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Hamdy TM. Evaluation of compressive strength, microhardness and solubility of zinc-oxide eugenol cement reinforced with E-glass fibers. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:487. [PMID: 38658909 PMCID: PMC11040838 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04261-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zinc-oxide eugenol (ZOE) cements are among the most used temporary materials in dentistry. Although ZOE has advantages over other temporary fillers, its mechanical strength is weaker, so researchers are working to improve it. E-glass fibers have emerged as promising reinforcing fibers in recent years due to their strong mechanical behavior, adequate bonding, and acceptable aesthetics. OBJECTIVES To evaluate and compare the compressive strength, surface microhardness, and solubility of the ZOE and those reinforced with 10 wt.% E-glass fibers. METHODS A total of 60 ZEO specimens were prepared; 30 specimens were reinforced with 10 wt.% E-glass fibers, considered modified ZOE. The characterization of the E-glass fibers was performed by XRF, SEM, and PSD. The compressive strength, surface microhardness, and solubility were evaluated. Independent sample t-tests were used to statistically assess the data and compare mean values (P ≤ 0.05). RESULTS The results revealed that the modified ZOE showed a significantly higher mean value of compressive strength and surface microhardness while having a significantly lower mean value of solubility compared to unmodified ZOE (P ≤ 0.05). CONCLUSION The modified ZOE with 10 wt.% E-glass fibers had the opportunity to be used as permanent filling materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamer M Hamdy
- Restorative and Dental Materials Department, Oral and Dental Research Institute, National Research Centre (NRC), Giza, Dokki, 12622, Egypt.
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Erturk-Avunduk AT, Delikan E, Cengiz-Yanardag E, Karakaya I. Effect of whitening concepts on surface roughness and optical characteristics of resin-based composites: An AFM study. Microsc Res Tech 2024; 87:214-228. [PMID: 37724605 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of various whitening agents on the surface roughness and optical characteristics of different types of resin composite restorations. Fifty specimens were prepared for each resin [G-aenial Posterior (GP), SonicFill-2 (SF), Solidex (SDX), and Nova Compo HF (NC)]. Following baseline color and surface roughness (Ra) measurements, the specimens were randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 10/group) according to whitening concepts: control (distilled water), in-office bleaching [OB-(Opalescence Boost)], at-home bleaching [HB-(Opalescence PF)], whitening toothpaste [WT-(Signal White Now)], and whitening mouthwash [WM-(Listerine Advanced White)]. ∆E00 , ∆TP00 , and ∆WID values were calculated before and after the whitening procedure with a spectrophotometer using the CIEDE2000 formula. Surface roughness measurements were repeated. The surface topography was determined using atomic force microscopy. Two- and three-way analyses of variance and Tukey's post-hoc test were performed, with p < 0.05 regarded as indicative of significance. No significant differences were detected among the resin composite materials in terms of the ΔE00 values (p > 0.05). Color change of all resin materials was above the AT threshold (>1.8) and the PT threshold (>0.8). All restorative materials presented acceptable (AT<2.62) TP00 values. Solidex specimens demonstrated the lowest WID values compared to the other composites. There were significant differences among the whitening procedures with respect to ΔE00 , ΔTP00 , and WID values (p < 0.001). SF/WT combination showed the highest and clinically unacceptable ΔE00 values. The highest roughness values were observed in the SDX specimens and the combination of SDX/OB. The effect of whitening agents on the optical characteristics and surface roughness of restorative materials depends on the type of material, agent, and time. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Clinicians should be aware that long-term use of over-the-counter products due to the abrasive effects of their ingredients and repeated bleaching session applications may affect the color stability and surface roughness of resin composites.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ebru Delikan
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Nuh Naci Yazgan University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Esra Cengiz-Yanardag
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Izgen Karakaya
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, European University of Lefke, Mersin10, Turkey
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Abdelraouf RM, Moussa TA, Hamdy TM, Abuhaimed RA, Alotaibi AM, Jurado CA, Alhotan A, Alhelal B, Habib NA. Effect of Ceramic Thickness and Technician Variability on the Shade Duplication of Dental Ceramo-Metallic Restorations. J Funct Biomater 2023; 15:12. [PMID: 38248679 PMCID: PMC10816963 DOI: 10.3390/jfb15010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Ceramic thickness and technicians' manipulative variables are critical factors affecting the resultant shade of dental ceramo-metallic restorations. This study investigated the effect of the following variables on shade duplication of ceramo-metallic specimens: (a) ceramic thickness; (b) differences between several technicians (inter-technician variability); and (c) the ability of each technician to repeat the resultant shade (intra-technician variability). Ninety ceramo-metallic specimens were prepared and divided into three main groups (n = 30/gp) according to the different technicians who built up the veneering ceramic of the specimens. Each group was further subdivided into three subgroups (n = 10/subgroup) according to the thickness of the ceramic (1, 1.5, and 2 mm built over a 0.5 mm-thick metal substructure). Three different technicians were asked to follow the same protocol as regards the same ceramic batch (Shade 