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Vähä-Ypyä H, Husu P, Sievänen H, Vasankari T. Measurement of Sedentary Behavior-The Outcomes of the Angle for Posture Estimation (APE) Method. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:2241. [PMID: 38610452 PMCID: PMC11014150 DOI: 10.3390/s24072241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Hip-worn accelerometers are commonly used to assess habitual physical activity, but their accuracy in precisely measuring sedentary behavior (SB) is generally considered low. The angle for postural estimation (APE) method has shown promising accuracy in SB measurement. This method relies on the constant nature of Earth's gravity and the assumption that walking posture is typically upright. This study investigated how cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and body mass index (BMI) are related to APE output. A total of 3475 participants with adequate accelerometer wear time were categorized into three groups according to CRF or BMI. Participants in low CRF and high BMI groups spent more time in reclining and lying postures (APE ≥ 30°) and less time in sitting and standing postures (APE < 30°) than the other groups. Furthermore, the strongest partial Spearman correlation with CRF (r = 0.284) and BMI (r = -0.320) was observed for APE values typical for standing. The findings underscore the utility of the APE method in studying associations between SB and health outcomes. Importantly, this study emphasizes the necessity of reserving the term "sedentary behavior" for studies wherein the classification of SB is based on both intensity and posture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henri Vähä-Ypyä
- The UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, 33500 Tampere, Finland; (P.H.); (H.S.); (T.V.)
| | - Pauliina Husu
- The UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, 33500 Tampere, Finland; (P.H.); (H.S.); (T.V.)
| | - Harri Sievänen
- The UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, 33500 Tampere, Finland; (P.H.); (H.S.); (T.V.)
| | - Tommi Vasankari
- The UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, 33500 Tampere, Finland; (P.H.); (H.S.); (T.V.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33014 Tampere, Finland
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Vasankari S, Mahlamäki V, Hartikainen J, Vasankari V, Tokola K, Vähä-Ypyä H, Anttila V, Husu P, Sievänen H, Vasankari T, Halonen J. Elective Cardiac Procedure Patients Have Low Preoperative Cardiorespiratory Fitness. Int J Sports Med 2024; 45:63-70. [PMID: 37640058 PMCID: PMC10776211 DOI: 10.1055/a-2161-4137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Preoperative cardiorespiratory fitness may influence the recovery after cardiac procedure. The aim of this study was to investigate the cardiorespiratory fitness of patients scheduled for elective cardiac procedures, using a six-minute walk test, and compare the results with a population-based sample of Finnish adults. Patients (n=234) awaiting percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary angiography, coronary artery bypass grafting, aortic valve replacement or mitral valve surgery performed the six-minute walk test. VO2max was calculated based on the walk test. The patients were compared to a population-based sample of 60-69-year-old Finnish adults from the FinFit2017 study. The mean six-minute walk test distances (meters) and VO2max (ml/kg/min) of the patient groups were: 452±73 and 24.3±6.9 (coronary artery bypass grafting), 499±84 and 27.6±7.2 (aortic valve replacement), 496±85 and 27.4±7.3 (mitral valve surgery), and 519±90 and 27.3±6.9 (percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary angiography). The population-based sample had significantly greater walk test distance (623±81) and VO2max (31.7±6.1) than the four patient groups (all p-values<0.001). All patient groups had lower cardiorespiratory fitness than the reference population of 60-69-year-old Finnish adults. Particularly the coronary artery bypass grafting group had a low cardiorespiratory fitness, and therefore might be prone to complications and challenging rehabilitation after the operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sini Vasankari
- Clinical Medicine, University of Turku Faculty of Medicine, Turku,
Finland
| | - Visa Mahlamäki
- Heart Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Juha Hartikainen
- Heart Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland – Kuopio
Campus, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ville Vasankari
- Neurosurgery, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki,
Finland
| | - Kari Tokola
- UKK Institute, UKK Institute, Tampere, Finland
| | | | - Vesa Anttila
- Heart Center, TYKS Turku University Hospital, Turku,
Finland
| | | | | | - Tommi Vasankari
- UKK Institute, UKK Institute, Tampere, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere,
Finland
| | - Jari Halonen
- Heart Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland – Kuopio
Campus, Kuopio, Finland
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Vähä-Ypyä H, Husu P, Vasankari T, Sievänen H. Floating Epoch Length Improves the Accuracy of Accelerometry-Based Estimation of Coincident Oxygen Consumption. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 24:76. [PMID: 38202938 PMCID: PMC10780720 DOI: 10.3390/s24010076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Estimation of oxygen consumption (VO2) from accelerometer data is typically based on prediction equations developed in laboratory settings using steadily paced and controlled test activities. These equations may not capture the temporary changes in VO2 occurring in sporadic real-life physical activity. In this study, we introduced a novel floating epoch for accelerometer data analysis and hypothesized that an adaptive epoch length provides a more consistent estimation of VO2 in irregular activity conditions than a 6 s constant epoch. Two different activity tests were conducted: a progressive constant-speed test (CS) performed on a track and a 6 min back-and-forth walk test including accelerations and decelerations (AC/DC) performed as fast as possible. Twenty-nine adults performed the CS test, and sixty-one performed the AC/DC test. The data were collected using hip-worn accelerometers and a portable metabolic gas analyzer. General linear models were employed to create the prediction models for VO2 that were cross-validated using both data sets and epoch types as training and validation sets. The prediction equations based on the CS test or AC/DC test and 6 s epoch had excellent performance (R2 = 89%) for the CS test but poor performance for the AC/DC test (31%). Only the VO2 prediction equation based on the AC/DC test and the floating epoch had good performance (78%) for both tests. The overall accuracy of VO2 prediction is compromised with the constant length epoch, whereas the prediction model based on irregular acceleration data analyzed with a floating epoch provided consistent performance for both activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henri Vähä-Ypyä
- The UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, 33500 Tampere, Finland; (H.V.-Y.); (P.H.); (T.V.)
