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Kongkaew S, Thipwimonmas Y, Hayeeabu M, Limbut W. Fabrication of a 96-electrode array using carbon dioxide laser ablation. Talanta 2024; 274:125912. [PMID: 38547843 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.125912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
The 96 laser-induced multigraphene electrode (96L-MGE) integrated microwell plate (96 L-MGE-MP) is described. Each cell includes separate working, auxiliary, and reference electrodes, and the array sits on a poly-methyl methacrylate (PMMA) well. The 96 electrochemical cells were fabricated by laser ablation of polyimide adhesive tape, which created laser-induced graphene electrodes (L-GE). The microwell was produced using laser ablation of the PMMA sheet as well. The morphology and electrochemical characterization of L-GE were controlled by tuning the laser processing. L-GE fabricated at laser power-laser speed ratios of 0.008-0.02 W s mm-1displayed good electrochemical behaviors. Under the optimal condition of L-GE fabrication, the measured L-GE surface roughness was 475.47 nm. The 96 L-MGE can be fabricated in 24.2 min and is compatible with various analytes. 10 benchmark redox compounds were shown as electrocatalytic examples. The performance of each analyte was investigated by voltammetry. As proof of concept, 96 L-MGE-MP was connected to a 96× connector for multichannel detection. The RSD of the 96 L-MGE-MPwas below 5.3%, which demonstrated good fabrication reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supatinee Kongkaew
- Center of Excellence for Trace Analysis and Biosensor, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Forensic Science Innovation and Service Center, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Division of Health and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Yudtapum Thipwimonmas
- Forensic Science Innovation and Service Center, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Division of Health and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Mareeyam Hayeeabu
- Forensic Science Innovation and Service Center, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Division of Health and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Warakorn Limbut
- Center of Excellence for Trace Analysis and Biosensor, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Forensic Science Innovation and Service Center, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Division of Health and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand.
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Guo Z, Zhou S, Li J, Guo X, Cui J, Wu D. Development of a paper-based microanalysis device doped with multi-walled carbon nanotubes for in vitro evaluation of fluorene cytotoxicity. Bioelectrochemistry 2020; 135:107552. [PMID: 32526678 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2020.107552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Developing a cost-effective and simple micro-analysis tool has long been an important objective in the toxicological detection of fluorene. In this study, a disposable paper-based micro-analysis device (μ-PAD) was designed using graphite doped with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) to hand draw the electrode (MWCNTs/μ-PAD). We investigated the feasibility of the designed MWCNTs/μ-PAD as a cell-sensing platform using voltammetry measurements. Its application for evaluating the cytotoxicity of fluorene was studied based on the electrochemical determination of human breast cancer cells induced by fluorene. The results showed a dose-dependent toxicity effect of fluorene on cellular activity. The measurements were comparable with those obtained using a methyl-thiazolyl-tetrazolium assay. The detection limit of the MWCNTs/μ-PAD for human breast cancer cells was as low as 4.00 × 103 cells·mL-1 owing to the enhanced catalytic activity of the MWCNTs. Notably, the MWCNTs/μ-PAD-which had a diameter of 7.00 mm-allowed a sampling volume of 10.0 μL, which is 50.0 times less than the sampling volume required with a conventional electrode (500 μL). Advantages such as the simplicity of manufacture, low consumption, low cost, rapid detection, and disposability, suggest that the MWCNTs/μ-PAD could provide new opportunities and directions for in vitro microanalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengcai Guo
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Evaluation of the Efficacy of Toxicology, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Shi Zhou
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Evaluation of the Efficacy of Toxicology, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jinlian Li
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Evaluation of the Efficacy of Toxicology, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xiaoling Guo
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Evaluation of the Efficacy of Toxicology, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Jiwen Cui
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Evaluation of the Efficacy of Toxicology, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Dongmei Wu
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Evaluation of the Efficacy of Toxicology, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, Heilongjiang, China.
