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Bai J, Zhang M, Shao L, Jones TP, Feng X, Huang M, BéruBé KA. Hemolytic Properties of Fine Particulate Matter (PM 2.5) in In Vitro Systems. TOXICS 2024; 12:246. [PMID: 38668469 PMCID: PMC11054038 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12040246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have suggested that inhalation exposure to particulate matter (PM) air pollution, especially fine particles (i.e., PM2.5 (PM with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 microns or less)), is causally associated with cardiovascular health risks. To explore the toxicological mechanisms behind the observed adverse health effects, the hemolytic activity of PM2.5 samples collected during different pollution levels in Beijing was evaluated. The results demonstrated that the hemolysis of PM2.5 ranged from 1.98% to 7.75% and demonstrated a clear dose-response relationship. The exposure toxicity index (TI) is proposed to represent the toxicity potential of PM2.5, which is calculated by the hemolysis percentage of erythrocytes (red blood cells, RBC) multiplied by the mass concentration of PM2.5. In a pollution episode, as the mass concentration increases, TI first increases and then decreases, that is, TI (low pollution levels) < TI (heavy pollution levels) < TI (medium pollution levels). In order to verify the feasibility of the hemolysis method for PM toxicity detection, the hemolytic properties of PM2.5 were compared with the plasmid scission assay (PSA). The hemolysis results had a significant positive correlation with the DNA damage percentages, indicating that the hemolysis assay is feasible for the detection of PM2.5 toxicity, thus providing more corroborating information regarding the risk to human cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and Safe Mining, College of Geoscience and Surveying Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology, Beijing 100083, China; (J.B.); (X.F.); (M.H.)
| | - Mengyuan Zhang
- Postdoctoral Research Base, School of Resource and Environment, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453000, China
| | - Longyi Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and Safe Mining, College of Geoscience and Surveying Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology, Beijing 100083, China; (J.B.); (X.F.); (M.H.)
| | - Timothy P. Jones
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3YE, UK;
| | - Xiaolei Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and Safe Mining, College of Geoscience and Surveying Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology, Beijing 100083, China; (J.B.); (X.F.); (M.H.)
| | - Man Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and Safe Mining, College of Geoscience and Surveying Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology, Beijing 100083, China; (J.B.); (X.F.); (M.H.)
| | - Kelly A. BéruBé
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK;
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Burdușel AC, Andronescu E. Lipid Nanoparticles and Liposomes for Bone Diseases Treatment. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123158. [PMID: 36551914 PMCID: PMC9775639 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Because of their outstanding biocompatibility, sufficient capacity to control drug release, and passive targeting capability, lipid nanoparticles are one of the world's most widely utilized drug delivery systems. However, numerous disadvantages limit the use of lipid nanoparticles in clinical settings, especially in bone regeneration, such as challenges in transporting, storing, and maintaining drug concentration in the local area. Scaffolds are frequently employed as implants to provide mechanical support to the damaged area or as diagnostic and imaging tools. On the other hand, unmodified scaffolds have limited powers in fostering tissue regeneration and curing illnesses. Liposomes offer a solid foundation for the long-term development of various commercial solutions for the effective drug delivery-assisted treatment of medical conditions. As drug delivery vehicles in medicine, adjuvants in vaccination, signal enhancers/carriers in medical diagnostics and analytical biochemistry, solubilizers for various ingredients as well as support matrices for various ingredients, and penetration enhancers in cosmetics are just a few of the industrial applications for liposomes. This review introduces and discusses the use of lipid nanoparticles and liposomes and the application of lipid nanoparticles and liposome systems based on different active substances in bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra-Cristina Burdușel
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 1–7 Gheorghe Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, Splaiul Independentei 54, 050044 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ecaterina Andronescu
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 1–7 Gheorghe Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, Splaiul Independentei 54, 050044 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence:
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Chetoni P, Burgalassi S, Zucchetti E, Granchi C, Minutolo F, Tampucci S, Monti D. MAGL inhibitor NanoMicellar formulation (MAGL-NanoMicellar) for the development of an antiglaucoma eye drop. Int J Pharm 2022; 625:122078. [PMID: 35932931 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The ocular endocannabinoid system (ECS) including enzymes and CB1/CB2 receptors determines various substantial effects, such as anti-inflammatory activity and reduction of the intraocular pressure (IOP). The modulation of 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) levels obtained via MAGL inhibition is considered as a promising pharmacological strategy to activate the ECS. Within the scope of this study, the effect of a selective monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) inhibitor (MAGL17b) was investigated by measuring the IOP reduction in normotensive rabbits after performing a solubilisation process of the molecule with non-ionic surfactants, to produce suitable eye drops containing the highest possible concentration of the drug. Furthermore, the study involved the evaluation of cytotoxicity and of in vitro/ex vivo corneal permeation of MAG17b of selected formulations based on polyoxyl(35)castor oil (C-EL) and polyethylene glycol (80) sorbitan monolaurate (TW80). The solubilisation of 0.5 mM MAGL17b with 3% w/w TW80 (TW80/3-17b), through the formation of NanoMicellar structures (diameter of 12.3 nm), determined a significant permeation of MAGL17b, both through excised rabbits corneas and reconstituted corneal epithelium, with a limited corneal epithelial cells death. The blockade of MAGL activity induced a IOP reduction up to 4 mmHg in albino and pigmented rabbits after topical instillation, thus confirming the potential efficacy of the MAGL inhibition approach in the treatment of ocular pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Chetoni
