1
|
Stefanello R, Puntel RT, da Silva Garcia WJ, Strazzabosco Dorneles L. Mitigating salt stress by conditioning seeds with ultraviolet light (UV-C) in white oats ( Avena sativa L.). J Toxicol Environ Health A 2024; 87:533-540. [PMID: 38660981 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2024.2345878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Seed conditioning with ultraviolet light (UV-C) might (1) improve crop yield and quality, (2) reduce the use of agrochemicals during cultivation, and (3) increase plant survival in high salinity environments. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of UV-C conditioning of white oat seeds at two doses (0.85 and 3.42 kJ m-2) under salinity stress (100 mM NaCl). Seeds were sown on germination paper and kept in a germination chamber at 20°C. Germination and seedling growth parameters were evaluated after 5 and 10 days. Data demonstrated that excess salt reduced germination and initial growth of white oat seedlings. In all the variables analyzed, exposure of seeds to UV-C under salt stress exerted a positive effect compared to non-irradiated control. The attenuating influence of UV-C in germination was greater at 0.85 than at 3.42 kJ m-2. Thus, data indicate that conditioning white oat seeds in UV-C light produced greater tolerance to salt stress. These findings suggest that UV-C conditioning of white oat seeds may be considered as a simple and economical strategy to alleviate salt-induced stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Stefanello
- Department of Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Raissa Tainá Puntel
- Graduate of Agronomy, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | | | - Lucio Strazzabosco Dorneles
- Laboratory of Nanostructured Magnetic Materials, Department of Physics, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mehtab-Singh, Tripathi RK, Bekele WA, Tinker NA, Singh J. Differential expression and global analysis of miR156/SQUAMOSA promoter binding-like proteins (SPL) module in oat. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9928. [PMID: 38688976 PMCID: PMC11061197 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60739-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
SQUAMOSA promoter binding-like proteins (SPLs) are important transcription factors that influence growth phase transition and reproduction in plants. SPLs are targeted by miR156 but the SPL/miR156 module is completely unknown in oat. We identified 28 oat SPL genes (AsSPLs) distributed across all 21 oat chromosomes except for 4C and 6D. The oat- SPL gene family represented six of eight SPL phylogenetic groups, with no AsSPLs in groups 3 and 7. A novel oat miR156 (AsmiR156) family with 21 precursors divided into 7 groups was characterized. A total of 16 AsSPLs were found to be targeted by AsmiR156. Intriguingly, AsSPL3s showed high transcript abundance during early inflorescence (GS-54), as compared to the lower abundance of AsmiR156, indicating their role in reproductive development. Unravelling the SPL/miR156 regulatory hub and alterations in expression patterns of AsSPLs could provide an essential toolbox for genetic improvement in the cultivated oat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehtab-Singh
- Plant Science Department, McGill University, 21111 Rue Lakeshore, Montreal, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Rajiv K Tripathi
- Plant Science Department, McGill University, 21111 Rue Lakeshore, Montreal, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Wubishet A Bekele
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Nicholas A Tinker
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Jaswinder Singh
- Plant Science Department, McGill University, 21111 Rue Lakeshore, Montreal, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liu L, Liang G, Liu W, Ju Z. Variation and interrelationships in the growth, yield, and lodging of oat under different planting densities. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17310. [PMID: 38699188 PMCID: PMC11064862 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Oat is a dual-purpose cereal used for grain and forage. The demand of oat has been increasing as the understanding of the nutritional, ecological, and economic values of oat increased. However, the frequent lodging during the growing period severely affect the high yielding potential and the quality of the grain and forage of oat. Methods Therefore, we used the lodging-resistant variety LENA and the lodging-sensitive variety QY2 as materials, implementing four different planting densities: 2.25×106 plants/ha (D1), 4.5×106 plants/ha (D2), 6.75×106 plants/ha (D3), and 9×106 plants/ha (D4). At the appropriate growth and development stages, we assessed agronomic traits, mechanical characteristics, biochemical compositions, yield and its components. The study investigated the impact of planting density on the growth, lodging, and yield of oat, as well as their interrelationships. Additionally, we identified the optimal planting density to establish a robust crop structure. The research aims to contribute to the high-yield and high-quality cultivation of oat. Results We observed that with increasing planting density, plant height, grass and grain yields of both varieties first increased and then decreased; root fresh weight, stem diameter, stem wall thickness, stem puncture strength, breaking strength, compressive strength, lignin and crude fiber contents, and yield components decreased; whereas the lodging rate and lodging coefficient increased. Planting density affects lodging by regulating plant height, height of center of gravity, stem wall thickness, internode length, and root fresh weight of oat. Additionally, it can impact stem mechanical strength by modulating the synthesis of lignin and crude fiber, which in turn affecting lodging resistance. Plant height, height of center of gravity, stem wall thickness, internode length, root fresh weight, breaking strength, compressive strength, lignin and crude fiber content, single-plant weight, grain yield and 1,000-grain weight can serve as important indicators for evaluating oat stem lodging resistance. We also noted that planting density affected grain yield both directly and indirectly (by affecting lodging); high density increased lodging rate and decreased grain yield, mainly by reducing 1,000-grain weight. Nonetheless, there was no significant relationship between lodging and grass yield. As appropriate planting density can increase the yield while maintaining good lodging resistance, in this study, 4.5×106 plants/ha (D2) was found to be the best planting density for oat in terms of lodging resistance and grass and grain yield. These findings can be used as a reference for oat planting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Liu
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Qinghai University, Key Laboratory for Utilization of Superior Forage Germplasm Resources in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Qinghai Province, Xining, Qinghai, China
- Laboratory for Research and Utilization of Qinghai Tibet Plateau Germplasm Resources, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Guoling Liang
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Qinghai University, Key Laboratory for Utilization of Superior Forage Germplasm Resources in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Qinghai Province, Xining, Qinghai, China
- Laboratory for Research and Utilization of Qinghai Tibet Plateau Germplasm Resources, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Wenhui Liu
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Qinghai University, Key Laboratory for Utilization of Superior Forage Germplasm Resources in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Qinghai Province, Xining, Qinghai, China
- Laboratory for Research and Utilization of Qinghai Tibet Plateau Germplasm Resources, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Zeliang Ju
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Qinghai University, Key Laboratory for Utilization of Superior Forage Germplasm Resources in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Qinghai Province, Xining, Qinghai, China
- Laboratory for Research and Utilization of Qinghai Tibet Plateau Germplasm Resources, Xining, Qinghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhou P, Liu Y, Yang M, Yan H. Genome-Wide Association Study Uncovers Genomic Regions Associated with Coleoptile Length in a Worldwide Collection of Oat. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:411. [PMID: 38674348 PMCID: PMC11049438 DOI: 10.3390/genes15040411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The length of coleoptile is crucial for determining the sowing depth of oats in low-precipitation regions, which is significant for oat breeding programs. In this study, a diverse panel of 243 oat accessions was used to explore coleoptile length in two independent experiments. The panel exhibited significant variation in coleoptile length, ranging from 4.66 to 8.76 cm. Accessions from Africa, America, and the Mediterranean region displayed longer coleoptile lengths than those from Asia and Europe. Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) using 26,196 SNPs identified 34 SNPs, representing 32 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) significantly associated with coleoptile length. Among these QTLs, six were consistently detected in both experiments, explaining 6.43% to 10.07% of the phenotypic variation. The favorable alleles at these stable loci additively increased coleoptile length, offering insights for pyramid breeding. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis of the 350 candidate genes underlying the six stable QTLs revealed significant enrichment in cell development-related processes. Several phytochrome-related genes, including auxin transporter-like protein 1 and cytochrome P450 proteins, were found within these QTLs. Further validation of these loci will enhance our understanding of coleoptile length regulation. This study provides new insights into the genetic architecture of coleoptile length in oats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Honghai Yan
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (P.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hain TM, Bykowski M, Saba M, Evans ME, Schröder-Turk GE, Kowalewska Ł. SPIRE-a software tool for bicontinuous phase recognition: application for plastid cubic membranes. Plant Physiol 2022; 188:81-96. [PMID: 34662407 PMCID: PMC8774748 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Bicontinuous membranes in cell organelles epitomize nature's ability to create complex functional nanostructures. Like their synthetic counterparts, these membranes are characterized by continuous membrane sheets draped onto topologically complex saddle-shaped surfaces with a periodic network-like structure. Their structure sizes, (around 50-500 nm), and fluid nature make transmission electron microscopy (TEM) the analysis method of choice to decipher their nanostructural features. Here we present a tool, Surface Projection Image Recognition Environment (SPIRE), to identify bicontinuous structures from TEM sections through interactive identification by comparison to mathematical "nodal surface" models. The prolamellar body (PLB) of plant etioplasts is a bicontinuous membrane structure with a key physiological role in chloroplast biogenesis. However, the determination of its spatial structural features has been held back by the lack of tools enabling the identification and quantitative analysis of symmetric membrane conformations. Using our SPIRE tool, we achieved a robust identification of the bicontinuous diamond surface as the dominant PLB geometry in angiosperm etioplasts in contrast to earlier long-standing assertions in the literature. Our data also provide insights into membrane storage capacities of PLBs with different volume proportions and hint at the limited role of a plastid ribosome localization directly inside the PLB grid for its proper functioning. This represents an important step in understanding their as yet elusive structure-function relationship.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias M Hain
- Institute of Mathematics, University of Potsdam, Potsdam D-14476, Germany
- College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Mathematics and Statistics, Murdoch University, Murdoch WA 6150, Australia
- Physical Chemistry, Center for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund University, Lund 22100, Sweden
| | - Michał Bykowski
- Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Experimental Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Matthias Saba
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Fribourg CH-1700, Switzerland
| | - Myfanwy E Evans
- Institute of Mathematics, University of Potsdam, Potsdam D-14476, Germany
| | - Gerd E Schröder-Turk
- College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Mathematics and Statistics, Murdoch University, Murdoch WA 6150, Australia
- Department of Applied Mathematics, The Australian National University, Research School of Physics, Canberra 2601, Australia
| | - Łucja Kowalewska
- Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Experimental Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chauhan BS. The world's first glyphosate-resistant case of Avena fatua L. and Avena sterilis ssp. ludoviciana (Durieu) Gillet & Magne and alternative herbicide options for their control. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262494. [PMID: 35020774 PMCID: PMC8754340 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Avena fatua and A. ludoviciana (commonly known as wild oats) are the most problematic winter grass species in fallows and winter crops in the northeast region of Australia. A series of experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance of glyphosate and alternative post-emergence herbicides on A. fatua and A. ludoviciana. This study reports the world's first glyphosate-resistant (GR) biotypes of A. fatua and A. ludoviciana. The glyphosate dose required to kill 50% of the plants (LD50) and to reduce 50% of the biomass (GR50) for the GR biotype of A. fatua was 556 g a.e./ha and 351 g a.e./ha, respectively. These values for A. ludoviciana were 848 g a.e./ha and 289 g a.e./ha. Regardless of the growth stage (3-4 or 6-7 leaf stages), clethodim (120 g a.i./ha), haloxyfop (78 g a.i./ha), pinoxaden (20 g a.i./ha), and propaquizafop (30 g a.i./ha) were the best alternative herbicide options for the control of A. fatua and A. ludoviciana. The efficacy of butroxydim (45 g a.i./ha), clodinafop (120 g a.i./ha), imazamox + imazapyr (36 g a.i./ha), and paraquat (600 g a.i./ha) reduced at the advanced growth stage. Glufosinate (750 g a.i./ha), flamprop (225 g a.i./ha), and pyroxsulam + halauxifen (20 g a.i./ha) did not provide effective control of Avena species. This study identified alternative herbicide options to manage GR biotypes of A. fatua and A. ludoviciana.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bhagirath Singh Chauhan
- The Centre for Crop Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI) and School of Agriculture and Food Sciences (SAFS), The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD, Australia
- Department of Agronomy, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, India
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
de Castilho CL, Volpiano CG, Ambrosini A, Zulpo L, Passaglia L, Beneduzi A, de Sá ELS. Growth-promoting effects of Bradyrhizobium soybean symbionts in black oats, white oats, and ryegrass. Braz J Microbiol 2021; 52:1451-1460. [PMID: 34024037 PMCID: PMC8324701 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-021-00523-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Although inoculating soybean with rhizobia for biological nitrogen fixation is a common practice in agriculture, rhizobia are also known to associate with grasses. In this study, we evaluate the potential utility of the rhizobial strains SEMIA 587 and 5019 (Bradyrhizobium elkanii), 5079 (Bradyrhizobium japonicum), and 5080 (Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens), recommended for Brazilian soybean inoculation, in colonizing black oat plants and promoting growth in black and white oats, and ryegrass. Inoculation of white oats with SEMIA 587 increase the seed germination (SG) by 32.09%, whereas the SG of black oats inoculated with SEMIA 587 and 5019 increased by 40.38% and 37.85%, respectively. Similarly, inoculation of ryegrass with all strains increased SG values between 24.63 and 27.59%. In addition, white oats with SEMIA 587 and 5080 had root areas significantly superior to those in other treatments, whereas inoculation with SEMIA 5079 and 5080 resulted in the highest volume of roots. Likewise, SEMIA 5079 and 5080 significantly increased the length, volume, and area of black oats roots, whereas SEMIA 587 increased the volume, area, and dry mass of roots and shoot. Inoculation in ryegrass with SEMIA 587 significantly increased the root volume. Moreover, most strains transformed with gfp and gus were observed to colonize the roots of black oats. Collectively, the findings of this study indicate that rhizobial strains recommended for inoculation of soybean can also be used to promote the growth of the three assessed grass species, and are able to colonize the roots of black oats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Leal de Castilho
- Departamento de Solos, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 7712, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 91540-000, Brazil
| | - Camila Gazolla Volpiano
- Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Adriana Ambrosini
- Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Lucas Zulpo
- Departamento de Solos, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 7712, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 91540-000, Brazil
| | - Luciane Passaglia
- Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Anelise Beneduzi
- Departamento de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa Agropecuária (antiga FEPAGRO) da Secretaria da Agricultura, Pecuária e Desenvolvimento Rural (SEAPDR) do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Gonçalves Dias, 570, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 90130-060, Brazil.
