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Chandrasekar J, Venkatesan M, Sun TW, Hsu YC, Huang YH, Chen WW, Chen MH, Tsai ML, Chen JY, Lin JH, Zhou Y, Kuo CC. Recent progress in self-healable energy harvesting and storage devices - a future direction for reliable and safe electronics. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2024; 11:1395-1413. [PMID: 38282534 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh01519j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Electronic devices with multiple features bring in comfort to the way we live. However, repeated use causes physical as well as chemical degradation reducing their lifetime. The self-healing ability is the most crucial property of natural systems for survival in unexpected situations and variable environments. However, this self-repair property is not possessed by the conventional electronic devices designed today. To expand their lifetime and make them reliable by restoring their mechanical, functional, and electrical properties, self-healing materials are a great go-to option to create robust devices. In this review the intriguing self-healing polymers and fascinating mechanism of self-healable energy harvesting devices such as triboelectric nanogenerators (TENG) and storage devices like supercapacitors and batteries from the aspect of electrodes and electrolytes in the past five years are reviewed. The current challenges, strategies, and perspectives for a smart and sustainable future are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayashree Chandrasekar
- Department of Molecular Science and Engineering, Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan.
| | - Manikandan Venkatesan
- Department of Molecular Science and Engineering, Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan.
| | - Ting-Wang Sun
- Department of Molecular Science and Engineering, Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan.
| | - Yung-Chi Hsu
- Department of Molecular Science and Engineering, Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan.
- Advanced Research Center for Green Materials Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hang Huang
- Department of Molecular Science and Engineering, Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan.
- Advanced Research Center for Green Materials Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Wen Chen
- Department of Molecular Science and Engineering, Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan.
- Advanced Research Center for Green Materials Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Hsin Chen
- Department of Electro-Optical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
| | - Meng-Lin Tsai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Yao Chen
- Department of Photonics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Ja-Hon Lin
- Department of Electro-Optical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
| | - Ye Zhou
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China.
| | - Chi-Ching Kuo
- Department of Molecular Science and Engineering, Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan.
- Advanced Research Center for Green Materials Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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Liu Y, Wang S, Dong J, Huo P, Zhang D, Han S, Yang J, Jiang Z. External Stimuli-Induced Welding of Dynamic Cross-Linked Polymer Networks. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:621. [PMID: 38475305 DOI: 10.3390/polym16050621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Thermosets have been crucial in modern engineering for decades, finding applications in various industries. Welding cross-linked components are essential in the processing of thermosets for repairing damaged areas or fabricating complex structures. However, the inherent insolubility and infusibility of thermoset materials, attributed to their three-dimensional network structure, pose challenges to welding development. Incorporating dynamic chemical bonds into highly cross-linked networks bridges the gap between thermosets and thermoplastics presenting a promising avenue for innovative welding techniques. External stimuli, including thermal, light, solvent, pH, electric, and magnetic fields, induce dynamic bonds' breakage and reformation, rendering the cross-linked network malleable. This plasticity facilitates the seamless linkage of two parts to an integral whole, attracting significant attention for potential applications in soft actuators, smart devices, solid batteries, and more. This review provides a comprehensive overview of dynamic bonds employed in welding dynamic cross-linked networks (DCNs). It extensively discusses the classification and fabrication of common epoxy DCNs and acrylate DCNs. Notably, recent advancements in welding processes based on DCNs under external stimuli are detailed, focusing on the welding dynamics among covalent adaptable networks (CANs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Materials Science & Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Jidong Dong
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Materials Science & Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Pengfei Huo
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Materials Science & Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Dawei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Materials Science & Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Shuaiyuan Han
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Materials Science & Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Zaixing Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150040, China
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Saeed AM, Taha AG, Dardeer HM, Aly MF. One-pot synthesis of novel chitosan-salicylaldehyde polymer composites for ammonia sensing. Sci Rep 2024; 14:239. [PMID: 38168141 PMCID: PMC10761969 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50243-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Chitosan (Chs)-salicylaldehyde (Sal) polymer derivatives were formed via the reaction of Chs-Sal with zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and beta-cyclodextrin (β-CD). These polymers were synthesized through inclusion with β-CD and doping with ZnO NPs to give pseudopolyrotaxane and Chs-Sal/ZnO NPs composite, respectively, for low-temperature detection and sensing of NH3 vapors as great significance in environmental control and human health. Additionally, the polymer (Chs-Sal/β-CD/ZnO NPs) was prepared via the insertion of generated composite (Chs-Sal/ZnO NPs) through β-cyclodextrin ring. The structural and morphological characterizations of the synthesized derivatives were confirmed by utilizing FTIR, XRD and, SEM, respectively. Also, the optical properties and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) of the synthesized polymers were explored. The obtained results confirmed that using β-CD or ZnO NPs for modification of polymer (Chs-Sal) dramatically enhanced thermal stability and optical features of the synthesized polymers. Investigations on the NH3-sensing properties of Chs-Sal/β-CD/ZnO NPs composite were carried out at concentrations down to 10 ppm and good response and recovery times (650 s and 350 s, respectively) at room temperature (RT) and indicated that modification by β-CD and doping with ZnO NPs effectively improves the NH3-sensing response of Chs-Sal from 712 to 6192 using Chs-Sal/β-CD/ZnO NPs, respectively, with low LOD and LOQ of 0.12 and 0.4 ppb, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Muhammed Saeed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11884, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed Gaber Taha
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena, 83523, Egypt
| | - Hemat Mohamed Dardeer
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena, 83523, Egypt
| | - Moustafa Fawzy Aly
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena, 83523, Egypt.
