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Siede C, Komainda M, Tonn B, Wolter SMC, Schmitz A, Isselstein J. An inventory of grassland use on horse farms. J Equine Vet Sci 2024; 134:105011. [PMID: 38281609 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2024.105011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Horses can contribute to the maintenance of grassland. To determine the potential contribution of grassland to horse nutrition, we investigated the seasonal variation of herbage on offer and its nutritional quality in an inventory on six practical horse farms in Central Germany during 2019. On all horse-grazed pastures compressed sward height (CSH) was measured monthly and converted into aboveground herbage (AGH) to allocated short and tall grass sward areas (area-specific) via calibration cuts. In addition, four focus pastures were selected for monthly obtained area-specific herbage quality samples. The farm-specific management was monitored using questionnaires and grazing diaries to determine underlying factors influencing herbage biomass and quality. The proportion of short grass sward areas increased during the grazing season (p=0.0010), which was related to high stocking intensity in terms of livestock unit grazing days (LUGD, p <.0001). On most farms, LUGD were constant throughout the growing season and not adjusted to changing grass growth. Herbage crude protein (CP, p=0.0038), metabolizable energy (ME, p <.0001) concentrations and acid detergent fibre in the organic matter (ADF, p <.0001) differed among the grass sward areas. The results suggest that sufficient ME (4.2 ± 0.32 - 8.4 ± 0.15 MJ ME kg-1 DM) for maintenance and pre-caecal digestible CP (pcdCP) (37.0 ± 3.86 - 77.4 ± 4.44 g kg-1 DM) could be provided during the grazing season. The study highlights the need to incentivise grassland management for herbage provision among horse owners to exploit the potential of grassland during the grazing season.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Siede
- Department of Crop Sciences, Grassland Science, University of Goettingen, Von-Siebold-Str. 8, 37075 Göttingen, Germany.
| | - M Komainda
- Department of Crop Sciences, Grassland Science, University of Goettingen, Von-Siebold-Str. 8, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - B Tonn
- Department of Livestock Science, Group Animal Nutrition, FiBL Switzerland, Ackerstr. 113, 5070 Frick, Switzerland
| | - S M C Wolter
- Department of Crop Sciences, Grassland Science, University of Goettingen, Von-Siebold-Str. 8, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - A Schmitz
- Department of Crop Sciences, Grassland Science, University of Goettingen, Von-Siebold-Str. 8, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - J Isselstein
- Department of Crop Sciences, Grassland Science, University of Goettingen, Von-Siebold-Str. 8, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; Center of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use, University of Goettingen, Büsgenweg 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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2
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Scoizec A, Niqueux E, Schmitz A, Grasland B, Palumbo L, Huneau-Salaün A, Le Bouquin S. New Patterns for Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza and Adjustment of Prevention, Control and Surveillance Strategies: The Example of France. Viruses 2024; 16:101. [PMID: 38257801 PMCID: PMC10819649 DOI: 10.3390/v16010101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
From 2020 up to summer 2023, there was a substantial change in the situation concerning the high pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus in Europe. This change concerned mainly virus circulation within wildlife, both in wild birds and wild mammals. It involved the seasonality of HPAI detections, the species affected, excess mortality events, and the apparent increased level of contamination in wild birds. The knock-on effect concerned new impacts and challenges for the poultry sector, which is affected by repeated annual waves of HPAI arriving with wild migratory birds and by risks due to viral circulation within resident wild birds across the year. Indeed, exceeding expectations, new poultry sectors and production areas have been affected during the recent HPAI seasons in France. The HPAI virus strains involved also generate considerable concern about human health because of enhanced risks of species barrier crossing. In this article, we present these changes in detail, along with the required adjustment of prevention, control, and surveillance strategies, focusing specifically on the situation in France.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axelle Scoizec
- Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Epidemiology Health and Welfare Unit, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), BP53, 22440 Ploufragan, France; (A.H.-S.); (S.L.B.)
| | - Eric Niqueux
- Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Avian & Rabbit Virology, Immunology & Parasitology Unit, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), BP53, 22440 Ploufragan, France; (E.N.); (A.S.); (B.G.)
| | - Audrey Schmitz
- Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Avian & Rabbit Virology, Immunology & Parasitology Unit, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), BP53, 22440 Ploufragan, France; (E.N.); (A.S.); (B.G.)
| | - Béatrice Grasland
- Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Avian & Rabbit Virology, Immunology & Parasitology Unit, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), BP53, 22440 Ploufragan, France; (E.N.); (A.S.); (B.G.)
| | - Loïc Palumbo
- Research and Scientific Support Department (DRAS), Wildlife Health and Agricultural Ecosystem Functioning Department (SantéAgri), National Biodiversity Office (OFB), 9 Av. Buffon, 45100 Orléans, France;
| | - Adeline Huneau-Salaün
- Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Epidemiology Health and Welfare Unit, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), BP53, 22440 Ploufragan, France; (A.H.-S.); (S.L.B.)
| | - Sophie Le Bouquin
- Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Epidemiology Health and Welfare Unit, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), BP53, 22440 Ploufragan, France; (A.H.-S.); (S.L.B.)
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3
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Briand FX, Souchaud F, Pierre I, Beven V, Hirchaud E, Hérault F, Planel R, Rigaudeau A, Bernard-Stoecklin S, Van der Werf S, Lina B, Gerbier G, Eterradossi N, Schmitz A, Niqueux E, Grasland B. Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Clade 2.3.4.4b Virus in Domestic Cat, France, 2022. Emerg Infect Dis 2023; 29. [PMID: 37379514 PMCID: PMC10370847 DOI: 10.3201/eid2908.230188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
We detected highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4b virus in a domestic cat that lived near a duck farm infected by a closely related virus in France during December 2022. Enhanced surveillance of symptomatic domestic carnivores in contact with infected birds is recommended to prevent further spread to mammals and humans.
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4
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Niqueux É, Flodrops M, Allée C, Lebras MO, Pierre I, Louboutin K, Guillemoto C, Le Prioux A, Le Bouquin-Leneveu S, Keïta A, Amelot M, Martenot C, Massin P, Cherbonnel-Pansart M, Briand FX, Schmitz A, Cazaban C, Dauphin G, Delquigny T, Lemière S, Watier JM, Mogler M, Tarpey I, Grasland B, Eterradossi N. Evaluation of three hemagglutinin-based vaccines for the experimental control of a panzootic clade 2.3.4.4b A(H5N8) high pathogenicity avian influenza virus in mule ducks. Vaccine 2023; 41:145-158. [PMID: 36411134 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In France during winter 2016-2017, 487 outbreaks of clade 2.3.4.4b H5N8 subtype high pathogenicity (HP) avian influenza A virus (AIV) infections were detected in poultry and captive birds. During this epizootic, HPAIV A/decoy duck/France/161105a/2016 (H5N8) was isolated and characterized in an experimental infection transmission model in conventional mule ducks. To investigate options to possibly protect such ducks against this HPAIV, three vaccines were evaluated in controlled conditions. The first experimental vaccine was derived from the hemagglutinin gene of another clade 2.3.4.4b A(H5N8) HPAIV. It was injected at three weeks of age, either alone (Vac1) or after a primer injection at day-old (Vac1 + boost). The second vaccine (Vac2) was a commercial bivalent adjuvanted vaccine containing an expressed hemagglutinin modified from a clade 2.3.2 A(H5N1) HPAIV. Vac2 was administered as a single injection at two weeks of age. The third experimental vaccine (Vac3) also incorporated a homologous 2.3.4.4b H5 HA gene and was administered as a single injection at three weeks of age. Ducks were challenged with HPAIV A/decoy duck/France/161105a/2016 (H5N8) at six weeks of age. Post-challenge virus excretion was monitored in vaccinated and control birds every 2-3 days for two weeks using real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and serological analyses (haemagglutination inhibition test against H5N8, H5 ELISA and AIV ELISA) were performed. Vac1 abolished oropharyngeal and cloacal shedding to almost undetectable levels, whereas Vac3 abolished cloacal shedding only (while partially reducing respiratory shedding) and Vac2 only partly reduced the respiratory and intestinal excretion of the challenge virus. These results provided relevant insights in the immunogenicity of recombinant H5 vaccines in mule ducks, a rarely investigated hybrid between Pekin and Muscovy duck species that has played a critical role in the recent H5 HPAI epizootics in France.
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Affiliation(s)
- Éric Niqueux
- Anses (French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety), Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Avian and Rabbit Virology Immunology and Parasitology Unit, National Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza, BP53, 22440 Ploufragan, France
| | - Marion Flodrops
- Anses (French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety), Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Avian and Rabbit Virology Immunology and Parasitology Unit, National Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza, BP53, 22440 Ploufragan, France
| | - Chantal Allée
- Anses (French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety), Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Avian and Rabbit Virology Immunology and Parasitology Unit, National Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza, BP53, 22440 Ploufragan, France
| | - Marie-Odile Lebras
- Anses (French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety), Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Avian and Rabbit Virology Immunology and Parasitology Unit, National Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza, BP53, 22440 Ploufragan, France
| | - Isabelle Pierre
- Anses (French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety), Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Avian and Rabbit Virology Immunology and Parasitology Unit, National Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza, BP53, 22440 Ploufragan, France
| | - Katell Louboutin
- Anses (French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety), Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Avian and Rabbit Virology Immunology and Parasitology Unit, National Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza, BP53, 22440 Ploufragan, France
| | - Carole Guillemoto
- Anses (French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety), Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Avian and Rabbit Virology Immunology and Parasitology Unit, National Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza, BP53, 22440 Ploufragan, France
| | - Aurélie Le Prioux
- Anses (French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety), Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Avian and Rabbit Virology Immunology and Parasitology Unit, National Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza, BP53, 22440 Ploufragan, France
| | - Sophie Le Bouquin-Leneveu
- Anses (French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety), Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Epidemiology Health and Welfare Unit, BP53, 22440 Ploufragan, France
| | - Alassane Keïta
- Anses (French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety), Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Avian Experimentation and Breeding Service, BP53, 22440 Ploufragan, France
| | - Michel Amelot
- Anses (French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety), Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Avian Experimentation and Breeding Service, BP53, 22440 Ploufragan, France
| | - Claire Martenot
- Anses (French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety), Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Avian and Rabbit Virology Immunology and Parasitology Unit, National Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza, BP53, 22440 Ploufragan, France
| | - Pascale Massin
- Anses (French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety), Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Avian and Rabbit Virology Immunology and Parasitology Unit, National Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza, BP53, 22440 Ploufragan, France
| | - Martine Cherbonnel-Pansart
- Anses (French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety), Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Avian and Rabbit Virology Immunology and Parasitology Unit, National Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza, BP53, 22440 Ploufragan, France
| | - François-Xavier Briand
- Anses (French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety), Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Avian and Rabbit Virology Immunology and Parasitology Unit, National Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza, BP53, 22440 Ploufragan, France
| | - Audrey Schmitz
- Anses (French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety), Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Avian and Rabbit Virology Immunology and Parasitology Unit, National Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza, BP53, 22440 Ploufragan, France
| | | | - Gwenaëlle Dauphin
- Ceva Santé Animale, 10 Avenue de la Ballastière, 33500 Libourne, France
| | - Thomas Delquigny
- Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health, 29 avenue Tony Garnier, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Stéphane Lemière
- Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health, 29 avenue Tony Garnier, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Jean-Marie Watier
- MSD Santé Animale, 7 rue Olivier de Serres, BP 17144, 49071 Beaucouzé Cedex, France
| | - Mark Mogler
- Merck Animal Health, Ames, IA 50010, United States of America
| | - Ian Tarpey
- MSD Animal Health, Walton Manor, Milton Keynes MK7 7AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Béatrice Grasland
- Anses (French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety), Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Avian and Rabbit Virology Immunology and Parasitology Unit, National Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza, BP53, 22440 Ploufragan, France.