| | - Pauliina Husu
- The UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, 33500 Tampere, Finland; (H.V.-Y.); (P.H.); (T.V.)
| | - Tommi Vasankari
- The UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, 33500 Tampere, Finland; (H.V.-Y.); (P.H.); (T.V.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Harri Sievänen
- The UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, 33500 Tampere, Finland; (H.V.-Y.); (P.H.); (T.V.)
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Aaltonen S, Urjansson M, Varjonen A, Vähä-Ypyä H, Iso-Markku P, Kaartinen S, Vasankari T, Kujala UM, Silventoinen K, Kaprio J, Vuoksimaa E. Accelerometer-measured physical activity and sedentary behavior in nonagenarians: Associations with self-reported physical activity, anthropometric, sociodemographic, health and cognitive characteristics. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0294817. [PMID: 38055660 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research on device-based physical activity in the oldest-old adults is scarce. We examined accelerometer-measured physical activity and sedentary behavior in nonagenarians. We also investigated how the accelerometer characteristics associate with nonagenarians' self-reported physical activity, anthropometric, sociodemographic, health and cognitive characteristics. METHODS Nonagenarians from a population-based cohort study (N = 38, mean age 91.2) used accelerometers during the waking hours for seven days. They also participated in a health survey and cognitive telephone interview. The Wald test and Pearson and polyserial correlations were used to analyze the data. RESULTS The participants' average day consisted of 2931 steps, 11 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and 13.6 hours of sedentary time. Physical activity bouts less than 3 minutes per day and sedentary time bouts of 20-60 minutes per day were the most common. No sex differences were found. Many accelerometer-measured and self-reported physical activity characteristics correlated positively (correlations ≥0.34, p-values <0.05). The low levels of many accelerometer-measured physical activity characteristics associated with low education (correlations ≥0.25, p-values <0.05), dizziness (correlations ≤-0.42, p-values <0.01) and fear of falling (correlations ≤-0.45, p-values <0.01). Fear of falling was also associated with accelerometer-measured sedentary behavior characteristics (correlations -0.42 or ≥0.43). CONCLUSIONS Nonagenarians were mostly sedentary and low in physical activity, but individual variability existed. Accelerometer-measured and self-reported physical activity had a good consistency. Education, dizziness and fear of falling were consistently related to accelerometer-measured characteristics in nonagenarians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sari Aaltonen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mia Urjansson
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anni Varjonen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Henri Vähä-Ypyä
- UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland
| | - Paula Iso-Markku
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- HUS Diagnostic Center, Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sara Kaartinen
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, HUS Hyvinkää Hospital, Hyvinkää, Finland
| | - Tommi Vasankari
- UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Urho M Kujala
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | | | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eero Vuoksimaa
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Fridolfsson J, Arvidsson D, Ekblom-Bak E, Ekblom Ö, Bergström G, Börjesson M. Accelerometer-measured absolute versus relative physical activity intensity: cross-sectional associations with cardiometabolic health in midlife. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:2322. [PMID: 37996871 PMCID: PMC10668340 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17281-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Observational studies investigating the association between accelerometer-measured physical activity and health all use absolute measures of physical activity intensity. However, intervention studies suggest that the physical activity intensity required to improve health is relative to individual fitness. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between accelerometer-measured absolute and relative physical activity intensity and cardiometabolic health, and what implications these associations may have on the interpretation of health-associated physical activity. METHODS A sample of the cross-sectional Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study (SCAPIS) consisting of 4,234 men and women aged 55-64 years was studied. Physical activity intensity was measured by accelerometry and expressed as absolute (e.g., metabolic equivalents of task) or relative (percentage of maximal oxygen consumption). Fitness was estimated by the submaximal Ekblom-Bak test. A composite ('metabolic syndrome') score combined measures of waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, and glycated hemoglobin. Associations of absolute and relative physical activity intensity with the health indicators (i.e., fitness and metabolic syndrome score) were studied by partial least squares regression. Analyses were stratified by fitness level. RESULTS Both absolute and relative physical activity intensity associated with the health indicators. However, the strongest associations for absolute intensity varied depending on fitness levels, whereas the associations for relative intensity were more synchronized across fitness groups. The dose-response relationship between moderate-to-vigorous intensity and the health indicators was stronger for relative than for absolute intensity. The absolute and relative moderate-to-vigorous intensity cut-offs intersected at the 5th fitness percentile, indicating that the absolute intensity cut-off is too low for 95% of individuals in this sample. While 99% of individuals fulfilled the general physical activity recommendations based on absolute intensity measures, only 21% fulfilled the recommendations based on relative intensity measures. In relation to a "sufficient" fitness level, 9% fulfilled the recommendations. CONCLUSIONS Accelerometer-measured relative physical activity intensity represents the intensity related to health benefits regardless of fitness level. Traditional absolute moderate intensity accelerometer cut-offs are too low for most individuals and should be adapted to the fitness level in the sample studied. Absolute and relative physical activity intensity cannot be used interchangeably.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonatan Fridolfsson
