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Speckhart K, Choi J, DiMaio D, Tsai B. The BICD2 dynein cargo adaptor binds to the HPV16 L2 capsid protein and promotes HPV infection. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1012289. [PMID: 38829892 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1012289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
During entry, human papillomavirus (HPV) traffics from the endosome to the trans Golgi network (TGN) and Golgi and then the nucleus to cause infection. Although dynein is thought to play a role in HPV infection, how this host motor recruits the virus to support infection and which entry step(s) requires dynein are unclear. Here we show that the dynein cargo adaptor BICD2 binds to the HPV L2 capsid protein during entry, recruiting HPV to dynein for transport of the virus along the endosome-TGN/Golgi axis to promote infection. In the absence of BICD2 function, HPV accumulates in the endosome and TGN and infection is inhibited. Cell-based and in vitro binding studies identified a short segment near the C-terminus of L2 that can directly interact with BICD2. Our results reveal the molecular basis by which the dynein motor captures HPV to promote infection and identify this virus as a novel cargo of the BICD2 dynein adaptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn Speckhart
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Jeongjoon Choi
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Daniel DiMaio
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Billy Tsai
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
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2
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Lim YX, D'Silva NJ. HPV-associated oropharyngeal cancer: in search of surrogate biomarkers for early lesions. Oncogene 2024; 43:543-554. [PMID: 38191674 PMCID: PMC10873204 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02927-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
The incidence of oropharyngeal cancer (OPSCC) has escalated in the past few decades; this has largely been triggered by high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV). Early cancer screening is needed for timely clinical intervention and may reduce mortality and morbidity, but the lack of knowledge about premalignant lesions for OPSCC poses a significant challenge to early detection. Biomarkers that identify individuals at high risk for OPSCC may act as surrogate markers for precancer but these are limited as only a few studies decipher the multistep progression from HPV infection to OPSCC development. Here, we summarize the current literature describing the multistep progression from oral HPV infection, persistence, and tumor development in the oropharynx. We also examine key challenges that hinder the identification of premalignant lesions in the oropharynx and discuss potential biomarkers for oropharyngeal precancer. Finally, we evaluate novel strategies to improve investigations of the biological process that drives oral HPV persistence and OPSCC, highlighting new developments in the establishment of a genetic progression model for HPV + OPSCC and in vivo models that mimic HPV + OPSCC pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne X Lim
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1011 N. University Ave, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Nisha J D'Silva
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1011 N. University Ave, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, 1500 E Medical Center Dr, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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Merdler-Rabinowicz R, Gorelik D, Park J, Meydan C, Foox J, Karmon M, Roth H, Cohen-Fultheim R, Shohat-ophir G, Eisenberg E, Ruppin E, Mason C, Levanon E. Elevated A-to-I RNA editing in COVID-19 infected individuals. NAR Genom Bioinform 2023; 5:lqad092. [PMID: 37859800 PMCID: PMC10583280 DOI: 10.1093/nargab/lqad092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Given the current status of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as a global pandemic, it is of high priority to gain a deeper understanding of the disease's development and how the virus impacts its host. Adenosine (A)-to-Inosine (I) RNA editing is a post-transcriptional modification, catalyzed by the ADAR family of enzymes, that can be considered part of the inherent cellular defense mechanism as it affects the innate immune response in a complex manner. It was previously reported that various viruses could interact with the host's ADAR enzymes, resulting in epigenetic changes both to the virus and the host. Here, we analyze RNA-seq of nasopharyngeal swab specimens as well as whole-blood samples of COVID-19 infected individuals and show a significant elevation in the global RNA editing activity in COVID-19 compared to healthy controls. We also detect specific coding sites that exhibit higher editing activity. We further show that the increment in editing activity during the disease is temporary and returns to baseline shortly after the symptomatic period. These significant epigenetic changes may contribute to the immune system response and affect adverse outcomes seen in post-viral cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rona Merdler-Rabinowicz
- Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Cancer Data Science Lab, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- The Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar‐Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - David Gorelik
- Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
- The Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar‐Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Jiwoon Park
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Cem Meydan
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jonathan Foox
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Miriam Karmon
- Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
- The Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar‐Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Hillel S Roth
- Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
- The Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar‐Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Roni Cohen-Fultheim
- Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
- The Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar‐Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Galit Shohat-ophir
- Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Leslie and Susan Gonda Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center and The Nanotechnology Institute, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Eli Eisenberg