| | - Nicolas Eterradossi
- Anses (French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety), Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Avian and Rabbit Virology Immunology and Parasitology Unit, National Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza, BP53, 22440 Ploufragan, France
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5
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Briand FX, Niqueux E, Schmitz A, Martenot C, Cherbonnel M, Massin P, Busson R, Guillemoto C, Pierre I, Louboutin K, Souchaud F, Allée C, Quenault H, Lucas P, de Wiele AV, Blanchard Y, Eterradossi N, Scoizec A, Bouquin-Leneveu SL, Rautureau S, Lambert Y, Grasland B. Multiple independent introductions of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5 viruses during the 2020-2021 epizootic in France. Transbound Emerg Dis 2022; 69:4028-4033. [PMID: 36161777 PMCID: PMC10092607 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
During winter 2020-2021, France and other European countries were severely affected by highly pathogenic avian influenza H5 viruses of the Gs/GD/96 lineage, clade 2.3.4.4b. In total, 519 cases occurred, mainly in domestic waterfowl farms in Southwestern France. Analysis of viral genomic sequences indicated that 3 subtypes of HPAI H5 viruses were detected (H5N1, H5N3, H5N8), but most French viruses belonged to the H5N8 subtype genotype A, as Europe. Phylogenetic analyses of HPAI H5N8 viruses revealed that the French sequences were distributed in 9 genogroups, suggesting 9 independent introductions of H5N8 from wild birds, in addition to the 2 introductions of H5N1 and H5N3.
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Affiliation(s)
- François-Xavier Briand
- Anses, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Ploufragan, France.,French national reference laboratory for avian influenza and Newcastle disease, Ploufragan, France
| | - Eric Niqueux
- Anses, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Ploufragan, France.,French national reference laboratory for avian influenza and Newcastle disease, Ploufragan, France
| | - Audrey Schmitz
- Anses, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Ploufragan, France.,French national reference laboratory for avian influenza and Newcastle disease, Ploufragan, France
| | - Claire Martenot
- Anses, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Ploufragan, France.,French national reference laboratory for avian influenza and Newcastle disease, Ploufragan, France
| | - Martine Cherbonnel
- Anses, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Ploufragan, France.,French national reference laboratory for avian influenza and Newcastle disease, Ploufragan, France
| | - Pascale Massin
- Anses, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Ploufragan, France.,French national reference laboratory for avian influenza and Newcastle disease, Ploufragan, France
| | - Rachel Busson
- Anses, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Ploufragan, France.,French national reference laboratory for avian influenza and Newcastle disease, Ploufragan, France
| | - Carole Guillemoto
- Anses, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Ploufragan, France.,French national reference laboratory for avian influenza and Newcastle disease, Ploufragan, France
| | - Isabelle Pierre
- Anses, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Ploufragan, France.,French national reference laboratory for avian influenza and Newcastle disease, Ploufragan, France
| | - Katell Louboutin
- Anses, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Ploufragan, France.,French national reference laboratory for avian influenza and Newcastle disease, Ploufragan, France
| | - Florent Souchaud
- Anses, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Ploufragan, France.,French national reference laboratory for avian influenza and Newcastle disease, Ploufragan, France
| | - Chantal Allée
- Anses, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Ploufragan, France.,French national reference laboratory for avian influenza and Newcastle disease, Ploufragan, France
| | - Helene Quenault
- Anses, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Ploufragan, France
| | - Pierrick Lucas
- Anses, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Ploufragan, France
| | | | | | | | - Axelle Scoizec
- Anses, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Ploufragan, France
| | | | | | | | - Béatrice Grasland
- Anses, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Ploufragan, France.,French national reference laboratory for avian influenza and Newcastle disease, Ploufragan, France
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Briand FX, Schmitz A, Scoizec A, Allée C, Busson R, Guillemoto C, Quenault H, Lucas P, Pierre I, Louboutin K, Guillou-Cloarec C, Martenot C, Cherbonnel-Pansart M, Thomas R, Massin P, Souchaud F, Blanchard Y, Steensels M, Lambrecht B, Eterradossi N, Le Bouquin S, Niqueux E, Grasland B. Concomitant NA and NS deletion on avian Influenza H3N1 virus associated with hen mortality in France in 2019. Infect Genet Evol 2022; 104:105356. [PMID: 36038008 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2022.105356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
An H3N1 avian influenza virus was detected in a laying hens farm in May 2019 which had experienced 25% mortality in Northern France. The complete sequencing of this virus showed that all segment sequences belonged to the Eurasian lineage and were phylogenetically very close to many of the Belgian H3N1 viruses detected in 2019. The French virus presented two genetic particularities with NA and NS deletions that could be related to virus adaptation from wild to domestic birds and could increase virulence, respectively. Molecular data of H3N1 viruses suggest that these two deletions occurred at two different times.
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Williams M, Pelekanou V, Hoehne J, Zoete J, Schmitz A, Bal T, Banerji T, Ferrer J, Bernard-Gauthier V, Rudolph M, Theron M, Cabanillas M, Lenga M, Di Tomaso E. 1648P Deep learning identifies oncogenic genetic alterations in BRAF and NTRK in H&E whole slide images from thyroid carcinomas. Ann Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.07.1728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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8
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Chakraborty D, Guinat C, Müller NF, Briand F, Andraud M, Scoizec A, Lebouquin S, Niqueux E, Schmitz A, Grasland B, Guerin J, Paul MC, Vergne T. Phylodynamic analysis of the highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N8 epidemic in France, 2016-2017. Transbound Emerg Dis 2022; 69:e1574-e1583. [PMID: 35195353 PMCID: PMC9790735 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In 2016-2017, France experienced a devastating epidemic of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N8, with more than 400 outbreaks reported in poultry farms. We analyzed the spatiotemporal dynamics of the epidemic using a structured-coalescent-based phylodynamic approach that combined viral genomic data (n = 196; one viral genome per farm) and epidemiological data. In the process, we estimated viral migration rates between départements (French administrative regions) and the temporal dynamics of the effective viral population size (Ne) in each département. Viral migration rates quantify viral spread between départements and Ne is a population genetic measure of the epidemic size and, in turn, is indicative of the within-département transmission intensity. We extended the phylodynamic analysis with a generalized linear model to assess the impact of multiple factors-including large-scale preventive culling and live-duck movement bans-on viral migration rates and Ne. We showed that the large-scale culling of ducks that was initiated on 4 January 2017 significantly reduced the viral spread between départements. No relationship was found between the viral spread and duck movements between départements. The within-département transmission intensity was found to be weakly associated with the intensity of duck movements within départements. Together, these results indicated that the virus spread in short distances, either between adjacent départements or within départements. Results also suggested that the restrictions on duck transport within départements might not have stopped the viral spread completely. Overall, we demonstrated the usefulness of phylodynamics in characterizing the dynamics of a HPAI epidemic and assessing control measures. This method can be adapted to investigate other epidemics of fast-evolving livestock pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Claire Guinat
- Department of Biosystems Science and EngineeringETH ZürichMattenstrasseBaselSwitzerland,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB)LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Nicola F. Müller
- Vaccine and Infectious DiseaseFred Hutchinson Cancer Research CentreSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Francois‐Xavier Briand
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES) Laboratory of Ploufragan‐Plouzané‐NiortPloufraganFrance
| | - Mathieu Andraud
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES) Laboratory of Ploufragan‐Plouzané‐NiortPloufraganFrance
| | - Axelle Scoizec
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES) Laboratory of Ploufragan‐Plouzané‐NiortPloufraganFrance
| | - Sophie Lebouquin
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES) Laboratory of Ploufragan‐Plouzané‐NiortPloufraganFrance
| | - Eric Niqueux
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES) Laboratory of Ploufragan‐Plouzané‐NiortPloufraganFrance
| | - Audrey Schmitz
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES) Laboratory of Ploufragan‐Plouzané‐NiortPloufraganFrance
| | - Beatrice Grasland
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES) Laboratory of Ploufragan‐Plouzané‐NiortPloufraganFrance
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9
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Toliver B, Schmitz A, Haste P. Abstract No. 183 Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt reduction for medically refractory hepatic encephalopathy. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2022.03.264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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10
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Hayer J, Nysar D, Schmitz A, Leubner C, Heinemann C, Steinhoff-Wagner J. Wound lesions caused by ear tagging in unweaned calves: assessing the prevalence of wound lesions and identifying risk factors. Animal 2022; 16:100454. [DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2022.100454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Huneau-Salaün A, Scoizec A, Thomas R, Martenot C, Schmitz A, Pierre I, Allée C, Busson R, Massin P, Briand FX, Guillemoto C, Louboutin K, Souchaud F, Cherbonnel-Pansart M, Niqueux E, Grasland B, Souillard R, Bouquin SL. Avian influenza outbreaks: evaluating the efficacy of cleaning and disinfection of vehicles and transport crates. Poult Sci 2021; 101:101569. [PMID: 34823166 PMCID: PMC8626697 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2021, France faced large avian influenza outbreaks, like in 2016 and 2017. Controlling these outbreaks required the preventive depopulation of a large number of duck farms. A previous study in 2017 showed that the quality of decontamination of trucks and transport crates used for depopulation was often insufficient. A new study was then set up to evaluate cleaning and disinfection (C&D) of trucks and crates used for duck depopulation and whether practices had changed since 2017. Three methods were used to assess decontamination: 1) detection of avian influenza virus (AIV) genome, 2) visual inspection of cleanliness, and 3) microbial counts, considering that 2 and 3 are commonly used in abattoirs. Another objective of the study was to evaluate the correlation between results obtained with the 3 methods. In 5 abattoirs, 8 trucks and their crates were sampled by swabbing to detect AIV genome by rRT-PCR before and after decontamination. Visual cleanliness scores and coliform counts were also determined on crates after C&D. Trucks and crates were decontaminated according to the abattoirs' protocols. Before C&D, 3 quarters of crates (59/79) and 7 of 8 trucks were positive for AIV genome. C&D procedures were reinforced in 2021 compared to 2017; use of detergent solution and warm water were more common. Nevertheless, 28% of the crates were positive for AIV genome after C&D, despite the fact that cleaning scores and microbiological counts were satisfactory for 84% and 91% of the crates, respectively. No correlation was observed between results for AIV genome detection and results from visual control or from coliform counts. Abattoirs are encouraged to use environmental sampling coupled with AIV genome detection to monitor the quality of cleaning and disinfection of trucks and crates during AI outbreaks. Reinforcement of biosecurity measures at abattoirs is still needed to avoid residual contamination of the equipment and cross-contamination during the decontamination process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Axelle Scoizec