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El-Said WA, Yoon J, Choi JW. Nanostructured surfaces for analysis of anticancer drug and cell diagnosis based on electrochemical and SERS tools. NANO CONVERGENCE 2018; 5:11. [PMID: 29721403 PMCID: PMC5913382 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-018-0143-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Discovering new anticancer drugs and screening their efficacy requires a huge amount of resources and time-consuming processes. The development of fast, sensitive, and nondestructive methods for the in vitro and in vivo detection of anticancer drugs' effects and action mechanisms have been done to reduce the time and resources required to discover new anticancer drugs. For the in vitro and in vivo detection of the efficiency, distribution, and action mechanism of anticancer drugs, the applications of electrochemical techniques such as electrochemical cell chips and optical techniques such as surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) have been developed based on the nanostructured surface. Research focused on electrochemical cell chips and the SERS technique have been reviewed here; electrochemical cell chips based on nanostructured surfaces have been developed for the in vitro detection of cell viability and the evaluation of the effects of anticancer drugs, which showed the high capability to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of several chemicals at low concentrations. SERS technique based on the nanostructured surface have been used as label-free, simple, and nondestructive techniques for the in vitro and in vivo monitoring of the distribution, mechanism, and metabolism of different anticancer drugs at the cellular level. The use of electrochemical cell chips and the SERS technique based on the nanostructured surface should be good tools to detect the effects and action mechanisms of anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleed A. El-Said
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-Ro, Mapo-Gu, Seoul, 04375 Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, 71516 Egypt
| | - Jinho Yoon
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-Ro, Mapo-Gu, Seoul, 04375 Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Woo Choi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-Ro, Mapo-Gu, Seoul, 04375 Republic of Korea
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Pemberton RM, Cox T, Tuffin R, Drago GA, Griffiths J, Pittson R, Johnson G, Xu J, Sage IC, Davies R, Jackson SK, Kenna G, Luxton R, Hart JP. Fabrication and evaluation of a micro(bio)sensor array chip for multiple parallel measurements of important cell biomarkers. SENSORS 2014; 14:20519-32. [PMID: 25360580 PMCID: PMC4279497 DOI: 10.3390/s141120519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Revised: 09/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
This report describes the design and development of an integrated electrochemical cell culture monitoring system, based on enzyme-biosensors and chemical sensors, for monitoring indicators of mammalian cell metabolic status. MEMS technology was used to fabricate a microwell-format silicon platform including a thermometer, onto which chemical sensors (pH, O2) and screen-printed biosensors (glucose, lactate), were grafted/deposited. Microwells were formed over the fabricated sensors to give 5-well sensor strips which were interfaced with a multipotentiostat via a bespoke connector box interface. The operation of each sensor/biosensor type was examined individually, and examples of operating devices in five microwells in parallel, in either potentiometric (pH sensing) or amperometric (glucose biosensing) mode are shown. The performance characteristics of the sensors/biosensors indicate that the system could readily be applied to cell culture/toxicity studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy M Pemberton
- Centre for Research in Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol, BS16 1QY, UK.
| | - Timothy Cox
- QinetiQ Ltd., Malvern Technology Centre, Malvern, WR14 3PS, UK.
| | - Rachel Tuffin
- QinetiQ Ltd., Malvern Technology Centre, Malvern, WR14 3PS, UK.
| | - Guido A Drago
- Applied Enzyme Technology Ltd., Monmouth House, Mamhilad Park, Pontypool NP4 OHZ, UK.
| | - John Griffiths
- Uniscan Instruments Ltd., Sigma House, Burlow Rd., Buxton, Derbyshire SK17 9JB, UK.
| | - Robin Pittson
- Gwent Electronic Materials Ltd., Monmouth House, Mamhilad Park, Pontypool NP4 OHZ, UK.
| | - Graham Johnson
- Uniscan Instruments Ltd., Sigma House, Burlow Rd., Buxton, Derbyshire SK17 9JB, UK.
| | - Jinsheng Xu
- Centre for Research in Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol, BS16 1QY, UK.
| | - Ian C Sage
- QinetiQ Ltd., Malvern Technology Centre, Malvern, WR14 3PS, UK.
| | - Rhodri Davies
- QinetiQ Ltd., Malvern Technology Centre, Malvern, WR14 3PS, UK.
| | - Simon K Jackson
- Centre for Research in Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol, BS16 1QY, UK.
| | - Gerry Kenna
- AstraZeneca R&D, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, SK10 4TF, UK.
| | - Richard Luxton
- Institute of Biosensing Technology, University of the West of England, Bristol, BS16 1QY, UK.
| | - John P Hart
- Centre for Research in Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol, BS16 1QY, UK.
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O'Hara T, Seddon B, McClean S, Dempsey E. TOXOR: Design and Application of an Electrochemical Toxicity Biosensor for Environmental Monitoring. ELECTROANAL 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201400433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Ona T, Shibata J. Advanced dynamic monitoring of cellular status using label-free and non-invasive cell-based sensing technology for the prediction of anticancer drug efficacy. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 398:2505-33. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-4223-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2010] [Revised: 08/24/2010] [Accepted: 09/13/2010] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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