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Muresan LM. Nanocomposite Coatings for Anti-Corrosion Properties of Metallic Substrates. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:5092. [PMID: 37512373 PMCID: PMC10384308 DOI: 10.3390/ma16145092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Nanocomposites are high-performance materials with exceptional characteristics that possess properties that their individual constituents, by themselves, cannot provide. They have useful applications in many fields, ranging from membrane processes to fuel cells, biomedical devices, and anti-corrosion protection. Well-tailored nanocomposites are promising materials for anti-corrosion coatings on metals and alloys, exhibiting simple barrier protection or even smart auto-responsive and self-healing functionalities. Nanocomposite coatings can be prepared by using a large variety of matrices and reinforcement materials, often acting in synergy. In this context, recent advances in the preparation and characterization of corrosion-resistant nanocomposite coatings based on metallic, polymeric, and ceramic matrices, as well as the incorporation of various reinforcement materials, are reviewed. The review presents the most important materials used as matrices for nanocomposites (metals, polymers, and ceramics), the most popular fillers (nanoparticles, nanotubes, nanowires, nanorods, nanoplatelets, nanosheets, nanofilms, or nanocapsules), and their combinations. Some of the most important characteristics and applications of nanocomposite coatings, as well as the challenges for future research, are briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liana Maria Muresan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, "Babes-Bolyai" University, 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Wang C, Guo Z, Wang C, Liu W, Yang X, Huo H, Cai Y, Geng Z, Su Z. High-performance self-healing composite ultrafiltration membrane based on multiple molecular dynamic interactions. J Memb Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2023.121395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Development of Sustainable High Performance Epoxy Thermosets for Aerospace and Space Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14245473. [PMID: 36559840 PMCID: PMC9785596 DOI: 10.3390/polym14245473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an imperative need to find sustainable ways to produce bisphenol A free, high performance thermosets for specific applications such as the space or aerospace areas. In this study, an aromatic tris epoxide, the tris(4-hydroxyphenyl)methane triglycidyl ether (THPMTGE), was selected to generate high crosslinked networks by its copolymerization with anhydrides. Indeed, the prepared thermosets show a gel content (GC) ~99.9% and glass transition values ranged between 167-196 °C. The thermo-mechanical properties examined by DMA analyses reveal the development of very hard materials with E' ~3-3.5 GPa. The thermosets' rigidity was confirmed by Young's moduli values which ranged between 1.25-1.31 GPa, an elongation at break of about 4-5%, and a tensile stress of ~35-45 MPa. The TGA analyses highlight a very good thermal stability, superior to 340 °C. The Limit Oxygen Index (LOI) parameter was also evaluated, showing the development of new materials with good flame retardancy properties.