- ANSES - Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Ploufragan 22440, France
| | - Rodolphe Thomas
- ANSES - Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Ploufragan 22440, France
| | - Claire Martenot
- ANSES - Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Ploufragan 22440, France
| | - Audrey Schmitz
- ANSES - Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Ploufragan 22440, France
| | - Isabelle Pierre
- ANSES - Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Ploufragan 22440, France
| | - Chantal Allée
- ANSES - Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Ploufragan 22440, France
| | - Rachel Busson
- ANSES - Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Ploufragan 22440, France
| | - Pascale Massin
- ANSES - Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Ploufragan 22440, France
| | | | - Carole Guillemoto
- ANSES - Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Ploufragan 22440, France
| | - Katell Louboutin
- ANSES - Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Ploufragan 22440, France
| | - Florent Souchaud
- ANSES - Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Ploufragan 22440, France
| | | | - Eric Niqueux
- ANSES - Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Ploufragan 22440, France
| | - Béatrice Grasland
- ANSES - Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Ploufragan 22440, France
| | - Rozenn Souillard
- ANSES - Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Ploufragan 22440, France
| | - Sophie Le Bouquin
- ANSES - Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Ploufragan 22440, France
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Briand FX, Niqueux E, Schmitz A, Martenot C, Cherbonnel M, Massin P, Kerbrat F, Chatel M, Guillemoto C, Guillou-Cloarec C, Ogor K, Le Prioux A, Allée C, Beven V, Hirchaud E, Blanchard Y, Scoizec A, Le Bouquin S, Eterradossi N, Grasland B. Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N8) Virus Spread by Short- and Long-Range Transmission, France, 2016-17. Emerg Infect Dis 2021; 27:508-516. [PMID: 33496244 PMCID: PMC7853534 DOI: 10.3201/eid2702.202920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We detected 3 genotypes of highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N8) virus in France during winter 2016–17. Genotype A viruses caused dramatic economic losses in the domestic duck farm industry in southwestern France. Our phylogenetic analysis suggests that genotype A viruses formed 5 distinct geographic clusters in southwestern France. In some clusters, local secondary transmission might have been started by a single introduction. The intensity of the viral spread seems to correspond to the density of duck holdings in each production area. To avoid the introduction of disease into an unaffected area, it is crucial that authorities limit the movements of potentially infected birds.
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Hervé S, Schmitz A, Briand FX, Gorin S, Quéguiner S, Niqueux É, Paboeuf F, Scoizec A, Le Bouquin-Leneveu S, Eterradossi N, Simon G. Serological Evidence of Backyard Pig Exposure to Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N8 Virus during 2016-2017 Epizootic in France. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10050621. [PMID: 34070190 PMCID: PMC8158469 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10050621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In autumn/winter 2016-2017, HPAI-H5N8 viruses belonging to the A/goose/Guandong/1/1996 (Gs/Gd) lineage, clade 2.3.4.4b, were responsible for outbreaks in domestic poultry in Europe, and veterinarians were requested to reinforce surveillance of pigs bred in HPAI-H5Nx confirmed mixed herds. In this context, ten pig herds were visited in southwestern France from December 2016 to May 2017 and serological analyses for influenza A virus (IAV) infections were carried out by ELISA and hemagglutination inhibition assays. In one herd, one backyard pig was shown to have produced antibodies directed against a virus bearing a H5 from clade 2.3.4.4b, suggesting it would have been infected naturally after close contact with HPAI-H5N8 contaminated domestic ducks. Whereas pigs and other mammals, including humans, may have limited sensitivity to HPAI-H5 clade 2.3.4.4b, this information recalls the importance of implementing appropriate biosecurity measures in pig and poultry farms to avoid IAV interspecies transmission, a prerequisite for co-infections and subsequent emergence of new viral genotypes whose impact on both animal and human health cannot be predicted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Séverine Hervé
- Swine Virology Immunology Unit, National Reference Laboratory for Swine Influenza, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), 22440 Ploufragan, France; (S.G.); (S.Q.); (G.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Audrey Schmitz
- Avian and Rabbit Virology Immunology and Parasitology Unit, National Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), 22440 Ploufragan, France; (A.S.); (F.-X.B.); (É.N.); (N.E.)
| | - François-Xavier Briand
- Avian and Rabbit Virology Immunology and Parasitology Unit, National Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), 22440 Ploufragan, France; (A.S.); (F.-X.B.); (É.N.); (N.E.)
| | - Stéphane Gorin
- Swine Virology Immunology Unit, National Reference Laboratory for Swine Influenza, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), 22440 Ploufragan, France; (S.G.); (S.Q.); (G.S.)
| | - Stéphane Quéguiner
- Swine Virology Immunology Unit, National Reference Laboratory for Swine Influenza, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), 22440 Ploufragan, France; (S.G.); (S.Q.); (G.S.)
| | - Éric Niqueux
- Avian and Rabbit Virology Immunology and Parasitology Unit, National Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), 22440 Ploufragan, France; (A.S.); (F.-X.B.); (É.N.); (N.E.)
| | - Frédéric Paboeuf
- SPF Pig Production and Experimentation, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, French Agency for food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), 22440 Ploufragan, France;
| | - Axelle Scoizec
- Epidemiology, Health and Welfare Unit, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), 22440 Ploufragan, France; (A.S.); (S.L.B.-L.)
| | - Sophie Le Bouquin-Leneveu
- Epidemiology, Health and Welfare Unit, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), 22440 Ploufragan, France; (A.S.); (S.L.B.-L.)
| | - Nicolas Eterradossi
- Avian and Rabbit Virology Immunology and Parasitology Unit, National Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), 22440 Ploufragan, France; (A.S.); (F.-X.B.); (É.N.); (N.E.)
| | - Gaëlle Simon
- Swine Virology Immunology Unit, National Reference Laboratory for Swine Influenza, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), 22440 Ploufragan, France; (S.G.); (S.Q.); (G.S.)
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Zhang W, Schulze-Rath R, Farahmand B, Bender S, Schmitz A, Tukiainen M, Perälä M, Zong J. 132P TRKing PTC patients: NTRK gene fusion frequency and clinical characteristics of a Finnish papillary thyroid cancer cohort. Ann Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.08.253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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15
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Massin P, Guillou-Cloarec C, Martenot C, Niqueux E, Schmitz A, Briand FX, Allée C, Guillemoto C, Lebras MO, Le Prioux A, Ogor K, Eterradossi N. Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N1 A/Chicken/France/150169a/2015 Presents In Vitro Characteristics Consistent with Its Predicted Tropism for Avian Species. Avian Dis 2020; 64:85-91. [PMID: 32267129 DOI: 10.1637/0005-2086-64.1.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Avian influenza A viruses are a major threat to animal and public health. Since 1997, several highly pathogenic H5N1 avian viruses have been directly transmitted from poultry to humans, caused numerous human deaths, and had considerable economic impact on poultry markets. During 2015-2016, a highly pathogenic avian influenza outbreak occurred in southwestern France. Different subtypes circulated, including the A/chicken/France/150169a/2015 H5N1 highly pathogenic virus, which did not possess the full set of genomic determinants known to promote transmission to humans. In order to evaluate the predicted absence of zoonotic potential, a quick method based on in vitro tests was developed to analyze some genetic and phenotypic host restriction determinants. A receptor-binding assay showed that the virus preferentially recognizes avian cell receptors. Temperature sensitivity revealed a cold-sensitive phenotype of the virus at 33 C as virus replication was reduced in contrast with what is expected for human influenza viruses, according to their primary infection sites. Altogether, our quick evaluation method suggests that the A/chicken/France/150169a/2015 H5N1 highly pathogenic virus has an avian phenotype in vitro, in accordance with in silico predictions based on genomic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascale Massin
- Anses, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Avian and Rabbit Virology Immunology and Parasitology Unit, National Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza, BP53, 22440 Ploufragan, France,
| | - Cécile Guillou-Cloarec
- Anses, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Avian and Rabbit Virology Immunology and Parasitology Unit, National Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza, BP53, 22440 Ploufragan, France
| | - Claire Martenot
- Anses, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Avian and Rabbit Virology Immunology and Parasitology Unit, National Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza, BP53, 22440 Ploufragan, France
| | - Eric Niqueux
- Anses, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Avian and Rabbit Virology Immunology and Parasitology Unit, National Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza, BP53, 22440 Ploufragan, France
| | - Audrey Schmitz
- Anses, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Avian and Rabbit Virology Immunology and Parasitology Unit, National Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza, BP53, 22440 Ploufragan, France
| | - François-Xavier Briand
- Anses, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Avian and Rabbit Virology Immunology and Parasitology Unit, National Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza, BP53, 22440 Ploufragan, France
| | - Chantal Allée
- Anses, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Avian and Rabbit Virology Immunology and Parasitology Unit, National Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza, BP53, 22440 Ploufragan, France
| | - Carole Guillemoto
- Anses, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Avian and Rabbit Virology Immunology and Parasitology Unit, National Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza, BP53, 22440 Ploufragan, France
| | - Marie-Odile Lebras
- Anses, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Avian and Rabbit Virology Immunology and Parasitology Unit, National Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza, BP53, 22440 Ploufragan, France
| | - Aurélie Le Prioux
- Anses, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Avian and Rabbit Virology Immunology and Parasitology Unit, National Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza, BP53, 22440 Ploufragan, France
| | - Katell Ogor
- Anses, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Avian and Rabbit Virology Immunology and Parasitology Unit, National Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza, BP53, 22440 Ploufragan, France
| | - Nicolas Eterradossi
- Anses, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Avian and Rabbit Virology Immunology and Parasitology Unit, National Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza, BP53, 22440 Ploufragan, France
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16
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Souvestre M, Guinat C, Niqueux E, Robertet L, Croville G, Paul M, Schmitz A, Bronner A, Eterradossi N, Guérin JL. Role of Backyard Flocks in Transmission Dynamics of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N8) Clade 2.3.4.4, France, 2016-2017. Emerg Infect Dis 2019; 25:551-554. [PMID: 30623754 PMCID: PMC6390754 DOI: 10.3201/eid2503.181040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N8) clade 2.3.4.4 spread in France during 2016–2017. We assessed the biosecurity and avian influenza virus infection status of 70 backyard flocks near H5N8-infected commercial farms. One flock was seropositive for clade 2.3.4.4. Backyard flocks linked to commercial farms had elevated risk for H5 infection.