| | - Enílson Luiz Saccol de Sá
- Departamento de Solos, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 7712, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 91540-000, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang X, Dingxuan Q, Shi M. Calcium amendment for improved germination, plant growth, and leaf photosynthetic electron transport in oat (Avena sativa) under NaCl stress. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0256529. [PMID: 34428242 PMCID: PMC8384207 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) is an essential nutrient element for plants as it stabilizes the membrane system structure and controls enzyme activity. To investigate the effects of Ca2+ on plant growth and leaf photosynthetic electron transport in oat (Avena sativa) under NaCl stress, oat seeds and plants were cultivated in nutrient solutions with single NaCl treatment and NaCl treatment with CaCl2 amendment. By measuring the seed germination rate, plant growth, Na+ and Cl- accumulation in leaves, ion leakage in seedlings and leaves, prompt chlorophyll a fluorescence (PF) transient (OJIP), delayed chlorophyll a fluorescence (DF), and modulated 820 nm reflection (MR) values of the leaves at different growth phases, we observed that Ca2+ alleviated the inhibition of germination and plant growth and decreased Na+ and Cl- accumulation and ion leakage in the leaves under NaCl stress. NaCl stress changed the curves of the OJIP transient, induced PF intensity at P-step (FP) decrease and PF intensity at J-step (FJ) increase, resulted in obvious K and L bands, and altered the performance index of absorption (PIABS), the absorption of antenna chlorophyll (ABS/RC), electron movement efficiency (ETo/TRo), and potential maximum photosynthetic capacity (FV/FM) values. With the time extension of NaCl stress, I1 and I2 in the DF curve showed a decreasing trend, the lowest values of MR/MRO curve increased, and the highest points of the MR/MRO curve decreased. Compared with NaCl treatment, the extent of change induced by NaCl in the values of OJIP, DF and MR was reduced in the NaCl treatment with CaCl2 amendment. These results revealed that Ca2+ might improve the photosynthetic efficiency and the growth of salt-stressed plants by maintaining the integrity of oxygen-evolving complexes and electron transporters on the side of the PSI receptor and enhancing the relationship between the functional units of the photosynthetic electron transport chain. The findings from this study could be used for improving crop productivity in saline alkali lands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshan Wang
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province, The People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiyue Dingxuan
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province, The People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengmeng Shi
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province, The People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Khaembah EN, Cichota R, Vogeler I. Simulation of management strategies to mitigate nitrogen losses from crop rotations in Southland, New Zealand. J Sci Food Agric 2021; 101:4241-4249. [PMID: 33426682 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nitrogen (N) fertiliser used on crops is among the main sources of water pollution. Reliable measurement of N losses from land uses in catchments is key to designing effective management strategies that minimise those losses at the same time as keeping farms profitable. In the present study, we used a management simulation tool within the Agricultural Production Systems sIMulator (APSIM) to assess the effect of fertiliser management on N leaching from croplands in the Aparima catchment in Southland, New Zealand. The assessment was based on two N-fertiliser regimes: (i) Scheduled (conventional) where, N-fertiliser rates and timing of application followed a prescribed programme, and (ii) Soil-test where, N-fertiliser rates and timing depended on daily analysis of simulated soil N levels. Four rotations (continuous wheat, pasture-wheat-grain oats, wheat-fodder beet-peas and wheat-green oats-fodder beet-peas) were used in the evaluation. RESULTS APSIM simulated crop productivity with reasonable accuracy. Yields were 2% greater, fertiliser N input was 11% lower and leaching was 20% lower under the Soil-test compared to the Scheduled fertiliser management. These results show the potential of a Soil-test based fertiliser application to increase fertiliser-N use efficiency and reduce the risk of N loss to the Southland catchment water systems. CONCLUSION The present study demonstrates a dynamic farm systems model can be a viable tool to generate valuable data for assessing the productivity and environmental effects of cropping systems at a catchment scale. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edith N Khaembah
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Rogerio Cichota
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Iris Vogeler
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Christchurch, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Li X, Guo T, Wang J, Bekele WA, Sukumaran S, Vanous AE, McNellie JP, Tibbs-Cortes LE, Lopes MS, Lamkey KR, Westgate ME, McKay JK, Archontoulis SV, Reynolds MP, Tinker NA, Schnable PS, Yu J. An integrated framework reinstating the environmental dimension for GWAS and genomic selection in crops. Mol Plant 2021; 14:874-887. [PMID: 33713844 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2021.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Identifying mechanisms and pathways involved in gene-environment interplay and phenotypic plasticity is a long-standing challenge. It is highly desirable to establish an integrated framework with an environmental dimension for complex trait dissection and prediction. A critical step is to identify an environmental index that is both biologically relevant and estimable for new environments. With extensive field-observed complex traits, environmental profiles, and genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms for three major crops (maize, wheat, and oat), we demonstrated that identifying such an environmental index (i.e., a combination of environmental parameter and growth window) enables genome-wide association studies and genomic selection of complex traits to be conducted with an explicit environmental dimension. Interestingly, genes identified for two reaction-norm parameters (i.e., intercept and slope) derived from flowering time values along the environmental index were less colocalized for a diverse maize panel than for wheat and oat breeding panels, agreeing with the different diversity levels and genetic constitutions of the panels. In addition, we showcased the usefulness of this framework for systematically forecasting the performance of diverse germplasm panels in new environments. This general framework and the companion CERIS-JGRA analytical package should facilitate biologically informed dissection of complex traits, enhanced performance prediction in breeding for future climates, and coordinated efforts to enrich our understanding of mechanisms underlying phenotypic variation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xianran Li
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Tingting Guo
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Jinyu Wang
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Wubishet A Bekele
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Sivakumar Sukumaran
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Adam E Vanous
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - James P McNellie
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | | | - Marta S Lopes
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Kendall R Lamkey
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Mark E Westgate
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - John K McKay
- Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | | | - Matthew P Reynolds
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Nicholas A Tinker
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - Jianming Yu
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
De Colli L, De Ruyck K, Abdallah MF, Finnan J, Mullins E, Kildea S, Spink J, Elliott C, Danaher M. Natural Co-Occurrence of Multiple Mycotoxins in Unprocessed Oats Grown in Ireland with Various Production Systems. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13030188. [PMID: 33806558 PMCID: PMC7998419 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13030188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The natural co-occurrence of 42 mycotoxins was investigated in unprocessed oat grains grown in Ireland. The sample set included a total of 208 oat crops harvested during 2015–2016 and produced using conventional, organic, or gluten free farming systems. A range of different toxins was identified, including the major type A (neosolaniol, HT-2 and T-2 toxins, T-2 triol, and T-2-glucoside, co-occurring in 21 samples) and B trichothecenes (deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, and deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside), enniatins (B1, B, and A1, co-occurring in 12 samples), as well as beauvericin, alternariol, mycophenolic acid, and sterigmatocystin. The influences of sowing season, year, and production system were investigated, eventually indicating that the latter factor may have a higher impact than others on the production of certain mycotoxins in oats. The most frequently quantified compounds were HT-2 (51%) and T-2 (41%) toxins, with gluten free oats containing significantly lower concentrations of HT-2 compared to conventionally produced oats. Although the prevalence and concentrations of mycotoxin found in oat samples in this study should be substantially reduced by processing. However, as mycotoxin occurrence is clearly influenced by multiple factors, controlled field trials should be carried out to define optimal agronomic practices and mitigate mycotoxin production. Furthermore, this work highlights the need for regularly testing cereal-based foods with multi-residue analytical methods with wider specificities than the traditionally screened and regulated toxins, to generate knowledge on the occurrence of several mycotoxins that are, to date, rarely investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo De Colli
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5DL, UK;
- Food Safety Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Dublin 15, Ireland; (K.D.R.); (M.D.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Karl De Ruyck
- Food Safety Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Dublin 15, Ireland; (K.D.R.); (M.D.)
| | - Mohamed F. Abdallah
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium;
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
| | - John Finnan
- Crops Science Department, Teagasc, Oak Park, Carlow R93 XE12, Ireland; (J.F.); (E.M.); (S.K.); (J.S.)
| | - Ewen Mullins
- Crops Science Department, Teagasc, Oak Park, Carlow R93 XE12, Ireland; (J.F.); (E.M.); (S.K.); (J.S.)
| | - Steven Kildea
- Crops Science Department, Teagasc, Oak Park, Carlow R93 XE12, Ireland; (J.F.); (E.M.); (S.K.); (J.S.)
| | - John Spink
- Crops Science Department, Teagasc, Oak Park, Carlow R93 XE12, Ireland; (J.F.); (E.M.); (S.K.); (J.S.)
| | - Christopher Elliott
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5DL, UK;
| | - Martin Danaher
- Food Safety Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Dublin 15, Ireland; (K.D.R.); (M.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhang L, Ma M, Cui L, Liu L. Deciphering the dynamic gene expression patterns of pollen abortion in a male sterile line of Avena sativa through transcriptome analysis at different developmental stages. BMC Plant Biol 2021; 21:101. [PMID: 33602130 PMCID: PMC7893748 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-02881-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Male sterility (MS) has important applications in hybrid seed production, and the abortion of anthers has been observed in many plant species. While most studies have focused on the genetic factors affecting male sterility, the dynamic gene expression patterns of pollen abortion in male sterile lines have not been fully elucidated. In addition, there is still no hybrid oat that is commercially planted due to the lack of a suitable system of male sterility for hybrid breeding. RESULTS In this study, we cultivated a male sterile oat line and a near-isogenic line by crossbreeding to elucidate the expression patterns of genes that may be involved in sterility. The first reported CA male sterile (CAMS) oat line was used for cross-testing and hybridization experiments and was confirmed to exhibit a type of nuclear sterility controlled by recessive genes. Oat stamens of two lines were sampled at four different developmental stages separately. Paired-end RNA sequencing was performed for each sample and generated 252.84 Gb sequences. There were 295,462 unigenes annotated in public databases in all samples, and we compared the histological characteristics and transcriptomes of oat stamens from the two oat lines at different developmental stages. Our results demonstrate that the sterility of the male sterile oat line occurs in the early stage of stamen development and is primarily attributable to abnormal meiosis and the excessive accumulation of superoxide. CONCLUSIONS To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to decipher the dynamic expression profiles of pollen abortion CAMS and CA male fertile (CAMF) oat lines, which may represent a valuable resource for further studies attempting to understand pollen abortion and anther development in oats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Zhang
- Crop Germplasms Resources Research Institute, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taiyuan, China.
