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Lu H, Zuo X, Yuan J, Xie Z, Yin L, Pu Y, Chen Z, Zhang J. Research progress in the development of 3D skin models and their application to in vitro skin irritation testing. J Appl Toxicol 2024. [PMID: 38711121 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Toxicological assessment of chemicals is crucial for safeguarding human health and the environment. However, traditional animal experiments are associated with ethical, technical, and predictive limitations in assessing the toxicity of chemicals to the skin. With the recent development of bioengineering and tissue engineering, three-dimensional (3D) skin models have been commonly used as an alternative for toxicological studies. The skin consists of the subcutaneous, dermis, and epidermis. All these layers have crucial functions such as physical and biological protection and thermoregulation. The epidermis is the shallowest layer protecting against external substances and media. Because the skin is the first contact point for many substances, this organ is very significant for assessing local toxicity following skin exposure. According to the classification of the United Nations Global Harmonized System, skin irritation is a major potentially hazardous characteristic of chemicals, and this characteristic must be accurately assessed and classified for enhancing chemical safety management and preventing and reducing chemical accidents. This review discusses the research progress of 3D skin models and introduces their application in assessing chemical skin irritation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Lu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Xulei Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Jiayu Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Zhuoying Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Lihong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Yuepu Pu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Zaozao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Institute for Sport and Health (JISH), Nanjing, P. R. China
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Phang SJ, Teh HX, Looi ML, Fauzi MB, Neo YP, Arumugam B, Kuppusamy UR. PVA/PVP Nanofibres Incorporated with Ecklonia cava Phlorotannins Exhibit Excellent Cytocompatibility and Accelerate Hyperglycaemic Wound Healing. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2024; 21:243-260. [PMID: 37865625 PMCID: PMC10825108 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-023-00590-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a major debilitating complication of diabetes. The lack of effective diabetic wound dressings has been a significant problem in DFU management. In this study, we aim to establish a phlorotannin-incorporated nanofibre system and determine its potential in accelerating hyperglycaemic wound healing. METHODS The effective dose of Ecklonia cava phlorotannins (ECP) for hyperglycaemic wound healing was determined prior to phlorotannin nanofibre fabrication using polyvinyl-alcohol (PVA), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), and ECP. Vapour glutaraldehyde was used for crosslinking of the PVA/PVP nanofibres. The phlorotannin nanofibres were characterised, and their safety and cytocompatibility were validated. Next, the wound healing effect of phlorotannin nanofibres was determined with 2D wound scratch assay, whereas immunofluorescence staining of Collagen-I (Col-I) and Cytokeratin-14 (CK-14) was performed in human dermal fibroblasts (HDF) and human epidermal keratinocytes (HEK), respectively. RESULTS Our results demonstrated that 0.01 μg/mL ECP significantly improved hyperglycaemic wound healing without compromising cell viability and proliferation. Among all nanofibres, PVA/PVP/0.01 wt% ECP nanofibres exhibited the best hyperglycaemic wound healing effect. They displayed a diameter of 334.7 ± 10.1 nm, a porosity of 40.7 ± 3.3%, and a WVTR of 1718.1 ± 32.3 g/m2/day. Besides, the FTIR spectra and phlorotannin release profile validated the successful vapour glutaraldehyde crosslinking and ECP incorporation. We also demonstrated the potential of phlorotannin nanofibres as a non-cytotoxic wound dressing as they support the viability and proliferation of both HDF and HEK. Furthermore, phlorotannin nanofibres significantly ameliorated the impaired hyperglycaemic wound healing and restored the hyperglycaemic-induced Col-I reduction in HDF. CONCLUSION Taken together, our findings show that phlorotannin nanofibres have the potential to be used as a diabetic wound dressing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shou Jin Phang
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Huey Xhin Teh
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mee Lee Looi
- Centre for Future Learning, Taylor's University, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mh Busra Fauzi
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yun Ping Neo
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Bavani Arumugam
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Umah Rani Kuppusamy
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Chepelova N, Antoshin A, Voloshin S, Usanova A, Efremov Y, Makeeva M, Evlashin S, Stepanov M, Turkina A, Timashev P. Oral Galvanism Side Effects: Comparing Alloy Ions and Galvanic Current Effects on the Mucosa-like Model. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:564. [PMID: 38132818 PMCID: PMC10744021 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14120564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The interaction of different dental alloys with the oral environment may cause severe side effects (e.g., burning sensation, inflammatory reactions, carcinogenesis) as a result of oral galvanism. However, the pathogenesis of side effects associated with oral galvanism is still unclear, and the effects of direct current and alloy corrosion ions are considered potentially contributing factors. Therefore, the aim of this study was to systemically compare the damaging effects of (1) galvanism as a synergistic process (direct current + corrosion ions), (2) direct current separately, and (3) corrosion ions separately on an in vitro mucosa-like model based on a cell line of immortalized human keratinocytes (HaCaTs) to reveal the factors playing a pivotal role in dental alloys side effects. For this, we chose and compared the dental alloys with the highest risk of oral galvanism: Ti64-AgPd and NiCr-AgPd. We showed that galvanic current may be the leading damaging factor in the cytotoxic processes associated with galvanic coupling of metallic intraoral appliances in the oral cavity, especially in the short-term period (28 days). However, the contribution of corrosion ions (Ni2+) to the synergistic toxicity was also shown, and quite possibly, in the long term, it could be no less dangerous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Chepelova
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 8-2 Trubetskaya St., Moscow 119048, Russia; (N.C.); (S.V.); (A.U.); (Y.E.); (P.T.)