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Schmitz A, Haste P, Johnson M. 03:27 PM Abstract No. 172 Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) creation to improve surgical candidacy prior to abdominal operation: a retrospective analysis. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2018.12.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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18
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Schmitz A, Korbel R, Rinder M. Zygomycosis due to Mucor racemosus Associated with a Circovirus Infection in a Blue Tit (Cyanistes caeruleus). J Comp Pathol 2018; 165:67-71. [PMID: 30502800 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2018.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In spring 2014, several wild passeriform garden birds were found severely ill or dead, all with severe periocular swellings. A blue tit (Cyanistes caeruleus) showing severe depression was humanely destroyed and sent for necropsy examination. In this bird, the lower eyelids were sagging, red and oedematous. Microscopical examination revealed marked infiltration of the eyelid tissue with fungal hyphae (stained by periodic acid-Schiff) without any inflammatory reaction. Polymerase chain reaction followed by sequencing identified Mucor racemosus and a so far unknown circovirus. The circovirus infection in this bird might have induced immunosuppression and thus facilitated the fungal infection. To our knowledge this is the first report of ocular M. racemosus infection associated with circovirus infection in a bird.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Schmitz
- Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Clinic for Birds, Small Mammals, Reptiles and Ornamental Fish, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Sonnenstrasse 18, Oberschleißheim, Germany.
| | - R Korbel
- Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Clinic for Birds, Small Mammals, Reptiles and Ornamental Fish, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Sonnenstrasse 18, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - M Rinder
- Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Clinic for Birds, Small Mammals, Reptiles and Ornamental Fish, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Sonnenstrasse 18, Oberschleißheim, Germany
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19
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Schmidt AR, Buehler PK, Meyer J, Weiss M, Schmitz A, Both CP. Length-based body weight estimation in paediatric patients: The impact of habitus-A clinical observational trial. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2018; 62:1389-1395. [PMID: 29943477 DOI: 10.1111/aas.13179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paediatric emergency tapes provide drug dosing based on the patient's estimated body weight. Unfortunately, published data revealed an unsatisfactory accuracy. A newly developed digital algorithm for weight estimation (CLAWAR) allowing a three-staged habitus adaptation (normal, obese, or cachectic; CLAWAR-3) demonstrated a higher accuracy for weight estimation compared to paediatric emergency tapes. However, the incidence of incorrectly evaluated habitus was 27%. A five-staged habitus adaptation with figural images was suggested by Wells et al to improve habitus and weight estimation. Therefore, CLAWAR was modified with five habitus stages including figural images (CLAWAR-5). We hypothized CLAWAR-5 improves the accuracy of weight estimation. METHODS After obtaining informed written parental consent patients were included in this single centre, prospective clinical observation trial. Body weight estimations by CLAWAR-3 and CLAWAR-5 within ±10% of the actual body weight were compared. Furthermore, the incidence of correct evaluated habitus was calculated. McNemar Tests were used for statistical analysis. Results presented as median (interquartiles), P < .003 considered significant. RESULTS In total, 312 patients aged 3.3 years (0.7-6.6), with a body length of 95.9 cm (70.0-121.2), weighing 14.8 kg (8.1-22.5), were included. Both CLAWAR-3 and CLAWAR-5 showed equivalent accuracy for weight estimation within the ±10% interval (62.2% vs 60.6%, P = .609). Despite adding figural images, the incidence of correct evaluated habitus with CLAWAR-5 (46.8%) was worse than with CLAWAR-3 (66.7%). CONCLUSION The five-staged habitus-adapted method could not improve the accuracy of weight estimation. Furthermore, the error rate of habitus classification was not reduced by the implementation of figural images.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. R. Schmidt
- Department of Anaesthesia University Children's Hospital Zurich Zurich Switzerland
- Children's Research Center University Children's Hospital Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - P. K. Buehler
- Department of Anaesthesia University Children's Hospital Zurich Zurich Switzerland
- Children's Research Center University Children's Hospital Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - J. Meyer
- Department of Anaesthesia University Children's Hospital Zurich Zurich Switzerland
- Children's Research Center University Children's Hospital Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - M. Weiss
- Department of Anaesthesia University Children's Hospital Zurich Zurich Switzerland
- Children's Research Center University Children's Hospital Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - A. Schmitz
- Department of Anaesthesia University Children's Hospital Zurich Zurich Switzerland
- Children's Research Center University Children's Hospital Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - C. P. Both
- Department of Anaesthesia University Children's Hospital Zurich Zurich Switzerland
- Children's Research Center University Children's Hospital Zurich Zurich Switzerland
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Schmidt A, Buehler K, Both C, Wiener R, Klaghofer R, Hersberger M, Weiss M, Schmitz A. Liberal fluid fasting: impact on gastric pH and residual volume in healthy children undergoing general anaesthesia for elective surgery. Br J Anaesth 2018; 121:647-655. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2018.02.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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Weiss M, Onodi C, Bühler PK, Thomas J, Schmitz A. End-tidal carbon dioxide monitoring during paediatric general anaesthesia - a reply. Anaesthesia 2018; 73:647. [DOI: 10.1111/anae.14286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Weiss
- University Children's Hospital; Zurich Switzerland
| | - C. Onodi
- University Children's Hospital; Zurich Switzerland
| | - P. K. Bühler
- University Children's Hospital; Zurich Switzerland
| | - J. Thomas
- University Children's Hospital; Zurich Switzerland
| | - A. Schmitz
- University Children's Hospital; Zurich Switzerland
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Schmitz A, Korbel R, Thiel S, Wörle B, Gohl C, Rinder M. High prevalence of Mycobacterium genavense within flocks of pet birds. Vet Microbiol 2018; 218:40-44. [PMID: 29685219 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium genavense is regarded as the primary cause of mycobacteriosis in psittaciform and passeriform birds, which are commonly kept as pets. In humans, Mycobacterium genavense is especially pathogenic for young, old, pregnant and immunocompromised people (YOPIs). In birds, only few studies, mainly case reports, exist and there is still little e information about occurrence and relevance of this zoonotic pathogen. In this first pilot study concerning the prevalence of Mycobacterium genavense within flocks of naturally infected pet birds, real-time PCR examinations of 170 individual passeriform and psittaciform birds, including commonly kept budgerigars, lovebirds and zebra finches as well as gold finches and weaver finches, were conducted to determine the infection rate in six different aviaries. Antemortem examinations of faeces and cloacal swabs were compared with postmortem examinations of tissue samples to evaluate the reliability of antemortem diagnostics. Additional ophthalmologic examinations were performed to evaluate their diagnostic potential. Molecular examinations for viral co-infections, including circovirus, polyomavirus and adenovirus, were conducted to identify potential risk factors. PCR results revealed a detection prevalence of Mycobacterium genavense in the flocks varying from 3% to 91% based on postmortem testing, while antemortem diagnostics of faecal samples and swabs showed 64% discrepant (false negative) results. Ophthalmologic examinations were not useful in identifying infected birds within the flocks. Viral co-infections, especially with polyomavirus, were common. It has to be assumed that Mycobacterium genavense infections are widespread and underdiagnosed in companion birds. Viral infections might be an important risk factor. There is urgent need to improve antemortem diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Schmitz
- Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Clinic for Birds, Small Mammals, Reptiles and Ornamental Fish, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Sonnenstr. 18, 85476, Oberschleißheim, Germany.
