1
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Burke RM, Payne DC, McNeal M, Conrey SC, Burrell AR, Mattison CP, Casey-Moore MC, Mijatovic-Rustempasic S, Gautam R, Esona MD, Thorman AW, Bowen MD, Parashar UD, Tate JE, Morrow AL, Staat MA. Correlates of Rotavirus Vaccine Shedding and Seroconversion in a U.S. Cohort of Healthy Infants. J Infect Dis 2024:jiae055. [PMID: 38330312 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiae055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rotavirus is a leading cause of severe pediatric gastroenteritis; two highly effective vaccines are used in the US. We aimed to identify correlates of immune response to rotavirus vaccination in a US cohort. METHODS PREVAIL is a birth cohort of 245 mother-child pairs enrolled 2017-2018 and followed for 2 years. Infant stool samples and symptom information were collected weekly. Shedding was defined as RT-PCR detection of rotavirus vaccine virus in stools collected 4-28 days after dose one. Seroconversion was defined as a threefold rise in IgA between the six-week and six-month blood draws. Correlates were analyzed using generalized estimating equations and logistic regression. RESULTS Pre-vaccination IgG (OR=0.84, 95% CI [0.75-0.94] per 100-unit increase) was negatively associated with shedding. Shedding was also less likely among infants with a single-nucleotide polymorphism inactivating FUT2 antigen secretion ("non-secretors") with non-secretor mothers, versus all other combinations (OR 0.37 [0.16-0.83]). Of 141 infants with data, 105 (74%) seroconverted; 78 (77%) had shed vaccine virus following dose one. Pre-vaccination IgG and secretor status were significantly associated with seroconversion. Neither shedding nor seroconversion significantly differed by vaccine product. DISCUSSION In this US cohort, pre-vaccination IgG and maternal and infant secretor status were associated with rotavirus vaccine response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M Burke
- Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Daniel C Payne
- Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Monica McNeal
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Shannon C Conrey
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Allison R Burrell
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Claire P Mattison
- Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Cherokee Nation Assurance, Arlington, VA, USA
| | - Mary C Casey-Moore
- Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Rashi Gautam
- Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mathew D Esona
- Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Alexander W Thorman
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Michael D Bowen
- Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Umesh D Parashar
- Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jacqueline E Tate
- Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ardythe L Morrow
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Mary A Staat
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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2
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Verscheure E, Stierum R, Schlünssen V, Lund Würtz AM, Vanneste D, Kogevinas M, Harding BN, Broberg K, Zienolddiny-Narui S, Erdem JS, Das MK, Makris KC, Konstantinou C, Andrianou X, Dekkers S, Morris L, Pronk A, Godderis L, Ghosh M. Characterization of the internal working-life exposome using minimally and non-invasive sampling methods - a narrative review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 238:117001. [PMID: 37683788 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
During recent years, we are moving away from the 'one exposure, one disease'-approach in occupational settings and towards a more comprehensive approach, taking into account the totality of exposures during a life course by using an exposome approach. Taking an exposome approach however is accompanied by many challenges, one of which, for example, relates to the collection of biological samples. Methods used for sample collection in occupational exposome studies should ideally be minimally invasive, while at the same time sensitive, and enable meaningful repeated sampling in a large population and over a longer time period. This might be hampered in specific situations e.g., people working in remote areas, during pandemics or with flexible work hours. In these situations, using self-sampling techniques might offer a solution. Therefore, our aim was to identify existing self-sampling techniques and to evaluate the applicability of these techniques in an occupational exposome context by conducting a literature review. We here present an overview of current self-sampling methodologies used to characterize the internal exposome. In addition, the use of different biological matrices was evaluated and subdivided based on their level of invasiveness and applicability in an occupational exposome context. In conclusion, this review and the overview of self-sampling techniques presented herein can serve as a guide in the design of future (occupational) exposome studies while circumventing sample collection challenges associated with exposome studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eline Verscheure
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Environment and Health, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rob Stierum
- Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research TNO, Risk Analysis for Products in Development, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Vivi Schlünssen
- Department of Public Health, Research unit for Environment, Occupation and Health, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anne Mette Lund Würtz
- Department of Public Health, Research unit for Environment, Occupation and Health, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Dorian Vanneste
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Environment and Health, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Manolis Kogevinas
- Environment and Health over the Lifecourse Program, ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Barbara N Harding
- Environment and Health over the Lifecourse Program, ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Karin Broberg
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | - Mrinal K Das
- National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Konstantinos C Makris
- Cyprus International Institute for Environmental and Public Health, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Corina Konstantinou
- Cyprus International Institute for Environmental and Public Health, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Xanthi Andrianou
- Cyprus International Institute for Environmental and Public Health, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Susan Dekkers
- Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research TNO, Risk Analysis for Products in Development, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Anjoeka Pronk
- Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research TNO, Risk Analysis for Products in Development, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Lode Godderis
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Environment and Health, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Idewe, External Service for Prevention and Protection at work, Heverlee, Belgium.