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Zhang J, Shi X, Lu H, Yu K, Fu YQ. Self-Toughening and Interfacial Welding of Covalent Adaptable Networks Undergoing Hydro-Chemo-Mechanical Coupling. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin150080, PR China
| | - Xiaojuan Shi
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin150080, PR China
| | - Haibao Lu
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin150080, PR China
| | - Kai Yu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado80217, United States
| | - Yong-Qing Fu
- Faculty of Engineering and Environment, University of Northumbria, Newcastle upon TyneNE1 8ST, U.K
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Preparation and properties of self-healing tung oil-based polymer networks driven by thermo-reversible Diels–Alder reaction. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-022-03303-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2022]
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9
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Ebrahimnezhad‐Khaljiri H, Eslami‐Farsani R, Mirzamohammadi S. Assessment of mechanical and healing behaviors of glass fibers‐epoxy composite containing the microcapsules with the nanocomposite shell. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Reza Eslami‐Farsani
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering K. N. Toosi University of Technology Tehran Iran
| | - Sadegh Mirzamohammadi
- Department of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering Technical and Vocational University (TVU) Tehran Iran
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Electrothermally Self-Healing Delamination Cracks in Carbon/Epoxy Composites Using Sandwich and Tough Carbon Nanotube/Copolymer Interleaves. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14204313. [PMID: 36297893 PMCID: PMC9611350 DOI: 10.3390/polym14204313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, two sandwich and porous interleaves composed of carbon nanotube (CNT) and poly(ethylene-co-methacrylic acid) (EMAA) are proposed, which can simultaneously toughen and self-heal the interlaminar interface of a carbon fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP) by in situ electrical heating of the CNTs. The critical strain energy release rate modes I (GIC) and II (GIIC) are measured to evaluate the toughening and self-healing efficiencies of the interleaves. The results show that compared to the baseline CFRP, the CNT-EMAA-CNT interleaf could increase the GIC by 24.0% and the GIIC by 15.2%, respectively, and their respective self-healing efficiencies could reach 109.7–123.5% and 90.6–91.2%; meanwhile, the EMAA-CNT-EMAA interleaf can improve the GIC and GIIC by 66.9% and 16.7%, respectively, and the corresponding self-healing efficiencies of the GIC and GIIC are 122.7–125.9% and 93.1–94.7%. Thus, both the interleaves show good toughening and self-healing efficiencies on the interlaminar fracture toughness. Specifically, the EMAA-CNT-EMAA interleaf possesses better multi-functionality, i.e., moderate toughening ability but notable self-healing efficiency via electrical heating, which is better than the traditional neat EMAA interleaf and oven-based heating healing method.
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Thermally remendable, weldable, and recyclable epoxy network crosslinked with reversible Diels-alder bonds. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Matykiewicz D, Skórczewska K. Characteristics and Application of Eugenol in the Production of Epoxy and Thermosetting Resin Composites: A Review. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15144824. [PMID: 35888291 PMCID: PMC9321166 DOI: 10.3390/ma15144824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The review article presents an analysis of the properties of epoxy and thermosetting resin composites containing eugenol derivatives. Moreover, eugenol properties were characterized using thermogravimeters (TGA) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The aim of this work was to determine the possibility of using eugenol derivatives in polymer composites based on thermoset resins, which can be used as eco-friendly high-performance materials. Eugenol has been successfully used in the production of epoxy composites as a component of coupling agents, epoxy monomers, flame retardants, curing agents, and modifiers. In addition, it reduced the negative impact of thermoset composites on the environment and, in some cases, enabled their biodegradation. Eugenol-based silane coupling agent improved the properties of natural filler epoxy composites. Moreover, eugenol flame retardant had a positive effect on the fire resistance of the epoxy resin. In turn, eugenol glycidyl ether (GE) was used as a diluent of epoxy ester resins during the vacuum infusion process of epoxy composites with the glass fiber. Eugenol-based epoxy resin was used to make composites with carbon fiber with enhanced thermomechanical properties. Likewise, resins such as bismaleimide resin, phthalonitrile resin, and palm oil-based resin have been used for the production of composites with eugenol derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danuta Matykiewicz
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Materials Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Piotrowo 3, 61-138 Poznan, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Katarzyna Skórczewska
- Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Seminaryjna 3, 85-326 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
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Arif ZU, Khalid MY, Ahmed W, Arshad H, Ullah S. Recycling of the glass/carbon fibre reinforced polymer composites: A step towards the circular economy. POLYM-PLAST TECH MAT 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/25740881.2021.2015781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zia Ullah Arif
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Management & Technology Lahore, Sialkot Campus, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Yasir Khalid
