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Deblanc C, Quéguiner S, Gorin S, Richard G, Moro A, Barbier N, Le Diguerher G, Paboeuf F, Hervé S, Simon G. Pathogenicity and escape to pre-existing immunity of a new genotype of swine influenza H1N2 virus that emerged in France in 2020. Vet Res 2024; 55:65. [PMID: 38773540 PMCID: PMC11110284 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-024-01319-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
In 2020, a new genotype of swine H1N2 influenza virus (H1avN2-HA 1C.2.4) was identified in France. It rapidly spread within the pig population and supplanted the previously predominant H1avN1-HA 1C.2.1 virus. To characterize this new genotype which is genetically and antigenically distant from the other H1avNx viruses detected in France, an experimental study was conducted to compare the outcomes of H1avN2 and H1avN1 infections in pigs and evaluate the protection conferred by the only inactivated vaccine currently licensed in Europe containing an HA 1C (clade 1C.2.2) antigen. Infection with H1avN2 induced stronger clinical signs and earlier shedding than H1avN1. The neutralizing antibodies produced following H1avN2 infection were unable to neutralize H1avN1, and vice versa, whereas the cellular-mediated immunity cross-reacted. Vaccination slightly altered the impact of H1avN2 infection at the clinical level, but did not prevent shedding of infectious virus particles. It induced a cellular-mediated immune response towards H1avN2, but did not produce neutralizing antibodies against this virus. As in vaccinated animals, animals previously infected by H1avN1 developed a cross-reacting cellular immune response but no neutralizing antibodies against H1avN2. However, H1avN1 pre-infection induced a better protection against the H1avN2 infection than vaccination, probably due to higher levels of non-neutralizing antibodies and a mucosal immunity. Altogether, these results showed that the new H1avN2 genotype induced a severe respiratory infection and that the actual vaccine was less effective against this H1avN2-HA 1C.2.4 than against H1avN1-HA 1C.2.1, which may have contributed to the H1avN2 epizootic and dissemination in pig farms in France.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Deblanc
- Swine Virology Immunology Unit, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), 22440, Ploufragan, France.
| | - Stéphane Quéguiner
- Swine Virology Immunology Unit, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), 22440, Ploufragan, France
| | - Stéphane Gorin
- Swine Virology Immunology Unit, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), 22440, Ploufragan, France
| | - Gautier Richard
- Swine Virology Immunology Unit, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), 22440, Ploufragan, France
| | - Angélique Moro
- SPF Pig Production and Experimentation, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), 22440, Ploufragan, France
| | - Nicolas Barbier
- Swine Virology Immunology Unit, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), 22440, Ploufragan, France
| | - Gérald Le Diguerher
- SPF Pig Production and Experimentation, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), 22440, Ploufragan, France
| | - Frédéric Paboeuf
- SPF Pig Production and Experimentation, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), 22440, Ploufragan, France
| | - Séverine Hervé
- Swine Virology Immunology Unit, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), 22440, Ploufragan, France
| | - Gaëlle Simon
- Swine Virology Immunology Unit, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), 22440, Ploufragan, France
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Lillie-Jaschniski K, Lisgara M, Pileri E, Jardin A, Velazquez E, Köchling M, Albin M, Casanovas C, Skampardonis V, Stadler J. A New Sampling Approach for the Detection of Swine Influenza a Virus on European Sow Farms. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9070338. [PMID: 35878355 PMCID: PMC9324471 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9070338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Due to concerns in public health and its negative impact on the pig industry the need for Influenza A virus (IAV) surveillance is rising. The gold standard procedure for detecting IAV is to sample acutely diseased pigs. Endemic infections with unspecific clinical signs and low disease prevalence need new approaches. Our study aimed to evaluate a standardized sampling procedure for the detection of IAV in epidemically and endemically infected farms. We performed a cross-sectional study in 131 farms investigating three different age groups per farm in 12 European countries. The results of our investigation indicate that 10 nasal swabs each in suckling piglets, weaners and middle of nursery is a valuable tool for influenza detection and identification of subtypes. However, for farms with a lower prevalence than 15% it is advisable to either increase the number of nasal swabs in each age group or to use group sampling methods. Interestingly, different subtypes were found in different age groups. Thus, our study underlines that sampling of different age groups is mandatory to obtain a comprehensive overview on all circulating variants on farm. In addition, our results highlight that sampling strategies should also consider piglets without obvious clinical signs for IAV infection. Abstract Swine influenza A virus (swIAV), which plays a major role in the porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC), is eliminated from the respiratory tract within 7–9 days after infection. Therefore, diagnosis is complicated in endemically infected swine herds presenting no obvious clinical signs. This study aimed to investigate the right time point for sampling to detect swIAV. A cross-sectional study was performed in 131 farms from 12 European countries. The sampling protocol included suckling piglets, weaners, and nursery pigs. In each age group, 10 nasal swabs were collected and further examined in pools of 5 for swIAV by Matrix rRT-PCR, followed by a multiplex RT-PCR to determine the influenza subtype. SwIAV was detected in 284 (37.9%) of the samples and on 103 (78.6%) farms. Despite the highest number of animals with clinical signs being found in the nursery, the weaners were significantly more often virus-positive compared to nursery pigs (p = 0.048). Overall, the swIAV detection rate did not significantly differ between diseased or non-diseased suckling and nursery piglets, respectively; however, diseased weaners had significantly more positive pools than the non-diseased animals. Interestingly, in 9 farms, different subtypes were detected in different age groups. Our findings indicate that to detect all circulating swIAV subtypes on a farm, different age groups should be sampled. Additionally, the sampling strategy should also aim to include non-diseased animals, especially in the suckling period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Lillie-Jaschniski
- Ceva Tiergesundheit, Kanzlerstraße 4, 40472 Düsseldorf, Germany;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-1733680459
| | | | | | - Agnes Jardin
- Ceva Santé Animale, 10 Avenue de la Ballastière, 33501 Libourne, France;
| | | | - Monika Köchling
- Ceva Tiergesundheit, Kanzlerstraße 4, 40472 Düsseldorf, Germany;
| | - Michael Albin
- Ceva Animal Health Ltd., Ladegaardsvej 2, 7100 Vejle, Denmark;
| | | | - Vassilis Skampardonis
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Economics of Animal Production, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Thessaly, 43132 Karditsa, Greece;
| | - Julia Stadler
- Clinic for Swine, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University, 75000 Munich, Germany;
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Prosperi A, Soliani L, Canelli E, Baioni L, Gabbi V, Torreggiani C, Manfredi R, Calanchi I, Pupillo G, Barsi F, Bassi P, Fiorentini L, Frasnelli M, Fontana MC, Luppi A, Chiapponi C. Influenza A in Wild Boars: Viral Circulation in the Emilia-Romagna Region (Northern Italy) between 2017 and 2022. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12121593. [PMID: 35739929 PMCID: PMC9220169 DOI: 10.3390/ani12121593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Wild boars and feral pigs are underinvestigated hosts for influenza A viruses (IAVs). This study confirmed and evaluated viral circulation in the Emilia-Romagna wild boar population between 2017 and 2022. Samples were collected at post mortems and screened for IAVs; 0.37% of the tested animals provided positive results. Positive samples were subtyped, isolated, and genotyped via full-genome sequencing. The results highlight the co-circulation of the same viral genotypes in overlapping years in both pigs and wild boars in the same geographical area. Considering the role of domestic and wild Sus scrofa species in the IAVs’ ecology, surveillance against these viruses in the wild boar population needs to be implemented. Abstract A systematic surveillance against influenza A viruses (IAVs) in the Suidae population is essential, considering their role as IAV mixing vessels. However, the viral circulation in wild Sus scrofa species is poorly investigated in comparison to the knowledge of IAV infection dynamics in domestic pigs. This study investigated the circulation and the genetic diversity of wild boars’ IAVs detected in the Emilia-Romagna region (2017–2022). A total of 4605 lung samples were screened via an M gene real-time RT-PCR for SwIAV; positive samples were subtyped by multiplex RT-PCR, and viral isolation was attempted. Isolated strains (3 out of the 17 positives) were fully sequenced to evaluate viral genotypic diversity. H1N1 was the most frequently detected subtype, with identification of H1pdm09N1 and H1avN1. Whole-genome phylogenetic analysis revealed SwIAVs belonging to different genotypes, with different genetic combinations, and highlighted the simultaneous circulation of the same genotypes in both pigs and wild boars, supporting the hypothesis of SwIAV spillover events at the wildlife–livestock interface. This study represents an update on the wild boar SwIAV Italian situation, and the strains’ complete genome analysis showed an evolving and interesting situation that deserves further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Prosperi
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Swine Influenza, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), 25124 Brescia, Italy; (L.S.); (L.B.); (V.G.); (C.T.); (R.M.); (I.C.); (G.P.); (F.B.); (P.B.); (L.F.); (M.F.); (M.C.F.); (A.L.); (C.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0521-293733
| | - Laura Soliani
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Swine Influenza, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), 25124 Brescia, Italy; (L.S.); (L.B.); (V.G.); (C.T.); (R.M.); (I.C.); (G.P.); (F.B.); (P.B.); (L.F.); (M.F.); (M.C.F.); (A.L.); (C.C.)
| | - Elena Canelli
- Swine Pratictioner—ECPHM Diplomate, 42030 Viano, Italy;
| | - Laura Baioni
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Swine Influenza, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), 25124 Brescia, Italy; (L.S.); (L.B.); (V.G.); (C.T.); (R.M.); (I.C.); (G.P.); (F.B.); (P.B.); (L.F.); (M.F.); (M.C.F.); (A.L.); (C.C.)
| | - Valentina Gabbi
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Swine Influenza, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), 25124 Brescia, Italy; (L.S.); (L.B.); (V.G.); (C.T.); (R.M.); (I.C.); (G.P.); (F.B.); (P.B.); (L.F.); (M.F.); (M.C.F.); (A.L.); (C.C.)
| | - Camilla Torreggiani
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Swine Influenza, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), 25124 Brescia, Italy; (L.S.); (L.B.); (V.G.); (C.T.); (R.M.); (I.C.); (G.P.); (F.B.); (P.B.); (L.F.); (M.F.); (M.C.F.); (A.L.); (C.C.)
| | - Roberta Manfredi
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Swine Influenza, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), 25124 Brescia, Italy; (L.S.); (L.B.); (V.G.); (C.T.); (R.M.); (I.C.); (G.P.); (F.B.); (P.B.); (L.F.); (M.F.); (M.C.F.); (A.L.); (C.C.)
| | - Irene Calanchi
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Swine Influenza, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), 25124 Brescia, Italy; (L.S.); (L.B.); (V.G.); (C.T.); (R.M.); (I.C.); (G.P.); (F.B.); (P.B.); (L.F.); (M.F.); (M.C.F.); (A.L.); (C.C.)
| | - Giovanni Pupillo
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Swine Influenza, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), 25124 Brescia, Italy; (L.S.); (L.B.); (V.G.); (C.T.); (R.M.); (I.C.); (G.P.); (F.B.); (P.B.); (L.F.); (M.F.); (M.C.F.); (A.L.); (C.C.)
| | - Filippo Barsi
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Swine Influenza, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), 25124 Brescia, Italy; (L.S.); (L.B.); (V.G.); (C.T.); (R.M.); (I.C.); (G.P.); (F.B.); (P.B.); (L.F.); (M.F.); (M.C.F.); (A.L.); (C.C.)