| | - Mingchuan Ma
- Crop Germplasms Resources Research Institute, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taiyuan, China
| | - Lin Cui
- Crop Germplasms Resources Research Institute, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taiyuan, China
| | - Longlong Liu
- Crop Germplasms Resources Research Institute, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taiyuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Matsuhashi S, Asai M, Fukasawa K. Estimations and projections of Avena fatua dynamics under multiple management scenarios in crop fields using simplified longitudinal monitoring. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0245217. [PMID: 33449954 PMCID: PMC7810275 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrated weed management (IWM) is currently the most appropriate and effective method of agricultural weed control. To determine the most effective strategy, it is necessary to compare the effects of different control options and their rotation. Avena fatua (common wild oat) is one of the most common and economically threatening grass weed species of cereal crops worldwide. To examine the effects of non-chemical weed management options (farmland use, delayed sowing, and summer irrigation) on control of A. fatua, we recorded coverage levels and field conditions in 41 sites during the spring growing season of winter wheat for about 10 years. A transition matrix model was then constructed to project coverage levels of A. fatua under each management option using ordinal logistic regression. The results showed that farmland use had a remarkable effect on coverage; notably, planting of paddy rice and vegetables, which respectively eliminated the effect of coverage in the previous year and facilitated rapid convergence of coverage to 0%. Thus, although 90% of fields under continuous wheat cultivation were found to be at risk of A. fatua colonization, the risk was reduced to almost 0% with rotation of effective farmland use. As summer irrigation was also effective, more than 50% of wheat fields with the option continuously converged to no risk for A. fatua colonization. When the different management cycles were repeated, the effects were observed within 3 years, with a steady state reached in less than 10 years. Overall, these results suggest that simplified monitoring data could help decision-making on IWM, thereby helping to improve the efficiency of agricultural production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saeko Matsuhashi
- CARC, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Motoaki Asai
- TARC, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Keita Fukasawa
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Skrzypek E, Warchoł M, Czyczyło-Mysza I, Juzoń K, Dziurka K, Marcińska I. Oat Doubled Haploid Production Through Wide Hybridization with Maize. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2287:323-332. [PMID: 34270040 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1315-3_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Wide hybridization is one of the haploid-inducing techniques that can accelerate the breeding process. Obtaining new cultivars is crucial to solve the problem of the constantly growing world population and global increase in demand for food, feed and renewable energy under changing environmental conditions. Here, we present a detailed protocol for obtaining oat (Avena sativa L.) doubled haploids (DHs) by pollination with maize (Zea mays L.). After fertilization, not only oat homozygotes, but also oat × maize hybrid zygotes can be formed, and during early embryo development, maize chromosomes are preferentially eliminated, which ultimately results in haploid plant formation. This chapter describes a method to produce oat DHs by crossing oat with maize, covering all steps from crossings to haploid plant regeneration and chromosome doubling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edyta Skrzypek
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Marzena Warchoł
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Ilona Czyczyło-Mysza
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Juzoń
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Kinga Dziurka
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Izabela Marcińska
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Hu C, Tang Y, Zhao Y, Sang S. Quantitative Analysis and Anti-inflammatory Activity Evaluation of the A-Type Avenanthramides in Commercial Sprouted Oat Products. J Agric Food Chem 2020; 68:13068-13075. [PMID: 31841331 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b06812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Avenanthramides (AVAs) are unique phytochemicals in oat that contain two distinct groups of compounds. The first group is constituted by N-cinnamoylanthranilic acids with a single double bond (referred to as C type), and the other group is constituted by N-avenalumoylanthranilic acids with two double bonds (referred to as A type). C-type AVAs have been reported with their chemical profiles and levels in commercial oat products as well as their bioactivities. However, the accurate levels of A-type AVAs in commercial sprouted oat products and their bioactivity are still unknown. In this study, we purified seven A-type AVAs from sprouted oat bran and characterized their structures with corresponding mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance data. Among them, five compounds were isolated from oat bran for the first time. The purified A-type AVAs were used as authentic standards to establish the chemical profile of A-type AVAs in oat and to quantify the levels of all individual A-type AVAs in six commercial sprouted oat products using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. The total A-type AVA contents in the various oat products ranged from 7.85 to 133.3 μg/g. Furthermore, the inhibition of lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide production and inducible nitric oxide synthase expression by A- and C-type AVAs in macrophages were compared. The most abundant A-type AVAs (2pd, 2cd, and 2fd) have similar anti-inflammatory activity to the major C-type AVAs (2p, 2c, and 2f). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the bioactivity of A-type AVAs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changling Hu
- Laboratory for Functional Foods and Human Health, Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, North Carolina Research Campus, 500 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, United States
| | - Yao Tang
- Laboratory for Functional Foods and Human Health, Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, North Carolina Research Campus, 500 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, United States
| | - Yantao Zhao
- Laboratory for Functional Foods and Human Health, Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, North Carolina Research Campus, 500 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, United States
| | - Shengmin Sang
- Laboratory for Functional Foods and Human Health, Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, North Carolina Research Campus, 500 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, United States
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Jo Heuschele D, Smith KP, Annor GA. Variation in Lignin, Cell Wall-Bound p-Coumaric, and Ferulic Acid in the Nodes and Internodes of Cereals and Their Impact on Lodging. J Agric Food Chem 2020; 68:12569-12576. [PMID: 33126793 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c04025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the contribution of stem cell wall components to lodging is important in developing breeding programs aimed at reducing lodging in cereal crops. This study is one of the first to investigate the correlation between the amounts of cell wall-bound ferulic acid, p-coumaric acid, and lignin in the nodes and internodes of cereals (oat, wheat, and barley) and their lodging susceptibility during grain fill. All samples, except two-row barley, were susceptible to lodging and expressed a significantly lower stalk strength. Lignin and phenolic contents between nodes and internodes of all samples were significantly different, with internodes having higher amounts (5.5-7.0 and 10.9-16.2 μg/g p-coumaric acid, and 2.5-3.2 and 3.9-7.1 μg/g ferulic acid in nodes and internodes, respectively). The acid-soluble lignin content was different between nodes and internodes but not between crops. This data set did not correlate with lodging classification, possibly due to sample size and type.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Jo Heuschele
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, 411 Borlaug Hall, 1991 Upper Buford Circle, Saint Paul, Minnesota 55108, United States
| | - Kevin P Smith
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, 411 Borlaug Hall, 1991 Upper Buford Circle, Saint Paul, Minnesota 55108, United States
| | - George A Annor
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, 1334 Eckles Avenue, Saint Paul, Minnesota 55108, United States
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Yan H, Jia S, Mao P. Melatonin Priming Alleviates Aging-Induced Germination Inhibition by Regulating β-oxidation, Protein Translation, and Antioxidant Metabolism in Oat ( Avena sativa L.) Seeds. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21051898. [PMID: 32164355 PMCID: PMC7084597 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although melatonin has been reported to play an important role in regulating metabolic events under adverse stresses, its underlying mechanisms on germination in aged seeds remain unclear. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of melatonin priming (MP) on embryos of aged oat seeds in relation to germination, ultrastructural changes, antioxidant responses, and protein profiles. Proteomic analysis revealed, in total, 402 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in normal, aged, and aged + MP embryos. The downregulated DEPs in aged embryos were enriched in sucrose metabolism, glycolysis, β-oxidation of lipid, and protein synthesis. MP (200 μM) turned four downregulated DEPs into upregulated DEPs, among which, especially 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase-like protein (KATLP) involved in the β-oxidation pathway played a key role in maintaining TCA cycle stability and providing more energy for protein translation. Furthermore, it was found that MP enhanced antioxidant capacity in the ascorbate-glutathione (AsA-GSH) system, declined reactive oxygen species (ROS), and improved cell ultrastructure. These results indicated that the impaired germination and seedling growth of aged seeds could be rescued to a certain level by melatonin, predominantly depending on β-oxidation, protein translation, and antioxidant protection of AsA-GSH. This work reveals new insights into melatonin-mediated mechanisms from protein profiles that occur in embryos of oat seeds processed by both aging and priming.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huifang Yan
- Forage Seed Laboratory, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (H.Y.); (S.J.)
- Grassland Agri-husbandry Research Center, College of Grassland Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Shangang Jia
- Forage Seed Laboratory, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (H.Y.); (S.J.)
- Key Laboratory of Pratacultural Science, Beijing Municipality, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Peisheng Mao
- Forage Seed Laboratory, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (H.Y.); (S.J.)
- Key Laboratory of Pratacultural Science, Beijing Municipality, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-010-62733311
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Sądej W, Żołnowski AC, Ciećko Z, Grzybowski Ł, Szostek R. Evaluation of the impact of soil contamination with mercury and application of soil amendments on the yield and chemical composition of Avena sativa L. J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng 2019; 55:82-96. [PMID: 31549913 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2019.1667671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of soil contamination with Hg on the yield and chemical composition of Avena sativa L. Mercury was incorporated into soil in amounts: 0, 50, 100 and 150 mg Hg·kg-1of soil. Zeolite, lime and bentonite were used to alleviate the soil contamination. Plants cultivated in Hg-polluted soil showed growth inhibition even in the presence of bentonite, lime or zeolite. Under elevated doses of Hg, the yield of aerial mass and roots decreased. The soil amendments mitigated the adverse effect of contamination, with lime and bentonite having a more beneficial influence on the yield than zeolite. The incremental contamination with mercury led to an increase in the content of Hg in the biomass of the plants. A much higher content of Hg was found in roots than in aerial parts. The inactivating substances applied to soil to some extent limited the increase in the content of this metal in all plant organs. Lime proved to be most effective in this regard. An increase in the soil contamination with mercury caused an increased content of nitrogen and potassium in plant organs and a decrease content of phosphorus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wiera Sądej
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Andrzej C Żołnowski
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Zdzisław Ciećko
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
- Higher School of Ecology and Management in Warsaw, Poland
| | - Łukasz Grzybowski
- Viridor - Energy From Waste, Salmon Pastures Attercliffe Road, Sheffield, UK
| | - Radosław Szostek
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Rychter P, Christova D, Lewicka K, Rogacz D. Ecotoxicological impact of selected polyethylenimines toward their potential application as nitrogen fertilizers with prolonged activity. Chemosphere 2019; 226:800-808. [PMID: 30965251 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Poly(2-oxazoline) polymers have found extensive application in the preparation of microcapsules for biomedical purposes. However, there is a scarcity of information related to their ecotoxicological assessment. Therefore, in this study, we focused on the ecotoxicity of selected polyethylenimines (PEIs) including poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) (PEtOx) as an N-acyl-substituted PEI, linear polyethylenimine (LPEI) and branched polyethylenimine (BPEI). Oat (a monocotyledon) (Avena sativa) and radish (a dicotyledon) (Raphanus sativus) were selected as the representative plants, which are recommended by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) 208 as the standard to test for plant growth. Shoot and root length, fresh and dry matter, level of total nitrogen in green parts of the plants, as well as total chlorophyll and carotenoids were determined. Phytotoxicity of all the tested parameters was dependent on the concentration of the examined polymers in the soil as well as on the time of their incubation in the soil. According to our results, the amount of nitrogen in green parts of the plants was increased compared to the control plants, which revealed the uptake of the plant-available form of nitrogen released from the tested PEIs. This was especially true for the plants treated with LPEI. Ecotoxicological impact of the incubated polymers in the soil against marine bacteria Allivibrio fischeri proved that, the all tested polyethylenimines may be classified as not harmful to aquatic microorganisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Rychter
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Jan Długosz University in Częstochowa, 13/15 Armii Krajowej Av., 42-200, Częstochowa, Poland.