3M2, Vita VM13, Zahnfabrik, Germany), firing temperature, and number of firing cycles. Meanwhile, each technician followed his own protocol with regard to other ceramic manipulative variables. The duplicated shades of the specimens were investigated using the Vita Easyshade spectrophotometer by using the verify shade mode. Color difference (∆E) values were calculated between the target shade (3M2) and the duplicated shades of the specimens automatically by the Vita Easyshade spectrophotometer (Vita, Zahnfabrik, Germany). The effect of ceramic thickness and inter- and intra-technician variability on the duplication of the target shade was investigated. The results showed that the effect of ceramic thickness on the duplicated shades depended on inter-technician variability. High inter-technician variability (∆E = 2-6.4) was noticed in contrast to low intra-technician variability (∆E = 0.2-1.5). It could be concluded that proper shade-duplication of ceramo-metallic restoration was a cumulative technique intimately related to manipulative variables and ceramic thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha M. Abdelraouf
- Biomaterials Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo 11553, Egypt; (R.M.A.); (T.A.M.); (N.A.H.)
| | - Taheya A. Moussa
- Biomaterials Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo 11553, Egypt; (R.M.A.); (T.A.M.); (N.A.H.)
| | - Tamer M. Hamdy
- Restorative and Dental Materials Department, Oral and Dental Research Institute, National Research Centre (NRC), El Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt;
| | - Reem A. Abuhaimed
- Dental Interns, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, P.O. Box 60169, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia; (R.A.A.); (A.M.A.); (B.A.)
| | - Alanoud M. Alotaibi
- Dental Interns, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, P.O. Box 60169, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia; (R.A.A.); (A.M.A.); (B.A.)
| | - Carlos A. Jurado
- Department of Prosthodontics, University of Iowa College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
| | - Abdulaziz Alhotan
- Department of Dental Health, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bushra Alhelal
- Dental Interns, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, P.O. Box 60169, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia; (R.A.A.); (A.M.A.); (B.A.)
| | - Nour A. Habib
- Biomaterials Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo 11553, Egypt; (R.M.A.); (T.A.M.); (N.A.H.)
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Naguib G, Mously H, Magdy W, Binmahfooz A, Qutub O, Hajjaj M, Hamed MT. Color behavior of composite resin enhanced with different shapes of new antimicrobial polymer coated nanoparticles. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:771. [PMID: 37858112 PMCID: PMC10588037 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03495-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zein-coated magnesium oxide nanoparticles (zMgO NPs) demonstrate a potent antimicrobial effect, endorsing it as a compelling additive to dental materials formulations for oral health care advances. However, currently there is no data on the imprint of zMgO NPs on the color permanence of dental composites. The objective of this study is to evaluate the color stability of different types of composite enhanced with antimicrobial zein-coated magnesium oxide nanoparticles (zMgO NPs) of different shapes before and after thermocycling. METHODS Two hundred composite samples were divided into four groups: Gp1: Tetric N-Flow with zMgO nanowires, Gp2: Tetric N-Flow with zMgO nanospheres, Gp3: Tetric N-Ceram with zMgO nanowires; Gp4: Tetric N-Ceram with zMgO nanospheres. Each group was subdivided into 5 subgroups (n = 10) with concentrations of zMgO NPs 0%, 0.3%, 0.5%, 1% and 2%. The characterization of the modified composite containing the zMgO was done via X-ray Diffraction, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Colorimetric evaluation was performed through spectrophotometry with a white background. Samples underwent color assessment using a spectrophotometer, followed by thermocycling, and then another color assessment. RESULTS FESEM analysis showed a uniform distribution of the zMgO nanoparticles in the composite and FTIR illustrated no change in the spectra. However, the XRD spectra exhibited an amorphous pattern in the composite enhanced with zMgO NPs. There was no compelling discrepancy in color variation ΔE among the different groups before and after thermocycling (p > 0.05). A statistically notable variation in ΔL was found amid the control and N-Flow and N-Ceram with 2% zMgO nanospheres before and after thermocycling respectively (p < 0.05). While after thermocycling, there was a statistically significant difference in Δa in N-Flow and N-Ceram wires amid the control and the different groups (p < 0.05). Additionally, after thermocycling there was a statistically significant difference in Δb in N-Flow and N-Ceram wires between the control and the different groups (p < 0.05). The Tukey test exhibited no variation among the groups with different zMgO concentrations (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION Enhancing N-Flow and N-Ceram composite with antimicrobial zMgO nanowires and nanospheres did not alter the total color stability of the materials before and after thermocycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghada Naguib
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Oral Biology, Cairo University School of Dentistry, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hisham Mously
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Walaa Magdy
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulelah Binmahfooz
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama Qutub
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maher Hajjaj
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Tharwat Hamed
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, P.O Box 80209, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Cairo University School of Dentistry, Cairo, Egypt.