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Eytan Ruppin
- Cancer Data Science Lab, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Christopher E Mason
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- The WorldQuant Initiative for Quantitative Prediction, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Erez Y Levanon
- Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
- The Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar‐Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
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Ye J, Zheng L, He Y, Qi X. Human papillomavirus associated cervical lesion: pathogenesis and therapeutic interventions. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e368. [PMID: 37719443 PMCID: PMC10501338 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most prevalent sexually transmitted virus globally. Persistent high-risk HPV infection can result in cervical precancerous lesions and cervical cancer, with 70% of cervical cancer cases associated with high-risk types HPV16 and 18. HPV infection imposes a significant financial and psychological burden. Therefore, studying methods to eradicate HPV infection and halt the progression of precancerous lesions remains crucial. This review comprehensively explores the mechanisms underlying HPV-related cervical lesions, including the viral life cycle, immune factors, epithelial cell malignant transformation, and host and environmental contributing factors. Additionally, we provide a comprehensive overview of treatment methods for HPV-related cervical precancerous lesions and cervical cancer. Our focus is on immunotherapy, encompassing HPV therapeutic vaccines, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and advanced adoptive T cell therapy. Furthermore, we summarize the commonly employed drugs and other nonsurgical treatments currently utilized in clinical practice for managing HPV infection and associated cervical lesions. Gene editing technology is currently undergoing clinical research and, although not yet employed officially in clinical treatment of cervical lesions, numerous preclinical studies have substantiated its efficacy. Therefore, it holds promise as a precise treatment strategy for HPV-related cervical lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiatian Ye
- Department of Gynecology and ObstetricsKey Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Lan Zheng
- Department of Pathology and Lab MedicineUniversity of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Yuedong He
- Department of Gynecology and ObstetricsKey Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Xiaorong Qi
- Department of Gynecology and ObstetricsKey Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
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Jung S, Lee HS, Shin HC, Choi JS, Kim SJ, Ku B. Crystal Structures of Plk1 Polo-Box Domain Bound to the Human Papillomavirus Minor Capsid Protein L2-Derived Peptide. J Microbiol 2023; 61:755-764. [PMID: 37684534 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-023-00071-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) can increase the proliferation of infected cells during HPV-driven abnormalities, such as cervical cancer or benign warts. To date, more than 200 HPV genotypes have been identified, most of which are classified into three major genera: Alphapapillomavirus, Betapapillomavirus, and Gammapapillomavirus. HPV genomes commonly encode two structural (L1 and L2) and seven functional (E1, E2, E4-E7, and E8) proteins. L2, the minor structural protein of HPVs, not only serves as a viral capsid component but also interacts with various human proteins during viral infection. A recent report revealed that L2 of HPV16 recruits polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1), a master regulator of eukaryotic mitosis and cell cycle progression, for the delivery of viral DNA to mitotic chromatin during HPV16 infection. In this study, we verified the direct and potent interactions between the polo-box domain (PBD) of Plk1 and PBD-binding motif (S-S-pT-P)-containing phosphopeptides derived from L2 of HPV16/HPV18 (high-risk alphapapillomaviruses), HPV5b (low-risk betapapillomavirus), and HPV4 (low-risk gammapapillomavirus). Subsequent structural determination of the Plk1 PBD bound to the HPV18 or HPV4 L2-derived phosphopeptide demonstrated that they interact with each other in a canonical manner, in which electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonds play key roles in sustaining the complex. Therefore, our structural and biochemical data imply that Plk1 is a broad binding target of L2 of various HPV genotypes belonging to the Alpha-, Beta-, and Gammapapillomavirus genera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujin Jung
- Disease Target Structure Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Seon Lee
- Disease Target Structure Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Chul Shin
- Critical Diseases Diagnostics Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Sig Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Jun Kim
- Disease Target Structure Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
- Critical Diseases Diagnostics Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Bonsu Ku
- Disease Target Structure Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
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Choi J, DiMaio D. Noncanonical Rab9a action supports endosomal exit of human papillomavirus during virus entry. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.01.538937. [PMID: 37205481 PMCID: PMC10187250 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.01.538937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Rab GTPases play key roles in controlling intracellular vesicular transport. GTP-bound Rab proteins support vesicle trafficking. Here, we report that, unlike cellular protein cargos, the delivery of human papillomaviruses (HPV) into the retrograde transport pathway during virus entry is inhibited by Rab9a in its GTP-bound form. Knockdown of Rab9a hampers HPV entry by regulating the HPV-retromer interaction and impairing retromer-mediated endosome-to-Golgi transport of the incoming virus, resulting in the accumulation of HPV in the endosome. Rab9a is in proximity to HPV as early as 3.5 h post-infection, prior to the Rab7-HPV interaction. HPV displays increased association with retromer in Rab9a knockdown cells, even in the presence of dominant negative Rab7. Thus, Rab9a can regulate HPV-retromer association independently of Rab7. Surprisingly, excess GTP-Rab9a impairs HPV entry, whereas excess GDP-Rab9a stimulates entry. These findings reveal that HPV employs a trafficking mechanism distinct from that used by cellular proteins.