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Management & Technology Lahore, Sialkot Campus, Pakistan
| | - Waqas Ahmed
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Management & Technology Lahore, Sialkot Campus, Pakistan
| | - Hassan Arshad
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Management & Technology Lahore, Sialkot Campus, Pakistan
| | - Sibghat Ullah
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Management & Technology Lahore, Sialkot Campus, Pakistan
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Effect of the Addition of Thermoplastic Resin and Composite on Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Epoxy Resin. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14061087. [PMID: 35335418 PMCID: PMC8954698 DOI: 10.3390/polym14061087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
When the thermoplastic composites reach the service limits during the service, the recovery and utilization are the key concerns. Meanwhile, the improvement of strength, toughness and durability of epoxy resin is the effective method to prolong the service life of materials and structures. In the present paper, three kinds of thermoplastic resins (polypropylene-PP, polyamide 6-PA6 and polyether-ether-ketone-PEEK) and composites (carbon fiber-PEEK, glass fiber-PA6 and glass fiber-PP) were adopted as the fillers to reinforce and toughen the epoxy resin (Ts). The mechanical, thermal and microscopic analysis were conducted to reveal the performance improvement mechanism of Ts. It can be found that adding thermoplastic resin and composite fillers at the low mass ratio of 0.5~1.0% brought about the maximum improvement of tensile strength (7~15%), flexural strength (7~15%) and shear strength (20~30%) of Ts resin. The improvement mechanism was because the addition of thermoplastic fillers can prolong the cracking path and delay the failure process through the load bearing of fiber, energy absorption of thermoplastic resin and superior interface bonding. In addition, the thermoplastic composite had better enhancement effect on the mechanical/thermal properties of Ts resin compared to thermoplastic resin. When the mass ratio was increased to 2.0~3.0%, the agglomeration and stress concentration of thermoplastic filler in Ts resin appeared, leading to the decrease of mechanical and thermal properties. The optimal addition ratios of thermoplastic resin were 0.5~1.0% (PEEK), 1.0~2.0% (PA6) and 0.5~1.0% (PP) to obtain the desirable property improvement. In contrast, the optimal mass ratios of three kinds of composite were determined to be 0.5~1.0%. Application prospect analysis indicated adding the thermoplastic resin and composite fillers to Ts resin can promote the recycling and reutilization of thermoplastic composites and improve the performance of Ts resin, which can be used as the resin matrix, interface adhesive and anti-corrosion coating.
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Yusa SI. A New Year's Message 2022. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14030500. [PMID: 35160489 PMCID: PMC8839230 DOI: 10.3390/polym14030500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Ichi Yusa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Hyogo, Himeji 671-2280, Japan
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Fugolin AP, Pfeifer CS. Engineering a new generation of thermoset self-healing polymers based on intrinsic approaches. JADA FOUNDATIONAL SCIENCE 2022; 1:100014. [PMID: 36721425 PMCID: PMC9885846 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfscie.2022.100014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Objectives The development of thermosetting polymers with autonomic reparability has become an important research topic since it has the potential to benefit several fields such as biomaterials, tissue engineering, paint and coating technologies, electronics, and soft robotics. In dentistry, the development of restorative materials capable of inhibiting the propagation of microcracks caused by masticatory forces and thermal stress may represent a crucial expansion of the limited clinical lifespan of dental restorations, which is a pressing challenge. Biological systems have inspired the underlying concepts and designs of synthetic polymeric self-healing systems, and different strategies have been used to impart autonomous repair capability in polymers. In this review, the most relevant intrinsic strategies are categorized based on the reaction mechanisms. In general, these strategies rely on the incorporation of latent functionalities capable of undergoing reversible chemical bonds within the polymeric structure (chemically or compositionally tuned). Search Strategy The searches were conducted in the databases Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar and limited to articles that were written in English and published during the last ten years. A few additional articles were included by complementing the database searches with manual review of the reference lists. Overall Conclusions Although intrinsic approaches remain underexplored in dentistry, a wide variety of elegant chemistries with tremendous translational potential employed in other fields to promote autonomic repair are highlighted in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana P. Fugolin
- Division of Biomaterials and Biomechanics, Restorative Dentistry Department, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Carmem S. Pfeifer
- Division of Biomaterials and Biomechanics, Restorative Dentistry Department, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
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Rajappan SC, Davis BJ, Dishner IT, Thornell TL, Peyrefitte JJ, Simon YC. Reversible hetero-Diels–Alder amine hardener as drop-in replacement for healable epoxy coatings. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00917f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Replacing commercial hardeners with bio-sourced fatty acids linked by hetero Diels–Alder (HDA) motifs enabled epoxy-amine coatings with intrinsic self-healing properties. The HDA-based coatings demonstrate scratch healing at 95 °C within 15 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinu C. Rajappan