| | - Patrizia Bassi
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Swine Influenza, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), 25124 Brescia, Italy; (L.S.); (L.B.); (V.G.); (C.T.); (R.M.); (I.C.); (G.P.); (F.B.); (P.B.); (L.F.); (M.F.); (M.C.F.); (A.L.); (C.C.)
| | - Laura Fiorentini
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Swine Influenza, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), 25124 Brescia, Italy; (L.S.); (L.B.); (V.G.); (C.T.); (R.M.); (I.C.); (G.P.); (F.B.); (P.B.); (L.F.); (M.F.); (M.C.F.); (A.L.); (C.C.)
| | - Matteo Frasnelli
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Swine Influenza, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), 25124 Brescia, Italy; (L.S.); (L.B.); (V.G.); (C.T.); (R.M.); (I.C.); (G.P.); (F.B.); (P.B.); (L.F.); (M.F.); (M.C.F.); (A.L.); (C.C.)
| | - Maria Cristina Fontana
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Swine Influenza, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), 25124 Brescia, Italy; (L.S.); (L.B.); (V.G.); (C.T.); (R.M.); (I.C.); (G.P.); (F.B.); (P.B.); (L.F.); (M.F.); (M.C.F.); (A.L.); (C.C.)
| | - Andrea Luppi
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Swine Influenza, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), 25124 Brescia, Italy; (L.S.); (L.B.); (V.G.); (C.T.); (R.M.); (I.C.); (G.P.); (F.B.); (P.B.); (L.F.); (M.F.); (M.C.F.); (A.L.); (C.C.)
| | - Chiara Chiapponi
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Swine Influenza, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), 25124 Brescia, Italy; (L.S.); (L.B.); (V.G.); (C.T.); (R.M.); (I.C.); (G.P.); (F.B.); (P.B.); (L.F.); (M.F.); (M.C.F.); (A.L.); (C.C.)
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Parys A, Vandoorn E, Chiers K, Van Reeth K. Alternating 3 different influenza vaccines for swine in Europe for a broader antibody response and protection. Vet Res 2022; 53:44. [PMID: 35705993 PMCID: PMC9202218 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-022-01060-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterologous prime-boost vaccination with experimental or commercial influenza vaccines has been successful in various animal species. In this study, we have examined the efficacy of alternating 3 different European commercial swine influenza A virus (swIAV) vaccines: the trivalent Respiporc® FLU3 (TIV), the bivalent GRIPORK® (BIV) and the monovalent Respiporc® FLUpan H1N1 (MOV). Five groups of 6 pigs each received 3 vaccinations at 4-6 week intervals in a homologous or heterologous prime-boost regimen. A sixth group served as a mock-vaccinated challenge control. Four weeks after the last vaccination, pigs were challenged intranasally with a European avian-like H1N1 (1C.2.1) swIAV, which was antigenically distinct from the vaccine strains. One heterologous prime-boost group (TIV-BIV-MOV) had higher hemagglutination inhibition (HI) and neuraminidase inhibition antibody responses against a panel of antigenically distinct H1N1, H1N2 and H3N2 IAVs than the other heterologous prime-boost group (BIV-TIV-MOV) and the homologous prime-boost groups (3xTIV; 3xBIV; 3xMOV). Group TIV-BIV-MOV had seroprotective HI titers (≥ 40) against 56% of the tested viruses compared to 33% in group BIV-TIV-MOV and 22-39% in the homologous prime-boost groups. Post-challenge, group TIV-BIV-MOV was the single group with significantly reduced virus titers in all respiratory samples compared to the challenge control group. Our results suggest that the use of different commercial swIAV vaccines for successive vaccinations may result in broader antibody responses and protection than the traditional, homologous prime-boost vaccination regimens. In addition, the order in which the different vaccines are administered seems to affect the breadth of the antibody response and protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Parys
- Laboratory of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Elien Vandoorn
- Laboratory of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Koen Chiers
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Kristien Van Reeth
- Laboratory of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium.