| | - Manosij Ghosh
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Environment and Health, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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3
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Soejima M, Koda Y. Detection of c.375A>G, c.385A>T, c.571C>T, and sedel2 of FUT2 via Real-Time PCR in a Single Tube. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2022. [PMID: 37370917 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13122022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
α(1,2)fucosyltransferase (Se enzyme) encoded by FUT2 is involved in the secretor status of ABH(O) blood group antigens. The sedel2 allele is one of the non-functional FUT2 (se) alleles in which 9.3 kb, containing the entire coding region of FUT2, is deleted by Alu-mediated nonhomologous recombination. In addition to this allele, three SNPs of FUT2, c.375A>G, c.385A>T, and c.571C>T, appear to be prevalent in certain Oceanian populations such as Polynesians. Recently, we developed an endpoint genotyping assay to determine sedel2 zygosity, using a FAM-labeled probe for detection of the sedel2 allele and a VIC-labeled probe for the detection of FUT2. In this study, instead of the VIC probe, a HEX-labeled probe covering both c.375A>G and c.385A>T and a Cy5-labeled probe covering c.571C>T were added to the sedel2 allele assay mixture to allow for the simultaneous detection of these four variations via endpoint genotyping for sedel2 zygosity and fluorescence melting curve analysis for c.375A>G, c.385A>T, and c.571C>T genotyping. The results obtained from 24 Samoan subjects using this method were identical to those obtained using previous methods. Therefore, it appears that the present method can accurately determine these four variations simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikiko Soejima
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Koda
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
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4
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Masson L, Barbé L, Henaff F, Ahmed T, Le Moullac-Vaidye B, Peltier C, Marchand SS, Scherdel P, Vibet MA, Ruvoën-Clouet N, Elenga N, Imbert-Marcille BM, Gras-Le Guen C, Le Pendu J. Extent of the protection afforded by histo-blood group polymorphism against rotavirus gastroenteritis in metropolitan France and French Guiana. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1141652. [PMID: 36970669 PMCID: PMC10036354 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1141652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Human rotaviruses attach to histo-blood group antigens glycans and null alleles of the ABO, FUT2 and FUT3 genes seem to confer diminished risk of gastroenteritis. Yet, the true extent of this protection remains poorly quantified. Here, we conducted a prospective study to evaluate the risk of consulting at the hospital in non-vaccinated pediatric patients according to the ABO, FUT2 (secretor) and FUT3 (Lewis) polymorphisms, in Metropolitan France and French Guiana. At both locations, P genotypes were largely dominated by P [8]-3, with P [6] cases exclusively found in French Guiana. The FUT2 null (nonsecretor) and FUT3 null (Lewis negative) phenotypes conferred near full protection against severe gastroenteritis due to P [8]-3 strains (OR 0.03, 95% CI [0.00–0.21] and 0.1, 95% CI [0.01–0.43], respectively in Metropolitan France; OR 0.08, 95% CI [0.01–0.52] and 0.14, 95%CI [0.01–0.99], respectively in French Guiana). Blood group O also appeared protective in Metropolitan France (OR 0.38, 95% CI [0.23–0.62]), but not in French Guiana. The discrepancy between the two locations was explained by a recruitment at the hospital of less severe cases in French Guiana than in Metropolitan France. Considering the frequencies of the null ABO, Secretor and Lewis phenotypes, the data indicate that in a Western European population, 34% (95% CI [29%; 39%]) of infants are genetically protected against rotavirus gastroenteritis of sufficient severity to lead to hospital visit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydie Masson
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Laure Barbé
- Nantes Université, Inserm, CNRS, Immunology and New Concepts in Immunotherapy, INCIT, Nantes, France
| | - Fanny Henaff
- Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne, France
| | - Tasnuva Ahmed
- Nantes Université, Inserm, CNRS, Immunology and New Concepts in Immunotherapy, INCIT, Nantes, France
- International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Cécile Peltier
- Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, Inserm, Nantes Université, Nantes, France
| | - Sarah S Marchand
- Virology Department, University Hospital of Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Pauline Scherdel
- Clinical Investigation Center (CIC004), Inserm, University Hospital of Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Marie-Anne Vibet
- Clinical Research Department, University Hospital of Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Nathalie Ruvoën-Clouet
- Nantes Université, Inserm, CNRS, Immunology and New Concepts in Immunotherapy, INCIT, Nantes, France
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'Alimentation, Oniris, Nantes, France
| | - Narcisse Elenga
- Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne, France
| | - Berthe-Marie Imbert-Marcille
- Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, Inserm, Nantes Université, Nantes, France
- Virology Department, University Hospital of Nantes, Nantes, France
| | | | - Jacques Le Pendu
- Nantes Université, Inserm, CNRS, Immunology and New Concepts in Immunotherapy, INCIT, Nantes, France
- *Correspondence: Jacques Le Pendu,
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5
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Estimation of Lewis Blood Group Status by Fluorescence Melting Curve Analysis in Simultaneous Genotyping of c.385A>T and Fusion Gene in FUT2 and c.59T>G and c.314C>T in FUT3. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13050931. [PMID: 36900072 PMCID: PMC10000471 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13050931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lewis blood group status is determined by two fucosyltransferase activities: those of FUT2-encoded fucosyltransferase (Se enzyme) and FUT3-encoded fucosyltransferase (Le enzyme). In Japanese populations, c.385A>T in FUT2 and a fusion gene between FUT2 and its pseudogene SEC1P are the cause of most Se enzyme-deficient alleles (Sew and sefus), and c.59T>G and c.314C>T in FUT3 are tag SNPs for almost all nonfunctional FUT3 alleles (le59, le59,508, le59,1067, and le202,314). In this study, we first conducted a single-probe fluorescence melting curve analysis (FMCA) to determine c.385A>T and sefus using a pair of primers that collectively amplify FUT2, sefus, and SEC1P. Then, to estimate Lewis blood group status, a triplex FMCA was performed with a c.385A>T and sefus assay system by adding primers and probes to detect c.59T>G and c.314C>T in FUT3. We also validated these methods by analyzing the genotypes of 96 selected Japanese people whose FUT2 and FUT3 genotypes were already determined. The single-probe FMCA was able to identify six genotype combinations: 385A/A, 385T/T, sefus/sefus, 385A/T, 385A/sefus, and 385T/sefus. In addition, the triplex FMCA successfully identified both FUT2 and FUT3 genotypes, although the resolutions of the analysis of c.385A>T and sefus were somewhat reduced compared to that of the analysis of FUT2 alone. The estimation of the secretor status and Lewis blood group status using the form of FMCA used in this study may be useful for large-scale association studies in Japanese populations.
