfío C, Huidobro-Toro JP. Potent Vasodilator and Cellular Antioxidant Activity of Endemic Patagonian Calafate Berries ( Berberis microphylla) with Nutraceutical Potential. Molecules 2019; 24:E2700. [PMID: 31349544 PMCID: PMC6695892 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24152700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydroalcoholic extracts of Patagonian Calafate berry (Berberis microphylla) contain mono or disaccharide conjugated anthocyanins and flavonols. The Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) chemical extract profile identified glycosylated anthocyanidins such as delphinidin-, petunidin- and malvidin-3-glucoside as the major constituents. The predominant flavonols were 3-O substituents quercetin-rutinoside or -rhamnoside. Anthocyanins doubled flavonols in mass (13.1 vs. 6 mg/g extract). Polyphenols vascular actions were examined in the rat arterial mesenteric bed bioassay; extract perfusion elicited concentration-dependent vasodilatation mimicked by conjugated anthocyanins standards. Vascular responses of main glycosylated anthocyanins were endothelium-dependent (p < 0.001) and mediated by NO production (p < 0.05). The anthocyanins antioxidant activity determined in isolated endothelial cells (CAA) showed a reduced redox potential as compared to the extract or quercetin. While in the 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, the anthocyanins showed an equivalent quercetin potency, the extract was 15-fold less active, proposing that the anthocyanin-induced vasodilation is not due to an antioxidant mechanism. The extract shows promising commercial nutraceutical potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Calfío
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 9170022, Chile.
| | - Juan Pablo Huidobro-Toro
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 9170022, Chile
- Centro para el Desarrollo de Nanociencia y Nanotecnología (CEDENNA), Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 9170022, Chile
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Rivero MJ, Balocchi OL, Neumann FL, Siebald JA. Grazing Preference of Dairy Cows and Pasture Productivity for Different Cultivars of Perennial Ryegrass under Contrasting Managements. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:E253. [PMID: 31137542 PMCID: PMC6562485 DOI: 10.3390/ani9050253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the pasture performance of different cultivars of perennial ryegrass, two "high sugar" and two standard cultivars, under two contrasting agronomic managements (aimed at either decreasing or increasing water soluble carbohydrates concentration), and their effects on the grazing preference of dairy cows. Eight treatments arising from the factorial combination of four cultivars and two managements were randomly applied to 31-m2 plots in three blocks. Pasture dry matter production and growth rate were measured for one year. Three grazing assessments were performed to establish the grazing preferences of six dairy cows in spring, summer and autumn. High sugar cultivars produced less dry matter per hectare than the standard cultivars. Cows consumed more grass and harvested a greater proportion of the pasture under the agronomic management aimed at decreasing sugar concentration, i.e., with a greater nitrogen fertilization rate and under a more frequent defoliation regime, which could be explained by the greater crude protein concentration achieved under this management. The results suggest that the genetic selection for greater levels of sugars was at the expense of herbage yield, and that cows preferred to graze herbage with a greater crude protein level instead of a greater sugar concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Jordana Rivero
- Departamento de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Acuícolas, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Campus Norte, Rudecindo Ortega 02950, Temuco 4780000, Chile.
- Rothamsted Research, Sustainable Agriculture Sciences, North Wyke, Okehampton, Devon EX20 2SB, UK.
| | - Oscar L Balocchi
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Instituto de Producción Animal, Universidad Austral de Chile, Campus Isla Teja, Valdivia 5090000, Chile.
| | - Fabián L Neumann
- CIA-CENEREMA, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Campus Isla Teja, Valdivia 5090000, Chile.
- Graduate School, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Campus Isla Teja, Valdivia 5090000, Chile.
| | - Juan A Siebald
- Graduate School, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Campus Isla Teja, Valdivia 5090000, Chile.
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