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Harwood MC, Woo TT, Takeo Y, DiMaio D, Tsai B. HPV is a cargo for the COPI sorting complex during virus entry. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadc9830. [PMID: 36662862 PMCID: PMC9858521 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adc9830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
During entry, human papillomavirus (HPV) traffics from the cell surface to the endosome and then to the trans-Golgi network (TGN) and Golgi apparatus. HPV must transit across the TGN/Golgi and exit these compartments to reach the nucleus to cause infection, although how these steps are accomplished is unclear. Combining cellular fractionation, unbiased proteomics, and gene knockdown strategies, we identified the coat protein complex I (COPI), a highly conserved protein complex that facilitates retrograde trafficking of cellular cargos, as a host factor required for HPV infection. Upon TGN/Golgi arrival, the cytoplasmic segment of HPV L2 binds directly to COPI. COPI depletion causes the accumulation of HPV in the TGN/Golgi, resembling the fate of a COPI binding-defective L2 mutant. We propose that the L2-COPI interaction drives HPV trafficking through the TGN and Golgi stacks during virus entry. This shows that an incoming virus is a cargo of the COPI complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara C. Harwood
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Tai-Ting Woo
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yuka Takeo
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Daniel DiMaio
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Billy Tsai
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Morante AV, Baboolal DD, Simon X, Pan ECY, Meneses PI. Human Papillomavirus Minor Capsid Protein L2 Mediates Intracellular Trafficking into and Passage beyond the Endoplasmic Reticulum. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0150522. [PMID: 35608352 PMCID: PMC9241893 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01505-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) consist of two capsid proteins: major capsid protein L1 and minor capsid protein L2. The L2 protein has been shown to be involved in intracellular trafficking events that lead to the deposition of the viral DNA into the nucleus. In this study, we investigate the role of HPV16 L2 residues 43-DQILQ-47 during intracellular trafficking in human keratinocytes. We demonstrate that the highly conserved amino acids aspartic acid, isoleucine, and leucine are involved with the intracellular trafficking of the virus. Amino acid substitution of the isoleucine and leucine residues with alanine residues results in a significant decrease in infectivity of the pseudovirions without any changes to the binding or internalization of the virus. The pseudovirions containing these substitutions exhibit an altered trafficking pattern and do not deposit the viral pseudogenome into the nucleus. Instead, these mutated pseudovirions display a lack of interaction with syntaxin 18, an ER SNARE protein, are unable to progress past the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and are redirected to the lysosomes. The results of this study help to elucidate the role and potential involvement of the 43-DQILQ-47 sequence during intracellular trafficking, specifically during trafficking beyond the ER. IMPORTANCE High-risk types of human papillomaviruses (HPVs), such as HPV16, are highly associated with cervical, anogenital, and oropharyngeal cancers. The minor capsid protein L2 is essential for the intracellular trafficking of the viral DNA to the nucleus. This study investigates the role of amino acid residues 43-DQILQ-47 of the HPV16 L2 protein in the intracellular trafficking of the virus. Understanding how the virus traffics through the cell is a key factor in the development of additional preventative antiviral therapies. This study illustrates, through modification of the 43-DQILQ-47 sequence in pseudovirions, the importance of the 43-DQILQ-47 sequence in the trafficking of the virus beyond the endoplasmic reticulum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony V. Morante
- Department of Biological Sciences, Fordham University, Bronx, New York, USA
| | | | - Xavier Simon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Fordham University, Bronx, New York, USA
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