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6
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Godefroy E, Barbé L, Le Moullac-Vaidye B, Rocher J, Breiman A, Leuillet S, Mariat D, Chatel JM, Ruvoën-Clouet N, Carton T, Jotereau F, Le Pendu J. Microbiota-induced regulatory T cells associate with FUT2-dependent susceptibility to rotavirus gastroenteritis. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1123803. [PMID: 36922975 PMCID: PMC10008897 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1123803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The FUT2 α1,2fucosyltransferase contributes to the synthesis of fucosylated glycans used as attachment factors by several pathogens, including noroviruses and rotaviruses, that can induce life-threatening gastroenteritis in young children. FUT2 genetic polymorphisms impairing fucosylation are strongly associated with resistance to dominant strains of both noroviruses and rotaviruses. Interestingly, the wild-type allele associated with viral gastroenteritis susceptibility inversely appears to be protective against several inflammatory or autoimmune diseases for yet unclear reasons, although a FUT2 influence on microbiota composition has been observed. Here, we studied a cohort of young healthy adults and showed that the wild-type FUT2 allele was associated with the presence of anti-RVA antibodies, either neutralizing antibodies or serum IgA, confirming its association with the risk of RVA gastroenteritis. Strikingly, it was also associated with the frequency of gut microbiota-induced regulatory T cells (Tregs), so-called DP8α Tregs, albeit only in individuals who had anti-RVA neutralizing antibodies or high titers of anti-RVA IgAs. DP8α Tregs specifically recognize the human symbiont Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, which strongly supports their induction by this anti-inflammatory bacterium. The proportion of F. prausnitzii in feces was also associated with the FUT2 wild-type allele. These observations link the FUT2 genotype with the risk of RVA gastroenteritis, the microbiota and microbiota-induced DP8α Treg cells, suggesting that the anti-RVA immune response might involve an induction/expansion of these T lymphocytes later providing a balanced immunological state that confers protection against inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Godefroy
- Inserm, CNRS, Immunology and New Concepts in ImmunoTherapy, INCIT, UMR 1303/EMR6001, Nantes Université, Nantes, France
| | - Laure Barbé
- Inserm, CNRS, Immunology and New Concepts in ImmunoTherapy, INCIT, UMR 1303/EMR6001, Nantes Université, Nantes, France
| | - Béatrice Le Moullac-Vaidye
- Inserm, CNRS, Immunology and New Concepts in ImmunoTherapy, INCIT, UMR 1303/EMR6001, Nantes Université, Nantes, France
| | - Jézabel Rocher
- Inserm, CNRS, Immunology and New Concepts in ImmunoTherapy, INCIT, UMR 1303/EMR6001, Nantes Université, Nantes, France
| | - Adrien Breiman
- Inserm, CNRS, Immunology and New Concepts in ImmunoTherapy, INCIT, UMR 1303/EMR6001, Nantes Université, Nantes, France.,CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | | | - Denis Mariat
- INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR1319, MICALIS, Université Paris Saclay, Jouy en Josas, France
| | - Jean-Marc Chatel
- INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR1319, MICALIS, Université Paris Saclay, Jouy en Josas, France
| | - Nathalie Ruvoën-Clouet
- Inserm, CNRS, Immunology and New Concepts in ImmunoTherapy, INCIT, UMR 1303/EMR6001, Nantes Université, Nantes, France.,ONIRIS, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'Alimentation, Nantes, France
| | | | - Francine Jotereau
- Inserm, CNRS, Immunology and New Concepts in ImmunoTherapy, INCIT, UMR 1303/EMR6001, Nantes Université, Nantes, France
| | - Jacques Le Pendu
- Inserm, CNRS, Immunology and New Concepts in ImmunoTherapy, INCIT, UMR 1303/EMR6001, Nantes Université, Nantes, France
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7
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Saikia K, Saharia N, Singh CS, Borah PP, Namsa ND. Association of histo-blood group antigens and predisposition to gastrointestinal diseases. J Med Virol 2022; 94:5149-5162. [PMID: 35882942 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Infectious gastroenteritis is a common illness afflicting people worldwide. The two most common etiological agents of viral gastroenteritis, rotavirus and norovirus are known to recognize histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) as attachment receptors. ABO, Lewis, and secretor HBGAs are distributed abundantly on mucosal epithelia, red blood cell membranes, and also secreted in biological fluids, such as saliva, intestinal content, milk, and blood. HBGAs are fucosylated glycans that have been implicated in the attachment of some enteric pathogens such as bacteria, parasites, and viruses. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the genes encoding ABO (H), fucosyltransferase gene FUT2 (Secretor/Se), FUT3 (Lewis/Le) have been associated with changes in enzyme expression and HBGAs production. The highly polymorphic HBGAs among different populations and races influence genotype-specific susceptibility or resistance to enteric pathogens and its epidemiology, and vaccination seroconversion. Therefore, there is an urgent need to conduct population-based investigations to understand predisposition to enteric infections and gastrointestinal diseases. This review focuses on the relationship between HBGAs and predisposition to common human gastrointestinal illnesses caused by viral, bacterial, and parasitic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasturi Saikia