| | - Artem Antoshin
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 8-2 Trubetskaya St., Moscow 119048, Russia; (N.C.); (S.V.); (A.U.); (Y.E.); (P.T.)
| | - Sergei Voloshin
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 8-2 Trubetskaya St., Moscow 119048, Russia; (N.C.); (S.V.); (A.U.); (Y.E.); (P.T.)
| | - Anna Usanova
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 8-2 Trubetskaya St., Moscow 119048, Russia; (N.C.); (S.V.); (A.U.); (Y.E.); (P.T.)
| | - Yuri Efremov
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 8-2 Trubetskaya St., Moscow 119048, Russia; (N.C.); (S.V.); (A.U.); (Y.E.); (P.T.)
| | - Maria Makeeva
- Therapeutic Dentistry Department, Institute for Dentistry, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 8-2 Trubetskaya Str., Moscow 119048, Russia; (M.M.); (A.T.)
- Conservative Dentistry Department, RUDN University, 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, Moscow 117198, Russia
| | - Stanislav Evlashin
- Center for Materials Technologies, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow 121205, Russia;
| | - Mikhail Stepanov
- Department of Dental Surgery, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 8-2 Trubetskaya Str., Moscow 119048, Russia;
| | - Anna Turkina
- Therapeutic Dentistry Department, Institute for Dentistry, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 8-2 Trubetskaya Str., Moscow 119048, Russia; (M.M.); (A.T.)
| | - Peter Timashev
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 8-2 Trubetskaya St., Moscow 119048, Russia; (N.C.); (S.V.); (A.U.); (Y.E.); (P.T.)
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4
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Stabell AR, Lee GE, Jia Y, Wong KN, Wang S, Ling J, Nguyen SD, Sen GL, Nie Q, Atwood SX. Single-cell transcriptomics of human-skin-equivalent organoids. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112511. [PMID: 37195865 PMCID: PMC10348600 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Several methods for generating human-skin-equivalent (HSE) organoid cultures are in use to study skin biology; however, few studies thoroughly characterize these systems. To fill this gap, we use single-cell transcriptomics to compare in vitro HSEs, xenograft HSEs, and in vivo epidermis. By combining differential gene expression, pseudotime analyses, and spatial localization, we reconstruct HSE keratinocyte differentiation trajectories that recapitulate known in vivo epidermal differentiation pathways and show that HSEs contain major in vivo cellular states. However, HSEs also develop unique keratinocyte states, an expanded basal stem cell program, and disrupted terminal differentiation. Cell-cell communication modeling shows aberrant epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-associated signaling pathways that alter upon epidermal growth factor (EGF) supplementation. Last, xenograft HSEs at early time points post transplantation significantly rescue many in vitro deficits while undergoing a hypoxic response that drives an alternative differentiation lineage. This study highlights the strengths and limitations of organoid cultures and identifies areas for potential innovation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam R Stabell
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; NSF-Simons Center for Multiscale Cell Fate Research, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Grace E Lee
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Yunlong Jia
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Kirsten N Wong
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; NSF-Simons Center for Multiscale Cell Fate Research, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Shuxiong Wang
- Department of Mathematics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Ji Ling
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Sandrine D Nguyen
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - George L Sen
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, UCSD Stem Cell Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Qing Nie
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; NSF-Simons Center for Multiscale Cell Fate Research, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Mathematics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Center for Complex Biological Systems, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Scott X Atwood
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; NSF-Simons Center for Multiscale Cell Fate Research, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Center for Complex Biological Systems, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Dermatology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
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5
