An Empirical Investigation and Conceptual Model of Perceptions, Support, and Barriers to Marketing in Social Enterprises in Bangladesh

Spatial and temporal characteristics, spatial clustering and governance strategies for regional development of social enterprises in China

Social enterprises are a powerful starting point for achieving Common Prosperity. Expanding the scale of social enterprises in China is conducive to promoting sustainable social development. This study uses exploratory spatial data analysis methods to systematically analyze the spatio-temporal pattern, clustering characteristics and impact mechanism of the development of social enterprises in provincial administrative regions in China. The research has found that provincial social enterprises in China showed a random distribution pattern from 2015 to 2018, and showed significant negative spatial correlation from 2019 to 2022, forming a local spatial pattern of "low ones consistently low, high ones consistently high", with obvious path and spatial dependencies as well as regional isolation effects; From 2015 to 2022, the core density of provincial social enterprises showed a significant "unipolar" phenomenon, exhibiting significant spatial imbalance. Based on the TOE framework, each province and city can be divided into three clusters: demonstration provinces and cities for the development of social enterprises, starting provinces and cities for social enterprises, and lagging provinces and cities for the development of social enterprises. The first classification presents characteristics of dispersion and cross domain, while the other two categories have strong regional continuity. The core driving factors that affect the spatial differentiation of social enterprise development have regional differences, among which the decisive factor is government policy support, and the interaction factor has an enhanced effect on provincial spatial differentiation compared to a single factor. Sorting out the development characteristics of social enterprises is conducive to promoting the large-scale development of social enterprises and promoting cooperation and dialogue with other countries.

External Support for Elderly Care Social Enterprises in China: A Government-Society-Family Framework of Analysis

As Chinese population ageing becomes increasingly severe, the disjunct between supply and demand for pension services is becoming increasingly serious. The development of elderly care social enterprises plays an important role in solving this disjunction. Such development comes from both the enterprise's own capacity building and from external support. There are abundant studies on the capacity-building of pension social enterprises in the existing literature, but there are relatively few studies on their external support. In order to better study the external support of elderly care social enterprises in China, we adopted the case study method; we selected GY (a typical elderly care social enterprise in China) as a case study according to certain criteria, and we conducted a series of discussions. Firstly, an analytical 'government-society-family' framework was constructed. Second, it was argued that there is insufficient external support for elderly care social enterprises. At the government level, there is a lack of policies, difficulties in implementation and significant geographical differences; at the social level, there are weak support platforms and lack of community supports; and at the family level, there are constraints in regard to traditional concepts and the ability to pay. Finally, an external support system of Chinese elderly care social enterprises was constructed to help more elderly care social enterprises overcome the lack of external support in the development process.

Determinants of the Sustainable Entrepreneurial Engagement of Youth in Developing Country—An Empirical Evidence from Pakistan

The article identifies the motivating factors behind the career preferences of university graduates who chose to engage in sustainable entrepreneurship. In this research, multi-methods—theoretical investigations and qualitative interviews—have been utilized to determine the factors responsible for promoting sustainable entrepreneurship in a developing region. The sample consisted of university graduates who chose to pursue their careers in entrepreneurial activities in Hyderabad, the sixth largest city of Pakistan located in Sindh Province. While determining why young academics choose entrepreneurship as a career choice, entrepreneurial careers are explored as an ongoing process of biographical sequences in which new ways of thinking and communication, new forms of economic and occupational challenges, and necessities as well as ways of success and failure are permanently claimed or raised. Due to these challenges, the youth are confronted with complex social and economic situation to deal with. The study findings provide guidelines on how sustainable entrepreneurship can be developed, engaged, and sustained in the future in developing and under-developed regions.