| | - R Korbel
- Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Clinic for Birds, Small Mammals, Reptiles and Ornamental Fish, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Sonnenstr. 18, 85476, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - S Thiel
- Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Clinic for Birds, Small Mammals, Reptiles and Ornamental Fish, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Sonnenstr. 18, 85476, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - B Wörle
- Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Eberhard-Gwinner-Straße 5, 82319, Seewiesen (Starnberg), Germany
| | - C Gohl
- Tierpark Hellabrunn, Tierparkstraße 30, 81543, München, Germany
| | - M Rinder
- Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Clinic for Birds, Small Mammals, Reptiles and Ornamental Fish, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Sonnenstr. 18, 85476, Oberschleißheim, Germany
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Scoizec A, Niqueux E, Thomas R, Daniel P, Schmitz A, Le Bouquin S. Airborne Detection of H5N8 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus Genome in Poultry Farms, France. Front Vet Sci 2018; 5:15. [PMID: 29487857 PMCID: PMC5816786 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2018.00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In southwestern France, during the winter of 2016-2017, the rapid spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N8 outbreaks despite the implementation of routine control measures, raised the question about the potential role of airborne transmission in viral spread. As a first step to investigate the plausibility of that transmission, air samples were collected inside, outside and downwind from infected duck and chicken facilities. H5 avian influenza virus RNA was detected in all samples collected inside poultry houses, at external exhaust fans and at 5 m distance from poultry houses. For three of the five flocks studied, in the sample collected at 50-110 m distance, viral genomic RNA was detected. The measured viral air concentrations ranged between 4.3 and 6.4 log10 RNA copies per m3, and their geometric mean decreased from external exhaust fans to the downwind measurement point. These findings are in accordance with the possibility of airborne transmission and question the procedures for outbreak depopulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axelle Scoizec
- Avian and Rabbit Epidemiology and Welfare Unit, ANSES, French Agency for Food Environmental and Occupational Health Safety, Ploufragan, France
| | - Eric Niqueux
- Avian and Rabbit Virology, Immunology and Parasitology Unit, ANSES, French Agency for Food Environmental and Occupational Health Safety, Ploufragan, France
| | - Rodolphe Thomas
- Avian and Rabbit Epidemiology and Welfare Unit, ANSES, French Agency for Food Environmental and Occupational Health Safety, Ploufragan, France
| | - Patrick Daniel
- Laboratoire des Pyrénées et des Landes, Mont de Marsan, France
| | - Audrey Schmitz
- Avian and Rabbit Virology, Immunology and Parasitology Unit, ANSES, French Agency for Food Environmental and Occupational Health Safety, Ploufragan, France
| | - Sophie Le Bouquin
- Avian and Rabbit Epidemiology and Welfare Unit, ANSES, French Agency for Food Environmental and Occupational Health Safety, Ploufragan, France
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24
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Both C, Schmitz A, Buehler PK, Wittwer J, Weiss M, Schmidt AR. Comparison of a paediatric emergency ruler with a digital algorithm for weight and age estimation. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2017; 61:1122-1132. [PMID: 28791696 DOI: 10.1111/aas.12949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emergency tapes like the "Paediatric-Emergency-Ruler" (PaedER) provide drug dosing and recommend medical airway equipment based on estimated patient bodyweight and age. Previous studies have revealed unsatisfactory accuracy in bodyweight estimation, due to the tapes' length-based weight categories. Therefore, we developed a digital algorithm allowing continuous length-based estimation of weight and age. The aim of this study was to compare the new algorithm with the PaedER regarding accuracy in estimating bodyweight and recommendation of medical airway equipment. METHODS Patients with a body length suitable for the PaedER were included in this single centre, prospective clinical observation trial after obtaining informed written parental consent. Bodyweight estimations by the algorithm and PaedER within ± 10% and ± 20% of the actual bodyweight were compared. Furthermore, medical airway equipment suggested by the PaedER and algorithm were compared with the equipment actually used for anaesthesia. Wilcoxon- and McNemar-Tests were used for statistical analysis. Results are median (interquartiles), P < 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS In total, 489 patients aged 2.0 years (0.4-5.9), with a body length of 89.0 cm (63.5-114.5), weighing 12.8 kg (6.3-19.6), were included. The algorithm's precision of bodyweight estimation within ± 10%/± 20% was significantly higher at 64.0%/91.6% than the PaedER at 55.4%/81.8% (P < 0.001). Compared to PaedER the algorithm showed a higher incidence of correctly recommended medical airway equipment based on its accuracy for age and bodyweight estimation. CONCLUSION The new digital algorithm is an alternative to conventional emergency tapes, showing improved accuracy regarding length-based estimation of bodyweight and recommendation of medical airway equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ch. Both
- Department of Anaesthesia and Children's Research Centre; University Children's Hospital; Zurich Switzerland
| | - A. Schmitz
- Department of Anaesthesia and Children's Research Centre; University Children's Hospital; Zurich Switzerland
| | - P. K. Buehler
- Department of Anaesthesia and Children's Research Centre; University Children's Hospital; Zurich Switzerland
| | - J. Wittwer
- Department of Anaesthesia and Children's Research Centre; University Children's Hospital; Zurich Switzerland
| | - M. Weiss
- Department of Anaesthesia and Children's Research Centre; University Children's Hospital; Zurich Switzerland
| | - A. R. Schmidt
- Department of Anaesthesia and Children's Research Centre; University Children's Hospital; Zurich Switzerland
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25
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Buehler PK, Spielmann N, Buehrer S, Schmidt AR, Weiss M, Schmitz A. Intraoperative music application in children and adolescents - a pilot study. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2017; 61:895-903. [PMID: 28685824 DOI: 10.1111/aas.12935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hospitalization, surgery and anaesthesia may lead to new-onset maladaptive behaviour, emotional distress and trauma. This pilot study aims to investigate the influence of intraoperatively applied music on post-operative behaviour in children and adolescents. METHODS Children with an ASA physical state classification of I or II, aged from 4 to 16 years and scheduled for elective circumcision or inguinal hernia repair under combined general and caudal anaesthesia were included. The children were randomized into two groups. They wore headphones during surgery, and were either exposed to music or not. All involved staff were blinded. Post-operative behaviour was documented by parents on day 7, 14 and 28 after surgery, using a questionnaire adapted from the "Post Hospitalization Behavioural Questionnaire" (PHBQ). Overall occurrence of at least one item indicating maladaptive behaviour was the primary outcome. Data are presented as median (interquartile range). RESULTS In total, 135 children aged 6.6 (5.3-8.5) years, weighing 22 (19-29) kg, were included, with 112 completed questionnaires returned. Overall occurrence of at least one maladaptive item was lower in the music group, with a significantly lower incidence on day 7 (51% vs. 77% in controls; P < 0.01). CONCLUSION Intraoperative music application in children undergoing minor surgical procedures may reduce the incidence of post-operative maladaptive behaviour within the first week.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. K. Buehler
- Department of Anaesthesiology; University Children's Hospital Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
- Children's Research Centre; University Children's Hospital Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - N. Spielmann
- Department of Anaesthesiology; University Children's Hospital Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
- Children's Research Centre; University Children's Hospital Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - S. Buehrer
- Clinic of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy; University Hospital Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - A. R. Schmidt
- Department of Anaesthesiology; University Children's Hospital Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
- Children's Research Centre; University Children's Hospital Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - M. Weiss
- Department of Anaesthesiology; University Children's Hospital Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
- Children's Research Centre; University Children's Hospital Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - A. Schmitz
- Department of Anaesthesiology; University Children's Hospital Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
- Children's Research Centre; University Children's Hospital Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
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26
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Onodi C, Bühler PK, Thomas J, Schmitz A, Weiss M. Arterial to end-tidal carbon dioxide difference in children undergoing mechanical ventilation of the lungs during general anaesthesia. Anaesthesia 2017; 72:1357-1364. [DOI: 10.1111/anae.13969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Onodi
- Department of Anaesthesia and Children's Research Centre; University Children's Hospital; Zurich Switzerland
| | - P. K. Bühler
- Department of Anaesthesia and Children's Research Centre; University Children's Hospital; Zurich Switzerland
| | - J. Thomas
- Department of Anaesthesia and Children's Research Centre; University Children's Hospital; Zurich Switzerland
| | - A. Schmitz
- Department of Anaesthesia and Children's Research Centre; University Children's Hospital; Zurich Switzerland
| | - M. Weiss
- Department of Anaesthesia and Children's Research Centre; University Children's Hospital; Zurich Switzerland
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27
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Briand FX, Schmitz A, Ogor K, Le Prioux A, Guillou-Cloarec C, Guillemoto C, Allée C, Le Bras MO, Hirchaud E, Quenault H, Touzain F, Cherbonnel-Pansart M, Lemaitre E, Courtillon C, Gares H, Daniel P, Fediaevsky A, Massin P, Blanchard Y, Eterradossi N, van der Werf S, Jestin V, Niqueux E. Emerging highly pathogenic H5 avian influenza viruses in France during winter 2015/16: phylogenetic analyses and markers for zoonotic potential. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 22:30473. [PMID: 28277218 PMCID: PMC5356430 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2017.22.9.30473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Several new highly pathogenic (HP) H5 avian influenza virus (AIV) have been detected in poultry farms from south-western France since November 2015, among which an HP H5N1. The zoonotic potential and origin of these AIVs immediately became matters of concern. One virus of each subtype H5N1 (150169a), H5N2 (150233) and H5N9 (150236) was characterised. All proved highly pathogenic for poultry as demonstrated molecularly by the presence of a polybasic cleavage site in their HA protein – with a sequence (HQRRKR/GLF) previously unknown among avian H5 HPAI viruses – or experimentally by the in vivo demonstration of an intravenous pathogenicity index of 2.9 for the H5N1 HP isolate. Phylogenetic analyses based on the full genomes obtained by NGS confirmed that the eight viral segments of the three isolates were all part of avian Eurasian phylogenetic lineage but differed from the Gs/Gd/1/96-like lineage. The study of the genetic characteristics at specific amino acid positions relevant for modulating the adaptation to and the virulence for mammals showed that presently, these viruses possess most molecular features characteristic of AIV and lack some major characteristics required for efficient respiratory transmission to or between humans. The three isolates are therefore predicted to have no significant pandemic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- François-Xavier Briand