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Rata DM, Cadinoiu AN, Daraba OM, Gradinaru LM, Atanase LI, Ichim DL. Influence of ZnO Nanoparticles on the Properties of Ibuprofen-Loaded Alginate-Based Biocomposite Hydrogels with Potential Antimicrobial and Anti-Inflammatory Effects. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2240. [PMID: 37765209 PMCID: PMC10534553 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15092240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogels are a favorable alternative to accelerate the burn wound healing process and skin regeneration owing to their capability of absorbing contaminated exudates. The bacterial infections that occur in burn wounds might be treated using different topically applied materials, but bacterial resistance to antibiotics has become a major problem worldwide. Therefore, the use of non-antibiotic treatments represents a major interest in current research. In this study, new antibiocomposite hydrogels with anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties based on hyaluronic acid (HA) and sodium alginate (AG) were obtained using 4-(4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazinyl-2)-4-methylmorpholinium chloride as an activator. The combination of Ibuprofen, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug commonly used to reduce inflammation, fever and pain in the body, with zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) was used in this study aimed at creating a complex hydrogel with anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial action and capable of improving the healing process of wounds caused by burns. FTIR spectra confirmed the cross-linking of AG with HA as well as the successful incorporation of ZnO NPs. Using electronic microscopy, it was noticed that the morphology of hydrogels is influenced by the incorporation of ZnO nanoparticles. Moreover, the incorporation of ZnO nanoparticles into hydrogels also has an influence on the swelling behavior at both pH 7.4 and 5.4. In fact, the swelling rate is lower when the amounts of the activator, HA and ZnO NPs are high. A drug release rate of almost 100% was observed for hydrogels without ZnO NPs, whereas the addition of nanoparticles to hydrogels led to a decrease in the release rate to 68% during 24 h. Cellular viability tests demonstrated the non-cytotoxic behavior of the hydrogels without the ZnO NPs, whereas a weak to moderate cytotoxic effect was noticed for hydrogels with ZnO NPs. The hydrogels containing 4% and 5% ZnO NPs, respectively, showed good antimicrobial activity against the S. aureus strain. These preliminary data prove that these types of hydrogels can be of interest as biomaterials for the treatment of burn wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delia Mihaela Rata
- Faculty of Medical Dentistry, “Apollonia” University of Iasi, Pacurari Street, No. 11, 700511 Iasi, Romania; (D.M.R.); (L.I.A.); (D.L.I.)
| | - Anca Niculina Cadinoiu
- Faculty of Medical Dentistry, “Apollonia” University of Iasi, Pacurari Street, No. 11, 700511 Iasi, Romania; (D.M.R.); (L.I.A.); (D.L.I.)
| | - Oana Maria Daraba
- Faculty of Medical Dentistry, “Apollonia” University of Iasi, Pacurari Street, No. 11, 700511 Iasi, Romania; (D.M.R.); (L.I.A.); (D.L.I.)
| | - Luiza Madalina Gradinaru
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41A Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Leonard Ionut Atanase
- Faculty of Medical Dentistry, “Apollonia” University of Iasi, Pacurari Street, No. 11, 700511 Iasi, Romania; (D.M.R.); (L.I.A.); (D.L.I.)
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, 050045 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Daniela Luminita Ichim
- Faculty of Medical Dentistry, “Apollonia” University of Iasi, Pacurari Street, No. 11, 700511 Iasi, Romania; (D.M.R.); (L.I.A.); (D.L.I.)
