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Thakur M, Sharma P, Anand A, Pandita VK, Bhatia A, Pushkar S. Raffinose and Hexose Sugar Content During Germination Are Related to Infrared Thermal Fingerprints of Primed Onion ( Allium cepa L.) Seeds. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:579037. [PMID: 33123184 PMCID: PMC7573357 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.579037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Priming is used to increase vigor, germination synchronization, seedling growth, and field establishment by advancing metabolic processes within seeds. Seed respiration is a good indicator of the metabolic processes that lead to transition toward germination. Onion seeds (cv. Pusa Ridhi) subjected to osmopriming (-1.5 MPa PEG6000 for 7 days), magnetopriming (100 mT for 30 min) and halopriming (150 mM KNO3 for 6 days), were evaluated at different times of imbibition to study the emergence index and respiration indices such as infrared thermal fingerprint, CO2 evolution rate, cytochrome c oxidase activity, and soluble sugars profile. Haloprimed seeds exhibited 42.5% higher emergence index as compared to unprimed control. Primed and unprimed seeds showed negative values for relative temperature (ΔT) (difference in temperature of seed and its immediate environment). Haloprimed seeds had the lowest values (-4.1 to -2.3°C) compared to other priming treatments over the germination period. Soluble sugars like raffinose, sucrose, glucose, and fructose contents were monitored and it was observed that en masse raffinose, glucose, and fructose levels were (17.5-59.9%) lower in haloprimed seeds over control. A positive correlation (r 2 = 0.504∗∗) was derived between the amount of these sugars and ΔT. Seed respiration, measured as CO2 evolution rate was more for haloprimed seeds that indicated that these soluble sugars were used as respiratory substrates. Significantly higher cytochrome c oxidase activity (40.7-89.8% and 12.5-66.6%) was observed in all primed seeds at 28 and 36 h, respectively. Among the various seed priming methods, halopriming proved to be the most effective priming treatment in onion seeds as evidenced by the higher respiration indices that resulted in faster metabolic rate and emergence index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Thakur
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Poornima Sharma
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Anjali Anand
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Arti Bhatia
- Centre for Environment Science and Climate Resilient Agriculture, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Suchitra Pushkar
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
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Liu L, Wang Z, Li J, Zhang X, Wang R. A Non-Invasive Analysis of Seed Vigor by Infrared Thermography. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:plants9060768. [PMID: 32575514 PMCID: PMC7356526 DOI: 10.3390/plants9060768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This paper establishes robust regression models for fast and efficient estimation of seed vigor based on high-resolution infrared thermography. High seed quality is of great significance for agricultural and silvicultural purposes, and seed vigor is a crucial agent of seed quality. In this study, we used the non-invasive technology of infrared thermal imaging to analyze seed vigor of Ulmus pumila L. and Oryza sativa L. Temperatures of young age and aged seeds during thermal decay were monitored over time. We found that the thermal decay dynamics of U. pumila seeds were highly differential among seeds with differential vigor. Furthermore, a regression model was developed to estimate seed vigor based on its thermal decay dynamics. Similarly, a close relationship was also found between thermal decay processes and seed vigor in O. sativa. These results suggest that infrared thermography can be widely applied in non-invasive examination of seed vigor and allows fast and efficient seed screening for agricultural and silvicultural purposes in the future.