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Fadilah NIM, Ahmat N, Hao LQ, Maarof M, Rajab NF, Idrus RBH, Fauzi MB. Biological Safety Assessments of High-Purified Ovine Collagen Type I Biomatrix for Future Therapeutic Product: International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO) and Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) Settings. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15112436. [PMID: 37299233 DOI: 10.3390/polym15112436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Wound care management is incredibly challenging for chronic injuries, despite the availability of various types of wound care products in the market. However, most current wound-healing products do not attempt to mimic the extracellular matrix (ECM) and simply provide a barrier function or wound covering. Collagen is a natural polymer that involves a major constituent of the ECM protein, thus making it attractive to be used in skin tissue regeneration during wound healing. This study aimed to validate the biological safety assessments of ovine tendon collagen type-I (OTC-I) in the accredited laboratory under ISO and GLP settings. It is important to ensure that the biomatrix will not stimulate the immune system to produce any adverse reaction. Therefore, we successfully extracted collagen type-I from the ovine tendon (OTC- I) using a method of low-concentration acetic acid. The three-dimensional (3D) skin patch of spongy OTC-I was a soft and white colour, being tested for safety and biocompatibility evaluations based on ISO 10993-5, ISO 10993-10, ISO 10993-11, ISO 10993-23, USP 40 <151>, and OECD 471. For the dermal sensitisation and acute irritation test, none of the tested animals displayed any erythema or oedema effects (p > 0.005). In addition, there were no abnormalities detected in the organ of the mice after being exposed to OTC-I; additionally, no morbidity and mortality were observed in the acute systemic test under the guideline of ISO 10993-11:2017. The grade 0 (non-reactive) based on ISO 10993-5:2009 was graded for the OTC-I at 100% concentration and the mean number of the revertant colonies did not exceed 2-fold of the 0.9% w/v sodium chloride compared to the tester strains of S. typhimurium (TA100, TA1535, TA98, TA1537), and E. coli (WP2 trp uvrA). Our study revealed that OTC-I biomatrix does not present any adverse effects or abnormalities in the present study's condition of induced skin sensitization effect, mutagenic and cytotoxic towards cells and animals. This biocompatibility assessment demonstrated a good agreement between in vitro and in vivo results regarding the absence of skin irritation and sensitization potential. Therefore, OTC-I biomatrix is a potential medical device candidate for future clinical trials focusing on wound care management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Izzah Md Fadilah
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Nazeha Ahmat
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Looi Qi Hao
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
- My Cytohealth Sdn. Bhd., Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Manira Maarof
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Nor Fadilah Rajab
- Biomedical Science Program, Center for Healthy Aging and Wellness, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abd Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
| | - Ruszymah Binti Hj Idrus
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Mh Busra Fauzi
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
- My Cytohealth Sdn. Bhd., Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
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Wang B, Wang X, Kenneth A, Drena A, Pacheco A, Kalvin L, Ibrahim ES, Rossi PJ, Thatcher K, Lincoln J. Developing small-diameter vascular grafts with human amniotic membrane: long-term evaluation of transplantation outcomes in a small animal model. Biofabrication 2023; 15. [PMID: 36626826 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/acb1da] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
While current clinical utilization of large vascular grafts for vascular transplantation is encouraging, tissue engineering of small grafts still faces numerous challenges. This study aims to investigate the feasibility of constructing a small vascular graft from decellularized amniotic membranes (DAMs). DAMs were rolled around a catheter and each of the resulting grafts was crosslinked with (a) 0.1% glutaraldehyde; (b) 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) crbodiimidehydro-chloride (20 mM)-N-hydroxy-succinimide (10 mM); (c) 0.5% genipin; and (d) no-crosslinking, respectively. Our results demonstrated the feasibility of using a rolling technique followed by lyophilization to transform DAM into a vessel-like structure. The genipin-crosslinked DAM graft showed an improved integrated structure, prolonged stability, proper mechanical property, and superior biocompatibility. After transplantation in rat abdominal aorta, the genipin-crosslinked DAM graft remained patent up to 16 months, with both endothelial and smooth muscle cell regeneration, which suggests that the genipin-crosslinked DAM graft has great potential to beimplementedas a small tissue engineered graft for futurevasculartransplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, Marquette University and the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States of America
| | - Xiaolong Wang
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, Marquette University and the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States of America
| | - Allen Kenneth
- Biomedical Resource Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States of America
| | - Alexander Drena
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53211, United States of America
| | - Arsenio Pacheco
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53211, United States of America
