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万 欣, 洪 崇, 王 进, 宋 高, 刘 叔. [3-O-β-chacotriosyl glycyrrhetinic acid derivatives as potential small-molecule SARS-CoV-2 fusion inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2 entry into host cells]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2024; 44:474-483. [PMID: 38597438 PMCID: PMC11006688 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2024.03.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the inhibitory activities of 3-O-β-chacotriosyl glycyrrhetinic acid derivatives against the entry of SARS-CoV-2 into host cells. METHODS With pentacyclic triterpene saponin glycyrrhizic acid (a natural SARS-CoV-2 entry inhibitor) as the lead compound, a series of 3-O-β-chacotriosyl glycyrrhetinic acid derivatives were designed and synthesized based on hypridization principle, and their inhibitory activities against virus entry were tested in SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirusinfected cells. The antiviral targets of the lead compound 1b was identified by pseudotyped SARS-CoV-2 infection assay and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) assay, and the S protein-mediated cell-cell fusion assay was used to evaluate the effect of 1b on virus-cell membrane fusion. Molecular docking and single amino acid mutagenesis were carried out to analyze the effect of 1b on binding activitiy of S protein. RESULTS The lead compound 1b showed significant inhibitory effect against Omicron pseudovirus with an EC50 value of 3.28 μmol/L (P < 0.05), and had broad-spectrum antiviral activity against other SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus. Spike-dependent cell-cell fusion assay demonstrated an inhibitory effect of 1b against SARS-CoV-2 S proteinmediated cell-cell fusion. Molecular docking analysis predicted that the lead compound 1b could be well fitted into a cavity between the attachment (S1) and fusion (S2) subunits at the 3-fold axis, where it formed multiple hydrophobic interactions with Glu309, Ser305, Arg765 and Lys964 residues with a KD value of -8.6 kcal/mol. The compound 1b at 10, 5, 2.5 and 1.25 μmol/L showed a significantly reduced inhibitory activity against the pseudovirus with mutated Arg765, Lys964, Glu309 and Leu303 (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION 3-O-β-chacotriosyl glycyrrhetinic acid derivatives are capable of stabilizing spike protein in the pre-fusion step to interfere with the fusion of SARS-CoV-2 with host cell membrane, and can thus serve as potential novel small-molecule SARS-CoV-2 fusion inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- 欣 万
- 惠州卫生职业技术学院药学与检验学院,广东 惠州 516000School of Pharmacy and Laboratory Medicine, Huizhou Health Sciences Polytechnic, Huizhou 516000, China
| | - 崇竣 洪
- 华南农业大学材料与能源学院,广东 广州 510642College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - 进绅 王
- 南方医科大学药学院,广东 广州 510515School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 高鹏 宋
- 华南农业大学材料与能源学院,广东 广州 510642College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - 叔文 刘
- 南方医科大学药学院,广东 广州 510515School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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Zhao Y, Hua C, Sha YO, Wu PQ, Liu QF, Lu L, Zhou B, Jiang SB, Fan YY, Yue JM. Diterpenoids from Euphorbia lactea and their anti-HIV-1 activity. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2023:113745. [PMID: 37277012 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2023.113745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Nine undescribed diterpenoids, euphlactenoids A-I (1-9), including four ingol-type diterpenoids (1-4) with a 5/3/11/3-tetracyclic framework and five ent-pimarane-type diterpenoids (5-9), together with thirteen known diterpenoids (10-22), were identified from the leaves and stems of Euphorbia lactea Haw. The structures and absolute configurations of compounds 1-9 were unequivocally elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis, ECD calculations and single crystal X-ray diffraction. Compounds 3 and 16 showed anti-HIV-1 effects with IC50 values of 1.17 μM (SI = 16.54) and 13.10 μM (SI = 1.93), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zhao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China; State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Chen Hua
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Biosafety Level 3 Laboratory, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Ou Sha
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Biosafety Level 3 Laboratory, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pei-Qian Wu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China; State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Qun-Fang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Lu Lu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Biosafety Level 3 Laboratory, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China; Research Units of Discovery of New Drug Lead Molecules, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Shi-Bo Jiang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Biosafety Level 3 Laboratory, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yao-Yue Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Jian-Min Yue