- Center for Health and Performance, Department of Food and Nutrition and Sport Science, Faculty of Education, University of Gothenburg, Box 300, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Daniel Arvidsson
- Center for Health and Performance, Department of Food and Nutrition and Sport Science, Faculty of Education, University of Gothenburg, Box 300, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Elin Ekblom-Bak
- Department of Physical Activity and Health, Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Örjan Ekblom
- Department of Physical Activity and Health, Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Göran Bergström
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mats Börjesson
- Center for Lifestyle Intervention, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Rowlands AV, Orme MW, Maylor B, Kingsnorth A, Herring L, Khunti K, Davies M, Yates T. Can quantifying the relative intensity of a person's free-living physical activity predict how they respond to a physical activity intervention? Findings from the PACES RCT. Br J Sports Med 2023; 57:1428-1434. [PMID: 37586780 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2023-106953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine whether quantifying both the absolute and relative intensity of accelerometer-assessed physical activity (PA) can inform PA interventions. We hypothesised that individuals whose free-living PA is at a low relative intensity are more likely to increase PA in response to an intervention, as they have spare physical capacity. METHOD We conducted a secondary data analysis of a 12-month randomised controlled trial, Physical Activity after Cardiac EventS, which was designed to increase PA but showed no improvement. Participants (N=239, 86% male; age 66.4 (9.7); control N=126, intervention N=113) wore accelerometers for 7 days and performed the incremental shuttle walk test (ISWT) at baseline and 12 months. PA intensity was expressed in absolute terms (intensity gradient) and relative to acceleration at maximal physical capacity (predicted from an individual's maximal ISWT walking speed). PA outcomes were volume and absolute intensity gradient. RESULTS At baseline, ISWT performance was positively correlated with PA volume (r=0.50, p<0.001) and absolute intensity (r=0.50, p<0.001), but negatively correlated with relative intensity (r=-0.13, p=0.025). Relative intensity of PA at baseline moderated the change in absolute intensity (p=0.017), but not volume, of PA postintervention. Low relative intensity at baseline was associated with increased absolute intensity gradient (+0.5 SD), while high relative intensity at baseline was associated with decreased absolute intensity gradient (-0.5 SD). CONCLUSION Those with low relative intensity of PA were more likely to increase their absolute PA intensity gradient in response to an intervention. Quantifying absolute and relative PA intensity of PA could improve enables personalisation of interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex V Rowlands
- Assessment of Movement Behaviours (AMBer) Group, Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust and the University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Mark W Orme
- Assessment of Movement Behaviours (AMBer) Group, Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust and the University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Ben Maylor
- Assessment of Movement Behaviours (AMBer) Group, Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust and the University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Andrew Kingsnorth
- Assessment of Movement Behaviours (AMBer) Group, Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust and the University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Louisa Herring
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust and the University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Kamlesh Khunti
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Leicester Real World Evidence Unit, Dabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- NIHR Applied Research Collaboration - East Midlands (ARC-EM), Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Melanie Davies
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust and the University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Tom Yates
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust and the University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
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Vähä-Ypyä H, Husu P, Sievänen H, Vasankari T. What Can One Minute of the Day Tell about Physical Activity? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6852. [PMID: 37835123 PMCID: PMC10572772 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20196852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
High cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) allows individuals to perform daily activities and operate at a higher intensity level. This study investigates the connection between the CRF and peak intensity of physical activity (PA) in absolute and relative terms. A total of 3587 participants (1447 men, 51.9 ± 13.0 years; 2140 women, 50.0 ± 13.0 years) provided substantial accelerometer wear time, and their CRF was estimated via the 6 min walking test. Participants were divided into CRF thirds by age group and sex. Daily one-minute peak intensities were captured in both absolute terms and relative to individual CRF levels. In absolute terms, the highest CRF third had the highest intensity value for men (6.4 ± 1.7 MET; 5.9 ± 1.4 MET; 5.3 ± 1.0 MET) and for women (6.4 ± 1.6 MET; 5.9 ± 1.3 MET; 5.4 ± 1.1 MET). In relative terms, the highest CRF third utilized the least aerobic capacity for men (49 ± 14%; 51 ± 13%; 56 ± 14%) and for women (52 ± 13%; 54 ± 12%; 62 ± 15%). One minute of daily activity offers valuable insights into an individual's CRF and the effort demanded during PA. Fitter individuals can sustain higher PA intensity levels in absolute terms, whereas individuals with lower CRF utilize a greater fraction of their aerobic capacity. Consequently, heightened CRF not only allows for enhanced intensity levels but also safeguards against strenuous PA during daily routines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henri Vähä-Ypyä