| | - Lindsey Kalvin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States of America
| | - Ei-Sayed Ibrahim
- Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States of America
| | - Peter J Rossi
- Heart and Vascular Center, Froedtert Hospital, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States of America
| | - Kaitlyn Thatcher
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States of America
| | - Joy Lincoln
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States of America
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7
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Di Cristo L, Sabella S. Cell Cultures at the Air-Liquid Interface and Their Application in Cancer Research. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2645:41-64. [PMID: 37202611 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3056-3_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Air-liquid interface (ALI) cell cultures are considered a valid tool for the replacement of animals in biomedical research. By mimicking crucial features of the human in vivo epithelial barriers (e.g., lung, intestine, and skin), ALI cell cultures enable proper structural architectures and differentiated functions of normal and diseased tissue barriers. Thereby, ALI models realistically resemble tissue conditions and provide in vivo-like responses. Since their implementation, they are routinely used in several applications, from toxicity testing to cancer research, receiving an appreciable level of acceptance (in some cases a regulatory acceptance) as attractive testing alternatives to animals. In this chapter, an overview of the ALI cell cultures will be presented together with their application in cancer cell culture, highlighting the potential advantages and disadvantages of the model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisana Di Cristo
- D3 PharmaChemistry, Nanoregulatory Group, Italian Institute of Technology, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Stefania Sabella
- D3 PharmaChemistry, Nanoregulatory Group, Italian Institute of Technology, Genoa, Italy
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8
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Ahmad N. In Vitro and In Vivo Characterization Methods for Evaluation of Modern Wound Dressings. Pharmaceutics 2022; 15:pharmaceutics15010042. [PMID: 36678671 PMCID: PMC9864730 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic wound management represents a major challenge in the healthcare sector owing to its delayed wound-healing process progression and huge financial burden. In this regard, wound dressings provide an appropriate platform for facilitating wound healing for several decades. However, adherent traditional wound dressings do not provide effective wound healing for highly exudating chronic wounds and need the development of newer and innovative wound dressings to facilitate accelerated wound healing. In addition, these dressings need frequent changing, resulting in more pain and discomfort. In order to overcome these issues, a wide range of affordable and innovative modern wound dressings have been developed and explored recently to accelerate and improve the wound healing process. However, a comprehensive understanding of various in vitro and in vivo characterization methods being utilized for the evaluation of different modern wound dressings is lacking. In this context, an overview of modern dressings and their complete in vitro and in vivo characterization methods for wound healing assessment is provided in this review. Herein, various emerging modern wound dressings with advantages and challenges have also been reviewed. Furthermore, different in vitro wound healing assays and in vivo wound models being utilized for the evaluation of wound healing progression and wound healing rate using wound dressings are discussed in detail. Finally, a summary of modern wound dressings with challenges and the future outlook is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveed Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Aljouf, Saudi Arabia
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Masri S, Fauzi FAM, Hasnizam SB, Azhari AS, Lim JEA, Hao LQ, Maarof M, Motta A, Fauzi MB. Engineered-Skin of Single Dermal Layer Containing Printed Hybrid Gelatin-Polyvinyl Alcohol Bioink via 3D-Bioprinting: In Vitro Assessment under Submerged vs. Air-Lifting Models. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:1328. [PMID: 36355501 PMCID: PMC9692267 DOI: 10.3390/ph15111328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) in vitro skin models are frequently employed in cosmetic and pharmaceutical research to minimize the demand for animal testing. Hence, three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting was introduced to fabricate layer-by-layer bioink made up of cells and improve the ability to develop a rapid manufacturing process, while maintaining bio-mechanical scaffolds and microstructural properties. Briefly, gelatin-polyvinyl alcohol (GPVA) was mixed with 1.5 × 106 and 3.0 × 106 human dermal fibroblast (HDF) cell density, together with 0.1% genipin (GNP), as a crosslinking agent, using 3D-bioprinting. Then, it was cultured under submerged and air-lifting conditions. The gross appearance of the hydrogel's surface and cross-section were captured and evaluated. The