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Napaam, Assam, India
| | - Niruprabha Saharia
- Department of Paediatrics, Tezpur Medical College and Hospital, Bihaguri, Tezpur, Assam, India
| | - Chongtham S Singh
- Department of Paediatrics, Regional Institute of Medical Sciences, Imphal, India
| | - Partha P Borah
- Department of Paediatrics and Neonatology, Pratiksha Hospital, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Nima D Namsa
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Napaam, Assam, India.,Centre for Multi-disciplinary Research, Tezpur University, Napaam, Assam, India
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8
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Wallingford JC, Neve Myers P, Barber CM. Effects of addition of 2-fucosyllactose to infant formula on growth and specific pathways of utilization by Bifidobacterium in healthy term infants. Front Nutr 2022; 9:961526. [PMID: 36211486 PMCID: PMC9539000 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.961526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligosaccharides in human milk support health via intestinal microbiome. We studied effects of addition of 2-fucosyllactose (2′FL) to the infant formula on infant growth, occurrence of adverse events (AE), and infant microbiome, including expression of microbial genes that metabolize 2′FL. Our hypothesis was that while 2′FL would not affect growth, it would cause changes in microbiome metabolism. In a double-blinded randomized controlled study fashion, the infant formula ± 2′FL or human milk was fed to healthy term infants for 16 weeks. Fecal samples obtained at baseline and week 16 were analyzed for microbial populations, metagenomic species concept (MGS), and genetics of gut metabolic modules (GMMs). There were no effects of addition of 2′FL on growth or AEs. There were no significant differences by feeding group in MGS richness or Shannon diversity at baseline, but formula groups each had significantly greater richness (p < 0.05) and diversity (p < 0.05) after 16 weeks of feeding than the breastfed group. While two glycosyl hydrolase (GH) families (GH42 and GH112) were significantly increased, two other GH families (GH20 and GH2) were significantly decreased in the test formula group compared to the control formula group; although modest, addition of 2′FL resulted in changes in microbiome in the direction of breastfed infants, consistent with internal metabolism of HMOs by Bifidobacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C. Wallingford
- Nutrispectives, LLC, Spokane, WA, United States
- *Correspondence: John C. Wallingford,
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9
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Estienney M, Tarris G, Abou-Hamad N, Rouleau A, Boireau W, Chassagnon R, Ayouni S, Daval-Frerot P, Martin L, Bouyer F, Le Pendu J, de Rougemont A, Belliot G. Epidemiological Impact of GII.17 Human Noroviruses Associated With Attachment to Enterocytes. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:858245. [PMID: 35572680 PMCID: PMC9094630 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.858245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
For the last 30 years, molecular surveys have shown that human norovirus (HuNoV), predominantly the GII.4 genotype, is one of the main causative agents of gastroenteritis. However, epidemiological surveys have revealed the worldwide emergence of GII.17 HuNoVs. Genetic analysis confirmed that GII.17 strains are distributed into three variants (i.e., Kawasaki 308, Kawasaki 323, and CS-E1). Here, virus-like particles (VLPs) were baculovirus-expressed from these variants to study putative interactions with HBGA. Qualitative analysis of the HBGA binding profile of each variant showed that the most recent and predominant GII.17 variant, Kawasaki 308, possesses a larger binding spectrum. The retrospective study of GII.17 strains documented before the emergence of the dominant Kawasaki 308 variant showed that the emergence of a new GII.17 variant could be related to an increased binding capacity toward HBGA. The use of duodenal histological sections confirmed that recognition of enterocytes involved HBGA for the three GII.17 variants. Finally, we observed that the relative affinity of recent GII.17 VLPs for HBGA remains lower than that of the GII.4-2012 variant. These observations suggest a model whereby a combination of virological factors, such as polymerase fidelity and increased affinity for HBGA, and immunological factors was responsible for the incomplete and non-persistent replacement of GII.4 by new GII.17 variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Estienney
- National Reference Centre for Gastroenteritis Viruses, Laboratory of Virology, University Hospital of Dijon, Dijon, France.,UMR PAM A 02.102 Procédés Alimentaires et Microbiologiques, Université de Bourgogne, Franche-Comté/AgroSup Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - Georges Tarris