- Anses, Unité VIPAC - LNR influenza aviaire, Ploufragan, France.,Université Bretagne-Loire, Rennes, France
| | - Audrey Schmitz
- Anses, Unité VIPAC - LNR influenza aviaire, Ploufragan, France.,Université Bretagne-Loire, Rennes, France
| | - Katell Ogor
- Anses, Unité VIPAC - LNR influenza aviaire, Ploufragan, France.,Université Bretagne-Loire, Rennes, France
| | - Aurélie Le Prioux
- Anses, Unité VIPAC - LNR influenza aviaire, Ploufragan, France.,Université Bretagne-Loire, Rennes, France
| | - Cécile Guillou-Cloarec
- Anses, Unité VIPAC - LNR influenza aviaire, Ploufragan, France.,Université Bretagne-Loire, Rennes, France
| | - Carole Guillemoto
- Anses, Unité VIPAC - LNR influenza aviaire, Ploufragan, France.,Université Bretagne-Loire, Rennes, France
| | - Chantal Allée
- Anses, Unité VIPAC - LNR influenza aviaire, Ploufragan, France.,Université Bretagne-Loire, Rennes, France
| | - Marie-Odile Le Bras
- Anses, Unité VIPAC - LNR influenza aviaire, Ploufragan, France.,Université Bretagne-Loire, Rennes, France
| | - Edouard Hirchaud
- Université Bretagne-Loire, Rennes, France.,Anses, Unité Génétique Virale et Biosécurité, Ploufragan, France
| | - Hélène Quenault
- Université Bretagne-Loire, Rennes, France.,Anses, Unité Génétique Virale et Biosécurité, Ploufragan, France
| | - Fabrice Touzain
- Université Bretagne-Loire, Rennes, France.,Anses, Unité Génétique Virale et Biosécurité, Ploufragan, France
| | - Martine Cherbonnel-Pansart
- Anses, Unité VIPAC - LNR influenza aviaire, Ploufragan, France.,Université Bretagne-Loire, Rennes, France
| | - Evelyne Lemaitre
- Anses, Unité VIPAC - LNR influenza aviaire, Ploufragan, France.,Université Bretagne-Loire, Rennes, France
| | - Céline Courtillon
- Anses, Unité VIPAC - LNR influenza aviaire, Ploufragan, France.,Université Bretagne-Loire, Rennes, France
| | - Hélène Gares
- Laboratoire Départemental d'Analyses et de Recherche, Coulounieix Chamiers, France
| | - Patrick Daniel
- Laboratoire des Pyrénées et des Landes, Mont-de-Marsan, France
| | | | - Pascale Massin
- Anses, Unité VIPAC - LNR influenza aviaire, Ploufragan, France.,Université Bretagne-Loire, Rennes, France
| | - Yannick Blanchard
- Université Bretagne-Loire, Rennes, France.,Anses, Unité Génétique Virale et Biosécurité, Ploufragan, France
| | - Nicolas Eterradossi
- Anses, Unité VIPAC - LNR influenza aviaire, Ploufragan, France.,Université Bretagne-Loire, Rennes, France
| | - Sylvie van der Werf
- Institut Pasteur, Unité Génétique Moléculaire des Virus à ARN - CNR grippe, Paris, France.,Anses - Groupe d'Experts Spécialisé Santé Animale et Bien-être Animal, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Véronique Jestin
- Anses - Groupe d'Experts Spécialisé Santé Animale et Bien-être Animal, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Eric Niqueux
- Anses, Unité VIPAC - LNR influenza aviaire, Ploufragan, France.,Université Bretagne-Loire, Rennes, France
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28
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Stacey WM, Van Rooijen W, Bates T, Colvin E, Dion J, Feener J, Gayton E, Gibbs D, Grennor C, Head J, Hope F, Ireland J, Johnson A, Jones B, Mejias N, Myers C, Schmitz A, Sommer C, Sumner T, Tschaepe L. A TRU-Zr Metal-Fuel Sodium-Cooled Fast Subcritical Advanced Burner Reactor. NUCL TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/nt08-a3933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W. M. Stacey
- Georgia Institute of Technology Nuclear and Radiological Engineering Program, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0425
| | - W. Van Rooijen
- Georgia Institute of Technology Nuclear and Radiological Engineering Program, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0425
| | - T. Bates
- Georgia Institute of Technology Nuclear and Radiological Engineering Program, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0425
| | - E. Colvin
- Georgia Institute of Technology Nuclear and Radiological Engineering Program, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0425
| | - J. Dion
- Georgia Institute of Technology Nuclear and Radiological Engineering Program, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0425
| | - J. Feener
- Georgia Institute of Technology Nuclear and Radiological Engineering Program, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0425
| | - E. Gayton
- Georgia Institute of Technology Nuclear and Radiological Engineering Program, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0425
| | - D. Gibbs
- Georgia Institute of Technology Nuclear and Radiological Engineering Program, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0425
| | - C. Grennor
- Georgia Institute of Technology Nuclear and Radiological Engineering Program, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0425
| | - J. Head
- Georgia Institute of Technology Nuclear and Radiological Engineering Program, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0425
| | - F. Hope
- Georgia Institute of Technology Nuclear and Radiological Engineering Program, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0425
| | - J. Ireland
- Georgia Institute of Technology Nuclear and Radiological Engineering Program, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0425
| | - A. Johnson
- Georgia Institute of Technology Nuclear and Radiological Engineering Program, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0425
| | - B. Jones
- Georgia Institute of Technology Nuclear and Radiological Engineering Program, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0425
| | - N. Mejias
- Georgia Institute of Technology Nuclear and Radiological Engineering Program, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0425
| | - C. Myers
- Georgia Institute of Technology Nuclear and Radiological Engineering Program, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0425
| | - A. Schmitz
- Georgia Institute of Technology Nuclear and Radiological Engineering Program, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0425
| | - C. Sommer
- Georgia Institute of Technology Nuclear and Radiological Engineering Program, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0425
| | - T. Sumner
- Georgia Institute of Technology Nuclear and Radiological Engineering Program, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0425
| | - L. Tschaepe
- Georgia Institute of Technology Nuclear and Radiological Engineering Program, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0425
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29
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Urban MC, Bocedi G, Hendry AP, Mihoub JB, Pe'er G, Singer A, Bridle JR, Crozier LG, De Meester L, Godsoe W, Gonzalez A, Hellmann JJ, Holt RD, Huth A, Johst K, Krug CB, Leadley PW, Palmer SCF, Pantel JH, Schmitz A, Zollner PA, Travis JMJ. Improving the forecast for biodiversity under climate change. Science 2017; 353:353/6304/aad8466. [PMID: 27609898 DOI: 10.1126/science.aad8466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 450] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
New biological models are incorporating the realistic processes underlying biological responses to climate change and other human-caused disturbances. However, these more realistic models require detailed information, which is lacking for most species on Earth. Current monitoring efforts mainly document changes in biodiversity, rather than collecting the mechanistic data needed to predict future changes. We describe and prioritize the biological information needed to inform more realistic projections of species' responses to climate change. We also highlight how trait-based approaches and adaptive modeling can leverage sparse data to make broader predictions. We outline a global effort to collect the data necessary to better understand, anticipate, and reduce the damaging effects of climate change on biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Urban
- Institute of Biological Risk, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA.
| | - G Bocedi
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - A P Hendry
- Redpath Museum, Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - J-B Mihoub
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, CESCO, UMR 7204, Paris, France. Conservation Biology, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - G Pe'er
- Conservation Biology, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany. German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - A Singer
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany. Ecological Modelling, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Swedish Species Information Centre, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - J R Bridle
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - L G Crozier
- NOAA Fisheries Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - L De Meester
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - W Godsoe
- Bio-Protection Research Centre, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - A Gonzalez
- Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - J J Hellmann
- Institute on the Environment; Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - R D Holt
- Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - A Huth
- Ecological Modelling, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany. German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany. Institute for Environmental Systems Research, Department of Mathematics/Computer Science, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - K Johst
- Ecological Modelling, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - C B Krug
- Ecologie Systématique Evolution, University Paris-Sud, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France. DIVERSITAS, Paris, France
| | - P W Leadley
- Ecologie Systématique Evolution, University Paris-Sud, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France. DIVERSITAS, Paris, France
| | - S C F Palmer
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - J H Pantel
- Centre d'Ecologie fonctionnelle et Evolutive, UMR 5175 CNRS-Université de Montpellier-EPHE, Montpellier Cedex, France
| | - A Schmitz
- Conservation Biology, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - P A Zollner
- Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - J M J Travis
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
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30
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Schmidt AR, Ruetzler K, Haas T, Schmitz A, Weiss M. [Estimation of artificial ventilation is impractible]. Anaesthesist 2017; 66:209-210. [PMID: 28160043 DOI: 10.1007/s00101-017-0274-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A R Schmidt
- Anästhesie-Abteilung, Universitäts-Kinderspital Zürich, Zürich, Schweiz. .,Forschungszentrum für das Kind, Universitäts-Kinderspital Zürich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, 8032, Zürich, Schweiz.