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Inter-University Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching & Research (Centro 3R), Pisa, Italy
| | - Susi Burgalassi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Inter-University Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching & Research (Centro 3R), Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Silvia Tampucci
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Inter-University Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching & Research (Centro 3R), Pisa, Italy
| | - Daniela Monti
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Inter-University Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching & Research (Centro 3R), Pisa, Italy
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Feng X, Shao L, Jones T, Li Y, Cao Y, Zhang M, Ge S, Yang CX, Lu J, BéruBé K. Oxidative potential and water-soluble heavy metals of size-segregated airborne particles in haze and non-haze episodes: Impact of the "Comprehensive Action Plan" in China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 814:152774. [PMID: 34986423 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution is a major environmental health challenge in megacities, and as such a Comprehensive Action Plan (CAP) was issued in 2017 for Beijing, the capital city of China. Here we investigated the size-segregated airborne particles collected after the implementation of the CAP, intending to understand the change of oxidative potential and water-soluble heavy metal (WSHM) levels in 'haze' and 'non-haze' days. The DNA damage and the levels of WSHM were analyzed by Plasmid Scission Assay (PSA) and High-Resolution Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (HR-ICP-MS) techniques. The PM mass concentration was higher in the fine particle size (0.43-2.1 μm) during haze days, except for the samples affected by mineral dust. The particle-induced DNA damage caused by fine sized particles (0.43-2.1 μm) exceeded that caused by the coarse sized particles (4.7-10 μm). The DNA damage from haze day particles significantly exceeded those collected on non-haze days. Prior to the instigation of the CAP, the highest value of DNA damage decreased, and DNA damage was seen in the finer size (0.43-1.1 μm). The Pearson correlation coefficient between the concentrations of water-soluble Pb, Cr, Cd and Zn were positively correlated with DNA damage, suggesting that these WSHM had significant oxidative potential. The mass concentrations of water-soluble trace elements (WSTE) and individual heavy metals were enriched in the finer particles between 0.43 μm to 1.1 μm, implying that smaller sized particles posed higher health risks. In contrast, the significant reduction in the mass concentration of water-soluble Cd and Zn, and the decrease of the maximum and average values of DNA damage after the CAP, demonstrated its effectiveness in restricting coal-burning emissions. These results have demonstrated that the Beijing CAP policy has been successful in reducing the toxicity of 'respirable' ambient particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and Safe Mining, and College of Geoscience and Surveying Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Longyi Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and Safe Mining, and College of Geoscience and Surveying Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Tim Jones
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Cardiff University, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, Wales, UK
| | - Yaowei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and Safe Mining, and College of Geoscience and Surveying Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yaxin Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and Safe Mining, and College of Geoscience and Surveying Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Mengyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and Safe Mining, and College of Geoscience and Surveying Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shuoyi Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and Safe Mining, and College of Geoscience and Surveying Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Cheng-Xue Yang
- Institute of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and Safe Mining, and College of Geoscience and Surveying Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Kelly BéruBé
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, Wales, UK
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Chaudhary KR, Puri V, Singh A, Singh C. A review on recent advances in nanomedicines for the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.103069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Durgun ME, Kahraman E, Güngör S, Özsoy Y. Optimization and Characterization of Aqueous Micellar Formulations for Ocular Delivery of an Antifungal Drug, Posaconazole. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:1543-1555. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200313172207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Background:
Topical therapy is preferred for the management of ocular fungal infections due to its
superiorities which include overcoming potential systemic side effects risk of drugs, and targeting of drugs to the
site of disease. However, the optimization of effective ocular formulations has always been a major challenge due
to restrictions of ocular barriers and physiological conditions. Posaconazole, an antifungal and highly lipophilic
agent with broad-spectrum, has been used topically as off-label in the treatment of ocular fungal infections due to
its highly lipophilic character. Micellar carriers have the potential to improve the solubility of lipophilic drugs
and, overcome ocular barriers.