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China; State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China; Research Units of Discovery of New Drug Lead Molecules, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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Guo L, Lin S, Chen Z, Cao Y, He B, Lu G. Targetable elements in SARS-CoV-2 S2 subunit for the design of pan-coronavirus fusion inhibitors and vaccines. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:197. [PMID: 37164987 PMCID: PMC10170451 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01472-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The ongoing global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has caused devastating impacts on the public health and the global economy. Rapid viral antigenic evolution has led to the continual generation of new variants. Of special note is the recently expanding Omicron subvariants that are capable of immune evasion from most of the existing neutralizing antibodies (nAbs). This has posed new challenges for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. Therefore, exploring broad-spectrum antiviral agents to combat the emerging variants is imperative. In sharp contrast to the massive accumulation of mutations within the SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD), the S2 fusion subunit has remained highly conserved among variants. Hence, S2-based therapeutics may provide effective cross-protection against new SARS-CoV-2 variants. Here, we summarize the most recently developed broad-spectrum fusion inhibitors (e.g., nAbs, peptides, proteins, and small-molecule compounds) and candidate vaccines targeting the conserved elements in SARS-CoV-2 S2 subunit. The main focus includes all the targetable S2 elements, namely, the fusion peptide, stem helix, and heptad repeats 1 and 2 (HR1-HR2) bundle. Moreover, we provide a detailed summary of the characteristics and action-mechanisms for each class of cross-reactive fusion inhibitors, which should guide and promote future design of S2-based inhibitors and vaccines against new coronaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Guo
- Department of Emergency Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Sheng Lin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Zimin Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Yu Cao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
- Disaster Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Bin He
- Department of Emergency Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.
| | - Guangwen Lu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.
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Chaurasyia A, Chawla P, Monga V, Singh G. Rhodanine derivatives: An insight into the synthetic and medicinal perspectives as antimicrobial and antiviral agents. Chem Biol Drug Des 2023; 101:500-549. [PMID: 36447391 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Rhodanine or 2-Thioxothiazolidin-4-one is a privileged heterocyclic compound offering a wide opportunity for structural modification, lead development, and modification. It is one of the highly decorated scaffolds in the drug discovery process. Rhodanine derivatives possess a plethora of biological activities due to their ability to interact with a diverse range of protein targets, which provide tremendous opportunities to discover new drugs with different modes of action. The most common strategy for developing novel rhodanine derivatives is the introduction of structurally diverse substituents at the C-5 or N-3, or both positions. Since the inception of Epralestat into the market in 1992, the exploration of rhodanine-3-acetic acids has led to the development of novel leads against different biological targets such as MRSA, HHV-6, Mycobacterial tuberculosis, dengue, etc. In the current pandemic era, some rhodanine compounds have been explored against SARS-CoV-2. In recent years, rhodanine and its derivatives have witnessed significant progress in developing new drug leads as potential antimicrobial and antiviral agents. Different synthetic methodologies and recent developments in the medicinal chemistry of rhodanine derivatives, including biological activities, their mechanistic aspects, structure-activity relationships, and in silico findings, have been compiled in the present review. This article will benefit the scientific community and offer perspectives on how these scaffolds as privileged structures might be exploited in the future for rational design and discovery of rhodanine-based bio-active molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Chaurasyia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Pooja Chawla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Vikramdeep Monga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Gurpreet Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India.,Research Scholar, IK Gujral Punjab Technical University, Kapurthala, Punjab, India
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Thuru X, Magnez R, Vergoten G, Bailly C. A Potential Off-Target Effect of the Wnt/β-Catenin Inhibitor KYA1797K: PD-L1 Binding and Checkpoint Inhibition. Biomed Hub 2023; 8:1-9. [PMID: 36938364 PMCID: PMC10015704 DOI: 10.1159/000528499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The quest for small molecule inhibitors of the PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint continues in parallel to the extensive development of monoclonal antibodies directed against this immune checkpoint. Drug screening strategies are being set up to identify novel PD-L1 inhibitors. Methods A virtual screening based on molecular docking with the PD-L1 protein dimer has been performed to identify a new binder. Binding of the identified ligand to PD-L1 has been validated experimentally using a microscale thermophoresis (MST) assay. The cellular effect of the compound was evidenced using a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) assay based on activation of tyrosine phosphatase SHP-2. Results We have identified the potent Wnt/β-catenin inhibitor KYA1797K as a weak PD-L1 binder. Molecular docking suggested that the compound can bind to the interface of a PD-L1 dimer, with a geometry superimposable to that of the reference PD-L1 inhibitor BMS-202. The atypical 2-thioxo-4-thiazolidinone motif of KYA1797K, derived from the natural product rhodanine, plays a major role in the interaction with PD-L1. Binding of KYA1797K to recombinant hPD-L1 was validated experimentally, using MST. The drug was found to bind modestly but effectively to hPD-L1. The FRET assay confirmed the weak capacity of KYA1797K to interfere with the activation of SHP-2 upon its interaction with human PD-1. Discussion Collectively, the data show that KYA1797K could function as a weak modulator of the PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint. This effect may contribute, at least partially, to the reported capacity of the β-catenin inhibitor to downregulate PD-L1 in cancer cells. The work also underlines the interest to further consider the rhodanine moiety as a chemical motif for the design of new PD-L1 binders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Thuru