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ElMasry G, ElGamal R, Mandour N, Gou P, Al-Rejaie S, Belin E, Rousseau D. Emerging thermal imaging techniques for seed quality evaluation: Principles and applications. Food Res Int 2020; 131:109025. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Fernández-Marín B, Buchner O, Kastberger G, Piombino F, García-Plazaola JI, Kranner I. Non-invasive diagnosis of viability in seeds and lichens by infrared thermography under controlled environmental conditions. PLANT METHODS 2019; 15:147. [PMID: 31827579 PMCID: PMC6894116 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-019-0531-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-invasive procedures for the diagnosis of viability of plant or fungal tissues would be valuable for scientific, industrial and biomonitoring purposes. Previous studies showed that infrared thermography (IRT) enables non-invasive assessment of the viability of individual "orthodox" (i.e. desiccation tolerant) seeds upon water uptake. However, this method was not tested for rehydrating tissues of other desiccation tolerant life forms. Furthermore, evaporative cooling could obscure the effects of metabolic processes that contribute to heating and cooling, but its effects on the shape of the "thermal fingerprints" have not been explored. Here, we further adapted this method using a purpose-built chamber to control relative humidity (RH) and gaseous atmosphere. This enabled us to test (i) the influence of relative humidity on the thermal fingerprints during the imbibition of Pisum sativum (Garden pea) seeds, (ii) whether thermal fingerprints can be correlated with viability in lichens, and (iii) to assess the potential influence of aerobic metabolism on thermal fingerprints by controlling the oxygen concentration in the gaseous atmosphere around the samples. Finally, we developed a method to artificially "age" lichens and validated the IRT-based method to assess lichen viability in three lichen species. RESULTS Using either 30% or 100% RH during imbibition of pea seeds, we showed that "live" and "dead" seeds produced clearly discernible "thermal fingerprints", which significantly differed by > |0.15| °C in defined time windows, and that RH affected the shape of these thermal fingerprints. We demonstrated that IRT can also be used to assess the viability of the lichens Lobaria pulmonaria, Pseudevernia furfuracea and Peltigera leucophlebia. No clear relationship between aerobic metabolism and the shape of thermal fingerprints was found. CONCLUSIONS Infrared thermography appears to be a promising method for the diagnosis of viability of desiccation-tolerant tissues at early stages of water uptake. For seeds, it is possible to diagnose viability within the first hours of rehydration, after which time they can still be re-dried and stored until further use. We envisage our work as a baseline study for the use of IR imaging techniques to investigate physiological heterogeneity of desiccation tolerant life forms such as lichens, which can be used for biomonitoring, and for sorting live and dead seeds, which is potentially useful for the seed trade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Fernández-Marín
- Department of Botany and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Box. 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
- Department of Botany, Ecology and Plant Physiology, University of La Laguna, 38200 Tenerife, Spain
| | - Othmar Buchner
- Department of Botany and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gerald Kastberger
- Zoology Section, Institute of Biology, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Federica Piombino
- Department of Botany and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - José Ignacio García-Plazaola
- Department of Botany and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Box. 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Ilse Kranner
- Department of Botany and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Pandey R, Teig-Sussholz O, Schuster S, Avni A, Shacham-Diamand Y. Integrated electrochemical Chip-on-Plant functional sensor for monitoring gene expression under stress. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 117:493-500. [PMID: 29982119 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/23/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The ability to interact with plants, both to sense and to actuate, would open new opportunities for precision agriculture. These interactions can be achieved by using the plant as part of the sensing system. The present work demonstrates real-time monitoring of β-glucuronidase (GUS) expression in transgenic tobacco plants using its activity as a biomarker for functional sensing. As "proof of concept", we demonstrated GUS enzyme biosensing under constitutive expression in Msk8 tomato cells and transgenic tobacco plants and in heat shock inducible BY2 tobacco cells and tobacco plants. The sensing was done using a three-electrode microchip in Msk8 or BY2 cell culture or in tobacco plant leaves. The electrode microchip was used to transduce the expression of the GUS enzyme by chronoamperometry to a measurable electrical current signal. For the constitutive expression of GUS in Msk8 cells, the system sensitivity was 0.076 mA/mM-cm2 and the limit of detection was 0.1 mM. For the heat shock inducible BY2 cells the GUS enzyme activity was detected 12-26 h after the heat shock was applied (40 °C for 2 h) using two different substrates: p-nitrophenyl-β-glucuronide (with sensitivity of 0.051 mA/mM-cm2) and phenolphthalein-β-glucuronide (with sensitivity of 0.029 mA/mM-cm2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Pandey
- Department of Physical Electronics, School of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel.
| | - Orian Teig-Sussholz
- Department of Molecular Biology and Ecology of Plants, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Silvia Schuster
- Department of Molecular Biology and Ecology of Plants, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Adi Avni
- Department of Molecular Biology and Ecology of Plants, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Yosi Shacham-Diamand
- Department of Physical Electronics, School of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
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Single-Kernel FT-NIR Spectroscopy for Detecting Supersweet Corn (Zea mays L. Saccharata Sturt) Seed Viability with Multivariate Data Analysis. SENSORS 2018; 18:s18041010. [PMID: 29597324 PMCID: PMC5948831 DOI: 10.3390/s18041010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The viability and vigor of crop seeds are crucial indicators for evaluating seed quality, and high-quality seeds can increase agricultural yield. The conventional methods for assessing seed viability are time consuming, destructive, and labor intensive. Therefore, a rapid and nondestructive technique for testing seed viability has great potential benefits for agriculture. In this study, single-kernel Fourier transform near-infrared (FT-NIR) spectroscopy with a wavelength range of 1000-2500 nm was used to distinguish viable and nonviable supersweet corn seeds. Various preprocessing algorithms coupled with partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) were implemented to test the performance of classification models. The FT-NIR spectroscopy technique successfully differentiated viable seeds from seeds that were nonviable due to overheating or artificial aging. Correct classification rates for both heat-damaged kernels and artificially aged kernels reached 98.0%. The comprehensive model could also attain an accuracy of 98.7% when combining heat-damaged samples and artificially aged samples into one category. Overall, the FT-NIR technique with multivariate data analysis methods showed great potential capacity in rapidly and nondestructively detecting seed viability in supersweet corn.