Objective:
In the current study, it was aimed optimization of posaconazole loaded micellar formulations to improve
aqueous solubility of posaconazole and to characterize the formulations and to investigate the physical
stability of these formulations at room temperature (25°C, 60% RH), and accelerated stability (40°C, 75% RH)
conditions.
Method:
Micelles were prepared using a thin-film hydration method. Pre-formulation studies were firstly performed
to optimize polymer/surfactant type and to determine their concentration in the formulations. Then, particle
size, size distribution, and zeta potential of the micellar formulations were measured by ZetaSizer Nano-ZS.
The drug encapsulation efficiency of the micelles was quantified by HPLC. The morphology of the micelles was
depicted by AFM. The stability of optimized micelles was evaluated in terms of particle size, size distribution,
zeta potential, drug amount and pH for 180 days. In vitro release studies were performed using Franz diffusion
cells.
Results:
Pre-formulation studies indicated that single D-ɑ-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate (TPGS), a
combination of it and Pluronic F127/Pluronic F68 are capable of formation of posaconazole loaded micelles at
specific concentrations. Optimized micelles with high encapsulation efficiency were less than 20 nm, approximately
neutral, stable, and in aspherical shape. Additionally, in vitro release data showed that the release of posaconazole
from the micelles was higher than that of suspension.
Conclusion:
The results revealed that the optimized micellar formulation of posaconazole offers a potential approach
for topical ocular administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meltem E. Durgun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Emine Kahraman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sevgi Güngör
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yıldız Özsoy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Toxicological profile of lipid-based nanostructures: are they considered as completely safe nanocarriers? Crit Rev Toxicol 2020; 50:148-176. [PMID: 32053030 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2020.1719974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles are ubiquitous in the environment and are widely used in medical science (e.g. bioimaging, diagnosis, and drug therapy delivery). Due to unique physicochemical properties, they are able to cross many barriers, which is not possible for traditional drugs. Nevertheless, exposure to NPs and their following interactions with organelles and macromolecules can result in negative effects on cells, especially, they can induce cytotoxicity, epigenicity, genotoxicity, and cell death. Lipid-based nanomaterials (LNPs) are one of the most important achievements in drug delivery mainly due to their superior physicochemical and biological characteristics, particularly its safety. Although they are considered as the completely safe nanocarriers in biomedicine, the lipid composition, the surfactant, emulsifier, and stabilizer used in the LNP preparation, and surface electrical charge are important factors that might influence the toxicity of LNPs. According to the author's opinion, their toxicity profile should be evaluated case-by-case regarding the intended applications. Since there is a lack of all-inclusive review on the various aspects of LNPs with an emphasis on toxicological profiles including cyto-genotoxiciy, this comprehensive and critical review is outlined.
