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Serrano JA, Pérez P, Daza P, Huertas G, Yúfera A. Predictive Cell Culture Time Evolution Based on Electric Models. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:668. [PMID: 37367033 DOI: 10.3390/bios13060668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Obtaining cell concentration measurements from a culture assay by using bioimpedance is a very useful method that can be used to translate impedances to cell concentration values. The purpose of this study was to find a method to obtain the cell concentration values of a given cell culture assay in real time by using an oscillator as the measurement circuit. From a basic cell-electrode model, enhanced models of a cell culture immersed in a saline solution (culture medium) were derived. These models were used as part of a fitting routine to estimate the cell concentration in a cell culture in real time by using the oscillation frequency and amplitude delivered by the measurement circuits proposed by previous authors. Using real experimental data (the frequency and amplitude of oscillations) that were obtained by connecting the cell culture to an oscillator as the load, the fitting routine was simulated, and real-time data of the cell concentration were obtained. These results were compared to concentration data that were obtained by using traditional optical methods for counting. In addition, the error that we obtained was divided and analyzed in two parts: the first part of the experiment (when the few cells were adapting to the culture medium) and the second part of the experiment (when the cells exponentially grew until they completely covered the well). Low error values were obtained during the growth phase of the cell culture (the relevant phase); therefore, the results obtained were considered promising and show that the fitting routine is valid and that the cell concentration can be measured in real time by using an oscillator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Alfonso Serrano
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Sevilla (IMSE-CSIC), Av. Americo Vespuccio 24, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Pablo Pérez
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Sevilla (IMSE-CSIC), Av. Americo Vespuccio 24, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
- Departamento de Tecnología Electrónica, ETSII, Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Reina Mercedes sn, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Paula Daza
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Reina Mercedes sn, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Gloria Huertas
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Sevilla (IMSE-CSIC), Av. Americo Vespuccio 24, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
- Departamento de Electrónica y Electromagnetismo, Facultad de Física, Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Reina Mercedes sn, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Alberto Yúfera
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Sevilla (IMSE-CSIC), Av. Americo Vespuccio 24, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
- Departamento de Tecnología Electrónica, ETSII, Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Reina Mercedes sn, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
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Pérez P, Serrano-Viseas JA, Fernández-Scagliusi S, Martín-Fernández D, Huertas G, Yúfera A. Oscillation-Based Spectroscopy for Cell-Culture Monitorization. FRONTIERS IN ELECTRONICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/felec.2022.836669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological Impedance is a physical property related to the state and inherent evolution of biological samples. Among the existing impedance measurement methods, Oscillation-Based (OB) tests are a simple and smart solution to indirectly measure impedance correlated with the amplitude and frequency of the generated oscillation which are proportional to the sample under test. An OB test requires tuning of the system blocks to specifications derived from every measurement problem. The OB setup must be done to obtain the optimum measurement sensitivity for the specific constraints imposed by the system under test, electronic interfaces, and electrodes employed for test. This work proposes the extension of OB measurement systems to spectroscopy test, enabling a completely new range of applications for this technology without the restrictions imposed by setting a fixed frequency on the electrical oscillator. Some examples will be presented to the measurement of cell cultures samples, considering the corresponding circuit interfaces and electric models for the electrode-cell system. The proposed analysis method allows the selection of the best oscillator elements for optimum sensitivity range in amplitude and frequency oscillation values, when a specific cell culture is monitored for the OB system.