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Dijon, Dijon, France.,Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, Dijon, France
| | - Nicole Abou-Hamad
- National Reference Centre for Gastroenteritis Viruses, Laboratory of Virology, University Hospital of Dijon, Dijon, France.,UMR PAM A 02.102 Procédés Alimentaires et Microbiologiques, Université de Bourgogne, Franche-Comté/AgroSup Dijon, Dijon, France.,Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne, UMR CNRS 6303, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Alain Rouleau
- FEMTO-ST Institute, CNRS UMR-6174, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Wilfrid Boireau
- FEMTO-ST Institute, CNRS UMR-6174, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Rémi Chassagnon
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne, UMR CNRS 6303, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Siwar Ayouni
- National Reference Centre for Gastroenteritis Viruses, Laboratory of Virology, University Hospital of Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - Philippe Daval-Frerot
- National Reference Centre for Gastroenteritis Viruses, Laboratory of Virology, University Hospital of Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - Laurent Martin
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Dijon, Dijon, France.,Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, Dijon, France
| | - Frédéric Bouyer
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne, UMR CNRS 6303, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | | | - Alexis de Rougemont
- National Reference Centre for Gastroenteritis Viruses, Laboratory of Virology, University Hospital of Dijon, Dijon, France.,UMR PAM A 02.102 Procédés Alimentaires et Microbiologiques, Université de Bourgogne, Franche-Comté/AgroSup Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - Gael Belliot
- National Reference Centre for Gastroenteritis Viruses, Laboratory of Virology, University Hospital of Dijon, Dijon, France.,UMR PAM A 02.102 Procédés Alimentaires et Microbiologiques, Université de Bourgogne, Franche-Comté/AgroSup Dijon, Dijon, France
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10
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Chandwe K, Zyambo K, Mulenga C, Haritunians T, Amadi B, Kosek M, Heimburger DC, McGovern D, Kelly P. Histo-Blood Group Antigens, Enteropathogen Carriage and Environmental Enteropathy in Stunted Zambian Children. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2022; 74:529-534. [PMID: 34724448 PMCID: PMC9046470 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000003343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Stunting, the most common form of childhood undernutrition, is associated with environmental enteropathy (EE). Enteric infections are believed to play a role in the pathophysiology of EE and stunting though the exact mechanism remains undetermined. The FUT2 (secretor) and FUT3 (Lewis) genes have been shown to be associated with some symptomatic enteric infections in both children and adults. These genes are responsible for the presence of histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) in various secretions and epithelial surfaces.We evaluated whether the secretor and Lewis status influences asymptomatic enteric infections and thus EE severity on duodenal biopsies of stunted children. METHODS In this case-control study, we used saliva samples to determine the secretor and Lewis status of stunted children (cases, n = 113) enrolled in a nutritional rehabilitation program and from their well-nourished counterparts (controls, n = 42). Where available, saliva was also collected from the mothers. Baseline stool samples were used to detect asymptomatic enteropathogen carriage. Duodenal biopsies were collected from a subgroup of stunted children (n = 77) who had an upper gastrointestinal endoscopy done as part of the evaluation process for their non-response to nutritional therapy. RESULTS The proportion of secretors was similar between the cases and the controls (82% vs 81%, P = 0.81). The stunted children had significantly higher rates of carrying multiple enteropathogens, but this was not associated with their secretor status nor that of their mothers. The secretor status was also not associated with mucosal morphometry of duodenal biopsies. CONCLUSION This case-control analysis in Zambian children does not support the hypothesis that fucosylation status determines asymptomatic enteropathogen carriage in stunting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanta Chandwe
- University of Zambia School of Medicine, Lusaka, Zambia
- Tropical Gastroenterology & Nutrition group, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Kanekwa Zyambo
- Tropical Gastroenterology & Nutrition group, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Chola Mulenga
- Tropical Gastroenterology & Nutrition group, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Talin Haritunians
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Beatrice Amadi
- University of Zambia School of Medicine, Lusaka, Zambia
- Tropical Gastroenterology & Nutrition group, Lusaka, Zambia
| | | | - Douglas C. Heimburger
- University of Zambia School of Medicine, Lusaka, Zambia
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center
| | - Dermot McGovern
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Paul Kelly