| | - Darinka Christova
- Institute of Polymers, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Block 103-A, BG-1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Kamila Lewicka
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Jan Długosz University in Częstochowa, 13/15 Armii Krajowej Av., 42-200, Częstochowa, Poland
| | - Diana Rogacz
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Jan Długosz University in Częstochowa, 13/15 Armii Krajowej Av., 42-200, Częstochowa, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Kosiorek M, Wyszkowski M. Remediation of cobalt-polluted soil after application of selected substances and using oat (Avena sativa L.). Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:16762-16780. [PMID: 30997643 PMCID: PMC6533238 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05052-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine the effectiveness of soil application of manure, clay, charcoal, zeolite, and calcium oxide in remediation of soil polluted with cobalt (0, 20, 40, 80, 160, 320 mg Co kg-1 of soil). The following were determined: weight of harvested plants as well as the content of cobalt in grain, straw, and roots of oat. In addition, tolerance index (Ti), cobalt bioconcentration (BCF), translocation (TF), and transfer (TFr) coefficients were derived. In the series without amendments, the increasing doses of cobalt had a significant effect by decreasing the yields of oat grain and straw and the mass of its roots. Also, lower tolerance index values were noted in the objects polluted with cobalt, especially with its highest dose. The application of manure had the strongest effect on increasing the mass of particular organs of the test plant, while the application of charcoal led to a significant decrease in this respect. The application of all substances to the soil, and especially manure and calcium oxide, resulted in higher tolerance index Ti values. The growing contamination of soil with cobalt caused a significant increase in the content of this element in oat and in the values of the translocation coefficient, in contrast to the effects noted with respect to the bioconcentration and transfer coefficients. All the substances applied to soil reduced the content of cobalt and its bioconcentration in oat straw, in opposition to grain and roots, limited its translocation, but elevated the transfer of this element from soil to plants. Soil contamination with cobalt promoted the accumulation of lead and copper in grain, cadmium, lead, nickel, zinc, manganese, and iron in straw, as well as cadmium, nickel, zinc, and manganese in oat roots. As the cobalt dose increased, the content of other trace elements in oat organs either decreased or did not show any unambiguous changes. Of all the tested substances, the strongest influence on the content of trace elements was produced by calcium oxide in straw and roots and by zeolite in roots, whereas the weakest effect was generated by manure in oat grain. Oat is not the best plant for phytoremediation of soils contaminated with cobalt.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milena Kosiorek
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Mirosław Wyszkowski
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Lima FRD, Martins GC, Silva AO, Vasques ICF, Engelhardt MM, Cândido GS, Pereira P, Reis RHCL, Carvalho GS, Windmöller CC, Moreira FMS, Guilherme LRG, Marques JJ. Critical mercury concentration in tropical soils: Impact on plants and soil biological attributes. Sci Total Environ 2019; 666:472-479. [PMID: 30802662 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Mercury is a toxic element that becomes a problem when present at high concentrations in soils. Mercury toxicity in soils varies depending on chemical species, concentration, exposure routes, and organism vulnerability. There is little information regarding the toxicity of Hg in tropical soils, especially for establishing safe levels of this pollutant. The purpose of this study was to investigate Hg concentrations in two tropical soils and their effect on oats and common beans, as well as on soil biological attributes. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, following ISO 11.269-2 and OECD-208 guidelines. Oat and common bean were cultivated in a Typic Hapludox (TyHpx) and Rhodic Acrudox (RhAcx) contaminated with HgCl2 at the following concentrations: 0, 2.5, 5.0, 10.0, 20.0, 40.0, and 80.0 mg of Hg kg-1 of dry soil. The biological variables analyzed were seedling emergence, vegetative growth, chlorophyll content (SPAD index), gas exchange (photosynthetic rate, internal CO2 concentration, transpiration rate, and stomatal conductance), and Hg concentration and accumulation in shoot dry matter. Microbial biomass carbon, soil basal respiration, and metabolic quotient (qCO2) were also analyzed. Due to the sorptive characteristics of TyHpx, it had higher Hg concentrations than RhAcx. Mercury showed toxic effects on both oat and common bean species. However, common bean was affected only at concentrations higher than 20 mg kg-1. The microbial community showed high sensitivity to soil Hg concentrations, but external factors, such as the plant species cultivated, influenced the sensitivity of the community. The microbiota was most sensitive in pots with common bean, and this effect was more pronounced at low clay and low organic matter contents (TyHpx). In this study, the concentration of 0.36 mg kg-1 was critical for Hg in these soils, based on its deleterious effects on oat and common bean and on biological soil attributes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F R D Lima
- Departamento de Ciência do Solo, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras 37200-000, Minas Gerais State, Brazil
| | - G C Martins
- Instituto Tecnológico Vale, Belém 66055-090, Pará State, Brazil
| | - A O Silva
- Departamento de Ciência do Solo, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras 37200-000, Minas Gerais State, Brazil
| | - I C F Vasques
- Departamento de Ciência do Solo, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras 37200-000, Minas Gerais State, Brazil
| | - M M Engelhardt
- Departamento de Ciência do Solo, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras 37200-000, Minas Gerais State, Brazil
| | - G S Cândido
- Departamento de Ciência do Solo, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras 37200-000, Minas Gerais State, Brazil
| | - P Pereira
- Departamento de Ciência do Solo, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras 37200-000, Minas Gerais State, Brazil
| | - R H C L Reis
- Departamento de Ciência do Solo, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras 37200-000, Minas Gerais State, Brazil
| | - G S Carvalho
- Departamento de Ciência do Solo, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras 37200-000, Minas Gerais State, Brazil
| | - C C Windmöller
- Departamento de Química, ICEX, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Minas Gerais State, Brazil
| | - F M S Moreira
- Departamento de Ciência do Solo, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras 37200-000, Minas Gerais State, Brazil
| | - L R G Guilherme
- Departamento de Ciência do Solo, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras 37200-000, Minas Gerais State, Brazil
| | - J J Marques
- Departamento de Ciência do Solo, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras 37200-000, Minas Gerais State, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Lewkowski J, Rogacz D, Rychter P. Hazardous ecotoxicological impact of two commonly used nitrofuran-derived antibacterial drugs: Furazolidone and nitrofurantoin. Chemosphere 2019; 222:381-390. [PMID: 30711727 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.01.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This paper discusses the impact of two nitrofuran-derived drugs, namely furazolidone and nitrofurantoin on growth of oat and common radish as well as their impact on bacteria Allivibrio fischeri and crustaceans Heterocypris incongruens. Results indicated that both compounds were highly phytotoxic for radish (R. sativus) being simultaneously nearly not harmful for oat (A. sativa). Growing inhibition of shoots, roots, fresh matter and photosynthetic pigments is correlated with growing concentration of drugs in soil. Ecotoxicological impact of both compounds on model luminescence bacteria Aliivibrio fischeri and freshwater crustaceans Heterocypris incongruens as a representative organisms of two different level of food chain, is also reported herein, and the obtained data show significant toxicity against these two organisms. Basing on obtained results, it was concluded that both nitrofuran drugs in case of distribution through environment, by improper utilisation after use or unplanned environmental intoxication with unused drugs may cause serious environmental problems and therefore both should be handled with a reasonable care at any step of their production or utilisation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jarosław Lewkowski
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Łódź, Tamka 12, 91-403 Łódź, Poland.
| | - Diana Rogacz
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Jan Długosz University in Częstochowa, 13/15 Armii Krajowej Av., 42-200 Częstochowa, Poland.
| | - Piotr Rychter
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Jan Długosz University in Częstochowa, 13/15 Armii Krajowej Av., 42-200 Częstochowa, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Khan TA, Nadeem F, Chen L, Wang X, Zeng Z, Hu Y. Enhancing naked oat (Avena nuda L.) productivity with minimal indirect nitrogen loss and maximum nitrogen use efficiency through integrated use of different nitrogen sources. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0213808. [PMID: 30883582 PMCID: PMC6422306 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0213808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Oat (Avena nuda L.) is a nutritious grain crop, rich in dietary fibers and phytochemicals. Application of efficient nitrogen (N) sources and dose is very important to obtain higher crop productivity and to achieve environmental sustainability. The exploitation of natural beneficial microbes and organic nitrogen in combination with chemical nitrogen would be effective to boost soil N for plant uptake. Hence, a field experiment was conducted during 2016 and 2017 with the aim to ameliorate the use of chemical N (CN) with organic nitrogen (ON) and microbial fertilizer (MBF) without compromising the productivity of oat. T1 = control, T2 = 100% CN, T3 = 100% CN+MBF, T4 = 75% CN+ 25% ON+MBF, T5 = 50% CN+ 50% ON+MBF, T6 = 100% ON+MBF, T7 = 100% ON were the treatments. 50% CN + 50% ON + MBF treatment proved to be an efficient combination regarding enhanced biomass and grain yield, nitrogen uptake and NUE as compared to rest of the treatments in both years. During the critical stages of the crop, when most of the applied CN was leached from the top 20 cm soil depth, a substantial N came from the PM mineralization through enhanced microbial activity by the addition of MBF. Lastly, the application of ON supplemented with MBF improved the rhizosphere soil properties, i.e. mineral N concentration, total N (TN), soil organic carbon (SOC), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN), soil respiration rate and enzymatic activity. A balanced and source conscious application of CN, ON and MBF reduced N losses and added a substantial amount of N into the soil N pool. We concluded that organic N combined with chemical N and MBF proved to be effective in improving soil properties ensuring less N loss and increasing oat production in the semi-arid region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Faisal Nadeem
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lili Chen
- College of Agronomy, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofen Wang
- College of Agronomy, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaohai Zeng
- College of Agronomy, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuegao Hu
- College of Agronomy, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: ,
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ruduś I, Cembrowska-Lech D, Jaworska A, Kępczyński J. Involvement of ethylene biosynthesis and perception during germination of dormant Avena fatua L. caryopses induced by KAR 1 or GA 3. Planta 2019; 249:719-738. [PMID: 30370496 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-018-3032-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Germination of primary dormant wild oat caused by KAR1 or GA3 is associated with ACC accumulation and increased ethylene production shortly before radicle protrusion as a result of the non-transcriptional and transcriptional activation of ACS and ACO enzymes, respectively. Response to both compounds involves the modulation of ethylene sensitivity through ethylene receptor genes. Harvested Avena fatua caryopses are primary dormant and, therefore, germinated poorly at 20 °C. Karrikin 1 (KAR1), which action probably requires endogenous gibberellins (GAs), and gibberellin A3 (GA3) was found to induce dormant caryopses to germinate. The stimulatory effects were accompanied by the activation of the ethylene biosynthesis pathway and depended on undisturbed ethylene perception. KAR1 and GA3 promoted 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) accumulation during coleorhizae emergence and ethylene production shortly prior to the radicle protrusion, which resulted from the enhanced activity of two ethylene biosynthesis enzymes, ACC synthase (ACS) and ACC oxidase (ACO). The inhibitor of ACS adversely affected beneficial impacts of both KAR1 and GA3 on A. fatua caryopses germination, while the inhibitor of ACO more efficiently impeded the GA3 effect. The inhibitors of ethylene action markedly lowered germination in response to KAR1 and GA3. Gene expression studies preceded by the identification of several genes related to ethylene biosynthesis (AfACS6, AfACO1, and AfACO5) and perception (AfERS1b, AfERS1c, AfERS2, AfETR2, AfETR3, and AfETR4) provided further evidence for the engagement of ethylene in KAR1 and GA3 induced germination of A. fatua caryopses. Both AfACO1 and AfACO5 were upregulated, whereas AfACS6 remained unaffected by the treatment. This suggests the existence of different regulatory mechanisms of enzymatic activity, transcriptional for ACO and non-transcriptional for ACS. During imbibition in water, AfERS1b was stronger expressed than other receptor genes. In the presence of KAR1 or GA3, the expression of AfETR3 was substantially induced. Differential expression of ethylene receptor genes implies the modulation of caryopses sensitivity adjusted to ethylene availability and suggests the functional diversification of individual receptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Ruduś
- Department of Plant Physiology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Biology, University of Szczecin, Wąska 13, 71-415, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Danuta Cembrowska-Lech
- Department of Plant Physiology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Biology, University of Szczecin, Wąska 13, 71-415, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Anna Jaworska
- Department of Plant Physiology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Biology, University of Szczecin, Wąska 13, 71-415, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jan Kępczyński
- Department of Plant Physiology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Biology, University of Szczecin, Wąska 13, 71-415, Szczecin, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Marastoni L, Sandri M, Pii Y, Valentinuzzi F, Brunetto G, Cesco S, Mimmo T. Synergism and antagonisms between nutrients induced by copper toxicity in grapevine rootstocks: Monocropping vs. intercropping. Chemosphere 2019; 214:563-578. [PMID: 30286423 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.09.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The long-term use of Cu-containing fungicides contaminates vineyards soils, which can induce Cu toxicity and nutrient imbalances in several plant species. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of Cu toxicity on two grapevine rootstocks, Fercal and 196.17, and to elucidate if intercropping with oat can alleviate grapevine Cu toxicity. Plants were hydroponically-cultivated and treated with different Cu concentrations. At harvest the biomass accumulation, the SPAD index and the symplastic and apoplastic root and leaves ionome were measured to evaluate possible synergistic and/or antagonistic effects on other micro- and macronutrients. The root exudation analysis was correlated with genes expression (VvPEZ-like), whereas PCA analysis performed on the grapevine and oat ionome revealed that both mono- and intercropped 196.17 rootstock display a positive effect on Zn and Mn in the root tissues at high Cu concentrations. An increase of Zn and Mn in roots was also reported for the intercropped Fercal rootstock at high Cu concentrations while an antagonistic relation was reported for root Zn concentration in the monocropped Fercal rootstock. Our results showed that grapevine and oat compete for nutrient uptake and that this phenomenon can possibly alleviate grapevine Cu toxicity. However, Fercal rootstock is able to take advantage from oat, while 196.17 is disadvantaged by the intercropping system. Even though intercropping system seems to be a valuable tool to counteract grapevine Cu toxicity, the application of this agricultural practice has shown to be species dependent and should be evaluated for each rootstock.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Marastoni
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano, Piazza Università 5, 39100, Bolzano, Italy.
