A Scientometric Study on Industrial Effluent and Sludge Toxicity

Non-Faradaic Impedimetric Detection of Heavy Metal Ions via a Hybrid Nanoparticle-DNAzyme Biosensor

Due to rapid industrialization, novel water-quality monitoring techniques for the detection of highly toxic and hazardous heavy metal ions are essential. Herein, a hybrid noble nanoparticle/DNAzyme electrochemical biosensor is proposed for the simultaneous and label-free detection of Pb2+ and Cr3+ in aqueous solutions. The sensor is based on the combination of a two-dimensional naked-platinum nanoparticle film and DNAzymes, whose double-helix configuration disassembles into smaller fragments in the presence of target-specific heavy metal ions. The electrochemical behavior of the fabricated sensor was investigated with non-faradaic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), resulting in the successful detection of Pb2+ and Cr3+ well below their maximum permitted levels in tap water. So far, there has been no report on the successful detection of heavy metal ions utilizing the non-faradaic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy technique based on advanced nanomaterials paired with DNAzymes. This is also one of the few reports on the successful detection of chromium (III) via a sensor incorporating DNAzymes.

Heavy metal toxicity arising from the industrial effluents repercussions on oxidative stress, liver enzymes and antioxidant activity in brain homogenates of Oreochromis niloticus

Industrial effluents reaching to the aquatic ecosystem is one of the major causes of environmental pollution and exposure to industrial effluents containing harmful substances may be a serious threat to human health. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the sub-lethal (1/5th of predetermined LC50) impact of industrial effluents from Sundar Industrial Estate on Oreochromis niloticus with proper negative control. The physicochemical analysis of industrial effluents showed enormous loads of inorganic pollutants and exhibited high mean levels of heavy metals, Mn, Fe, Pb, Ni, Cr, Hg, As, Zn and Fe with statistically significant differences at p < 0.05. Highest level of Mn and Fe was detected in effluent's samples as 147.36 ± 80.91 mg/L and 90.52 ± 32.08 mg/L, respectively. Exposure led to increase in serum biochemical parameters alanine aminotransferase + 25%, aspartate aminotransferase + 20% and alkaline phosphatase + 7% over control although superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and reduced glutathione significantly increased as 3.42, 2.44, 4.8 and 8 folds, respectively in metabolically active tissue brain which indicated stress caused by industrial effluents. The results concluded that industrial effluent has potent oxidative stress inducers on one hand whereas histoarchitectural and physiological toxicity causing contaminants on the other. This condition may adversely affect the health of aquatic organisms, the fish and ultimately the human beings.

Theoretical and experimental studies on photocatalytic removal of methylene blue (MetB) from aqueous solution using oyster shell synthesized CaO nanoparticles (CaONP-O)

The development of technologies for the removal of dye from aqueous solution is most desirable if the end product is relatively green (i.e., environmentally friendly). Photodegradation (as one of such technology) and photolysis (without the catalyst) was applied to investigate the role of sol-gel synthesized calcium oxide nanoparticle (using the oyster shell as the precursor). The results obtained gave substantial evidence that calcium oxide nanoparticles catalyzed the degradation of the methylene blue dye up to a maximum percentage of 98 % removal. Degradation efficiency displayed a strong dependency on time, initial dye concentration, catalyst load, pH, and ionic strength. Chi-square and sum of square error analysis indicated that the photodegradation kinetics fitted the Langmuir-Hinshelwood, first order, and pseudo first-order models best. The half-life of the dye was significantly reduced from hours to minutes due to photocatalysis. Quantum chemical calculations indicated that the degradation proceeded through adsorption, deformation/degradation, and desorption through the chloride end of the molecule linked to the calcium active center of the catalyst. Results from Fukui functions and molecular descriptors analysis confirmed the mechanism of photocatalysis.

Unveiling the knowledge domain and emerging trends of olfactory dysfunction with depression or anxiety: A bibliometrics study

Olfactory dysfunction (OD) accompanied by depression or anxiety is a very common clinical problem, and there has been a growing number of studies on OD with depression or anxiety in recent decades. This study performed bibliometric and visual analyses of the literature on OD with depression or anxiety to derive research trends and identify emerging research foci. Relevant publications were obtained from the Science Citation Index-Expanded and Social Sciences Citation Index in the Web of Science Core Collection databases (2002–2021). CiteSpace and VOSviewer were applied to identify and evaluate research foci and emerging trends in this research domain. The analyses found that the number of publications related to OD with depression or anxiety has increased significantly over the past 20 years, up from 15 in 2002 to 114 in 2022. The country that ranked highest in the number of articles and international cooperation was the United States. The top 10 most frequent keywords were “depression,” “olfaction,” “anxiety,” “dysfunction,” “olfactory bulbectomy,” “olfactory dysfunction,” “Parkinson’s disease,” “odor identification,” “brain,” and “disorders.” Analysis of keywords with the strongest citation bursts revealed that “oxidative stress” is an emerging research hotspot. A timeline chart of the cluster of co-cited references demonstrated that Parkinson’s disease was always a topic of interest in this area of research. This study conducted an objective, comprehensive, and systematic analysis of these publications, and identified the development of trends and hotspots in this research domain. It is hoped that this work will provide scholars, worldwide, with information to assist them in further research and the development of new therapies.