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Hordyjewska A, Prendecka-Wróbel M, Kurach Ł, Horecka A, Olszewska A, Pigoń-Zając D, Małecka-Massalska T, Kurzepa J. Antiproliferative Properties of Triterpenoids by ECIS Method—A New Promising Approach in Anticancer Studies? Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27103150. [PMID: 35630627 PMCID: PMC9146930 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Electric cell–substrate impedance sensing is an advanced in vitro impedance measuring system which uses alternating current to determine behavior of cells in physiological conditions. In this study, we used the abovementioned method for checking the anticancer activities of betulin and betulinic acid, which are some of the most commonly found triterpenes in nature. In our experiment, the threshold concentrations of betulin required to elicit antiproliferative effects, verified by MTT and LDH release methods, were 7.8 µM for breast cancer (T47D), 9.5 µM for lung carcinoma (A549), and 21.3 µM for normal epithelial cells (Vero). The ECIS results revealed the great potential of betulin and betulinic acid’s antitumor properties and their maintenance of cytotoxic substances to the breast cancer T47D line. Moreover, both substances showed a negligible toxic effect on healthy epithelial cells (Vero). Our investigation showed that the ECIS method is a proper alternative to the currently used assay for testing in vitro anticancer activity of compounds, and that it should thus be introduced in cellular routine research. It is also a valuable tool for live-monitoring changes in the morphology and physiology of cells, which translates into the accurate development of anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Hordyjewska
- Chair and Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, 4A Chodzki Str., 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (A.H.); (A.H.); (J.K.)
| | - Monika Prendecka-Wróbel
- Chair and Department of Human Physiology, Medical University of Lublin, 11 Radziwiłłowska Str., 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (M.P.-W.); (A.O.); (D.P.-Z.); (T.M.-M.)
| | - Łukasz Kurach
- Independent Laboratory of Behavioral Studies, Medical University of Lublin, 4A Chodzki Str., 20-093 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-814486196
| | - Anna Horecka
- Chair and Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, 4A Chodzki Str., 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (A.H.); (A.H.); (J.K.)
| | - Anna Olszewska
- Chair and Department of Human Physiology, Medical University of Lublin, 11 Radziwiłłowska Str., 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (M.P.-W.); (A.O.); (D.P.-Z.); (T.M.-M.)
| | - Dominika Pigoń-Zając
- Chair and Department of Human Physiology, Medical University of Lublin, 11 Radziwiłłowska Str., 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (M.P.-W.); (A.O.); (D.P.-Z.); (T.M.-M.)
| | - Teresa Małecka-Massalska
- Chair and Department of Human Physiology, Medical University of Lublin, 11 Radziwiłłowska Str., 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (M.P.-W.); (A.O.); (D.P.-Z.); (T.M.-M.)
| | - Jacek Kurzepa
- Chair and Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, 4A Chodzki Str., 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (A.H.); (A.H.); (J.K.)
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Pérez P, Serrano JA, Martín ME, Daza P, Huertas G, Yúfera A. A computer-aided design tool for biomedical OBT sensor tuning in cell-culture assays. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2021; 200:105840. [PMID: 33218705 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2020.105840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The biomedical engineering must frequently develop sensor designs by including information from performance of bio-samples (cell cultures or tissues), technical specifications of transducers, and constrains from electronic circuits. A computer program for real-time cell culture monitoring system design is developed; analyzing, modelling and integrating into the program design flow the electrodes, cell culture and test circuit's influences. METHODS The computer tool, first, generates an equivalent electric circuit model for the cell-electrode bio-systems based on the area covered by cells, which also considers the cell culture dynamics. Second, proposes an Oscillation Based Test (OBT) parameterized circuit, for Electrical Cell-Substrate Sensing (ECIS) measurements of the cell culture system bioimpedance. Third, simulates electrically the full system to define the best system parameter values for the sensor. RESULTS Reported experimental results are based on commercial gold electrodes and the AA8 cell line. Characteristics of the cell lines, as time-division or cell size, are incorporated into the program design flow, showing that for a given assay, the optimal OBT circuit parameters can be selected with the help of the computer tool. The electrical simulations of the full system demonstrate that the can be correctly predicted the output frequency and amplitude ranges of the voltage response, obtaining accurate results when cell culture approaches to confluence phase. CONCLUSION It is proposed a computer program for system design of biosensors applied to monitoring cell culture dynamics. The program allows obtaining confident system information by electrical stimulation. All system components (electrodes, cell culture and test circuits) are properly modelled. The employed procedure can be applied to any other 2D electrode layout or alternative circuit technique for ECIS test. Finally, deep insight information on cell size, number, and time-division can be extracted from the comparison with real cell culture assays in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Pérez
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Sevilla (IMSE-CSIC), Av. Americo Vespuccio 24, 41092 Sevilla, Spain; Departamento de Tecnología Electrónica, ETSII, Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Reina Mercedes sn, 41012, Sevilla, Spain
| | - J A Serrano
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Sevilla (IMSE-CSIC), Av. Americo Vespuccio 24, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - M E Martín
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Reina Mercedes sn, 41012, Sevilla, Spain
| | - P Daza
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Reina Mercedes sn, 41012, Sevilla, Spain
| | - G Huertas
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Sevilla (IMSE-CSIC), Av. Americo Vespuccio 24, 41092 Sevilla, Spain; Departamento de Electrónica y Electromagnetismo, Facultad de Física, Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Reina Mercedes sn, 41012, Sevilla, Spain
| | - A Yúfera
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Sevilla (IMSE-CSIC), Av. Americo Vespuccio 24, 41092 Sevilla, Spain; Departamento de Tecnología Electrónica, ETSII, Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Reina Mercedes sn, 41012, Sevilla, Spain.