- Tropical Gastroenterology & Nutrition group, Lusaka, Zambia
- Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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11
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Palit P, Das R, Haque MA, Hasan MM, Noor Z, Mahfuz M, Faruque ASG, Ahmed T. Risk Factors for Norovirus Infections and Their Association with Childhood Growth: Findings from a Multi-Country Birth Cohort Study. Viruses 2022; 14:v14030647. [PMID: 35337054 PMCID: PMC8954848 DOI: 10.3390/v14030647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of norovirus infections in different geographical locations and their attribution to childhood diarrhea is well established. However, there are no reports showing possible relationships of different norovirus genogroups with subsequent childhood malnutrition. In this study, we attempted to establish a potential association between asymptomatic norovirus infections with childhood growth faltering during. Non-diarrheal stools were collected from 1715 children enrolled in locations in a multi-county birth cohort study across eight different geographical locations and were assessed for norovirus genogroup I (GI) and norovirus genogroup II (GII). Asymptomatic norovirus GI infections were negatively associated with monthly length-for-age Z score/LAZ (β = -0.53, 95% CI: -0.73, -0.50) and weight-for-age Z score/WAZ (β = -0.39, 95% CI: -0.49, -0.28), respectively. The burden of asymptomatic norovirus GI infections was negatively associated with LAZ (β = -0.46, 95% CI: -0.67, -0.41) and WAZ (β = -0.66, 95% CI: -0.86, -0.53) at 2 years of age, whilst the burden of asymptomatic norovirus GII infections was negatively associated with WAZ (β = -0.27, 95% CI: -0.45, -0.25) at 2 years of age. Our findings warrant acceleration in attempts to develop vaccines against norovirus GI and norovirus GII, with the aim of minimizing the long-term sequelae on childhood growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parag Palit
- Nutrition and Clinical Services Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh; (P.P.); (R.D.); (M.M.H.); (M.M.); (A.S.G.F.); (T.A.)
| | - Rina Das
- Nutrition and Clinical Services Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh; (P.P.); (R.D.); (M.M.H.); (M.M.); (A.S.G.F.); (T.A.)
| | - Md. Ahshanul Haque
- Nutrition and Clinical Services Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh; (P.P.); (R.D.); (M.M.H.); (M.M.); (A.S.G.F.); (T.A.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Md. Mehedi Hasan
- Nutrition and Clinical Services Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh; (P.P.); (R.D.); (M.M.H.); (M.M.); (A.S.G.F.); (T.A.)
| | - Zannatun Noor
- Emerging Infections and Parasitology Laboratory, Infectious Disease Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh;
| | - Mustafa Mahfuz
- Nutrition and Clinical Services Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh; (P.P.); (R.D.); (M.M.H.); (M.M.); (A.S.G.F.); (T.A.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, 33100 Tampere, Finland
| | - Abu Syed Golam Faruque
- Nutrition and Clinical Services Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh; (P.P.); (R.D.); (M.M.H.); (M.M.); (A.S.G.F.); (T.A.)
| | - Tahmeed Ahmed
- Nutrition and Clinical Services Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh; (P.P.); (R.D.); (M.M.H.); (M.M.); (A.S.G.F.); (T.A.)
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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12
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Soejima M, Koda Y. Simultaneous genotyping of three major Se enzyme inactivating SNPs of FUT2 based on a triplex probe-based fluorescence melting-curve analysis. Clin Chim Acta 2022; 530:50-54. [PMID: 35271838 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2022.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ABO(H) secretor status is controlled by FUT2-encoded α(1,2)fucosyltransferase (Se enzyme) activity. Three SNPs of FUT2, 302C>T (rs200157007), 385A>T (rs1047781), and 428G>A (rs601338), cause three major variants of nonsecretor (se) or weak-secretor (Sew) alleles. Evidence has been accumulating that suggests the secretor status is associated with various conditions including infectious diseases but a robust multiplex method for assaying relatively large-scale samples to determine the genotype of these three SNPs simultaneously has not been developed yet. METHODS By combined usage of two Eprobes and a dual-labeled fluorescence probe, we developed a real-time PCR, followed by triplex probe-based fluorescent melting-curve analysis (FMCA) for genotyping of 302C>T, 385A>T, and 428G>A of FUT2 in a single tube. RESULTS Three genotypes of each of three variants of FUT2 were accurately determined by the triplex probe-based FMCA. We then validated this method using genomic DNA samples of 47 Bangladeshis, and the results obtained by using this method were fully concordant with those by previous Sanger sequencing. CONCLUSIONS Since the present single triplex probe-based FMCA is robust, fast, and cost-effective, we are able to effectively estimate the secretor status of subjects on a large scale in many populations around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikiko Soejima
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Koda
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830-0011, Japan.