biocompatibility testing of HDFs and cell-bioink interaction towards the GPVA was analyzed by using live/dead assay, cell migration activity, cell proliferation assay, cell morphology (SEM) and protein expression via immunocytochemistry. The crosslinked hydrogels significantly demonstrated optimum average pore size (100-199 μm). The GPVA crosslinked with GNP (GPVA_GNP) hydrogels with 3.0 × 106 HDFs was proven to be outstanding, compared to the other hydrogels, in biocompatibility testing to promote cellular interaction. Moreover, GPVA-GNP hydrogels, encapsulated with 3.0 × 106 HDFs under submerged cultivation, had a better outcome than air-lifting with an excellent surface cell viability rate of 96 ± 0.02%, demonstrated by 91.3 ± 4.1% positively expressed Ki67 marker at day 14 that represented active proliferative cells, an average of 503.3 ± 15.2 μm for migration distance, and maintained the HDFs' phenotypic profiles with the presence of collagen type I expression. It also presented with an absence of alpha-smooth muscle actin positive staining. In conclusion, 3.0 × 106 of hybrid GPVA hydrogel crosslinked with GNP, produced by submerged cultivation, was proven to have the excellent biocompatibility properties required to be a potential bioinks for the rapid manufacturing of 3D in vitro of a single dermal layer for future use in cosmetic, pharmaceutic and toxicologic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syafira Masri
- Centre for Tissue Engineering Centre and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Faraheda Amilia Mohd Fauzi
- Centre for Tissue Engineering Centre and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Sarah Batrisyia Hasnizam
- Centre for Tissue Engineering Centre and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Aizzaty Sulha Azhari
- Centre for Tissue Engineering Centre and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Juliana Edora Amin Lim
- Centre for Tissue Engineering Centre and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Looi Qi Hao
- My Cytohealth Sdn. Bhd., Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Manira Maarof
- Centre for Tissue Engineering Centre and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Antonella Motta
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Biotech Research Center, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Mh Busra Fauzi
- Centre for Tissue Engineering Centre and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
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Phang SJ, Basak S, Teh HX, Packirisamy G, Fauzi MB, Kuppusamy UR, Neo YP, Looi ML. Advancements in Extracellular Matrix-Based Biomaterials and Biofabrication of 3D Organotypic Skin Models. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:3220-3241. [PMID: 35861577 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Over the last decades, three-dimensional (3D) organotypic skin models have received enormous attention as alternative models to in vivo animal models and in vitro two-dimensional assays. To date, most organotypic skin models have an epidermal layer of keratinocytes and a dermal layer of fibroblasts embedded in an extracellular matrix (ECM)-based biomaterial. The ECM provides mechanical support and biochemical signals to the cells. Without advancements in ECM-based biomaterials and biofabrication technologies, it would have been impossible to create organotypic skin models that mimic native human skin. In this review, the use of ECM-based biomaterials in the reconstruction of skin models, as well as the study of complete ECM-based biomaterials, such as fibroblasts-derived ECM and decellularized ECM as a better biomaterial, will be highlighted. We also discuss the benefits and drawbacks of several biofabrication processes used in the fabrication of ECM-based biomaterials, such as conventional static culture, electrospinning, 3D bioprinting, and skin-on-a-chip. Advancements and future possibilities in modifying ECM-based biomaterials to recreate disease-like skin models will also be highlighted, given the importance of organotypic skin models in disease modeling. Overall, this review provides an overview of the present variety of ECM-based biomaterials and biofabrication technologies available. An enhanced organotypic skin model is expected to be produced in the near future by combining knowledge from previous experiences and current research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shou Jin Phang
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Soumyadeep Basak
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee-247 667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Huey Xhin Teh
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Gopinath Packirisamy
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee-247 667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Mh Busra Fauzi
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Umah Rani Kuppusamy
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yun Ping Neo
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 47500 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mee Lee Looi