| | - K Ruetzler
- Institut für Anästhesie, Universitätsspital Zürich, Zürich, Schweiz.,Department of General Anesthesiology und Outcomes Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, USA
| | - T Haas
- Anästhesie-Abteilung, Universitäts-Kinderspital Zürich, Zürich, Schweiz.,Forschungszentrum für das Kind, Universitäts-Kinderspital Zürich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, 8032, Zürich, Schweiz
| | - A Schmitz
- Anästhesie-Abteilung, Universitäts-Kinderspital Zürich, Zürich, Schweiz.,Forschungszentrum für das Kind, Universitäts-Kinderspital Zürich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, 8032, Zürich, Schweiz
| | - M Weiss
- Anästhesie-Abteilung, Universitäts-Kinderspital Zürich, Zürich, Schweiz.,Forschungszentrum für das Kind, Universitäts-Kinderspital Zürich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, 8032, Zürich, Schweiz
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31
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Affiliation(s)
- A. R. Schmidt
- Department of Anaesthesia; University Children's Hospital Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
- Children's Research Center; University Children's Hospital of Zurich; University of Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - K. Ruetzler
- Departments of General Anesthesiology and Outcomes Research; Cleveland Clinic; Cleveland OH USA
| | - T. Haas
- Department of Anaesthesia; University Children's Hospital Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
- Children's Research Center; University Children's Hospital of Zurich; University of Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - A. Schmitz
- Department of Anaesthesia; University Children's Hospital Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
- Children's Research Center; University Children's Hospital of Zurich; University of Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - M. Weiss
- Department of Anaesthesia; University Children's Hospital Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
- Children's Research Center; University Children's Hospital of Zurich; University of Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
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32
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Dini S, Binder BJ, Fischer SC, Mattheyer C, Schmitz A, Stelzer EHK, Bean NG, Green JEF. Identifying the necrotic zone boundary in tumour spheroids with pair-correlation functions. J R Soc Interface 2016; 13:20160649. [PMID: 27733696 PMCID: PMC5095222 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2016.0649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Automatic identification of the necrotic zone boundary is important in the assessment of treatments on in vitro tumour spheroids. This has been difficult especially when the difference in cell density between the necrotic and viable zones of a tumour spheroid is small. To help overcome this problem, we developed novel one-dimensional pair-correlation functions (PCFs) to provide quantitative estimates of the radial distance of the necrotic zone boundary from the centre of a tumour spheroid. We validate our approach on synthetic tumour spheroids in which the position of the necrotic zone boundary is known a priori It is then applied to nine real tumour spheroids imaged with light sheet-based fluorescence microscopy. PCF estimates of the necrotic zone boundary are compared with those of a human expert and an existing standard computational method.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Dini
- School of Mathematical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - B J Binder
- School of Mathematical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - S C Fischer
- Department of Biological Sciences (IZN, FB 15), Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS), Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - C Mattheyer
- Department of Biological Sciences (IZN, FB 15), Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS), Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - A Schmitz
- Department of Biological Sciences (IZN, FB 15), Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS), Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - E H K Stelzer
- Department of Biological Sciences (IZN, FB 15), Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS), Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - N G Bean
- School of Mathematical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia ARC Centre of Excellence for Mathematical and Statistical Frontiers, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - J E F Green
- School of Mathematical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
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33
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Schmidt AR, Ruetzler K, Haas T, Schmitz A, Weiss M. Impact of oxygen sources on performance of the Ventrain(®) ventilation device in an in vitro set-up. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2016; 60:241-9. [PMID: 26612252 DOI: 10.1111/aas.12663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Revised: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Ventrain(®) (Dolphys Medical, Eindhoven, The Netherlands) is a disposable handheld ventilation device allowing active inspiration and expiration through a transtracheal catheter. This study investigated Ventrain(®) 's performance when used with different clinical oxygen sources in an in vitro set-up. METHODS Three anesthesia oxygen sources (wall-mounted flowmeter, respirator oxygen outlet port, and anesthesia ventilator circuit) were used at gas flow rates of 6, 9, 12, and 15 l/min. First, the sources' driving pressures (DP), the insufflation pressure (IP), and the flow at the catheter tip were measured using a gas flow analyzer. Tidal volumes (VT) delivered by the Ventrain(®) were assessed by the ASL5000 test lung (respiratory rate: 15 min(-1), I:E = 1:1, compliance: 100 ml/cmH2O, resistance: 3.06 cmH2O/l/s). RESULTS VT ranged from 82 to 483 ml for inspiration and 82 to 419 ml for expiration. Measured IP, flow, and VT were less dependent on the set gas flow rate but more on the source's DP. With rising DP the IP, the flow at the catheter tip and consequently VT increased. At an approximate target I:E ratio of 1:1, the ratio of inspiratory to expiratory VT increased with higher DP and gas flow rates. CONCLUSION The oxygen sources resulted in clinically different IP, flows, and VT delivered by the Ventrain(®) at given gas flow rates. This needs to be considered in a clinical emergency situation. Integrating an adjustable pressure valve into Ventrain(®) to allow regulation of the lowest necessary IP would make its use safer.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. R. Schmidt
- Department of Anaesthesia; University Children′s Hospital; Zurich Switzerland
| | - K. Ruetzler
- Institute of Anaesthesiology; University Hospital; Zurich Switzerland
- Departments of General Anesthesiology and Outcomes Research; Cleveland Clinic; Cleveland Ohio USA
| | - T. Haas
- Department of Anaesthesia; University Children′s Hospital; Zurich Switzerland
| | - A. Schmitz
- Department of Anaesthesia; University Children′s Hospital; Zurich Switzerland
| | - M. Weiss
- Department of Anaesthesia; University Children′s Hospital; Zurich Switzerland
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Berendt J, Oechsle K, Thomas M, van Oorschot B, Schmitz A, Radbruch L, Simon ST, Gärtner J, Thuß-Patience P, Schuler US, Hense J, Gog C, Viehrig M, Mayer-Steinacker R, Stachura P, Stiel S, Ostgathe C. [State of integration of palliative care at Comprehensive Cancer Centers funded by German Cancer Aid]. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2016; 141:e16-23. [PMID: 26800076 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-106089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Similarities and differences of integration of palliative care in clinical care, research and education structures at German Comprehensive Cancer Centers (CCC) are not known in detail. OBJECTIVE Provide an overview of availability and the way of integration of specialized palliative care at CCCs funded by the German Cancer Aid (Deutsche Krebshilfe, DKH). METHOD We conducted structured interviews from May to August 2014 with heads of palliative care departments (personally or by telephone). The interviews included a quantitative and a qualitative part. Other stakeholders of CCCs were asked the questions of the qualitative part. We evaluated the qualitative data using the content analysis by Mayring and MAXQDA 11.0. SPSS 21.0 was used for quantitative analysis. RESULTS 26 interviews were realized in 13 CCCs with 14 sites, which received funding, by DKH till August 2014 (one CCC had two university hospitals). Of these, 12 sites had a palliative care unit (86%), 11 sites had palliative care consulting services available (79%). Participation of palliative care specialists in tumor boards is not provided in 3 institutions (21%) and is often not feasible on regular basis in the other institutions, due to staffing shortage. In 7 sites (50%) defined criteria to integrate palliative care into CCCs were available. In the last 5 years specialized palliative care of 4 sites received an invitation for a research project by another department within the CCC (29%). 10 sites (71%) had started own palliative care research projects. Chairs in palliative care were available in 4 CCCs (29%). CONCLUSION The extent and depth of palliative care integration in the 14 CCC sites is heterogeneous.
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Mathew B, Schmitz A, Muñoz-Descalzo S, Ansari N, Pampaloni F, Stelzer EHK, Fischer SC. Robust and automated three-dimensional segmentation of densely packed cell nuclei in different biological specimens with Lines-of-Sight decomposition. BMC Bioinformatics 2015; 16:187. [PMID: 26049713 PMCID: PMC4458345 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-015-0617-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Due to the large amount of data produced by advanced microscopy, automated image analysis is crucial in modern biology. Most applications require reliable cell nuclei segmentation. However, in many biological specimens cell nuclei are densely packed and appear to touch one another in the images. Therefore, a major difficulty of three-dimensional cell nuclei segmentation is the decomposition of cell nuclei that apparently touch each other. Current methods are highly adapted to a certain biological specimen or a specific microscope. They do not ensure similarly accurate segmentation performance, i.e. their robustness for different datasets is not guaranteed. Hence, these methods require elaborate adjustments to each dataset. Results We present an advanced three-dimensional cell nuclei segmentation algorithm that is accurate and robust. Our approach combines local adaptive pre-processing with decomposition based on Lines-of-Sight (LoS) to separate apparently touching cell nuclei into approximately convex parts. We demonstrate the superior performance of our algorithm using data from different specimens recorded with different microscopes. The three-dimensional images were recorded with confocal and light sheet-based fluorescence microscopes. The specimens are an early mouse embryo and two different cellular spheroids. We compared the segmentation accuracy of our algorithm with ground truth data for the test images and results from state-of-the-art methods. The analysis shows that our method is accurate throughout all test datasets (mean F-measure: 91 %) whereas the other methods each failed for at least one dataset (F-measure ≤ 69 %). Furthermore, nuclei volume measurements are improved for LoS decomposition. The state-of-the-art methods required laborious adjustments of parameter values to achieve these results. Our LoS algorithm did not require parameter value adjustments. The accurate performance was achieved with one fixed set of parameter values. Conclusion We developed a novel and fully automated three-dimensional cell nuclei segmentation method incorporating LoS decomposition. LoS are easily accessible features that ensure correct splitting of apparently touching cell nuclei independent of their shape, size or intensity. Our method showed superior performance compared to state-of-the-art methods, performing accurately for a variety of test images. Hence, our LoS approach can be readily applied to quantitative evaluation in drug testing, developmental and cell biology. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12859-015-0617-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Mathew
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS), Fachbereich Biowissenschaften (FB15, IZN), Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Straße 15, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - A Schmitz
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS), Fachbereich Biowissenschaften (FB15, IZN), Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Straße 15, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - S Muñoz-Descalzo
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
| | - N Ansari
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS), Fachbereich Biowissenschaften (FB15, IZN), Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Straße 15, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - F Pampaloni
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS), Fachbereich Biowissenschaften (FB15, IZN), Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Straße 15, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - E H K Stelzer
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS), Fachbereich Biowissenschaften (FB15, IZN), Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Straße 15, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - S C Fischer
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS), Fachbereich Biowissenschaften (FB15, IZN), Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Straße 15, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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Schmidt A, Buehler P, Seglias L, Stark T, Brotschi B, Renner T, Sabandal C, Klaghofer R, Weiss M, Schmitz A. Gastric pH and residual volume after 1 and 2 h fasting time for clear fluids in children †. Br J Anaesth 2015; 114:477-82. [DOI: 10.1093/bja/aeu399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Batra V, Chacko AM, Gagliardi M, Hou C, Mikitsh JL, Freifelder RH, Kachur A, LeGeyt BC, Schmitz A, Toto L, Vaidyanathan G, Zalutsky MR, Matthay KK, Weiss WA, Gustafson WC, Pryma D, Maris JM. Abstract B48: Preclinical development of meta-[211At] astatobenzylguanidine ([211At] MABG) targeted radiotherapy for neuroblastoma. Cancer Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.pedcan-b48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Neuroblastoma (NB) is a radiosensitive malignancy accounting for 10% of childhood cancer mortality. NB cells frequently express the norepinephrine transporter (NET) providing a specific mechanism for uptake of NET-ligands. Meta-[131I]iodobenzylguanidine ([131I]MIBG) is a NET-ligand radiotherapeutic that shows single-agent response rates in refractory NB of 40-50%. However, due to the long path lengths of 131 I beta (β)-emission, and low biological effectiveness compared to alpha (α)-emitting radionuclides, [131I]MIBG is generally not curative, perhaps due to non-targeting of isolated circulating tumor cells. Here we report our efforts to optimize NET-targeted radiotherapy by developing relevant preclinical models of refractory NB for α-particle therapeutic [211At] MABG therapy.
Methods: We first determined NET (SLC6A2) mRNA and protein expression in 35 human NB cell lines using quantitative RT-PCR and western blotting. We then chose 5 lines with absent to intermediate levels of native NET expression (NB1691, SKNSH, IMR5, NLF and SKNBE2) for dual forced overexpression of human NET and luciferase cDNAs. We used [125I]MIBG for cell-based uptake assays in all isogenic pairs and biodistribution experiments in athymic mice bearing three separate NET-transduced xenografts (N=5 per cell line). These cell lines were also treated with [131I]MIBG and/or external beam radiation (XRT) followed by multi-log cytotoxicity assays. Therapeutic trials of [131I]MIBG (25 mCi/kg) in NB1691 subcutaneous xenograft and metastatic mouse models were also conducted. In parallel, [211At] MABG was synthesized by: (i) cyclotron-production of 211 At via 209 Bi(α,2n)211At reaction (ii) distillation of 211 At from the target, and (iii) solid phase no-carrier-added synthesis of [211At] MABG by radioastato-destannylation. [211At] MABG uptake studies were performed in isogenic NB cell lines.