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Genetic Variability among Swine Influenza Viruses in Italy: Data Analysis of the Period 2017-2020. Viruses 2021; 14:v14010047. [PMID: 35062251 PMCID: PMC8781872 DOI: 10.3390/v14010047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Swine play an important role in the ecology of influenza A viruses (IAVs), acting as mixing vessels. Swine (sw) IAVs of H1N1 (including H1N1pdm09), H3N2, and H1N2 subtypes are enzootic in pigs globally, with different geographic distributions. This study investigated the genetic diversity of swIAVs detected during passive surveillance of pig farms in Northern Italy between 2017 and 2020. A total of 672 samples, IAV-positive according to RT-PCR, were subtyped by multiplex RT-PCR. A selection of strains was fully sequenced. High genotypic diversity was detected among the H1N1 and H1N2 strains, while the H3N2 strains showed a stable genetic pattern. The hemagglutinin of the H1Nx swIAVs belonged to HA-1A, HA-1B, and HA-1C lineages. Increasing variability was found in HA-1C strains with the circulation of HA-1C.2, HA-1C.2.1 and HA-1C.2.2 sublineages. Amino acid deletions in the HA-1C receptor binding site were observed and antigenic drift was confirmed. HA-1B strains were mostly represented by the Δ146-147 Italian lineage HA-1B.1.2.2, in combination with the 1990s human-derived NA gene. One antigenic variant cluster in HA-1A strains was identified in 2020. SwIAV circulation in pigs must be monitored continuously since the IAVs’ evolution could generate strains with zoonotic potential.
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Terrier O, Si-Tahar M, Ducatez M, Chevalier C, Pizzorno A, Le Goffic R, Crépin T, Simon G, Naffakh N. Influenza viruses and coronaviruses: Knowns, unknowns, and common research challenges. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1010106. [PMID: 34969061 PMCID: PMC8718010 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of safe and effective vaccines in a record time after the emergence of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a remarkable achievement, partly based on the experience gained from multiple viral outbreaks in the past decades. However, the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) crisis also revealed weaknesses in the global pandemic response and large gaps that remain in our knowledge of the biology of coronaviruses (CoVs) and influenza viruses, the 2 major respiratory viruses with pandemic potential. Here, we review current knowns and unknowns of influenza viruses and CoVs, and we highlight common research challenges they pose in 3 areas: the mechanisms of viral emergence and adaptation to humans, the physiological and molecular determinants of disease severity, and the development of control strategies. We outline multidisciplinary approaches and technological innovations that need to be harnessed in order to improve preparedeness to the next pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Terrier
- CNRS GDR2073 ResaFlu, Groupement de Recherche sur les Virus Influenza, France
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (Team VirPath), Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Mustapha Si-Tahar
- CNRS GDR2073 ResaFlu, Groupement de Recherche sur les Virus Influenza, France
- Inserm U1100, Research Center for Respiratory Diseases (CEPR), Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Mariette Ducatez
- CNRS GDR2073 ResaFlu, Groupement de Recherche sur les Virus Influenza, France
- IHAP, UMR1225, Université de Toulouse, ENVT, INRAE, Toulouse, France
| | - Christophe Chevalier
- CNRS GDR2073 ResaFlu, Groupement de Recherche sur les Virus Influenza, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, VIM, Equipe Virus Influenza, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Andrés Pizzorno
- CNRS GDR2073 ResaFlu, Groupement de Recherche sur les Virus Influenza, France
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (Team VirPath), Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Ronan Le Goffic
- CNRS GDR2073 ResaFlu, Groupement de Recherche sur les Virus Influenza, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, VIM, Equipe Virus Influenza, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Thibaut Crépin
- CNRS GDR2073 ResaFlu, Groupement de Recherche sur les Virus Influenza, France
- Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Grenoble, France
| | - Gaëlle Simon
- CNRS GDR2073 ResaFlu, Groupement de Recherche sur les Virus Influenza, France