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Sulaiman SB, Abdul Rani RB, Mohamad Yahaya NHB, Tabata Y, Hiraoka Y, Seet WT, Ng MH. Physical and natural cross-linking approaches on 3D gelatin microspheres for cartilage regeneration. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2022; 28:557-569. [PMID: 35615885 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2022.0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of gelatin microspheres (GM) as a cell carrier has been extensively researched. One of its limitation is that it dissolves rapidly in aqueous settings, precluding its use for long-term cell propagation. This circumstance necessitates the use of cross-linking agents to circumvent the constraint. Thus, the current study examines two different methods of cross-linking and their effect on the microsphere's '"physicochemical and cartilage tissue regeneration capacity. Crosslinking was accomplished by physical [Dehydrothermal (DHT)] and natural (Genipin) cross-linking of the 3D gelatin microspheres (GM). We begin by comparing the microstructures of the scaffolds and their long-term resistance to degradation under physiological conditions (in isotonic solution, at 37 °C, pH = 7.4). Infrared spectroscopy indicated that the gelatin structure was preserved after the cross-linking treatments. The cross-linked GM" 'demonstrated good cell adhesion, viability, proliferation, and widespread 3D scaffold colonization when seeded with human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). Additionally, the cross-linked microspheres enhanced chondrogenesis, as demonstrated by the data. It was discovered that cross-linked GM increased the expression of cartilage-related genes and the biosynthesis of a glycosaminoglycan-positive matrix as compared to non-crosslinked GM. In comparison, DHT-crosslinked results were significantly enhanced. To summarize, DHT treatment was found to be a superior approach for cross-linking the GM in order to promote better cartilage tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamsul Bin Sulaiman
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 61775, Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (CTERM), Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Rizal Bin Abdul Rani
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 61775, Orthopedic & Traumatology, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | | | - Yasuhiko Tabata
- Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Dept of Biomaterials, 53 Shogoinkawara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan, 6068507;
| | | | - Wan Tai Seet
- UKM, 61775, Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, 12th Floor, Clinical Block, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 56000;
| | - Min Hwei Ng
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 61775, Tissue Engineering Centre, 12th Floor, Clinical Block, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory, Malaysia, 56000.,Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, 12th Floor, Clinical Block, Jalan Yaacob Latif, 12th Floor, Clinical Block, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Malaysia;
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12
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Utami Nike D, Md Fadilah NI, Sallehuddin N, Nor Azlan AYH, Imran FH, Maarof M, Fauzi MB. Genipin-Crosslinking Effects on Biomatrix Development for Cutaneous Wound Healing: A Concise Review. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:865014. [PMID: 35677301 PMCID: PMC9169157 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.865014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Split skin graft (SSG), a standard gold treatment for wound healing, has numerous limitations such as lack of fresh skin to be applied, tedious process, severe scarring, and keloid formation followed by higher risks of infection. Thus, there is a gap in producing polymeric scaffolds as an alternative for wound care management. Bioscaffold is the main component in tissue engineering technology that provides porous three-dimensional (3D) microarchitecture for cells to survive. Upon skin tissue reconstruction, the 3D-porous structure ensures sufficient nutrients and gaseous diffusion and cell penetration that improves cell proliferation and vascularization for tissue regeneration. Hence, it is highly considered a promising candidate for various skin wound healing applications. To date, natural-based crosslinking agents have been extensively used to tailor the physicochemical and mechanical properties of the skin biomatrix. Genipin (GNP) is preferable to other plant-based crosslinkers due to its biological activities, such as antiinflammatory and antioxidant, which are key players to boost skin wound healing. In addition, it has shown a noncytotoxic effect and is biocompatible with human skin cells. This review validated the effects of GNP in biomatrix fabrication for skin wound healing from the last 7 years of established research articles and stipulated the biomaterial development-scale point of view. Lastly, the possible role of GNP in the skin wound healing cascade is also discussed. Through the literature output, it can be concluded that GNP has the capability to increase the stability of biomatrix and maintain the skin cells viability, which will contribute in accelerating wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dewi Utami Nike
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nur Izzah Md Fadilah
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nusaibah Sallehuddin
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Yasser Hamdi Nor Azlan