- UKK-Institute, 33500 Tampere, Finland; (P.H.); (H.S.); (T.V.)
| | - Pauliina Husu
- UKK-Institute, 33500 Tampere, Finland; (P.H.); (H.S.); (T.V.)
| | - Harri Sievänen
- UKK-Institute, 33500 Tampere, Finland; (P.H.); (H.S.); (T.V.)
| | - Tommi Vasankari
- UKK-Institute, 33500 Tampere, Finland; (P.H.); (H.S.); (T.V.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33014 Tampere, Finland
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8
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Meh K, Sember V, Sorić M, Vähä-Ypyä H, Rocha P, Jurak G. The dilemma of physical activity questionnaires: Fitter people are less prone to over reporting. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0285357. [PMID: 37647304 PMCID: PMC10468079 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical activity questionnaires (PAQs) are a popular method of monitoring physical activity, although their validity is usually low. Descriptions of physical activity levels in questionnaires usually rely on physical responses to physical activity. Therefore, we hypothesised that the validity of PAQs would be higher in the more physically fit group of participants. To test this, we conducted a validation study with 179 adults whom we divided into three fitness groups based on their cardiovascular fitness and age. Participants were measured for one week using the UKK RM42 accelerometer and self-reported their physical activity using IPAQ-SF, GPAQ, and EHIS-PAQ. We analysed the differences between fitness groups in terms of validity for each PAQ using ANOVA. We also performed an equivalence testing to compare the data obtained with the PAQs and the accelerometers. The results showed a significant trend toward higher validity for moderate to vigorous physical activity from the low to high fitness group as assessed by GPAQ and IPAQ-SF (low, intermediate and high fitness group: 0.06-0.21; 0.26-0.29; 0.40, respectively). The equivalence testing showed that all fitness groups overestimated their physical activity and underestimated their sedentary behaviour, with the high fitness group overestimating their physical activity the least. However, EHIS-PAQ was found to agree best with accelerometer data in assessing moderate to vigorous physical activity, regardless of fitness group, and had a validity greater than 0.4 for all fitness groups. In conclusion, we confirmed that when using PAQs describing physical responses to physical activity, participants' fitness should be considered in the interpretation, especially when comparing results internationally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaja Meh
- Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Vedrana Sember
- Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maroje Sorić
- Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Paulo Rocha
- Portuguese Institute of Sport and Youth, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Gregor Jurak
- Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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9
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Vähä-Ypyä H, Bretterhofer J, Husu P, Windhaber J, Vasankari T, Titze S, Sievänen H. Performance of Different Accelerometry-Based Metrics to Estimate Oxygen Consumption during Track and Treadmill Locomotion over a Wide Intensity Range. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:s23115073. [PMID: 37299803 DOI: 10.3390/s23115073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Accelerometer data can be used to estimate incident oxygen consumption (VO2) during physical activity. Relationships between the accelerometer metrics and VO2 are typically determined using specific walking or running protocols on a track or treadmill. In this study, we compared the predictive performance of three different metrics based on the mean amplitude deviation (MAD) of the raw three-dimensional acceleration signal during maximal tests performed on a track or treadmill. A total of 53 healthy adult volunteers participated in the study, 29 performed the track test and 24 the treadmill test. During the tests, the data were collected using hip-worn triaxial accelerometers and metabolic gas analyzers. Data from both tests were pooled for primary statistical analysis. For typical walking speeds at VO2 less than 25 mL/kg/min, accelerometer metrics accounted for 71-86% of the variation in VO2. For typical running speeds starting from VO2 of 25 mL/kg/min up to over 60 mL/kg/min, 32-69% of the variation in VO2 could be explained, while the test type had an independent effect on the results, except for the conventional MAD metrics. The MAD metric is the best predictor of VO2 during walking, but the poorest during running. Depending on the intensity of locomotion, the choice of proper accelerometer metrics and test type may affect the validity of the prediction of incident VO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henri Vähä-Ypyä
- The UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, 33500 Tampere, Finland
| | - Jakob Bretterhofer
- Institute of Human Movement Science, Sport and Health, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Pauliina Husu
- The UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, 33500 Tampere, Finland
| | - Jana Windhaber
- Sports Medicine Performance and Movement Analysis, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Tommi Vasankari
- The UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, 33500 Tampere, Finland
| | - Sylvia Titze
- Institute of Human Movement Science, Sport and Health, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Harri Sievänen
- The UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, 33500 Tampere, Finland
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10