| | - M Sandri
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano, Piazza Università 5, 39100, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Y Pii
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano, Piazza Università 5, 39100, Bolzano, Italy
| | - F Valentinuzzi
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano, Piazza Università 5, 39100, Bolzano, Italy
| | - G Brunetto
- Departamento de Ciência do Solo da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - S Cesco
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano, Piazza Università 5, 39100, Bolzano, Italy
| | - T Mimmo
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano, Piazza Università 5, 39100, Bolzano, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
Crown rust disease caused by the fungus Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae (Pca) is a major production constraint of oat in North America, Europe, and Australia. There are over 100 genes effective against one or more Pca races, but only a handful of seedling resistance (Pc) genes have been mapped to a known chromosomal location. The goal of the present study was to use linkage mapping to identify the genomic location of the Pc53 gene, and to produce a list of linked SNPs with potential as molecular markers for marker assisted breeding. The Pc53 gene was placed on the linkage group Mrg08 at 82.4 cM using F5-derived recombinant inbred lines (RILs) from a cross between the Pc53 carrier 6-112-1-15 (PI 311624) and the susceptible cultivar Otana. The map location was validated using RILs from a cross between 6-112-1-15 and the Pc50 differential line. Single nucleotide polymorphism marker GMI_ES02_c14533_567 was the closest to Pc53. A major seedling resistance gene 'PcKM' and QTL QcC.Core.08.1, QCr.Core.08.2, QCr.Core.08.3 and QCr.cdl9-12D were previously reported on Mrg08. QPc.Core.08.1 and PcKM were mapped to within 1 cM of Pc53; but previous virulence studies have indicated separate identities. The chromosomal location of Pc53 and SNPs linked with it will facilitate the utilization of Pc53 in oat breeding programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Belayneh Admassu-Yimer
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) Research Participant, Small Grains and Potato Germplasm Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Aberdeen, Idaho, United States of America
| | - J. Michael Bonman
- Small Grains and Potato Germplasm Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Aberdeen, Idaho, United States of America
| | - Kathy Esvelt Klos
- Small Grains and Potato Germplasm Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Aberdeen, Idaho, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Ghosh S, Watson A, Gonzalez-Navarro OE, Ramirez-Gonzalez RH, Yanes L, Mendoza-Suárez M, Simmonds J, Wells R, Rayner T, Green P, Hafeez A, Hayta S, Melton RE, Steed A, Sarkar A, Carter J, Perkins L, Lord J, Tester M, Osbourn A, Moscou MJ, Nicholson P, Harwood W, Martin C, Domoney C, Uauy C, Hazard B, Wulff BBH, Hickey LT. Speed breeding in growth chambers and glasshouses for crop breeding and model plant research. Nat Protoc 2018; 13:2944-2963. [PMID: 30446746 DOI: 10.1101/369512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
'Speed breeding' (SB) shortens the breeding cycle and accelerates crop research through rapid generation advancement. SB can be carried out in numerous ways, one of which involves extending the duration of plants' daily exposure to light, combined with early seed harvest, to cycle quickly from seed to seed, thereby reducing the generation times for some long-day (LD) or day-neutral crops. In this protocol, we present glasshouse and growth chamber-based SB approaches with supporting data from experimentation with several crops. We describe the conditions that promote the rapid growth of bread wheat, durum wheat, barley, oat, various Brassica species, chickpea, pea, grass pea, quinoa and Brachypodium distachyon. Points of flexibility within the protocols are highlighted, including how plant density can be increased to efficiently scale up plant numbers for single-seed descent (SSD). In addition, instructions are provided on how to perform SB on a small scale in a benchtop growth cabinet, enabling optimization of parameters at a low cost.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sreya Ghosh
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Amy Watson
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | | | - Luis Yanes
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | | | | | - Rachel Wells
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Tracey Rayner
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Phon Green
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Amber Hafeez
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Sadiye Hayta
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | | | - Andrew Steed
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | | | - Jeremy Carter
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | | | - John Lord
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Mark Tester
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anne Osbourn
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | | | | | - Wendy Harwood
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Cathie Martin
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | | | | | - Brittany Hazard
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | | | - Lee T Hickey
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
De Conti L, Ceretta CA, Tiecher TL, da Silva LOS, Tassinari A, Somavilla LM, Mimmo T, Cesco S, Brunetto G. Growth and chemical changes in the rhizosphere of black oat (Avena strigosa) grown in soils contaminated with copper. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2018; 163:19-27. [PMID: 30031941 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Copper based pesticides are used to protect vineyards from fungal infections. Plants like black oats (Avena strigosa Schreb) can promote chemical changes in the rhizosphere, reducing copper (Cu) bioavailability in contaminated soils. The objective of this study was to evaluate how copper additions would affect growth, morphology and nutrient uptake by black oats and how the plants affect the chemical composition in rhizosphere and bulk soil. The soil was collected in grassland of southern Brazil. The soil was air-dried, adjusted pH and added phosphorus and potassium amendments, and then it was incubated. Three Cu levels were established in the soil with the addition of 0, 40 and 80 mg Cu kg-1. The experimental design consisted of pots containing 8 plants with 10 kg of soil. Rhizosphere (2 kg of soil) and bulk (8 kg of soil) separated by a 30 µm nylon membrane. Black oat plants were grown for 54 days. The soil and solution were chemically characterized throughout cultivation for Cu speciation. At 54 days after emergence, the soil was sampled and proceeded chemical analysis and plants were collected to determine yield dry matter, morphological parameters and nutrient concentration. Black oat plants induce increase of pH and dissolved organic carbon in the rhizosphere. These root-induced processes increase the percentage of complexed chemical species and decrease free Cu+2 in soil solution, decreasing Cu toxicity. However, soil contamination with Cu induces morphological changes and nutritional imbalances. Black oats could thus be planted along with vineyards, for such increasing protect the soil and promote nutrient cycling, as well as reduce the free Cu available fraction due to the root-induced modifications in the rhizosphere.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lessandro De Conti
- Department of Soil Science of the Federal University of Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Carlos A Ceretta
- Department of Soil Science of the Federal University of Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Tadeu L Tiecher
- Department of Soil Science of the Federal University of Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Lincon O S da Silva
- Department of Soil Science of the Federal University of Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Adriele Tassinari
- Department of Soil Science of the Federal University of Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Luiza M Somavilla
- Department of Soil Science of the Federal University of Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Tanja Mimmo
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano, I-39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Stefano Cesco
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano, I-39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Gustavo Brunetto
- Department of Soil Science of the Federal University of Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Zhou Y, Sun D, Quan WL, Ding N, Liu W, Ma WH, Wang XP. Divergence in larval diapause induction between the rice and water-oat populations of the striped stem borer, Chilo suppressalis (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25:29715-29724. [PMID: 30145755 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2930-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Differences in diapause traits can result in the seasonal reproductive isolation of host plant-associated insect populations and thereby facilitate the population divergence. The striped stem borer, Chilo suppressalis, has two host plant-associated populations: rice population and water-oat population. Several studies have found evidence that seasonal reproductive isolation between these populations is at least partially due to interpopulation differences in diapause. However, there still lack unambiguous evidence comparing characteristics of diapause induction for both populations. We compared the photoperiodic response and the age of peak photoperiod sensitivity of these populations and used RNA-Seq to compare the molecular response of diapause induction between populations. The photoperiodic response of the two populations differed at 25 °C; the critical night length of larvae from the rice population was 11 h and 20 min, whereas no obvious critical night length was in those from the water-oat population. In rice population, larvae were most sensitive to photoperiod at 9-12 days of age, whereas in water-oat population, larvae were the most sensitive to photoperiod at 9-10 days of age. The RNA-Seq results indicated that there were several differences in the molecular response of diapause induction and small overlap in differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between populations. Furthermore, GO analysis indicated that both rice and water-oat population's DEGs were significantly enriched in heme and iron binding. Besides, water-oat population's DEGs were significantly enriched in metabolizing nutrients but rice population's DEGs do not. Thus, our results described differences in diapause induction between rice and water-oat populations of C. suppressalis which could affect the timing of diapause and thereby contribute to the seasonal reproductive isolation of these host plant-associated populations. In conclusion, this work suggests that difference in diapause induction could promote the population divergence in insects associated with different host plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhou
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Sun
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Li Quan
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Ding
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Liu
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wei-Hua Ma
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Ping Wang
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Gao W, Zhang Y, Feng Z, Bai Q, He J, Wang Y. Effects of Melatonin on Antioxidant Capacity in Naked Oat Seedlings under Drought Stress. Molecules 2018; 23:E1580. [PMID: 29966243 PMCID: PMC6099629 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23071580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine, MT) is a molecule with pleiotropic effects including antioxidant activity, regulated plant growth, development, and reduced environmental stress in plants. However, only a few studies have analyzed the effect of exogenous MT on drought stress in naked oat seedlings. Therefore, in this study, we studied the effects of exogenous MT on the antioxidant capacity of naked oat under drought stress to understand the possible antioxidant mechanism. The results showed that a pretreatment of 100 μM MT reduced the hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and superoxide anion (O2−•) contents. MT also enhanced superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activities in the leaves of naked oat seedlings under 20% PEG-6000 drought stress. MT upregulated the expression levels of the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) Asmap1 and Aspk11, and the transcription factor (TF) genes (except for NAC), WRKY1, DREB2, and MYB increased in drought with MT pretreatment seedlings when compared with seedlings exposed to drought stress alone. These data indicated that the MT-mediated induction of the antioxidant response may require the activation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and MAPK, followed by triggering a downstream MAPK cascade such as Asmap1 and Aspk11, to regulate the expression of antioxidant-related genes. This study demonstrated that MT could induce the expression of MAPKs and TFs and regulate the expression of downstream stress-responsive genes, thereby increasing the plant’s tolerance. This may provide a new idea for MT modulation in the regulation of plant antioxidant defenses. These results provide a theoretical basis for MT to alleviate drought stress in naked oat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenying Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shannxi Province, Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biothchnology in Western China (Ministry of Education), College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.
| | - Yujing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shannxi Province, Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biothchnology in Western China (Ministry of Education), College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.
| | - Zheng Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shannxi Province, Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biothchnology in Western China (Ministry of Education), College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.
| | - Qingqing Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shannxi Province, Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biothchnology in Western China (Ministry of Education), College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.
| | - Jinjin He
- State Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shannxi Province, Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biothchnology in Western China (Ministry of Education), College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.
| | - Yingjuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shannxi Province, Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biothchnology in Western China (Ministry of Education), College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Вabushkina EA, Belokopytova LV, Zhirnova DF, Shah SK, Kostyakova TV. Climatically driven yield variability of major crops in Khakassia (South Siberia). Int J Biometeorol 2018; 62:939-948. [PMID: 29289995 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-017-1496-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the variability of yield of the three main crop cultures in the Khakassia Republic: spring wheat, spring barley, and oats. In terms of yield values, variability characteristics, and climatic response, the agricultural territory of Khakassia can be divided into three zones: (1) the Northern Zone, where crops yield has a high positive response to the amount of precipitation, May-July, and a moderately negative one to the temperatures of the same period; (2) the Central Zone, where crops yield depends mainly on temperatures; and (3) the Southern Zone, where climate has the least expressed impact on yield. The dominant pattern in the crops yield is caused by water stress during periods of high temperatures and low moisture supply with heat stress as additional reason. Differences between zones are due to combinations of temperature latitudinal gradient, precipitation altitudinal gradient, and the presence of a well-developed hydrological network and the irrigational system as moisture sources in the Central Zone. More detailed analysis shows differences in the climatic sensitivity of crops during phases of their vegetative growth and grain development and, to a lesser extent, during harvesting period. Multifactor linear regression models were constructed to estimate climate- and autocorrelation-induced variability of the crops yield. These models allowed prediction of the possibility of yield decreasing by at least 2-11% in the next decade due to increasing of the regional summer temperatures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena A Вabushkina
- Khakass Technical Institute, Siberian Federal University, 27 Shchetinkina St., Abakan, 655017, Russia.