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Olmo A, Hernández M, Chicardi E, Torres Y. Characterization and Monitoring of Titanium Bone Implants with Impedance Spectroscopy. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20164358. [PMID: 32764276 PMCID: PMC7472105 DOI: 10.3390/s20164358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Porous titanium is a metallic biomaterial with good properties for the clinical repair of cortical bone tissue, although the presence of pores can compromise its mechanical behavior and clinical use. It is therefore necessary to characterize the implant pore size and distribution in a suitable way. In this work, we explore the new use of electrical impedance spectroscopy for the characterization and monitoring of titanium bone implants. Electrical impedance spectroscopy has been used as a non-invasive route to characterize the volumetric porosity percentage (30%, 40%, 50% and 60%) and the range of pore size (100–200 and 355–500 mm) of porous titanium samples obtained with the space-holder technique. Impedance spectroscopy is proved to be an appropriate technique to characterize the level of porosity of the titanium samples and pore size, in an affordable and non-invasive way. The technique could also be used in smart implants to detect changes in the service life of the material, such as the appearance of fractures, the adhesion of osteoblasts and bacteria, or the formation of bone tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Olmo
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Sevilla, IMSE-CNM (CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla), Av. Américo Vespucio, sn, 41092 Sevilla, Spain;
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Informática, Departamento de Tecnología Electrónica, Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Reina Mercedes sn, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-09-5455-4325
| | - Miguel Hernández
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Sevilla, IMSE-CNM (CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla), Av. Américo Vespucio, sn, 41092 Sevilla, Spain;
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Informática, Departamento de Tecnología Electrónica, Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Reina Mercedes sn, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ernesto Chicardi
- Departamento de Ingeniería y Ciencia de los Materiales y del Transporte, Escuela Superior de Ingenieros, Universidad de Sevilla, 41092 Sevilla, Spain;
| | - Yadir Torres
- Departamento de Ingeniería y Ciencia de los Materiales y del Transporte, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Calle Virgen de África, 7, 41011 Sevilla, Spain;
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Olmo A, Yuste Y, Serrano JA, Maldonado-Jacobi A, Pérez P, Huertas G, Pereira S, Yufera A, de la Portilla F. Electrical Modeling of the Growth and Differentiation of Skeletal Myoblasts Cell Cultures for Tissue Engineering. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20113152. [PMID: 32498394 PMCID: PMC7309147 DOI: 10.3390/s20113152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In tissue engineering, of utmost importance is the control of tissue formation, in order to form tissue constructs of clinical relevance. In this work, we present the use of an impedance spectroscopy technique for the real-time measurement of the dielectric properties of skeletal myoblast cell cultures. The processes involved in the growth and differentiation of these cell cultures in skeletal muscle are studied. A circuit based on the oscillation-based test technique was used, avoiding the use of high-performance circuitry or external input signals. The effect of electrical pulse stimulation applied to cell cultures was also studied. The technique proved useful for monitoring in real-time the processes of cell growth and estimating the fill factor of muscular stem cells. Impedance spectroscopy was also useful to study the real-time monitoring of cell differentiation, obtaining different oscillation amplitude levels for differentiated and undifferentiated cell cultures. Finally, an electrical model was implemented to better understand the physical properties of the cell culture and control the tissue formation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Olmo
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Sevilla, IMSE, CNM (CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla), Av. Américo Vespucio, sn 41092 Sevilla, Spain; (J.A.S.); (A.M.-J.); (P.P.); (G.H.); (A.Y.)