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Hamdy TM, Alkabani YM, Ismail AG, Galal MM. Impact of endodontic irrigants on surface roughness of various nickel-titanium rotary endodontic instruments. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:517. [PMID: 37488612 PMCID: PMC10367373 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03227-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the current study is to assess the surface roughness of several recent nickel-titanium (Ni-Ti) rotary endodontic instruments, namely: Protaper next (PTN); Hyflex CM (CM); Hyflex EDM (EDM); WaveOne gold (WOG); and trunatomy (TN), before and after application of 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) irrigant solution. METHODS In this in vitro study, five recently introduced rotary endodontic instruments of different metallurgical properties and designs were subjected to Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) analysis, and then each file was rotated in 5.25% NaOCl for 15 min., with speed and torque according to manufacturer's instructions. The instruments were then subjected to AFM analysis again. The surface roughness average (Sa) parameter was calculated. Data were analyzed by Paired T test, One-way ANOVA and Tukey tests. RESULTS There was a statistically significant decrease in the surface roughness of all rotary endodontic instruments after immersion in irrigants (P ≤ 0.05). CONCLUSION The new TN and PTN instruments showed the least surface roughness. All tested Ni-Ti rotary endodontic instruments after irrigants exposure showed a varying increase in surface roughness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamer M Hamdy
- Restorative and Dental Materials Department, Oral and Dental Research Institute, National Research Centre (NRC), Giza, Dokki, 12622, Egypt.
| | - Yasmine Mohsen Alkabani
- Restorative and Dental Materials Department, Oral and Dental Research Institute, National Research Centre (NRC), Giza, Dokki, 12622, Egypt
| | - Amira Galal Ismail
- Restorative and Dental Materials Department, Oral and Dental Research Institute, National Research Centre (NRC), Giza, Dokki, 12622, Egypt
| | - Manar M Galal
- Restorative and Dental Materials Department, Oral and Dental Research Institute, National Research Centre (NRC), Giza, Dokki, 12622, Egypt
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Alhotan A, Abdelraouf RM, Alhijji S, De Vera MAT, Sufyan A, Matinlinna JP, Hamdy TM. Colour Parameters and Changes of Tea-Stained Resin Composite Exposed to Whitening Pen (In Vitro Study). Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3068. [PMID: 37514457 PMCID: PMC10383341 DOI: 10.3390/polym15143068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the crucial factors influencing the longevity of anterior aesthetic dental restorations is the colour stability of resin composites. Bleaching and whitening have become popular methods for enhancing dental aesthetics. Home whitening techniques, such as special pens, are widely available commercially. This in vitro study aimed to determine the efficiency of a whitening pen in removing tea stains from resin composite by measuring colour differences (ΔE00). Additionally, the study aimed to evaluate the variations in colour parameters measured by extra-oral and intra-oral spectrophotometers. METHODS A total of 45 disc-shaped resin composite specimens were randomly divided into three groups; Group 1: stored in artificial saliva (control), Group 2: stored in artificial saliva followed by a whitening pen application, and Group 3: stored in tea followed by a whitening pen application. Colour measurements were taken three times for each specimen using two spectrophotometers (extra-oral and intra-oral devices); T1: before storage (baseline), T2: after storage in artificial saliva or tea for 6 days; and T3: after one week of whitening pen application in groups 2 and 3. The data were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by the Tukey post hoc test (p ≤ 0.05). The independent sample t-test was also employed. The equation of CIEDE2000 (ΔE00) was used to calculate the colour difference between the dry, as-prepared specimens (baseline), and those after storage or bleaching. The colour changes exceeding the acceptability threshold (∆E00 = 1.8) were considered unacceptable. RESULTS After whitening, the colour of the specimens stored in brewed tea (Group 3) remained unacceptable, as indicated by both the extra-oral and intra-oral spectrophotometers (ΔE00 = 4 and 2.9, respectively). Groups 1 and 2 exhibited lower ΔE00 values than Group 3 (p = 0.01 *). No significant difference was observed between Group 1 (stored in artificial saliva) and Group 2 (stored in artificial saliva and then bleached) (p = 0.3). Significant differences were consistently observed between the data obtained from the extra-oral spectrophotometer and the intra-oral one. CONCLUSIONS The whitening pen proved ineffective in removing tea stains from resin composites. Although significant differences were found between the values obtained by the two spectrophotometers (extra-oral and intra-oral), both devices confirmed the unacceptable colour of the tea-stained resin composites after whitening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulaziz Alhotan
- Department of Dental Health, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rasha M Abdelraouf
- Biomaterials Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo 11553, Egypt
| | - Saleh Alhijji
- Department of Dental Health, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Aref Sufyan
- College of Dentistry, King Saud University, P.O. Box 60169, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jukka P Matinlinna
- Division of Dentistry, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Tamer M Hamdy
- Restorative and Dental Materials Department, Oral and Dental Research Institute, National Research Centre (NRC), El Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
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