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Sjöros T, Laine S, Garthwaite T, Vähä-Ypyä H, Löyttyniemi E, Koivumäki M, Houttu N, Laitinen K, Kalliokoski KK, Sievänen H, Vasankari T, Knuuti J, Heinonen IHA. Reducing Sedentary Time and Whole-Body Insulin Sensitivity in Metabolic Syndrome: A 6-Month Randomized Controlled Trial. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2023; 55:342-353. [PMID: 36251378 PMCID: PMC9924963 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate whether a reduction in daily sedentary behavior (SB) improves insulin sensitivity in adults with metabolic syndrome in 6 months, without adding intentional exercise training. METHODS Sixty-four sedentary inactive middle-age adults with overweight and metabolic syndrome (mean (SD) age, 58 (7) yr; mean (SD) body mass index, 31.6 (4.3) kg·m -2 ; 27 men) were randomized into intervention and control groups. The 6-month individualized behavioral intervention supported by an interactive accelerometer and a mobile application aimed at reducing daily SB by 1 h compared with baseline. Insulin sensitivity by hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp, body composition by air displacement plethysmography, and fasting blood samples were analyzed before and after the intervention. SB and physical activity were measured with hip-worn accelerometers throughout the intervention. RESULTS SB decreased by 40 (95% confidence interval, 17-65) min·d -1 , and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity increased by 20 (95% confidence interval, 11-28) min·d -1 on average in the intervention group with no significant changes in these outcomes in the control group. After 6 months, fasting plasma insulin decreased (~1 mU·L -1 ) in the intervention group compared with the control group (time-group, P = 0.0081), but insulin sensitivity did not change in either group. The changes in body mass or adiposity did not differ between groups. Among all participants, the changes in SB and body mass correlated inversely with the change in insulin sensitivity ( r = -0.31, -0.44; P = 0.025, 0.0005, respectively). CONCLUSIONS An intervention aimed at reducing daily SB resulted in slightly decreased fasting insulin, but had no effects on insulin sensitivity or body adiposity. However, as the change in insulin sensitivity associated with the changes in SB and body mass, multifaceted interventions targeting to weight loss are likely to be beneficial in improving whole-body insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Sjöros
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, FINLAND
| | - Saara Laine
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, FINLAND
| | - Taru Garthwaite
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, FINLAND
| | - Henri Vähä-Ypyä
- The UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, FINLAND
| | | | - Mikko Koivumäki
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, FINLAND
| | - Noora Houttu
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, FINLAND
| | - Kirsi Laitinen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, FINLAND
| | - Kari K Kalliokoski
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, FINLAND
| | - Harri Sievänen
- The UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, FINLAND
| | | | - Juhani Knuuti
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, FINLAND
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11
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Wang R, Ekblom MM, Arvidsson D, Fridolfsson J, Börjesson M, Ekblom Ö. The interrelationship between physical activity intensity, cardiorespiratory fitness, and executive function in middle-aged adults: An observational study of office workers. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1035521. [PMID: 36438224 PMCID: PMC9682261 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1035521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous evidence supports a beneficial effect of physical activity on executive function across the whole lifespan. Yet, the interrelationships of the intensities of physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, and executive function require further investigation in adults. Aim Using unfiltered accelerometry data and high-resolution intensity classification, we sought to estimate the associations of physical activity with cardiorespiratory fitness and executive function in adult office workers. Methods We included 343 full-time office workers (mean age: 42.41 years, range of age: 36-49 years). Executive function was assessed using Stroop, Trail making tests (part-B), and 2-back tests, and a composite score was produced to reflect the general executive function performance. Physical activity was assessed using the Actigraph GT3X+-monitor, worn by each participant for seven days at the hip. Raw accelerometry data were processed by the 10 Hz frequency extended method and divided into 22 intensity bins and sleep time. Cardiorespiratory fitness was estimated using the submaximal Ekblom-Bak cycle ergometer test. Data were analyzed using partial least squares regressions. Results In adults, cardiorespiratory fitness was closely correlated with a wide range of absolute physical activity intensity patterns. A higher level of executive function in adults was associated with both higher absolute physical activity intensities and cardiorespiratory fitness, which was independent of age, sex, and education levels. A very weak association between intensities, fitness, and executive function was observed in high-fit adults. Among low-fit adults, although a positive association started already toward the upper end of moderate intensity, there still appeared to be an association between intensities, cardiorespiratory fitness, and executive function. That is, cardiorespiratory fitness may mediate the association between absolute physical activity intensities and executive function up to a certain level. Conclusion The maintenance of executive function in adulthood was related to both physical activity intensities and cardiorespiratory fitness, while their interrelationship was not equal across fitness levels. It is highly recommended to consider the cardiorespiratory fitness level in future studies that focus on executive functions in aging as well when designing individualized physical activity training programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- Department of Physical Activity and Health, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden,Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden,Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States,*Correspondence: Rui Wang