| | - Liliana V Belokopytova
- Khakass Technical Institute, Siberian Federal University, 27 Shchetinkina St., Abakan, 655017, Russia
| | - Dina F Zhirnova
- Khakass Technical Institute, Siberian Federal University, 27 Shchetinkina St., Abakan, 655017, Russia
| | - Santosh K Shah
- Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeosciences, 53 University Road, Lucknow, 226007, India
| | - Tatiana V Kostyakova
- Khakass Technical Institute, Siberian Federal University, 27 Shchetinkina St., Abakan, 655017, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Nazareno ES, Li F, Smith M, Park RF, Kianian SF, Figueroa M. Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae: a threat to global oat production. Mol Plant Pathol 2018; 19:1047-1060. [PMID: 28846186 PMCID: PMC6638059 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae (Pca) causes crown rust disease in cultivated and wild oat (Avena spp.). The significant yield losses inflicted by this pathogen make crown rust the most devastating disease in the oat industry. Pca is a basidiomycete fungus with an obligate biotrophic lifestyle, and is classified as a typical macrocyclic and heteroecious fungus. The asexual phase in the life cycle of Pca occurs in oat, whereas the sexual phase takes place primarily in Rhamnus species as the alternative host. Epidemics of crown rust happens in areas with warm temperatures (20-25 °C) and high humidity. Infection by the pathogen leads to plant lodging and shrivelled grain of poor quality. Disease symptoms: Infection of susceptible oat varieties gives rise to orange-yellow round to oblong uredinia (pustules) containing newly formed urediniospores. Pustules vary in size and can be larger than 5 mm in length. Infection occurs primarily on the surfaces of leaves, although occasional symptoms develop in the oat leaf sheaths and/or floral structures, such as awns. Symptoms in resistant oat varieties vary from flecks to small pustules, typically accompanied by chlorotic halos and/or necrosis. The pycnial and aecial stages are mostly present in the leaves of Rhamnus species, but occasionally symptoms can also be observed in petioles, young stems and floral structures. Aecial structures display a characteristic hypertrophy and can differ in size, occasionally reaching more than 5 mm in diameter. Taxonomy: Pca belongs to the kingdom Fungi, phylum Basidiomycota, class Pucciniomycetes, order Pucciniales and family Pucciniaceae. Host range: Puccinia coronata sensu lato can infect 290 species of grass hosts. Pca is prevalent in all oat-growing regions and, compared with other cereal rusts, displays a broad telial host range. The most common grass hosts of Pca include cultivated hexaploid oat (Avena sativa) and wild relatives, such as bluejoint grass, perennial ryegrass and fescue. Alternative hosts include several species of Rhamnus, with R. cathartica (common buckthorn) as the most important alternative host in Europe and North America. CONTROL Most crown rust management strategies involve the use of rust-resistant crop varieties and the application of fungicides. The attainment of the durability of resistance against Pca is difficult as it is a highly variable pathogen with a great propensity to overcome the genetic resistance of varieties. Thus, adult plant resistance is often exploited in oat breeding programmes to develop new crown rust-resistant varieties. Useful website: https://www.ars.usda.gov/midwest-area/st-paul-mn/cereal-disease-lab/docs/cereal-rusts/race-surveys/.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric S. Nazareno
- Department of Plant PathologyUniversity of MinnesotaSt. PaulMN 55108USA
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Plant PathologyUniversity of MinnesotaSt. PaulMN 55108USA
| | - Madeleine Smith
- Department of Plant PathologyUniversity of Minnesota‐Northwest Research and Outreach CenterCrookstonMN 56716USA
| | - Robert F. Park
- Plant Breeding InstituteThe University of SydneyNarellanNSW2567Australia
| | - Shahryar F. Kianian
- Cereal Disease Laboratory, US Department of Agriculture‐Agricultural Research ServiceSt. PaulMN 55108USA
| | - Melania Figueroa
- Department of Plant PathologyUniversity of MinnesotaSt. PaulMN 55108USA
- Stakman‐Borlaug Center for Sustainable Plant HealthUniversity of MinnesotaSt. PaulMN 55108USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Akbarabadi A, Ismaili A, Kahrizi D, Nazarian Firouzabadi F. Validation of expression stability of reference genes in response to herbicide stress in wild oat (Avena ludoviciana). Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 2018; 64:113-118. [PMID: 29631693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Weeds are serious problem in crop production and wild oat is a grass weed of economic and agronomic significance. We need to extend our basic knowledge of weeds especially in molecular genetics and gene expression. For study of gene expression by semi-quantitative and quantitative PCR, it is recommended that normalization of reference genes be carried out in order to select the most stable reference gene for a precise gene expression study. The purpose of this research was evaluation of four reference genes in response to treated and untreated (control) by herbicide in two tissues (stem and leaf) of non-target site resistance wild oat (A. ludoviciana). Four candidate reference genes including Actin, Ef1α (elongation factor 1 alpha), GAPDH (glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase) and TBP (TATA-box-binding protein) were used to determine stable reference gene exposed to the herbicide using the statistical methods of NormFinder, BestKeeper and delta-Ct. NormFinder indicated that TBP and Actin genes are the best combination of two genes for normalizing calculations (with a combined gene stability value of 0.012) for qPCR analysis under herbicide stress in different tissues of non-target site resistance wild oat. Based on the statistical results, the Ef1α gene was identified as the unstable reference gene. Totally, according to results of this study, TBP gene is the most stable reference gene and therefore, this gene can be used as a reference gene for future studies of quantitative PCR analysis of herbicide stress-responsive gene expression in wild oat and potentially in other grass weed species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Akbarabadi
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Ahmad Ismaili
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Danial Kahrizi
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Cioccio S, Gopalapillai Y, Dan T, Hale B. Effect of liming on nickel bioavailability and toxicity to oat and soybean grown in field soils containing aged emissions from a nickel refinery. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017; 36:1110-1119. [PMID: 27684576 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Remediation of soils elevated in trace metals so that the soils may provide ecosystems services is typically achieved through pH adjustment or addition of sorbents. The present study aimed to generate higher-tier in situ toxicity data for elevated nickel (Ni) in soils with and without lime addition and to explore the effect of liming on soil chemistry and bioavailability of Ni to plants. A multiyear study of agronomic yield of field-grown oat and soybean occurred in 3 adjacent fields that had received air emissions from a Ni refinery for 66 yr. The soil Ni concentration in the plots ranged between 1300 mg/kg and 4900 mg/kg, and each field was amended with either 50 Mg/ha, 10 Mg/ha, or 0 Mg/ha (or tonnes/ha) of crushed dolomitic limestone. As expected, liming raised the pH of the soils and subsequently reduced the plant availability of Ni. Toxicity thresholds (effective concentrations causing 50% reduction in growth) for limed soils supported the hypothesis that liming reduces toxicity. Relationships were found between relative yield and soil cation exchange capacity and between relative yield and soil pH, corroborating findings of the European Union Risk Assessments and the Metals in Asia studies, respectively. Higher tier ecotoxicity data such as these are a valuable contribution to risk assessment for Ni in soils. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:1110-1119. © 2016 SETAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yamini Gopalapillai
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Beverley Hale
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Abstract
Possibility to make doubled haploids (DHs) from varying crossing populations is a useful tool for enhancing cultivar breeding, and a source of valuable material for genetic research. Oats is reported to be recalcitrant in anther culture with low response and genotype dependency. However, the best recoveries reported have reached up to 30 green regenerants per 100 isolated anthers, which clearly addresses the potential of this technique. In this chapter, one successful oat anther culture protocol is described in detail. Due to the total homozygosity reached in one generation, DH-lines are also an excellent material for genetic mapping. In this chapter, the use of DH-mapping population for marker analyses and linkage mapping is presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elina Kiviharju
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Green Technology, Myllytie 1, Jokioinen, 31600, Finland.
| | - Sirpa Moisander
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Green Technology, Myllytie 1, Jokioinen, 31600, Finland
| | - Pirjo Tanhuanpää
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Green Technology, Myllytie 1, Jokioinen, 31600, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Burgio G, Marchesini E, Reggiani N, Montepaone G, Schiatti P, Sommaggio D. Habitat management of organic vineyard in Northern Italy: the role of cover plants management on arthropod functional biodiversity. Bull Entomol Res 2016; 106:759-768. [PMID: 27312132 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485316000493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The effect of cover plants on arthropod functional biodiversity was investigated in a vineyard in Northern Italy, through a 3-year field experiment. The following six ground cover plants were tested: Sweet Alyssum; Phacelia; Buckwheat; Faba Bean; Vetch and Oat; control. Arthropods were sampled using different techniques, including collection of leaves, vacuum sampling and sweeping net. Ground cover plant management significantly affected arthropod fauna, including beneficial groups providing ecosystem services like biological control against pests. Many beneficial groups were attracted by ground cover treatments in comparison with control, showing an aggregative numerical response in the plots managed with some of the selected plant species. Alyssum, Buckwheat and 'Vetch and Oat' mixture showed attractiveness on some Hymenoptera parasitoid families, which represented 72.3% of the insects collected by sweeping net and 45.7 by vacuum sampling. Phytoseiidae mites showed a significant increase on leaves of the vineyard plots managed with ground covers, in comparison with control, although they did not show any difference among the treatments. In general, the tested ground cover treatments did not increase dangerous Homoptera populations in comparison with control, with the exception of Alyssum. The potential of ground cover plant management in Italian vineyards is discussed: the overall lack of potential negative effects of the plants tested, combined with an aggregative numerical response for many beneficials, seems to show a potential for their use in Northern Italy vineyards.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Burgio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie,DipSA, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna,viale Fanin 42, 40127, BO,Italy
| | - E Marchesini
- AGREA s.r.l.,Via Garibaldi 5/16, 37057,S. Giovanni Lupatoto (VR)-Italy
| | - N Reggiani
- Consorzio Fitosanitario di Modena,via Santi 14, MO,Italy
| | - G Montepaone
- Consorzio Fitosanitario di Modena,via Santi 14, MO,Italy
| | - P Schiatti
- Prober,piazza dei Martiri 1, 40121,Bologna
| | - D Sommaggio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie,DipSA, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna,viale Fanin 42, 40127, BO,Italy
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Fan Y, Ge T, Zheng Y, Li H, Cheng F. Use of mixed solid waste as a soil amendment for saline-sodic soil remediation and oat seedling growth improvement. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2016; 23:21407-21415. [PMID: 27502567 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7360-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Soil salinization has become a worldwide problem that imposes restrictions on crop production and food quality. This study utilizes a soil column experiment to address the potential of using mixed solid waste (vinegar residue, fly ash, and sewage sludge) as soil amendment to ameliorate saline-sodic soil and enhance crop growth. Mixed solid waste with vinegar residue content ranging from 60-90 %, sewage sludge of 8.7-30 %, and fly ash of 1.3-10 % was added to saline-sodic soil (electrical conductivity (EC1:5) = 1.83 dS m-1, sodium adsorption ratio (SAR1:5) = 129.3 (mmolc L-1)1/2, pH = 9.73) at rates of 0 (control), 130, 260, and 650 kg ha-1. Results showed that the application of waste amendment significantly reduced SAR, while increasing soil soluble K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+, at a dose of 650 kg ha-1. The wet stability of macro-aggregates (>1 mm) was improved 90.7-133.7 % when the application rate of amendment was greater than 260 kg ha-1. The application of this amendment significantly reduced soil pH. Germination rates and plant heights of oats were improved with the increasing rate of application. There was a positive correlation between the percentage of vinegar residue and the K/Na ratio in the soil solutions and roots. These findings suggest that applying a mixed waste amendment (vinegar residue, fly ash, and sewage sludge) could be a cost-effective method for the reclamation of saline-sodic soil and the improvement of the growth of salt-tolerant plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Fan
- Research Institute of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Shanxi University, No. 92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, People's Republic of China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization Technology of Coal Waste Resources, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Tian Ge
- Research Institute of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Shanxi University, No. 92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, People's Republic of China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization Technology of Coal Waste Resources, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Yanli Zheng
- Research Institute of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Shanxi University, No. 92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, People's Republic of China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization Technology of Coal Waste Resources, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Hua Li
- Research Institute of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Shanxi University, No. 92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, People's Republic of China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization Technology of Coal Waste Resources, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Fangqin Cheng
- Research Institute of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Shanxi University, No. 92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, People's Republic of China.