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13
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Chutipongtanate S, Morrow AL, Newburg DS. Human Milk Oligosaccharides: Potential Applications in COVID-19. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020346. [PMID: 35203555 PMCID: PMC8961778 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has become a global health crisis with more than four million deaths worldwide. A substantial number of COVID-19 survivors continue suffering from long-COVID syndrome, a long-term complication exhibiting chronic inflammation and gut dysbiosis. Much effort is being expended to improve therapeutic outcomes. Human milk oligosaccharides (hMOS) are non-digestible carbohydrates known to exert health benefits in breastfed infants by preventing infection, maintaining immune homeostasis and nurturing healthy gut microbiota. These beneficial effects suggest the hypothesis that hMOS might have applications in COVID-19 as receptor decoys, immunomodulators, mucosal signaling agents, and prebiotics. This review summarizes hMOS biogenesis and classification, describes the possible mechanisms of action of hMOS upon different phases of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and discusses the challenges and opportunities of hMOS research for clinical applications in COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somchai Chutipongtanate
- Pediatric Translational Research Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Mahidol University, Samut Prakan 10540, Thailand
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA;
| | - Ardythe L. Morrow
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA;
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children′s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - David S. Newburg
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA;
- Correspondence: or
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14
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Peña-Gil N, Santiso-Bellón C, Gozalbo-Rovira R, Buesa J, Monedero V, Rodríguez-Díaz J. The Role of Host Glycobiology and Gut Microbiota in Rotavirus and Norovirus Infection, an Update. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413473. [PMID: 34948268 PMCID: PMC8704558 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Rotavirus (RV) and norovirus (NoV) are the leading causes of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) worldwide. Several studies have demonstrated that histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) have a role in NoV and RV infections since their presence on the gut epithelial surfaces is essential for the susceptibility to many NoV and RV genotypes. Polymorphisms in genes that code for enzymes required for HBGAs synthesis lead to secretor or non-secretor and Lewis positive or Lewis negative individuals. While secretor individuals appear to be more susceptible to RV infections, regarding NoVs infections, there are too many discrepancies that prevent the ability to draw conclusions. A second factor that influences enteric viral infections is the gut microbiota of the host. In vitro and animal studies have determined that the gut microbiota limits, but in some cases enhances enteric viral infection. The ways that microbiota can enhance NoV or RV infection include virion stabilization and promotion of virus attachment to host cells, whereas experiments with microbiota-depleted and germ-free animals point to immunoregulation as the mechanism by which the microbiota restrict infection. Human trials with live, attenuated RV vaccines and analysis of the microbiota in responder and non-responder individuals also allowed the identification of bacterial taxa linked to vaccine efficacy. As more information is gained on the complex relationships that are established between the host (glycobiology and immune system), the gut microbiota and intestinal viruses, new avenues will open for the development of novel anti-NoV and anti-RV therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazaret Peña-Gil
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez 17, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (N.P.-G.); (C.S.-B.); (R.G.-R.); (J.B.)
| | - Cristina Santiso-Bellón
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez 17, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (N.P.-G.); (C.S.-B.); (R.G.-R.); (J.B.)
| | - Roberto Gozalbo-Rovira
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez 17, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (N.P.-G.); (C.S.-B.); (R.G.-R.); (J.B.)
| | - Javier Buesa
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez 17, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (N.P.-G.); (C.S.-B.); (R.G.-R.); (J.B.)
| | - Vicente Monedero
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA-CSIC), 46980 Paterna, Spain;
| | - Jesús Rodríguez-Díaz
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez 17, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (N.P.-G.); (C.S.-B.); (R.G.-R.); (J.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-963-864-903; Fax: +34-963-864-960
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15
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Soejima M, Koda Y. Rapid detection of phenotypes Bombay se del and nonsecretor rs200157007 SNP (302C > T) by real-time PCR-based methods. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14996. [PMID: 34294843 PMCID: PMC8298435 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94659-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The sedel allele is one of the nonsecretor alleles (se) of FUT2 generated by an Alu-mediated recombination event and was first found in Indian Bombay phenotype individuals who have anti-H, anti-A, and anti-B antibodies in their serum. As well as anti-A, and anti-B antibodies, anti-H is clinically significant because it causes sever hemolytic transfusion reactions. Like sedel, se302 having a missense single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), 302C > T, is characteristic of South Asians with a frequency of 10-30%. We developed a real-time PCR melting curve analysis for detection of sedel using a 127-bp amplicon encompassing the breakpoint junction. In addition, by performing duplex PCR by amplifying a 65-bp amplicon of the FUT2 coding region at the same time, we could determine the zygosity of sedel in a single tube. We also developed an Eprobe-mediated PCR assay (Eprobe-PCR) for detection of 302C > T of FUT2. These methods were validated by analyzing 58 Tamils and 54 Sinhalese in Sri Lanka. Both the duplex PCR melting curve analysis for determination of sedel zygosity and the Eprobe-PCR assay for detection of 302C > T exactly determined three genotypes. In addition, the results of the present methods were in complete agreement with those obtained by previously established methods. The two present methods were reliable and seem to be advantageous for large-scale association studies of FUT2 polymorphisms in South Asian populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikiko Soejima
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, 830-0011, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Koda
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, 830-0011, Japan.