- Inserm, CHU Lille, CNRS, UMR9020 − UMR1277 − Canther − Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, University Lille, Lille, France
- *Xavier THURU,
| | - Romain Magnez
- Inserm, CHU Lille, CNRS, UMR9020 − UMR1277 − Canther − Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, University Lille, Lille, France
| | - Gérard Vergoten
- Inserm, INFINITE − U1286, Institut de Chimie Pharmaceutique Albert Lespagnol (ICPAL), Faculté de Pharmacie, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Christian Bailly
- Inserm, CHU Lille, CNRS, UMR9020 − UMR1277 − Canther − Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, University Lille, Lille, France
- Oncowitan, Scientific Consulting Office, Lille (Wasquehal), France
- **Christian BAILLY,
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Lan Q, Wang L, Jiao F, Lu L, Xia S, Jiang S. Pan-coronavirus fusion inhibitors to combat COVID-19 and other emerging coronavirus infectious diseases. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28143. [PMID: 36098460 PMCID: PMC9539121 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of the currently ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, has posed a serious threat to global public health. Recently, several SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) have emerged and caused numerous cases of reinfection in convalescent COVID-19 patients, as well as breakthrough infections in vaccinated individuals. This calls for the development of broad-spectrum antiviral drugs to combat SARS-CoV-2 and its VOCs. Pan-coronavirus fusion inhibitors, targeting the conserved heptad repeat 1 (HR1) in spike protein S2 subunit, can broadly and potently inhibit infection of SARS-CoV-2 and its variants, as well as other human coronaviruses. In this review, we summarized the most recent development of pan-coronavirus fusion inhibitors, such as EK1, EK1C4, and EKL1C, and highlighted their potential application in combating current COVID-19 infection and reinfection, as well as future emerging coronavirus infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoshuai Lan
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Pathogenic Microbes and Infection, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and BiosecurityFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Lijue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Pathogenic Microbes and Infection, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and BiosecurityFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Fanke Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Pathogenic Microbes and Infection, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and BiosecurityFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Lu Lu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Pathogenic Microbes and Infection, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and BiosecurityFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Shuai Xia
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Pathogenic Microbes and Infection, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and BiosecurityFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Shibo Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Pathogenic Microbes and Infection, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and BiosecurityFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
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Zhang C, Meng X, Zhao H. Comparison of Cell Fusions Induced by Influenza Virus and SARS-CoV-2. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137365. [PMID: 35806369 PMCID: PMC9266613 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Virus–cell fusion is the key step for viral infection in host cells. Studies on virus binding and fusion with host cells are important for understanding the virus–host interaction and viral pathogenesis for the discovery of antiviral drugs. In this review, we focus on the virus–cell fusions induced by the two major pandemic viruses, including the influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2. We further compare the cell fusions induced by the influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2, especially the pH-dependent fusion of the influenza virus and the fusion of SARS-CoV-2 in the type-II transmembrane serine protease 2 negative (TMPRSS2-) cells with syncytia formation. Finally, we present the development of drugs used against SARA-CoV-2 and the influenza virus through the discovery of anti-fusion drugs and the prevention of pandemic respiratory viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuyuan Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (C.Z.); (X.M.)
| | - Xinjie Meng
- Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (C.Z.); (X.M.)
- Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hanjun Zhao
- Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (C.Z.); (X.M.)
- Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +852-2255-4892
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