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, The University of Southern Mississippi, 118 College Dr. #5050, Hattiesburg, MS 39406, USA
| | - Brad J. Davis
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, The University of Southern Mississippi, 118 College Dr. #5050, Hattiesburg, MS 39406, USA
| | - Isaiah T. Dishner
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, The University of Southern Mississippi, 118 College Dr. #5050, Hattiesburg, MS 39406, USA
| | - Travis L. Thornell
- Environmental Laboratory, U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, 3909 Halls Ferry Road, Vicksburg, MS 39180, USA
| | - John J. Peyrefitte
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, The University of Southern Mississippi, 118 College Dr. #5050, Hattiesburg, MS 39406, USA
| | - Yoan C. Simon
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, The University of Southern Mississippi, 118 College Dr. #5050, Hattiesburg, MS 39406, USA
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18
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Unravelling the effect of healing conditions and vulcanizing additives on the healing performance of rubber networks. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.124399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Vegetable Oil-Based Resins Reinforced with Spruce Bark Powder and with Its Hydrochar Lignocellulosic Biomass. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app112210649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A bio-based polymeric matrix was developed by the copolymerization of a vegetable oil-based epoxy, epoxidized linseed oil (ELO), with dodecenyl succinic anhydride (DDSA). To obtain eco-friendly bio-composites, this matrix was combined with a natural filler: spruce bark powder (SB) with its hydrochar (HC) in various proportions ranged from 1 to 30 wt.%. The reactivities of these formulations were studied by DSC analysis that highlighted that both fillers have a high catalytic effect on the ELO–DDSA crosslinking reaction. The complementary studies by TGA, DMA, tensile tests, water absorption and Shore tests had shown that both HC and SB bring improvements to the mechanical properties of the composites, fulfilling multiple roles: (i) Both act as co-reactants in the copolymerization mechanism; (ii) HC acts as reinforcement, consolidating the network and providing stiffness and rigidity; and (iii) SB acts as plasticizer for reducing the brittle character of the epoxy resins.
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Swamy PK, Mylaraiah S, Gowdru Chandrashekarappa MP, Lakshmikanthan A, Pimenov DY, Giasin K, Krishna M. Corrosion Behaviour of High-Strength Al 7005 Alloy and Its Composites Reinforced with Industrial Waste-Based Fly Ash and Glass Fibre: Comparison of Stir Cast and Extrusion Conditions. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14143929. [PMID: 34300847 PMCID: PMC8307554 DOI: 10.3390/ma14143929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The stringent demand to develop lightweight materials with enhanced properties suitable for various engineering applications is the focus of this research work. Industrial wastes such as fly ash (FA) and S-glass-fibres (GF) were used as reinforcement materials for high-strength alloy, i.e., Al 7005. Stir casting routes were employed for fabricating the four samples, Al 7005, Al 7005 + 5% GF, Al 7005 + 6% FA and Al 7005 + 5% GF + 6% FA. The extrusion process with different extrusion ratios (ER: 5.32:1, and 2.66:1) was used to examine the properties of all four samples. Extruded samples with ER: 5.32: 1 resulted in equiaxed grains with refined structure compared to stir casting parts. The effect of the extrusion process and the addition of reinforcements (GF and FA) on the gravimetric, electrochemical, and electrochemical impedance corrosion behaviour of Al 7005 composites in 1M HCl (Hydrochloric acid) solution were investigated. The results of all three corrosion methods showed that Al 7005 + 6% FA exhibited higher corrosion resistance. Corrosion rate of Al 7005, Al 7005 + 5% GF, Al 7005 + 6% FA and Al 7005 + 5% GF + 6% FA is found equal to 3.25, 2.41, 0.34, and 0.76 mpy, respectively. The FA particles remain inert and act as a physical barrier with corrosive media during the corrosion test. GF undergoes fibre degradation or disrupts the continuity of the glass network as a result of fibre leaching, which increases the corrosion rate in the sample. The gravimetric study showed that the corrosion rates decreased with an increase in extrusion ratio, which might be due to corrosion passivation increases and improved properties. The scanning electron microscopy reveals that corrosion fits, flakes and micro-cracks were observed more in the as-cast composites than that of extrusion composites, promoting the corrosion rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Kumar Swamy
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University Visvesvaraya College of Engineering, Bengaluru 560056, India;
- Correspondence: (P.K.S.); (M.P.G.C.)
| | - Shantharaja Mylaraiah
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University Visvesvaraya College of Engineering, Bengaluru 560056, India;
| | - Manjunath Patel Gowdru Chandrashekarappa
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, PES Institute of Technology and Management, Shivamogga, Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi 590018, India
- Correspondence: (P.K.S.); (M.P.G.C.)
| | - Avinash Lakshmikanthan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Nitte Meenakshi Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi 590018, India;
| | - Danil Yurievich Pimenov
- Department of Automated Mechanical Engineering, South Ural State University, Lenin Prosp. 76, 454080 Chelyabinsk, Russia;
| | - Khaled Giasin
- School of Mechanical and Design Engineering, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 3DJ, UK;
| | - Munishamaiah Krishna
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, RV College of Engineering, Bengaluru 560059, India;
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