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization Technology of Coal Waste Resources, Taiyuan, 030006, China.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Gutierrez-Gonzalez JJ, Garvin DF. Subgenome-specific assembly of vitamin E biosynthesis genes and expression patterns during seed development provide insight into the evolution of oat genome. Plant Biotechnol J 2016; 14:2147-2157. [PMID: 27135276 PMCID: PMC5096403 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/23/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin E is essential for humans and thus must be a component of a healthy diet. Among the cereal grains, hexaploid oats (Avena sativa L.) have high vitamin E content. To date, no gene sequences in the vitamin E biosynthesis pathway have been reported for oats. Using deep sequencing and orthology-guided assembly, coding sequences of genes for each step in vitamin E synthesis in oats were reconstructed, including resolution of the sequences of homeologs. Three homeologs, presumably representing each of the three oat subgenomes, were identified for the main steps of the pathway. Partial sequences, likely representing pseudogenes, were recovered in some instances as well. Pairwise comparisons among homeologs revealed that two of the three putative subgenome-specific homeologs are almost identical for each gene. Synonymous substitution rates indicate the time of divergence of the two more similar subgenomes from the distinct one at 7.9-8.7 MYA, and a divergence between the similar subgenomes from a common ancestor 1.1 MYA. A new proposed evolutionary model for hexaploid oat formation is discussed. Homeolog-specific gene expression was quantified during oat seed development and compared with vitamin E accumulation. Homeolog expression largely appears to be similar for most of genes; however, for some genes, homoeolog-specific transcriptional bias was observed. The expression of HPPD, as well as certain homoeologs of VTE2 and VTE4, is highly correlated with seed vitamin E accumulation. Our findings expand our understanding of oat genome evolution and will assist efforts to modify vitamin E content and composition in oats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - David F Garvin
- USDA-ARS Plant Science Research Unit, St. Paul, MN, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
McKeown M, Schubert M, Marcussen T, Fjellheim S, Preston JC. Evidence for an Early Origin of Vernalization Responsiveness in Temperate Pooideae Grasses. Plant Physiol 2016; 172:416-26. [PMID: 27474116 PMCID: PMC5074605 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.01023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The ability of plants to match their reproductive output with favorable environmental conditions has major consequences both for lifetime fitness and geographic patterns of diversity. In temperate ecosystems, some plant species have evolved the ability to use winter nonfreezing cold (vernalization) as a cue to ready them for spring flowering. However, it is unknown how important the evolution of vernalization responsiveness has been for the colonization and subsequent diversification of taxa within the northern and southern temperate zones. Grasses of subfamily Pooideae, including several important crops, such as wheat (Triticum aestivum), barley (Hordeum vulgare), and oats (Avena sativa), predominate in the northern temperate zone, and it is hypothesized that their radiation was facilitated by the early evolution of vernalization responsiveness. Predictions of this early origin hypothesis are that a response to vernalization is widespread within the subfamily and that the genetic basis of this trait is conserved. To test these predictions, we determined and reconstructed vernalization responsiveness across Pooideae and compared expression of wheat vernalization gene orthologs VERNALIZATION1 (VRN1) and VRN3 in phylogenetically representative taxa under cold and control conditions. Our results demonstrate that vernalization responsive Pooideae species are widespread, suggesting that this trait evolved early in the lineage and that at least part of the vernalization gene network is conserved throughout the subfamily. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the evolution of vernalization responsiveness was important for the initial transition of Pooideae out of the tropics and into the temperate zone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meghan McKeown
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405 (M.M., J.C.P.); andDepartment of Plant Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1430 Ås, Norway (M.S., T.M., S.F.)
| | - Marian Schubert
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405 (M.M., J.C.P.); andDepartment of Plant Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1430 Ås, Norway (M.S., T.M., S.F.)
| | - Thomas Marcussen
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405 (M.M., J.C.P.); andDepartment of Plant Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1430 Ås, Norway (M.S., T.M., S.F.)
| | - Siri Fjellheim
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405 (M.M., J.C.P.); andDepartment of Plant Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1430 Ås, Norway (M.S., T.M., S.F.)
| | - Jill C Preston
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405 (M.M., J.C.P.); andDepartment of Plant Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1430 Ås, Norway (M.S., T.M., S.F.)
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Tiecher TL, Tiecher T, Ceretta CA, Ferreira PAA, Nicoloso FT, Soriani HH, Tassinari A, Paranhos JT, De Conti L, Brunetto G. Physiological and nutritional status of black oat (Avena strigosa Schreb.) grown in soil with interaction of high doses of copper and zinc. Plant Physiol Biochem 2016; 106:253-263. [PMID: 27209215 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2016.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Vineyard sandy acid soils from South Brazil have experienced heavy metal contamination due to replacement of copper (Cu)-based by zinc (Zn)-based products to control foliar diseases. Thus, we evaluate physiological and nutritional status of black oat (Avena strigosa Schreb.), a common interrow crop in vineyards from this region. Soil was collected in a natural field from Santana do Livramento, in Rio Grande do Sul, the southernmost state of Brazil. Black oat was cultivated for 30 days in a greenhouse with application of 0, 30, and 60 mg Cu kg(-1) combined with 0, 15, 30, 60, 120, and 180 mg Zn kg(-1). After the trial period, dry matter accumulation of roots and shoots, Cu and Zn contents in roots and shoots, chlorophyll a fluorescence, photosynthetic pigments and catalase (CAT, EC 1.11.1.6) and peroxidase (POD, EC 1.11.1.7) activity were determined. Cu and Zn toxicity was evidenced by the decrease in plant growth of black oat as well as by the decrease of photochemical efficiency associated with the decrease in photosynthetic pigment content, especially with the highest doses of Cu and Zn. Furthermore, the activity of antioxidant enzymes (CAT and POD) was increased in intermediate doses of Zn, indicating the activation of the antioxidant system, but the stress condition in treatments with high levels of Cu and Zn was not reversed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tadeu L Tiecher
- Departamento de Ciência do Solo da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Tales Tiecher
- Departamento de Ciências Agrárias da Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões, 98400-000, Frederico Westphalen, RS, Brazil
| | - Carlos A Ceretta
- Departamento de Ciência do Solo da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Paulo A A Ferreira
- Departamento de Ciência do Solo da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernando T Nicoloso
- Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Hilda H Soriani
- Departamento de Engenharia Florestal, CESNORS, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 98400-000, Frederico Westphalen, RS, Brazil
| | - Adriele Tassinari
- Departamento de Ciência do Solo da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Juçara Terezinha Paranhos
- Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Lessandro De Conti
- Departamento de Ciência do Solo da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Brunetto
- Departamento de Ciência do Solo da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Bai J, Liu J, Jiao W, Sa R, Zhang N, Jia R. Proteomic analysis of salt-responsive proteins in oat roots (Avena sativa L.). J Sci Food Agric 2016; 96:3867-3875. [PMID: 26689600 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oat is considered as a moderately salt-tolerant crop that could be used to improve saline and alkaline soil. Previous studies have focused on short-term salt stress exposure (0.5-48 h), while molecular mechanisms of salt tolerance in oat remain unclear. RESULTS Long-term salt stress (16 days) increased the levels of superoxide dismutase activity, peroxidase activity, malondialdehyde content, putrescine content, spermidine content and soluble sugar content and reduced catalase activity in oat roots. The stress also caused changes in protein profiles in the roots. At least 1400 reproducible protein spots were identified in a two-dimensional electrophoresis gel, among which 23 were differentially expressed between treated vs control plants and 13 were identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. CONCLUSION These differentially expressed proteins are involved in five types of biological process: (1) two fructose-bisphosphate aldolases, four alcohol dehydrogenases, an enolase, a UDP-glucuronic acid decarboxylase and an F1-ATPase alpha subunit related to carbohydrate and energy metabolism; (2) a choline monooxygenase related to stress and defense; (3) a lipase related to fat metabolism; (4) a polyubiquitin related to protein degradation; (5) a 14-3-3 protein related to signaling. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianhui Bai
- Science Innovation Team of Oats, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 010019 Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Jinghui Liu
- Science Innovation Team of Oats, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 010019 Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Weihong Jiao
- Science Innovation Team of Oats, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 010019 Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Rula Sa
- Science Innovation Team of Oats, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 010019 Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Science Innovation Team of Oats, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 010019 Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Ruizong Jia
- Hawaii Agriculture Research Center, Kunia, HI, 96759 USA
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Brain RA, Hoberg J. Recovery of terrestrial plants in vegetative vigor and seedling emergence tests from exposure to atrazine. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016; 35:1284-96. [PMID: 26530633 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 10/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Ten species of terrestrial plants, including 6 dicotyledonous and 4 monocotyledonous species, were exposed to a direct overspray of atrazine according to US Environmental Protection Agency seedling emergence and vegetative vigor study guidelines and subsequently evaluated for potential recovery. For each species, no-observed-effect rate (NOER), 10% effect rate, 25% effect rate, and 50% effect rate values were calculated (where possible) for a variety of guideline-required endpoints (but focusing on growth rate) for both the standard experimental phase and a recovery phase; and the rates subsequently were compared. For the seedling emergence study, the standard experimental (designated test 1) and recovery (designated test 2) phases encompassed days 0 to 14 and days 14 to 28, respectively. Similarly, for the vegetative vigor study, test 1 and test 2 encompassed days 0 to 21 and days 21 to 42, respectively. Plants were exposed to atrazine at nominal application rates ranging from 1.1 g active ingredient (a.i.)/ha (0.0010 lb a.i./A) to 28,000 g a.i./ha (25 lb a.i./A), depending on the species; the 28,000 g a.i./ha rate is greater than 12 times the maximum application rate of 2250 g a.i./ha (2 lb a.i./A) registered on corn. For seedling emergence, only 2 of 10 species tested, cabbage and tomato, provided clear rate responses in the initial 14 d of exposure (test 1). Based on a comparison of x% effect rate (ERx) and NOER values for growth rates of shoot length and shoot dry weight for days 0 to 14 relative to days 14 to 28, recovery was apparent for cabbage shoot length growth rate and tomato shoot length and shoot dry weight growth rates. Test application rates selected for the remaining 8 species showed either a weak response that did not allow a clear assessment of recovery or no response at all. For the vegetative vigor study, 9 of the 10 species tested provided clear rate responses in test 1 (days 0-21); corn did not demonstrate any herbicidal response up to the highest rate tested, 28,000 g a.i./ha. Based on comparison of day 0 to 21 (test 1) relative to day 21 to 42 (test 2) ERx and NOER values for shoot length, average growth rates indicated that 8 of 9 species clearly demonstrated an increase in 2 or more metrics (cabbage did not demonstrate a response based on shoot length). Clear recovery was also indicated by an increase in ERx and/or NOER values from test 1 to test 2 for shoot dry weight average growth rates for 7 of the 9 species (corn did not show a response, and oat and soybean showed variable responses). Thus, in most species, where initial herbicidal effects were observed, the effects are largely ameliorated over time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard A Brain
- Syngenta Crop Protection LLC., Greensboro, North Carolina, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Li PF, Ma BL, Yan W, Cheng ZG, Li FM, Xiong YC. Plant architecture, plasticity, and adaptation strategies of two oat genotypes under different competition intensities. J Sci Food Agric 2016; 96:1431-1439. [PMID: 25914023 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Revised: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The hypothesis that positive and negative interactions account for adaptive strategies was tested in a controlled study with two oat (Avena sativa) genotypes: 'Manotick' with erect leaves and 'Oa1316-1' with prostrate leaves. An increasing competition pattern was designed by varying the number of seeds planted in each container and the space between containers, thus creating different planting density regimes (i.e. alternative and solid treatments). RESULTS Total biomass of individual plants tended to decrease exponentially with increasing density in both genotypes. Under high density stress, Manotick allocated more biomass to the roots and produced 50% more tillers, leading to more non-productive tillers and lower harvest index in the alternative than in the solid treatment. In contrast, Oa1316-1 allocated more biomass to panicles and stems, and less to the roots, with fewer tillers. CONCLUSIONS With increasing density and strengthening intraspecific competition, Manotick reduced aboveground biomass allocation, leading to lower yield, while Oa1316-1 decreased allocation to the roots, but increased allocation to the panicles under an increasingly competitive environment. These adjustments were mechanically derived from negative and positive interactions, ensuring greater yield in the prostrate type. Our findings provided a novel rationale for a planting strategy based on plant type selections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pu-Fang Li
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Institute of Arid Agroecology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Science and Technology Branch, Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0C6
| | - Bao-Luo Ma
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Science and Technology Branch, Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0C6
| | - Weikai Yan
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Science and Technology Branch, Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0C6
| | - Zheng-Guo Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Institute of Arid Agroecology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Feng-Min Li