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Costamagna F, Hillaireau H, Vergnaud J, Clarisse D, Jamgotchian L, Loreau O, Denis S, Gravel E, Doris E, Fattal E. Nanotoxicology at the particle/micelle frontier: influence of core-polymerization on the intracellular distribution, cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of polydiacetylene micelles. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:2452-2463. [PMID: 31915784 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr08714a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The understanding of the cellular uptake and the intracellular fate of nanoparticles and their subsequent influence on cell viability is challenging as far as micelles are concerned. Such systems are dynamic by nature, existing as unimers under their critical micelle concentration (CMC), and as micelles in equilibrium with unimers above the CMC, making canonical dose-response relationships difficult to establish. The purpose of this study was to investigate the in vitro cytotoxicity and uptake of two micellar sytems that are relevant for drug delivery. The two micelles incorporate a poly(ethylene glycol) coating and a pentacosadiynoic core which is either polymerized (pDA-PEG micelles) or non-polymerized (DA-PEG micelles), with the aim of evaluating the influence of the micelles status ("particle-like" or "dynamic", respectively) on their toxicological profile. Intracellular distribution and cytotoxicity of polymerized and non-polymerized micelles were investigated on RAW 264.7 macrophages in order to compare any different interactions with cells. Non-polymerized micelles showed significantly higher cytotoxicity than polymerized micelles, especially in terms of cell permeabilization, correlated to a higher accumulation in cell membranes. Other potential toxicity endpoints of polymerized micelles were then thoroughly studied in order to assess possible responses resulting from their endocytosis. No specific mechanisms of cytotoxicity were observed, neither in terms of apoptosis induction, cell membrane damage, release of inflammatory mediators nor genotoxicity. These data indicate that non-polymerized micelles accumulate in the cell membrane and induce cell membrane permeabilization, resulting in significant toxicity, whereas polymerized, stable micelles are internalized by cells but exert no or very low toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Costamagna
- Institut Galien Paris-Sud, Univ. Paris-Sud, Cnrs, Université Paris-Saclay, Chatenay-Malabry, France.
| | - Hervé Hillaireau
- Institut Galien Paris-Sud, Univ. Paris-Sud, Cnrs, Université Paris-Saclay, Chatenay-Malabry, France.
| | - Juliette Vergnaud
- Institut Galien Paris-Sud, Univ. Paris-Sud, Cnrs, Université Paris-Saclay, Chatenay-Malabry, France.
| | - Damien Clarisse
- Service de Chimie Bioorganique et de Marquage (SCBM), CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | - Lucie Jamgotchian
- Service de Chimie Bioorganique et de Marquage (SCBM), CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | - Olivier Loreau
- Service de Chimie Bioorganique et de Marquage (SCBM), CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | - Stéphanie Denis
- Institut Galien Paris-Sud, Univ. Paris-Sud, Cnrs, Université Paris-Saclay, Chatenay-Malabry, France.
| | - Edmond Gravel
- Service de Chimie Bioorganique et de Marquage (SCBM), CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | - Eric Doris
- Service de Chimie Bioorganique et de Marquage (SCBM), CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | - Elias Fattal
- Institut Galien Paris-Sud, Univ. Paris-Sud, Cnrs, Université Paris-Saclay, Chatenay-Malabry, France.
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Lai X, Wei J, Ding X. Paeoniflorin Antagonizes TNF-α-Induced L929 Fibroblastoma Cells Apoptosis by Inhibiting NF-κBp65 Activation. Dose Response 2018; 16:1559325818774977. [PMID: 29887769 PMCID: PMC5989054 DOI: 10.1177/1559325818774977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Paeoniflorin (PF) is one of the main pharmacodynamic components of Paeonia suffruticosa Andr, which has a significant anti-inflammatory effect on rheumatoid arthritis (RA), with a mechanism related to the tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α). The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of PF in the apoptosis and expression of NF-κBp65 of L929 fibroblastoma cells induced by TNF-α. Our results showed that different concentrations of PF can significantly reduce the growth inhibition of L929 cells. Moreover, morphological observations, Hoechst 33342 staining, and flow cytometry detection of apoptosis showed that PF can significantly attenuate the TNF-α-induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Western blot analysis revealed that TNF-α induced the activation of NF-κBp65, whereas PF treatment had a marked dose-dependent suppression on it, which indicates that its action might be associated with inhibiting NF-κB signaling pathway. These results show that PF exerts a beneficial effect on L929 cells to prevent TNF-α-induced apoptosis and expression of NF-κBp65, which would be helpful to clarify its role in the treatment of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Lai
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wei
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinghong Ding
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
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