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Universiti Kuala Lumpur Royal College of Medicine Perak, Ipoh, Malaysia
| | - Farrah Hani Imran
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Manira Maarof
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mh Busra Fauzi
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- *Correspondence: Mh Busra Fauzi,
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Rashidbenam Z, Jasman MH, Tan GH, Goh EH, Fam XI, Ho CCK, Zainuddin ZM, Rajan R, Rani RA, Nor FM, Shuhaili MA, Kosai NR, Imran FH, Ng MH. Fabrication of Adipose-Derived Stem Cell-Based Self-Assembled Scaffold under Hypoxia and Mechanical Stimulation for Urethral Tissue Engineering. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073350. [PMID: 33805910 PMCID: PMC8036589 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Long urethral strictures are often treated with autologous genital skin and buccal mucosa grafts; however, risk of hair ingrowth and donor site morbidity, restrict their application. To overcome this, we introduced a tissue-engineered human urethra comprising adipose-derived stem cell (ASC)-based self-assembled scaffold, human urothelial cells (UCs) and smooth muscle cells (SMCs). ASCs were cultured with ascorbic acid to stimulate extracellular matrix (ECM) production. The scaffold (ECM) was stained with collagen type-I antibody and the thickness was measured under a confocal microscope. Results showed that the thickest scaffold (28.06 ± 0.59 μm) was achieved with 3 × 104 cells/cm2 seeding density, 100 μg/mL ascorbic acid concentration under hypoxic and dynamic culture condition. The biocompatibility assessment showed that UCs and SMCs seeded on the scaffold could proliferate and maintain the expression of their markers (CK7, CK20, UPIa, and UPII) and (α-SMA, MHC and Smootheline), respectively, after 14 days of in vitro culture. ECM gene expression analysis showed that the ASC and dermal fibroblast-based scaffolds (control) were comparable. The ASC-based scaffold can be handled and removed from the plate. This suggests that multiple layers of scaffold can be stacked to form the urothelium (seeded with UCs), submucosal layer (ASCs only), and smooth muscle layer (seeded with SMCs) and has the potential to be developed into a fully functional human urethra for urethral reconstructive surgeries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Rashidbenam
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, 12th Floor, Clinical Block, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia;
| | - Mohd Hafidzul Jasman
- Clinical Skills Learning and Simulation Unit, Department of Medical Education, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia;
| | - Guan Hee Tan
- Urology Unit, Department of Surgery, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, 8th Floor, Clinical Block, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (G.H.T.); (E.H.G.); (X.I.F.); (Z.M.Z.)
| | - Eng Hong Goh
- Urology Unit, Department of Surgery, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, 8th Floor, Clinical Block, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (G.H.T.); (E.H.G.); (X.I.F.); (Z.M.Z.)
| | - Xeng Inn Fam
- Urology Unit, Department of Surgery, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, 8th Floor, Clinical Block, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (G.H.T.); (E.H.G.); (X.I.F.); (Z.M.Z.)
| | - Christopher Chee Kong Ho
- School of Medicine, Taylor’s University, No. 1 Jalan Taylor’s, Subang Jaya 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia;
| | - Zulkifli Md Zainuddin
- Urology Unit, Department of Surgery, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, 8th Floor, Clinical Block, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (G.H.T.); (E.H.G.); (X.I.F.); (Z.M.Z.)
| | - Reynu Rajan
- Minimally Invasive Upper Gastrointestinal and Bariatric Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, 8th Floor, Clinical Block, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (R.R.); (M.A.S.); (N.R.K.)
| | - Rizal Abdul Rani
- Arthoplasty Unit, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology Surgery, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, 9th Floor, Clinical Block, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia;
| | - Fatimah Mohd Nor
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Clinical Block, 8th Floor, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (F.M.N.); (F.H.I.)
| | - Mohamad Aznan Shuhaili
- Minimally Invasive Upper Gastrointestinal and Bariatric Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, 8th Floor, Clinical Block, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (R.R.); (M.A.S.); (N.R.K.)
| | - Nik Ritza Kosai
- Minimally Invasive Upper Gastrointestinal and Bariatric Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, 8th Floor, Clinical Block, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (R.R.); (M.A.S.); (N.R.K.)
| | - Farrah Hani Imran
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Clinical Block, 8th Floor, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (F.M.N.); (F.H.I.)
| | - Min Hwei Ng
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, 12th Floor, Clinical Block, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +6012-313-9179
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