| | - Maria M. Ekblom
- Department of Physical Activity and Health, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden,The Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden
| | - Daniel Arvidsson
- Center for Health and Performance, Department of Food and Nutrition, and Sport Science, Faculty of Education, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jonatan Fridolfsson
- Center for Health and Performance, Department of Food and Nutrition, and Sport Science, Faculty of Education, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mats Börjesson
- Center for Health and Performance, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden,Sahlgrenska University Hospital/Östra, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Örjan Ekblom
- Department of Physical Activity and Health, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
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12
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Vähä-Ypyä H, Sievänen H, Husu P, Tokola K, Mänttäri A, Heinonen OJ, Heiskanen J, Kaikkonen KM, Savonen K, Kokko S, Vasankari T. How adherence to the updated physical activity guidelines should be assessed with accelerometer? Eur J Public Health 2022; 32:i50-i55. [PMID: 36031824 PMCID: PMC9421411 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckac078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aerobic part of the recently updated physical activity (PA) guidelines for adults recommends at least 150 min of moderate or at least 75 of vigorous-intensity PA or an equivalent combination of both. PA can be accumulated of any bout duration. On an absolute scale, moderate-intensity threshold is 3 metabolic equivalents (METs) and vigorous 6 METs. On a scale relative to individual’s personal capacity, moderate-intensity threshold is 40% and vigorous 60% of the oxygen uptake reserve. In this study, the adherence to the new guidelines was evaluated using both absolute and relative thresholds. Methods Totally, 1645 adults aged 20–64 years, participated in this population-based study and their cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) was estimated with 6-min walking test. The participants with estimated maximal oxygen uptake <7.9 MET were categorized as low CRF group and the others as adequate CRF group. The participants were instructed to wear a triaxial hip-worn accelerometer for 1 week and their adherence to PA guidelines was assessed from the accelerometer data. Results The adequate CRF group had higher adherence to PA guidelines with the absolute thresholds, but the use of relative thresholds inverted the results. The adherence varied from 20% to 99% in the total sample depending on the analysis parameters of accelerometer data. Conclusions The absolute thresholds provide a more appropriate basis to assess the adherence to PA guidelines in population-based samples and interventions. The use of individually determined relative thresholds may be more useful for individual exercise prescriptions in PA counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henri Vähä-Ypyä
- The UKK-Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland
| | - Harri Sievänen
- The UKK-Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland
| | - Pauliina Husu
- The UKK-Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland
| | - Kari Tokola
- The UKK-Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland
| | - Ari Mänttäri
- The UKK-Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland
| | | | - Jarmo Heiskanen
- LIKES Research Centre for Physical Activity and Health, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | | | - Kai Savonen
- Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland.,Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sami Kokko
- University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Tommi Vasankari
- The UKK-Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland.,Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Military medicine, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
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13
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Kolu P, Raitanen J, Sievänen H, Tokola K, Vähä-Ypyä H, Nieminen E, Vasankari T. Cardiorespiratory fitness is associated with sickness absence and work ability. Occup Med (Lond) 2022; 72:478-485. [PMID: 35960163 PMCID: PMC9578675 DOI: 10.1093/occmed/kqac070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Physical activity may sustain the physical aspect of work ability despite health problems such as musculoskeletal disorders and anxiety, which are the most prevalent work-related health problem in Europe. Aims To evaluate the association of Finnish municipal workers’ accelerometer-measured physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness with their sickness absence levels, perceived work ability and health-related quality of life. Methods In connection with a randomized controlled trial recruiting 185 municipal workers, the authors performed baseline data analysis utilizing quantile regression to examine relationships between the outcome variables (all-cause sickness absence for 6 months, perceived work ability and health-related quality of life) and cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular fitness, and physical activity, and sedentary behaviour. All results were adjusted for age, sex and education level. Results The median duration of all-cause sickness absence over the preceding 6 months was lowest among participants with high cardiorespiratory fitness relative to the lowest tertile (2.0 versus 6.0 days; P < 0.05), and the highest perceived work ability was found among those with high or moderate cardiorespiratory fitness as compared to the lowest tertile (8.0 versus 7.0; P < 0.001). Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity correlated positively with the physical component of health-related quality of life (P < 0.01) and with a high cardiorespiratory-fitness level (P < 0.05). Conclusions High cardiorespiratory fitness was associated with decreased all-cause sickness absence days and improved work ability among municipal workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Kolu
- UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland
| | - J Raitanen
- UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland.,Faculty of Social Sciences (Health Sciences) of Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - H Sievänen
- UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland
| | - K Tokola
- UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland
| | - H Vähä-Ypyä
- UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland
| | - E Nieminen
- Management of Human Resources, City of Nokia, Nokia, Finland
| | - T Vasankari
- UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland.,Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology of Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
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14
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Toivo K, Vähä-Ypyä H, Kannus P, Tokola K, Alanko L, Heinonen OJ, Korpelainen R, Parkkari J, Savonen K, Selänne H, Kokko S, Kujala UM, Villberg J, Vasankari T. Physical activity measured by accelerometry among adolescents participating in sports clubs and non-participating peers. Eur J Sport Sci 2022:1-9. [PMID: 35861140 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2022.2103740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe purpose of this descriptive cross-sectional study is to describe the amount and intensity of physical activity (PA) measured by accelerometry among adolescents participating in organized sports (SCP) and age-matched non-participating peers (NP). SCPs (332) and NPs (139) wore an accelerometer on the hip for 7 days. PA was reported using the 1 min exponential moving average. The current moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) recommendation of at least an average of 60 minutes of MVPA daily was reached by 85% of SCPs and 45% of NPs (p < 0.001). During training days, the MVPA times among SCPs ranged from 153 ± 39 min in males and 109 ± 35 min in females participating in basketball to 113 ± 33 min in males participating in floorball and 83 ± 32 min in females participating in gymnastics. -Sports participation contributes rather strongly to the accumulation of the recommended amount of MVPA. During training days SCPs, except for females participating in gymnastics, accumulated more MVPA than NPs. During non-training days only males participating in cross country skiing and females participating in track and field accumulated more MVPA than NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Toivo
- Tampere Research Center of Sports Medicine, Tampere, Finland.,UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland
| | - H Vähä-Ypyä
- UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland
| | - P Kannus
- UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland
| | - K Tokola
- UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland
| | - L Alanko
- Clinic for Sports and Exercise Medicine, Helsinki, Finland.,Central Finland Hospital, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - O J Heinonen
- Paavo Nurmi Centre & Unit of Health and Physical Activity, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - R Korpelainen
- Oulu Deaconess Institute Foundation sr., Department of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Oulu, Finland.,University of Oulu, Center for Life Course Health Research, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center, University of Oulu and University Hospital of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - J Parkkari
- Tampere Research Center of Sports Medicine, Tampere, Finland.,UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland.,Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - K Savonen
- Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - H Selänne
- Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä
| | - S Kokko
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - U M Kujala
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - J Villberg
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - T Vasankari
- UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland.,Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Finland
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15
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Effects of reduced sedentary time on cardiometabolic health in adults with metabolic syndrome: A three-month randomized controlled trial. J Sci Med Sport 2022; 25:579-585. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2022.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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16
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Do Fitter Children Better Assess Their Physical Activity with Questionnaire Than Less Fit Children? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19031304. [PMID: 35162327 PMCID: PMC8835444 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Most physical activity (PA) questionnaires assess moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) describing the physical exertion of individuals that might be influenced by their physical fitness. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine whether fitter children could better assess their PA with the questionnaire than less fit children. The cross-sectional validation study was conducted with 108 children (60 girls) aged 11 to 14 years, who were divided into three fitness groups based on the results of the 600 m running test. To answer the research question, the agreement between their assessment of PA using the SHAPES questionnaire and the UKK RM42 accelerometer data was analysed. One quarter of the participants achieved at least 60 min of MVPA each day, measured by accelerometer. The average MVPA obtained was 97.8 ± 35.6 min per day, with the high fitness group having a significantly higher value compared with the other groups. Moderate to high validity coefficients were found in the high fitness group (Spearman’s ρ range 0.34–0.70). In contrast, the lower fitness groups had poor to moderate validity for all variables (Spearman’s ρ range 0.03–0.42). These results suggest that the fittest children self-assess their PA with the questionnaire better than less fit children, which may advance new directions for the development and evaluation of PA questionnaires and their usability.