Results: Unlike primary human NBs, NET expression was low in the majority of 35 cell-lines studied (median normalized expression value = 0.145; range 0.000-1.005), but all transduced lines showed significant overexpression (0.860-1.107) comparable to human primary tumors. Transduced lines showed 4-10 fold higher uptake of [125I]MIBG than non-transduced isogenic parental cell lines in vitro, and demonstrated significant tumor-specific uptake and retention in vivo with tumor-muscle ratios ranging from 13.80 to 29.48. In vitro cytotoxicity experiments using [131I]MIBG showed NET-expressing cell lines to be more susceptible to treatment compared to non-NET expressing pairs (IC50 of 2.937nCi vs. 15.99 nCi). Treatment of mice bearing NB1691-NET xenografts with [131I]MIBG showed tumor growth delay (p=0.0065), but no significant impact on survival, likely due to de novo radioresistance (1200 cGy of XRT had no impact on NB1691 proliferation; IMR-05 showed 97% decreased cell viability). Lastly, we successfully synthesized [211At] MABG, with radiochemical yields of ∼20% and showed NET specific uptake of [211At] MABG into 1691 NET transfected cells.
Conclusions: Development of targeted radiotherapy for neuroblastoma has been limited by the lack of preclinical models and alternative therapeutics. Our development of multiple isogenic pairs with varying NET expression, documentation of de novo radiation sensitivity, and the production of [211At] MABG, will allow for rapid assessment of targeted radiotherapeutic strategies (including combination approaches) to support clinical development of alpha-particle therapeutics in a childhood cancer.
Citation Format: V Batra, AM Chacko, M Gagliardi, C Hou, J L. Mikitsh, R H. Freifelder, A Kachur, B C. LeGeyt, A Schmitz, L Toto, G Vaidyanathan, M R. Zalutsky, K K. Matthay, W A. Weiss, W C. Gustafson, D Pryma, J M. Maris. Preclinical development of meta-[211At] astatobenzylguanidine ([211At] MABG) targeted radiotherapy for neuroblastoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Pediatric Cancer at the Crossroads: Translating Discovery into Improved Outcomes; Nov 3-6, 2013; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;74(20 Suppl):Abstract nr B48.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Batra
- 1The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA,
| | - AM Chacko
- 2University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA,
| | - M Gagliardi
- 1The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA,
| | - C Hou
- 2University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA,
| | | | | | - A Kachur
- 2University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA,
| | - B C. LeGeyt
- 2University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA,
| | - A Schmitz
- 2University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA,
| | - L Toto
- 2University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA,
| | | | | | - K K. Matthay
- 4University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - W A. Weiss
- 4University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - W C. Gustafson
- 4University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - D Pryma
- 2University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA,
| | - J M. Maris
- 1The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA,
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Bødker J, Kjeldsen M, Kloster M, Rodrigo-Domingo M, Bilgrau A, Johansen P, Schmitz A, Johnsen H, Bøgsted M, Dybkær K. 409: Transcription factors with differential transcription start sites during B-cell differentiation in normal tissues and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Eur J Cancer 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(14)50364-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Gnutzmann D, Mechel J, Schmitz A, Bellemann N, Sommer CM, Gockner T, Mokry T, Kortes N, Stampfl U, Kauczor HU, Radeleff BA. Vergleich der Plasma- und Gewebekonzentrationskinetik von Irinotecan zweier unterchiedlicher mit Irinotecan beladener Partikel. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2014. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1373006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Schmitz A, Gnutzmann D, Bellemann N, Mokry T, Kortes N, Sommer C, Gotthard D, Weiss KH, Stampfl U, Kauczor HU, Radeleff B. Erste Erfahrungen mit der superselektiven TANDEM® TACE in Heidelberg. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2014. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1373007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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41
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Vollherbst D, Fritz S, Zelzer S, Wachter MF, Bellemann N, Gockner T, Mokry T, Gnutzmann D, Schmitz A, Aulmann S, Stampfl U, Pereira PL, Kauczor HU, Werner J, Radeleff BA, Sommer CM. Transarterielle Chemoembolisation (TACE) in Kombination mit irreversibler Elektroporation (IRE): Eine experimentelle Machbarkeitsstudie zur perkutanen Elektrochemotherapie in der Leber. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2014. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1373476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Schmitz A, Gnutzmann D, Bellemann N, Mokry T, Kortes N, Sommer C, Gotthard D, Weiss K, Stampfl U, Radeleff B, Kauczor H. First experiences with superselective TANDEM® TACE in Heidelberg. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2013.12.406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Schmitz A, Zielinski J, Dick B, Mevissen M. In vitro
metabolism of testosterone in the horse liver and involvement of equine CYPs 3A89, 3A94 and 3A95. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2014; 37:338-47. [DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/24/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Schmitz
- Division of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology; Vetsuisse Faculty; University Bern; Bern Switzerland
| | - J. Zielinski
- Division of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology; Vetsuisse Faculty; University Bern; Bern Switzerland
| | - B. Dick
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Clinical Pharmacology; Inselspital; Bern Switzerland
| | - M. Mevissen
- Division of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology; Vetsuisse Faculty; University Bern; Bern Switzerland
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Knirsch W, Rhein MV, Scheer I, Liamlahi R, Bernet V, Dave H, Schmitz A, Latal B. Cerebral MRI Findings and Neurodevelopmental Outcome in Patients Operated for Congenital Heart Disease - From the Neonate to the Adolescent. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2013. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1354531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Stefanski A, Mevissen M, Möller AM, Kuehni-Boghenbor K, Schmitz A. Induction of cytochrome P450 enzymes in primary equine hepatocyte culture. Toxicol In Vitro 2013; 27:2023-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2013.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Revised: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Bertholdt S, Latal B, Liamlahi R, Pretre R, Scheer I, Goetti R, Dave H, Bernet V, Schmitz A, von Rhein M, Knirsch W. Cerebral lesions on magnetic resonance imaging correlate with preoperative neurological status in neonates undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass surgery. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2013; 45:625-32. [DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezt422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Schmitz A, Le Bras MO, Guillemoto C, Pierre I, Rose N, Bougeard S, Jestin V. Evaluation of a commercial ELISA for H5 low pathogenic avian influenza virus antibody detection in duck sera using Bayesian methods. J Virol Methods 2013; 193:197-204. [PMID: 23727545 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2013.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Revised: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Following the emergence of highly pathogenic avian influenza (AI), active surveillance of infections due to the H5 and H7 subtypes in poultry has increased and been made compulsory in Europe since 2002, by means of annual serological surveys using the haemagglutination inhibition (HI) test. Domestic anseriforms, particularly ducks and geese, are more frequently infected by H5 low pathogenic AI virus, often subclinically, and represent a threat for other terrestrial poultry. 1783 sera, mainly from ducks, have been used to evaluate and compare a commercial ELISA kit detecting H5 antibodies with the currently recommended HI test. Different approaches to calculating specificity and sensitivity have been used, including the original Bayesian method. Results were similar when data were analyzed at the individual and batch levels, and when using different methods of calculation. However, results showed that H5 ELISA had both a higher sensitivity and a lower specificity than the HI test. Given that sensitivity is the most important factor for a screening test, H5 ELISA could therefore be recommended for AI surveillance, followed in cases of positivity by molecular tests aimed at detecting the virus gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Schmitz
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety, Ploufragan/Plouzané Laboratory, Avian and Rabbit Virology, Immunology and Parasitology Unit, VIPAC, French National Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza and Newcastle Disease, BP 53, 22440 Ploufragan, France.
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Schmitz A, Radeleff B, Sommer CM, Kortes N, Bellemann N, Ganten T, Stampfl U, Kauczor HU. Erste Ergebnisse mit der superselectiver DEB-TACE unter der Verwendung von 100 µm TANDEM®-Partikel. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2013. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1346397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Doherty-Bone TM, Gonwouo NL, Hirschfeld M, Ohst T, Weldon C, Perkins M, Kouete MT, Browne RK, Loader SP, Gower DJ, Wilkinson MW, Rödel MO, Penner J, Barej MF, Schmitz A, Plötner J, Cunningham AA. Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in amphibians of Cameroon, including first records for caecilians. Dis Aquat Organ 2013; 102:187-194. [PMID: 23446968 DOI: 10.3354/dao02557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Amphibian chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) has been hypothesised to be an indigenous parasite of African amphibians. In Cameroon, however, previous surveys in one region (in the northwest) failed to detect this pathogen, despite the earliest African Bd having been recorded from a frog in eastern Cameroon, plus one recent record in the far southeast. To reconcile these contrasting results, we present survey data from 12 localities across 6 regions of Cameroon from anurans (n = 1052) and caecilians (n = 85) of ca. 108 species. Bd was detected in 124 amphibian hosts at 7 localities, including Mt. Oku, Mt. Cameroon, Mt. Manengouba and lowland localities in the centre and west of the country. None of the hosts were observed dead or dying. Infected amphibian hosts were not detected in other localities in the south and eastern rainforest belt. Infection occurred in both anurans and caecilians, making this the first reported case of infection in the latter order (Gymnophiona) of amphibians. There was no significant difference between prevalence and infection intensity in frogs and caecilians. We highlight the importance of taking into account the inhibition of diagnostic qPCR in studies on Bd, based on all Bd-positive hosts being undetected when screened without bovine serum albumin in the qPCR mix. The status of Bd as an indigenous, cosmopolitan amphibian parasite in Africa, including Cameroon, is supported by this work. Isolating and sequencing strains of Bd from Cameroon should now be a priority. Longitudinal host population monitoring will be required to determine the effects, if any, of the infection on amphibians in Cameroon.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M Doherty-Bone
- Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, London, UK
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Peters L, Demmel S, Pusch G, Buters J, Thormann W, Zielinski J, Leeb T, Mevissen M, Schmitz A. Equine cytochrome P450 2B6 — Genomic identification, expression and functional characterization with ketamine. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2013; 266:101-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2012.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2012] [Revised: 10/19/2012] [Accepted: 10/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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