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Qu G, Yao J, Wang J, Zhang X, Dai J, Yu H, Dai Y, Xing Y. Molluscicide screening and identification of novel targets against Pomacea canaliculata. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024; 80:4264-4272. [PMID: 38624214 DOI: 10.1002/ps.8131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Owing to the nonavailability of any clear targets for molluscicides against Pomacea canaliculata, target-based screening strategy cannot be employed. In this study, the molluscicidal effects of typical pesticides on P. canaliculata were evaluated to obtain the molluscicide target. A series of arylpyrrole compounds were synthesized based on the discovered target, and their structure-activity relationships explored. A preliminary strategy for screening molluscicides based on specific targets was also developed. RESULTS A laboratory colony of P. canaliculata was developed, which showed no difference in sensitivity to niclosamide compared with the wild group, while exhibiting a higher stability against pesticide response. Mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthase inhibitors and mitochondrial membrane potential uncouplers were identified and validated as potential targets for molluscicide screening against P. canaliculata. A series of arylpyrrole compounds were designed and synthesized. The median lethal concentration of 4-bromo-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrrole-3-carbonitrile (Compound 102) was 10-fold lower than that of niclosamide. CONCLUSION New molluscicide targets were discovered and validated, and preliminary strategies were explored for pesticide screening based on these targets. Compound 102 exhibited a high molluscicidal activity and had a great potential value for exploring a molluscicide to control P. canaliculata. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoli Qu
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, China
| | - Jiakai Yao
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, China
| | - Jie Wang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiaofei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and New Drug Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Jianrong Dai
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, China
| | - Haonan Yu
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, China
| | - Yang Dai
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, China
| | - Yuntian Xing
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, China
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Exploring the Role of Innate Lymphocytes in the Immune System of Bats and Virus-Host Interactions. Viruses 2022; 14:v14010150. [PMID: 35062356 PMCID: PMC8781337 DOI: 10.3390/v14010150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Bats are reservoirs of a large number of viruses of global public health significance, including the ancestral virus for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Although bats are natural carriers of multiple pathogenic viruses, they rarely display signs of disease. Recent insights suggest that bats have a more balanced host defense and tolerance system to viral infections that may be linked to the evolutionary adaptation to powered flight. Therefore, a deeper understanding of bat immune system may provide intervention strategies to prevent zoonotic disease transmission and to identify new therapeutic targets. Similar to other eutherian mammals, bats have both innate and adaptive immune systems that have evolved to detect and respond to invading pathogens. Bridging these two systems are innate lymphocytes, which are highly abundant within circulation and barrier tissues. These cells share the characteristics of both innate and adaptive immune cells and are poised to mount rapid effector responses. They are ideally suited as the first line of defense against early stages of viral infections. Here, we will focus on the current knowledge of innate lymphocytes in bats, their function, and their potential role in host–pathogen interactions. Moreover, given that studies into bat immune systems are often hindered by a lack of bat-specific research tools, we will discuss strategies that may aid future research in bat immunity, including the potential use of organoid models to delineate the interplay between innate lymphocytes, bat viruses, and host tolerance.
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Mortlock M, Geldenhuys M, Dietrich M, Epstein JH, Weyer J, Pawęska JT, Markotter W. Seasonal shedding patterns of diverse henipavirus-related paramyxoviruses in Egyptian rousette bats. Sci Rep 2021; 11:24262. [PMID: 34930962 PMCID: PMC8688450 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03641-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Bat-borne viruses in the Henipavirus genus have been associated with zoonotic diseases of high morbidity and mortality in Asia and Australia. In Africa, the Egyptian rousette bat species (Rousettus aegyptiacus) is an important viral host in which Henipavirus-related viral sequences have previously been identified. We expanded these findings by assessing the viral dynamics in a southern African bat population. A longitudinal study of henipavirus diversity and excretion dynamics identified 18 putative viral species circulating in a local population, three with differing seasonal dynamics, and the winter and spring periods posing a higher risk of virus spillover and transmission. The annual peaks in virus excretion are most likely driven by subadults and may be linked to the waning of maternal immunity and recolonization of the roost in early spring. These results provide insightful information into the bat-host relationship that can be extrapolated to other populations across Africa and be communicated to at-risk communities as a part of evidence-based public health education and prevention measures against pathogen spillover threats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marinda Mortlock
- grid.49697.350000 0001 2107 2298Centre for Viral Zoonoses, Department of Medical Virology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0001 South Africa
| | - Marike Geldenhuys
- grid.49697.350000 0001 2107 2298Centre for Viral Zoonoses, Department of Medical Virology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0001 South Africa
| | - Muriel Dietrich
- grid.503393.fUMR Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical, 97490 Sainte-Clotilde, Reunion Island France
| | - Jonathan H. Epstein
- grid.49697.350000 0001 2107 2298Centre for Viral Zoonoses, Department of Medical Virology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0001 South Africa ,grid.420826.a0000 0004 0409 4702EcoHealth Alliance, New York, NY 10001 USA
| | - Jacqueline Weyer
- grid.49697.350000 0001 2107 2298Centre for Viral Zoonoses, Department of Medical Virology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0001 South Africa ,grid.416657.70000 0004 0630 4574Centre for Emerging Zoonotic and Parasitic Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, 2131 South Africa ,grid.11951.3d0000 0004 1937 1135Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, School of Pathology, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2131 South Africa
| | - Janusz T. Pawęska
- grid.49697.350000 0001 2107 2298Centre for Viral Zoonoses, Department of Medical Virology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0001 South Africa ,grid.416657.70000 0004 0630 4574Centre for Emerging Zoonotic and Parasitic Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, 2131 South Africa ,grid.11951.3d0000 0004 1937 1135Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, School of Pathology, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2131 South Africa
| | - Wanda Markotter
- Centre for Viral Zoonoses, Department of Medical Virology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa.