- Swine Virology Immunology Unit, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, ANSES, Ploufragan, France
| | - Nadia Naffakh
- CNRS GDR2073 ResaFlu, Groupement de Recherche sur les Virus Influenza, France
- RNA Biology and Influenza Virus Unit, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3569, Université de Paris, Paris, France
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7
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Hervé S, Schmitz A, Briand FX, Gorin S, Quéguiner S, Niqueux É, Paboeuf F, Scoizec A, Le Bouquin-Leneveu S, Eterradossi N, Simon G. Serological Evidence of Backyard Pig Exposure to Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N8 Virus during 2016-2017 Epizootic in France. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10050621. [PMID: 34070190 PMCID: PMC8158469 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10050621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In autumn/winter 2016-2017, HPAI-H5N8 viruses belonging to the A/goose/Guandong/1/1996 (Gs/Gd) lineage, clade 2.3.4.4b, were responsible for outbreaks in domestic poultry in Europe, and veterinarians were requested to reinforce surveillance of pigs bred in HPAI-H5Nx confirmed mixed herds. In this context, ten pig herds were visited in southwestern France from December 2016 to May 2017 and serological analyses for influenza A virus (IAV) infections were carried out by ELISA and hemagglutination inhibition assays. In one herd, one backyard pig was shown to have produced antibodies directed against a virus bearing a H5 from clade 2.3.4.4b, suggesting it would have been infected naturally after close contact with HPAI-H5N8 contaminated domestic ducks. Whereas pigs and other mammals, including humans, may have limited sensitivity to HPAI-H5 clade 2.3.4.4b, this information recalls the importance of implementing appropriate biosecurity measures in pig and poultry farms to avoid IAV interspecies transmission, a prerequisite for co-infections and subsequent emergence of new viral genotypes whose impact on both animal and human health cannot be predicted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Séverine Hervé
- Swine Virology Immunology Unit, National Reference Laboratory for Swine Influenza, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), 22440 Ploufragan, France; (S.G.); (S.Q.); (G.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Audrey Schmitz
- Avian and Rabbit Virology Immunology and Parasitology Unit, National Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), 22440 Ploufragan, France; (A.S.); (F.-X.B.); (É.N.); (N.E.)
| | - François-Xavier Briand
- Avian and Rabbit Virology Immunology and Parasitology Unit, National Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), 22440 Ploufragan, France; (A.S.); (F.-X.B.); (É.N.); (N.E.)
| | - Stéphane Gorin
- Swine Virology Immunology Unit, National Reference Laboratory for Swine Influenza, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), 22440 Ploufragan, France; (S.G.); (S.Q.); (G.S.)
| | - Stéphane Quéguiner
- Swine Virology Immunology Unit, National Reference Laboratory for Swine Influenza, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), 22440 Ploufragan, France; (S.G.); (S.Q.); (G.S.)
| | - Éric Niqueux
- Avian and Rabbit Virology Immunology and Parasitology Unit, National Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), 22440 Ploufragan, France; (A.S.); (F.-X.B.); (É.N.); (N.E.)
| | - Frédéric Paboeuf
- SPF Pig Production and Experimentation, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, French Agency for food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), 22440 Ploufragan, France;
| | - Axelle Scoizec
- Epidemiology, Health and Welfare Unit, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), 22440 Ploufragan, France; (A.S.); (S.L.B.-L.)
| | - Sophie Le Bouquin-Leneveu
- Epidemiology, Health and Welfare Unit, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), 22440 Ploufragan, France; (A.S.); (S.L.B.-L.)
| | - Nicolas Eterradossi
- Avian and Rabbit Virology Immunology and Parasitology Unit, National Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), 22440 Ploufragan, France; (A.S.); (F.-X.B.); (É.N.); (N.E.)
| | - Gaëlle Simon
- Swine Virology Immunology Unit, National Reference Laboratory for Swine Influenza, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), 22440 Ploufragan, France; (S.G.); (S.Q.); (G.S.)
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