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Institute of Arid Agroecology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - You-Cai Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Institute of Arid Agroecology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Cembrowska-Lech D, Kępczyński J. Gibberellin-like effects of KAR1 on dormancy release of Avena fatua caryopses include participation of non-enzymatic antioxidants and cell cycle activation in embryos. Planta 2016; 243:531-48. [PMID: 26526413 PMCID: PMC4722058 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-015-2422-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The induction of dormancy release and germination of Avena fatua caryopses by KAR 1 involves ABA degradation to phaseic acid. Both, KAR 1 and GA 3 , control the AsA-GSH cycle, DNA replication and accumulation of β-tubulin in embryos before caryopses germination. Avena fatua caryopses cannot germinate in darkness at 20 °C because of dormancy, but karrikinolide-1 (KAR1), a compound in plant-derived smoke, and gibberellic acid (GA3) induced an almost complete germination. The radicle protrusion through the coleorhiza was preceded by increased water uptake, rupture of coat, increased embryo size and coleorhiza length as well as coleorhiza protrusion through covering structures. The stimulatory effect of KAR1 was correlated with the reduced content of abscisic acid (ABA) and an increase in phaseic acid (PA) in embryos from caryopses before coleorhiza protrusion. Two non-enzymatic antioxidants, ascorbate (AsA) and reduced glutathione (GSH), did not affect the germination of dormant caryopses, but in the presence of KAR1 or GA3 they only slightly delayed the germination. The stimulatory effect of KAR1 or GA3 on the final germination percentage was markedly antagonized by lycorine, an AsA biosynthesis inhibitor. KAR1 and GA3 applied during caryopses imbibition resulted in increases of AsA, dehydroascorbate (DHA) and GSH, but reduced the embryos' oxidized glutathione (GSSG) content. Furthermore, both KAR1 and GA3 induced an additional ascorbate peroxidase (APX) isoenzyme and increased the glutathione reductase (GR) activity. Both compounds stimulated β-tubulin accumulation in radicle+coleorhiza (RC) and plumule+coleoptile (PC), and enhanced the transition from G1 to S and also from S to G2 phases. The comparison of the effects produced by KAR1 and GA3 shows a similar action; thus the KAR1 effect may not be specific. The study provides new data regarding the mechanism with which KAR1, a representative of a novel class of plant growth regulators, regulates dormancy and germination of caryopses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danuta Cembrowska-Lech
- Department of Plant Physiology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Biology, University of Szczecin, Wąska 13, 71-415, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jan Kępczyński
- Department of Plant Physiology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Biology, University of Szczecin, Wąska 13, 71-415, Szczecin, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Jones AMP, Shukla MR, Sherif SM, Brown PB, Saxena PK. Growth regulating properties of isoprene and isoprenoid-based essential oils. Plant Cell Rep 2016; 35:91-102. [PMID: 26400684 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-015-1870-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Essential oils have growth regulating properties comparable to the well-documented methyl jasmonate and may be involved in localized and/or airborne plant communication. Aromatic plants employ large amounts of resources to produce essential oils. Some essential oils are known to contain compounds with plant growth regulating activities. However, the potential capacity of essential oils as airborne molecules able to modulate plant growth/development has remained uninvestigated. Here, we demonstrate that essential oils from eight taxonomically diverse plants applied in their airborne state inhibited auxin-induced elongation of Pisum sativum hypocotyls and Avena sativa coleoptiles. This response was also observed using five monoterpenes commonly found in essential oils as well as isoprene, the basic building block of terpenes. Upon transfer to ambient conditions, A. sativa coleoptiles resumed elongation, demonstrating an antagonistic relationship rather than toxicity. Inclusion of essential oils, monoterpenes, or isoprene into the headspace of culture vessels induced abnormal cellular growth along hypocotyls of Arabidopsis thaliana. These responses were also elicited by methyl jasmonate (MeJA); however, where methyl jasmonate inhibited root growth essential oils did not. Gene expression studies in A. thaliana also demonstrated differences between the MeJA and isoprenoid responses. This series of experiments clearly demonstrate that essential oils and their isoprenoid components interact with endogenous plant growth regulators when applied directly or as volatile components in the headspace. The similarities between isoprenoid and MeJA responses suggest that they may act in plant defence signalling. While further studies are needed to determine the ecological and evolutionary significance, the results of this study and the specialized anatomy associated with aromatic plants suggest that essential oils may act as airborne signalling molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Maxwell P Jones
- Department of Plant Agriculture, Gosling Research Institute for Plant Preservation, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Mukund R Shukla
- Department of Plant Agriculture, Gosling Research Institute for Plant Preservation, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Sherif M Sherif
- Department of Plant Agriculture, Gosling Research Institute for Plant Preservation, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Damanhour University, Al-Gomhuria St., PO Box 22516, Damanhour, Al-Behira, Egypt
| | - Paula B Brown
- British Columbia Institute of Technology, Burnaby, BC, V5G 3H2, Canada
| | - Praveen K Saxena
- Department of Plant Agriculture, Gosling Research Institute for Plant Preservation, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Niemeyer JC, Moreira-Santos M, Ribeiro R, Rutgers M, Nogueira MA, da Silva EM, Sousa JP. Ecological Risk Assessment of a Metal-Contaminated Area in the Tropics. Tier II: Detailed Assessment. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141772. [PMID: 26528915 PMCID: PMC4631348 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study presents data on the detailed evaluation (tier 2) of a site-specific ecological risk assessment (ssERA) in a former smelter area contaminated with metals (Santo Amaro, Bahia, Brazil). Combining information from three lines of evidence (LoE), chemical (ChemLoE), ecotoxicological (EcotoxLoE) and ecological (EcoLoE), in the Triad approach, integrated risk values were calculated to rank sites and confirm the potential risk disclosed with tier 1. Risk values were calculated for the habitat and for the retention functions in each sampling point. Habitat function included the ChemLoE calculated from total metal concentrations. The EcotoxLoE was based on reproduction tests with terrestrial invertebrates (Folsomia candida, Enchytraeus crypticus, Eisenia andrei), shoot length and plant biomass (Avena sativa, Brassica rapa). For the EcoLoE, ecological parameters (microbial parameters, soil invertebrate community, litter breakdown) were used to derive risk values. Retention function included the ChemLoE, calculated from extractable metal concentrations, and the EcotoxLoE based on eluate tests with aquatic organisms (Daphnia magna reproduction and Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata growth). Results related to the habitat function indicated that the metal residues are sufficient to cause risk to biota, while the low metal levels in extracts and the general lack of toxicity in aquatic tests indicated a high soil retention capacity in most sampling points. Integrated risk of tier 2 showed the same trend of tier 1, suggesting the need to proceed with remediation actions. The high risk levels were related to direct toxicity to organisms and indirect effects, such as failure in the establishment of vegetation and the consequent loss of habitat quality for microorganisms and soil fauna. This study shed some light on the selection of tools for the tier 2 of an ssERA in tropical metal-contaminated sites, focusing on ecological receptors at risk and using available chemical methods, ecological surveys and ecotoxicity tests.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Júlia Carina Niemeyer
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Campus de Curitibanos, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Curitibanos, Santa Catarina, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Matilde Moreira-Santos
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rui Ribeiro
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Michiel Rutgers
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | | | - Eduardo Mendes da Silva
- Instituto de Biologia, Federal University of Bahia, Campus de Ondina, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - José Paulo Sousa
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Papapanagiotou AP, Paresidou MI, Kaloumenos NS, Eleftherohorinos IG. ACCase mutations in Avena sterilis populations and their impact on plant fitness. Pestic Biochem Physiol 2015; 123:40-48. [PMID: 26267051 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2015.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Revised: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Avena sterilis (sterile oat) populations originating from wheat-growing regions of Greece, developed resistance to fenoxaprop, clodinafop and other herbicides. The partial ACCase gene sequence revealed six point mutations (Ile-1781-Leu, Trp-1999-Cys, Trp-2027-Cys, Ile-2041-Asn, Asp-2078-Gly, and Cys-2088-Arg) in 24 out of the 26 resistant (R) populations, confirming the molecular mechanism of resistance to ACCase-inhibiting herbicides. However, DNA sequence of two R populations did not reveal any known ACCase mutations, suggesting possible presence of unknown mutation or metabolism-based mechanism of resistance. The Cys-2088-Arg mutation is the first record for ACCase mutant conferring target-site resistance in A. sterilis worldwide. The evaluation of 12 R and 6 susceptible (S) populations under non-competitive field conditions did not indicate consistent mean growth rate differences, whereas the pot evaluation of the same (12 R and 6 S) populations grown in competition with wheat or in pure stands showed significant growth (fresh weight and panicle number) differences between six S populations and between six R populations containing the same ACCase mutation (Ile-2041-Asn). Finally, one S and five R (Trp-1999-Cys, Trp-2027-Cys, Ile-2041-Asn, Asp-2078-Gly, and Cys-2088-Arg) populations grown under field competitive conditions indicated fresh weight and panicle number differences in competition with other populations as compared with pure stands. These findings suggest clearly that the inconsistent fitness differences between R and S A. sterilis populations are not related with the ACCase resistance trait but they may result from other non-resistance fitness traits selected in their different geographical locations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aristeidis P Papapanagiotou
- Department of Agricultural Technology, School of Agricultural Technology and Food and Nutrition Technology, Technological Educational Institute of Western Greece, 272 00 Amaliada, Greece
| | - Maria I Paresidou
- Laboratory of Agronomy, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nikolaos S Kaloumenos
- Syngenta Crop Protection UK Ltd., Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berks, UK
| | - Ilias G Eleftherohorinos
- Laboratory of Agronomy, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Ahuja N, Singh HP, Batish DR, Kohli RK. Eugenol-inhibited root growth in Avena fatua involves ROS-mediated oxidative damage. Pestic Biochem Physiol 2015; 118:64-70. [PMID: 25752432 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2014.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2014] [Revised: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/29/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Plant essential oils and their constituent monoterpenes are widely known plant growth retardants but their mechanism of action is not well understood. We explored the mechanism of phytotoxicity of eugenol, a monoterpenoid alcohol, proposed as a natural herbicide. Eugenol (100-1000 µM) retarded the germination of Avena fatua and strongly inhibited its root growth compared to the coleoptile growth. We further investigated the underlying physiological and biochemical alterations leading to the root growth inhibition. Eugenol induced the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) leading to oxidative stress and membrane damage in the root tissue. ROS generation measured in terms of hydrogen peroxide, superoxide anion and hydroxyl radical content increased significantly in the range of 24 to 144, 21 to 91, 46 to 173% over the control at 100 to 1000 µM eugenol, respectively. The disruption in membrane integrity was indicated by 25 to 125% increase in malondialdehyde (lipid peroxidation byproduct), and decreased conjugated diene content (~10 to 41%). The electrolyte leakage suggesting membrane damage increased both under light as well as dark conditions measured over a period from 0 to 30 h. In defense to the oxidative damage due to eugenol, a significant upregulation in the ROS-scavenging antioxidant enzyme machinery was observed. The activities of superoxide dismutases, catalases, ascorbate peroxidases, guaiacol peroxidases and glutathione reductases were elevated by ~1.5 to 2.8, 2 to 4.3, 1.9 to 5.0, 1.4 to 3.9, 2.5 to 5.5 times, respectively, in response to 100 to 1000 µM eugenol. The study concludes that eugenol inhibits early root growth through ROS-mediated oxidative damage, despite an activation of the antioxidant enzyme machinery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nitina Ahuja
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Rolletschek H, Fuchs J, Friedel S, Börner A, Todt H, Jakob PM, Borisjuk L. A novel noninvasive procedure for high-throughput screening of major seed traits. Plant Biotechnol J 2015; 13:188-199. [PMID: 25201084 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Revised: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/27/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The large numbers of samples processed in breeding and biodiversity programmes require the development of efficient methods for the nondestructive evaluation of basic seed properties. Near-infrared spectroscopy is the state-of-the-art solution for this analytical demand, but it also has some limitations. Here, we present a novel, rapid, accurate procedure based on time domain-nuclear magnetic resonance (TD-NMR), designed to simultaneously quantify a number of basic seed traits without any seed destruction. Using a low-field, benchtop (1) H-NMR instrument, the procedure gives a high-accuracy measurement of oil content (R(2) = 0.98), carbohydrate content (R(2) = 0.99), water content (R(2) = 0.98) and both fresh and dry weight of seeds/grains (R(2) = 0.99). The method requires a minimum of ~20 mg biomass per sample and thus enables to screen individual, intact seeds. When combined with an automated sample delivery system, a throughput of ~1400 samples per day is achievable. The procedure has been trialled as a proof of concept on cereal grains (collection of ~3000 accessions of Avena spp. curated at the IPK genebank). A mathematical multitrait selection approach has been designed to simplify the selection of outlying (most contrasting) accessions. To provide deeper insights into storage oil topology, some oat accessions were further analysed by three-dimensional seed modelling and lipid imaging. We conclude that the novel TD-NMR-based screening tool opens perspectives for breeding and plant biology in general.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hardy Rolletschek
- Leibniz-Institut für Pflanzengenetik und Kulturpflanzenforschung (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Luo Q, Wen L. The role of climatic variables in winter cereal yields: a retrospective analysis. Int J Biometeorol 2015; 59:181-192. [PMID: 24763659 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-014-0834-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Revised: 04/05/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the effects of observed climate including [CO2] on winter cereal [winter wheat (Triticum aestivum), barley (Hordeum vulgare) and oat (Avena sativa)] yields by adopting robust statistical analysis/modelling approaches (i.e. autoregressive fractionally integrated moving average, generalised addition model) based on long time series of historical climate data and cereal yield data at three locations (Moree, Dubbo and Wagga Wagga) in New South Wales, Australia. Research results show that (1) growing season rainfall was significantly, positively and non-linearly correlated with crop yield at all locations considered; (2) [CO2] was significantly, positively and non-linearly correlated with crop yields in all cases except wheat and barley yields at Wagga Wagga; (3) growing season maximum temperature was significantly, negatively and non-linearly correlated with crop yields at Dubbo and Moree (except for barley); and (4) radiation was only significantly correlated with oat yield at Wagga Wagga. This information will help to identify appropriate management adaptation options in dealing with the risk and in taking the opportunities of climate change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qunying Luo
- University of Technology, Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia,
| | | |
Collapse
|