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Gamble A, Yeo YY, Butler AA, Tang H, Snedden CE, Mason CT, Buchholz DW, Bingham J, Aguilar HC, Lloyd-Smith JO. Drivers and Distribution of Henipavirus-Induced Syncytia: What Do We Know? Viruses 2021; 13:1755. [PMID: 34578336 PMCID: PMC8472861 DOI: 10.3390/v13091755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Syncytium formation, i.e., cell-cell fusion resulting in the formation of multinucleated cells, is a hallmark of infection by paramyxoviruses and other pathogenic viruses. This natural mechanism has historically been a diagnostic marker for paramyxovirus infection in vivo and is now widely used for the study of virus-induced membrane fusion in vitro. However, the role of syncytium formation in within-host dissemination and pathogenicity of viruses remains poorly understood. The diversity of henipaviruses and their wide host range and tissue tropism make them particularly appropriate models with which to characterize the drivers of syncytium formation and the implications for virus fitness and pathogenicity. Based on the henipavirus literature, we summarized current knowledge on the mechanisms driving syncytium formation, mostly acquired from in vitro studies, and on the in vivo distribution of syncytia. While these data suggest that syncytium formation widely occurs across henipaviruses, hosts, and tissues, we identified important data gaps that undermined our understanding of the role of syncytium formation in virus pathogenesis. Based on these observations, we propose solutions of varying complexity to fill these data gaps, from better practices in data archiving and publication for in vivo studies, to experimental approaches in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandine Gamble
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (A.A.B.); (H.T.); (C.E.S.); (J.O.L.-S.)
| | - Yao Yu Yeo
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA; (Y.Y.Y.); (D.W.B.); (H.C.A.)
| | - Aubrey A. Butler
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (A.A.B.); (H.T.); (C.E.S.); (J.O.L.-S.)
| | - Hubert Tang
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (A.A.B.); (H.T.); (C.E.S.); (J.O.L.-S.)
| | - Celine E. Snedden
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (A.A.B.); (H.T.); (C.E.S.); (J.O.L.-S.)
| | - Christian T. Mason
- Department of Computational Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;
| | - David W. Buchholz
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA; (Y.Y.Y.); (D.W.B.); (H.C.A.)
| | - John Bingham
- CSIRO Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia;
| | - Hector C. Aguilar
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA; (Y.Y.Y.); (D.W.B.); (H.C.A.)
| | - James O. Lloyd-Smith
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (A.A.B.); (H.T.); (C.E.S.); (J.O.L.-S.)
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Jolma ER, Gibson L, Suu-Ire RD, Fleischer G, Asumah S, Languon S, Restif O, Wood JLN, Cunningham AA. Longitudinal Secretion of Paramyxovirus RNA in the Urine of Straw-Coloured Fruit Bats ( Eidolon helvum). Viruses 2021; 13:v13081654. [PMID: 34452518 PMCID: PMC8402643 DOI: 10.3390/v13081654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The straw-coloured fruit bat (Eidolon helvum) is widespread in sub-Saharan Africa and is widely hunted for bushmeat. It is known to harbour a range of paramyxoviruses, including rubuloviruses and henipaviruses, but the zoonotic potential of these is unknown. We previously found a diversity of paramyxoviruses within a small, captive colony of E. helvum after it had been closed to contact with other bats for 5 years. In this study, we used under-roost urine collection to further investigate the paramyxovirus diversity and ecology in this colony, which had been closed to the outside for 10 years at the time of sampling. By sampling urine weekly throughout an entire year, we investigated possible seasonal patterns of shedding of virus or viral RNA. Using a generic paramyxovirus L-gene PCR, we detected eight distinct paramyxovirus RNA sequences. Six distinct sequences were detected using a Henipavirus-specific PCR that targeted a different region of the L-gene. Sequence detection had a bi-annual pattern, with the greatest peak in July, although different RNA sequences appeared to have different shedding patterns. No significant associations were detected between sequence detection and birthing season, environmental temperature or humidity, and no signs of illness were detected in any of the bats in the colony during the period of sample collection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elli Rosa Jolma
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, London NW1 4RY, UK;
- Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA, UK
- Correspondence: (E.R.J.); (A.A.C.)
| | - Louise Gibson
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, London NW1 4RY, UK;
| | - Richard D. Suu-Ire
- School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 25, Legon, Accra, Ghana; (R.D.S.-I.); (G.F.)
| | - Grace Fleischer
- School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 25, Legon, Accra, Ghana; (R.D.S.-I.); (G.F.)
| | - Samuel Asumah
- Wildlife Division of Forestry Commission, P.O. Box M 239, Accra, Ghana;
| | - Sylvester Languon
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra 00233, Ghana;
| | - Olivier Restif
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK; (O.R.); (J.L.N.W.)
| | - James L. N. Wood
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK; (O.R.); (J.L.N.W.)
| | - Andrew A. Cunningham
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, London NW1 4RY, UK;
- Correspondence: (E.R.J.); (A.A.C.)
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