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16
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Sharma S, Nordgren J. Effect of Infant and Maternal Secretor Status on Rotavirus Vaccine Take-An Overview. Viruses 2021; 13:1144. [PMID: 34198720 PMCID: PMC8232156 DOI: 10.3390/v13061144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Histo-blood group antigens, which are present on gut epithelial surfaces, function as receptors or attachment factors and mediate susceptibility to rotavirus infection. The major determinant for susceptibility is a functional FUT2 enzyme which mediates the presence of α-1,2 fucosylated blood group antigens in mucosa and secretions, yielding the secretor-positive phenotype. Secretors are more susceptible to infection with predominant rotavirus genotypes, as well as to the commonly used live rotavirus vaccines. Difference in susceptibility to the vaccines is one proposed factor for the varying degree of efficacy observed between countries. Besides infection susceptibility, secretor status has been found to modulate rotavirus specific antibody levels in adults, as well as composition of breastmilk in mothers and microbiota of the infant, which are other proposed factors affecting rotavirus vaccine take. Here, the known and possible effects of secretor status in both infant and mother on rotavirus vaccine take are reviewed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Johan Nordgren
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Virology, Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden;
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17
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Estimation of secretor status of ABO antigens by high-resolution melting analysis of rs601338 (428G > A). Clin Chim Acta 2021; 517:86-91. [PMID: 33667483 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2021.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND FUT2 determines the secretor status of ABH antigens. Many lines of evidence suggest an association between secretor status and susceptibility to various clinical conditions. For this kind of study, large-scale genotyping of FUT2 is necessary. Because FUT2 has a pseudogene (SEC1) with high DNA sequence similarity and is rich in population-specific SNPs, we need to pay attention in designing the primers for genotyping FUT2. The se428 allele having a 428G > A nonsense SNP (W143X, rs601338) is the predominant non-secretor allele in Europeans, Latin Americans and Africans. On the other hand, se357,480,778del having the 778C > del frameshift SNP (P260Lfs*16, rs1799761) is almost exclusively found in Africans with frequencies of 1-4%. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS We developed high-resolution melting (HRM) analyses using short (69-bp for 428G > A, 65-bp for 778C > del) amplicons for genotyping two SNPs directly and validated the method by analyzing 95 Ghanaians whose FUT2 genotypes were previously determined. RESULTS Two sets of assays clearly discriminated three genotypes of 428G > A (G/G, G/A, A/A), and two genotypes of 778C > del (C/C, C/del). In addition, the results obtained for the 95 Ghanaians by HRM analysis were in full agreement with previous ones. CONCLUSION The present HRM analysis reliably genotyped 428G > A. Thus, estimation of secretor status based on se428 using the present HRM analysis may be useful for large scale association studies of FUT2. In addition to 428G > A, genotyping of other causal polymorphisms for non-secretors with high frequency, as is the case with 778C > del for Africans, is desirable for more accurate estimation of the secretor status of the target populations.
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18
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Rossouw E, Brauer M, Meyer P, du Plessis NM, Avenant T, Mans J. Virus Etiology, Diversity and Clinical Characteristics in South African Children Hospitalised with Gastroenteritis. Viruses 2021; 13:v13020215. [PMID: 33573340 PMCID: PMC7911269 DOI: 10.3390/v13020215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Viral gastroenteritis remains a major cause of hospitalisation in young children. This study aimed to determine the distribution and diversity of enteric viruses in children ≤5 years, hospitalised with gastroenteritis at Kalafong Provincial Tertiary Hospital, Pretoria, South Africa, between July 2016 and December 2017. METHODS Stool specimens (n = 205) were screened for norovirus GI and GII, rotavirus, sapovirus, astrovirus and adenovirus by multiplex RT-PCR. HIV exposure and FUT2 secretor status were evaluated. Secretor status was determined by FUT2 genotyping. RESULTS At least one gastroenteritis virus was detected in 47% (96/205) of children. Rotavirus predominated (46/205), followed by norovirus (32/205), adenovirus (15/205), sapovirus (9/205) and astrovirus (3/205). Norovirus genotypes GI.3, GII.2, GII.3, GII.4, GII.7, GII.12, GII.21, and rotavirus strains G1P[8], G2P[4], G2P[6], G3P[4], G3P[8], G8P[4], G8P[6], G9P[6], G9P[8] and sapovirus genotypes GI.1, GI.2, GII.1, GII.4, GII.8 were detected; norovirus GII.4[P31] and rotavirus G3P[4] predominated. Asymptomatic norovirus infection (GI.3, GI.7, GII.4, GII.6, GII.13) was detected in 22% of 46 six-week follow up stools. HIV exposure (30%) was not associated with more frequent or severe viral gastroenteritis hospitalisations compared to unexposed children. Rotavirus preferentially infected secretor children (p = 0.143) and norovirus infected 78% secretors and 22% non-secretors. CONCLUSION Rotavirus was still the leading cause of gastroenteritis hospitalisations, but norovirus caused more severe symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmari Rossouw
- Department of Medical Virology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa;
| | - Marieke Brauer
- Immunology Laboratory, Ampath, Pretoria 0001, South Africa;
| | - Pieter Meyer
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa or
- National Health Laboratory Service, Tshwane Academic Division, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - Nicolette M. du Plessis
- Department of Paediatrics, Kalafong Provincial Tertiary Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (N.M.d.P.); (T.A.)
| | - Theunis Avenant
- Department of Paediatrics, Kalafong Provincial Tertiary Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (N.M.d.P.); (T.A.)
| | - Janet Mans
- Department of Medical Virology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +27-12-319-2660
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