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17
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Measurement of Physical Fitness and 24/7 Physical Activity, Standing, Sedentary Behavior, and Time in Bed in Working-Age Finns: Study Protocol for FINFIT 2021. Methods Protoc 2022; 5:mps5010007. [PMID: 35076569 PMCID: PMC8788421 DOI: 10.3390/mps5010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Population studies gathering measured data on fitness and physical behavior, covering physical activity, standing, sedentary behavior, and time in bed, are scarce. This article describes the protocol of the FINFIT 2021 study that measures fitness and physical behavior in a population-based sample of adults and analyzes their associations and dose–response relationships with several health indicators. Methods: The study comprises a stratified random sample of 20–69-year-old men and women (n = 16,500) from seven city-centered regions in Finland. Physical behavior is measured 24/7 by tri-axial accelerometry and analyzed with validated MAD-APE algorithms. Health and fitness examinations include fasting blood samples, measurements of blood pressure, anthropometry, and health-related fitness. Domains of health, functioning, well-being, and socio-demographics are assessed by a questionnaire. The data are being collected between September 2021 and February 2022. Discussion: The study provides population data on physical fitness and physical behavior 24/7. Physical behavior patterns by intensity and duration on an hour-by-hour basis will be provided. In the future, the baseline data will be assessed against prospective register-based data on incident diseases, healthcare utilization, sickness absence, premature retirement, and death. A similar study will be conducted every fourth year with a new random population sample.
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18
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Meh K, Sember V, Đurić S, Vähä-Ypyä H, Rocha P, Jurak G. Reliability and Validity of Slovenian Versions of IPAQ-SF, GPAQ, and EHIS-PAQ for Assessing Physical Activity and Sedentarism of Adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 19:430. [PMID: 35010686 PMCID: PMC8744779 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19010430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Health policies rely on physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior data collected through PA questionnaires (PAQs). Validity of international PAQs varies among countries. Therefore, it is important to know the validity of the national versions of the PAQs to properly evaluate the results. We conducted a validation study of the Slovenian versions of the International PAQ Short Form (IPAQ-SF), the Global PAQ (GPAQ), and the PAQ used in the European Health Interview Survey (EHIS-PAQ) on 306 healthy adults. The most valid and reliable constructs in all tested were sedentary behavior and vigorous PA (VPA), however the criterion validity of these constructs was low (Spearman's ρ 0.38-0.45 for sedentary behavior and 0.34-0.42 for VPA). Moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) had low validity (0.26-0.29) despite being used as a standard measure of PA behavior. Participants over-reported MVPA for 17 to 156 min and underreported the sedentary behavior for more than two hours. The test-retest study found high reliability for sedentary behavior (0.69-0.81) and low to moderate reliability for PA behavior (0.42-0.76). The Slovenian versions of the observed PAQs are a useful tool for national PA surveillance, but for qualitative assessment of individual health-related PA behavior they should be combined with accelerometer-based devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaja Meh
- Faculty of Sports, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (V.S.); (G.J.)
| | - Vedrana Sember
- Faculty of Sports, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (V.S.); (G.J.)
| | - Saša Đurić
- Liberal Arts Department, General Education, American University of the Middle East, Egaila 54200, Kuwait;
| | | | - Paulo Rocha
- Portuguese Institute of Sport and Youth, 1250-190 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Gregor Jurak
- Faculty of Sports, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (V.S.); (G.J.)
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