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Men S, Yan L, Liu J, Qian H, Luo Q. A Classification Method for Seed Viability Assessment with Infrared Thermography. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2017; 17:E845. [PMID: 28417907 PMCID: PMC5424722 DOI: 10.3390/s17040845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents a viability assessment method for Pisum sativum L. seeds based on the infrared thermography technique. In this work, different artificial treatments were conducted to prepare seeds samples with different viability. Thermal images and visible images were recorded every five minutes during the standard five day germination test. After the test, the root length of each sample was measured, which can be used as the viability index of that seed. Each individual seed area in the visible images was segmented with an edge detection method, and the average temperature of the corresponding area in the infrared images was calculated as the representative temperature for this seed at that time. The temperature curve of each seed during germination was plotted. Thirteen characteristic parameters extracted from the temperature curve were analyzed to show the difference of the temperature fluctuations between the seeds samples with different viability. With above parameters, support vector machine (SVM) was used to classify the seed samples into three categories: viable, aged and dead according to the root length, the classification accuracy rate was 95%. On this basis, with the temperature data of only the first three hours during the germination, another SVM model was proposed to classify the seed samples, and the accuracy rate was about 91.67%. From these experimental results, it can be seen that infrared thermography can be applied for the prediction of seed viability, based on the SVM algorithm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Men
- School of Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Lei Yan
- School of Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Jiaxin Liu
- School of Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Hua Qian
- School of Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Qinjuan Luo
- School of Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
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Rolletschek H, Fuchs J, Friedel S, Börner A, Todt H, Jakob PM, Borisjuk L. A novel noninvasive procedure for high-throughput screening of major seed traits. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2015; 13:188-199. [PMID: 25201084 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Revised: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/27/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The large numbers of samples processed in breeding and biodiversity programmes require the development of efficient methods for the nondestructive evaluation of basic seed properties. Near-infrared spectroscopy is the state-of-the-art solution for this analytical demand, but it also has some limitations. Here, we present a novel, rapid, accurate procedure based on time domain-nuclear magnetic resonance (TD-NMR), designed to simultaneously quantify a number of basic seed traits without any seed destruction. Using a low-field, benchtop (1) H-NMR instrument, the procedure gives a high-accuracy measurement of oil content (R(2) = 0.98), carbohydrate content (R(2) = 0.99), water content (R(2) = 0.98) and both fresh and dry weight of seeds/grains (R(2) = 0.99). The method requires a minimum of ~20 mg biomass per sample and thus enables to screen individual, intact seeds. When combined with an automated sample delivery system, a throughput of ~1400 samples per day is achievable. The procedure has been trialled as a proof of concept on cereal grains (collection of ~3000 accessions of Avena spp. curated at the IPK genebank). A mathematical multitrait selection approach has been designed to simplify the selection of outlying (most contrasting) accessions. To provide deeper insights into storage oil topology, some oat accessions were further analysed by three-dimensional seed modelling and lipid imaging. We conclude that the novel TD-NMR-based screening tool opens perspectives for breeding and plant biology in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hardy Rolletschek
- Leibniz-Institut für Pflanzengenetik und Kulturpflanzenforschung (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany
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Pajares G, Peruzzi A, Gonzalez-de-Santos P. Sensors in agriculture and forestry. SENSORS 2013; 13:12132-9. [PMID: 24025558 PMCID: PMC3821358 DOI: 10.3390/s130912132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Pajares
- Department of Software Engineering and Artificial Intelligence, Faculty of Informatics, University Complutense of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +34-1-394-7546; Fax: +34-1-394-7547
| | - Andrea Peruzzi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via S. Michele degli Scalzi 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +39-050-221-8942; Fax: +39-050-221-8966
| | - Pablo Gonzalez-de-Santos
- Centre for Automation and Robotics (UPM-CSIC), Arganda del Rey 28500, Madrid, Spain; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +34-1-871-1900; Fax: +34-1-871-7050
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