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Informática, Departamento de Tecnología Electrónica, Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Reina Mercedes, sn 41012 Sevilla, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-954-55-43-25
| | - Yaiza Yuste
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Campus Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Avda. Manuel Siurot, s/n 41013, Sevilla, Spain; (Y.Y.); (S.P.); (F.d.l.P.)
| | - Juan Alfonso Serrano
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Sevilla, IMSE, CNM (CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla), Av. Américo Vespucio, sn 41092 Sevilla, Spain; (J.A.S.); (A.M.-J.); (P.P.); (G.H.); (A.Y.)
| | - Andres Maldonado-Jacobi
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Sevilla, IMSE, CNM (CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla), Av. Américo Vespucio, sn 41092 Sevilla, Spain; (J.A.S.); (A.M.-J.); (P.P.); (G.H.); (A.Y.)
| | - Pablo Pérez
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Sevilla, IMSE, CNM (CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla), Av. Américo Vespucio, sn 41092 Sevilla, Spain; (J.A.S.); (A.M.-J.); (P.P.); (G.H.); (A.Y.)
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Informática, Departamento de Tecnología Electrónica, Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Reina Mercedes, sn 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Gloria Huertas
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Sevilla, IMSE, CNM (CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla), Av. Américo Vespucio, sn 41092 Sevilla, Spain; (J.A.S.); (A.M.-J.); (P.P.); (G.H.); (A.Y.)
- Facultad de Física, Departamento de Electrónica y Electromagnetismo, Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Reina Mercedes, sn 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Sheila Pereira
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Campus Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Avda. Manuel Siurot, s/n 41013, Sevilla, Spain; (Y.Y.); (S.P.); (F.d.l.P.)
| | - Alberto Yufera
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Sevilla, IMSE, CNM (CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla), Av. Américo Vespucio, sn 41092 Sevilla, Spain; (J.A.S.); (A.M.-J.); (P.P.); (G.H.); (A.Y.)
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Informática, Departamento de Tecnología Electrónica, Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Reina Mercedes, sn 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Fernando de la Portilla
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Campus Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Avda. Manuel Siurot, s/n 41013, Sevilla, Spain; (Y.Y.); (S.P.); (F.d.l.P.)
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Data-Analytics Modeling of Electrical Impedance Measurements for Cell Culture Monitoring. SENSORS 2019; 19:s19214639. [PMID: 31731413 PMCID: PMC6864697 DOI: 10.3390/s19214639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
High-throughput data analysis challenges in laboratory automation and lab-on-a-chip devices' applications are continuously increasing. In cell culture monitoring, specifically, the electrical cell-substrate impedance sensing technique (ECIS), has been extensively used for a wide variety of applications. One of the main drawbacks of ECIS is the need for implementing complex electrical models to decode the electrical performance of the full system composed by the electrodes, medium, and cells. In this work we present a new approach for the analysis of data and the prediction of a specific biological parameter, the fill-factor of a cell culture, based on a polynomial regression, data-analytic model. The method was successfully applied to a specific ECIS circuit and two different cell cultures, N2A (a mouse neuroblastoma cell line) and myoblasts. The data-analytic modeling approach can be used in the decoding of electrical impedance measurements of different cell lines, provided a representative volume of data from the cell culture growth is available, sorting out the difficulties traditionally found in the implementation of electrical models. This can be of particular importance for the design of control algorithms for cell cultures in tissue engineering protocols, and labs-on-a-chip and wearable devices applications.
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