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Sun Z, An Q, Li Y, Gao X, Wang H. Epidemiological characterization and risk assessment of rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus 2 (RHDV2/b/GI.2) in the world. Vet Res 2024; 55:38. [PMID: 38532494 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-024-01286-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
A novel variant of rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus, designated RHDV2/b/GI.2, was first discovered in France in 2010. Subsequently, RHDV2 rapidly spread to Africa, North America, Australia, and Asia. RHDV2 outbreaks have resulted in significant economic losses in the global rabbit industry and disrupted the balance of natural ecosystems. Our study investigated the seasonal characteristics of RHDV2 outbreaks using seasonal indices. RHDV2 is prone to causing significant outbreaks within domestic and wild rabbit populations during the spring season and is more likely to induce outbreaks within wild rabbit populations during late autumn in the Southern Hemisphere. Furthermore, based on outbreak data for domestic and wild rabbits and environmental variables, our study established two MaxEnt models to explore the relationship between RHDV2 outbreaks and the environmental factors and conducted outbreak risk predictions for RHDV2 in global domestic and wild rabbit populations. Both models demonstrated good predictive performance, with AUC values of 0.960 and 0.974, respectively. Road density, isothermality, and population density were identified as important variables in the outbreak of RHDV2 in domestic rabbits, while road density, normalized difference vegetation index, and mean annual solar radiation were considered key variables in the outbreak of RHDV2 in wild rabbits. The environmental factors associated with RHDV2 outbreaks identified in our study and the outbreak risk prediction maps generated in our study will aid in the formulation of appropriate RHDV2 control measures to reduce the risk of morbidity in domestic and wild rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Qi An
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yuepeng Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Hongbin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.
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Smertina E, Keller LM, Huang N, Flores-Benner G, Correa-Cuadros JP, Duclos M, Jaksic FM, Briceño C, Ramirez VN, Díaz-Gacitúa M, Carrasco-Fernández S, Smith IL, Strive T, Jenckel M. First Detection of Benign Rabbit Caliciviruses in Chile. Viruses 2024; 16:439. [PMID: 38543804 PMCID: PMC10974056 DOI: 10.3390/v16030439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic lagoviruses (Rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus, RHDV) are widely spread across the world and are used in Australia and New Zealand to control populations of feral European rabbits. The spread of the non-pathogenic lagoviruses, e.g., rabbit calicivirus (RCV), is less well studied as the infection results in no clinical signs. Nonetheless, RCV has important implications for the spread of RHDV and rabbit biocontrol as it can provide varying levels of cross-protection against fatal infection with pathogenic lagoviruses. In Chile, where European rabbits are also an introduced species, myxoma virus was used for localised biocontrol of rabbits in the 1950s. To date, there have been no studies investigating the presence of lagoviruses in the Chilean feral rabbit population. In this study, liver and duodenum rabbit samples from central Chile were tested for the presence of lagoviruses and positive samples were subject to whole RNA sequencing and subsequent data analysis. Phylogenetic analysis revealed a novel RCV variant in duodenal samples that likely originated from European RCVs. Sequencing analysis also detected the presence of a rabbit astrovirus in one of the lagovirus-positive samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Smertina
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Health and Biosecurity, Black Mountain, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia; (E.S.); (L.M.K.); (N.H.); (I.L.S.); (T.S.)
| | - Luca M. Keller
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Health and Biosecurity, Black Mountain, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia; (E.S.); (L.M.K.); (N.H.); (I.L.S.); (T.S.)
| | - Nina Huang
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Health and Biosecurity, Black Mountain, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia; (E.S.); (L.M.K.); (N.H.); (I.L.S.); (T.S.)
| | - Gabriela Flores-Benner
- Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile; (G.F.-B.); (J.P.C.-C.); (F.M.J.)
- Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES), Santiago 8331150, Chile; (M.D.); (S.C.-F.)
| | - Jennifer Paola Correa-Cuadros
- Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile; (G.F.-B.); (J.P.C.-C.); (F.M.J.)
- Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES), Santiago 8331150, Chile; (M.D.); (S.C.-F.)
| | - Melanie Duclos
- Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES), Santiago 8331150, Chile; (M.D.); (S.C.-F.)
- Centro de Investigación para la Sustentabilidad, Universidad Andrés Bello (CIS-UNAB), Santiago 8370251, Chile
| | - Fabian M. Jaksic
- Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile; (G.F.-B.); (J.P.C.-C.); (F.M.J.)
- Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES), Santiago 8331150, Chile; (M.D.); (S.C.-F.)
| | - Cristóbal Briceño
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8330111, Chile; (C.B.); (V.N.R.)
| | - Victor Neira Ramirez
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8330111, Chile; (C.B.); (V.N.R.)
| | | | - Sebastián Carrasco-Fernández
- Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES), Santiago 8331150, Chile; (M.D.); (S.C.-F.)
- Magíster en Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, República 440, Santiago 8370251, Chile
| | - Ina L. Smith
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Health and Biosecurity, Black Mountain, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia; (E.S.); (L.M.K.); (N.H.); (I.L.S.); (T.S.)
| | - Tanja Strive
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Health and Biosecurity, Black Mountain, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia; (E.S.); (L.M.K.); (N.H.); (I.L.S.); (T.S.)
| | - Maria Jenckel
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Health and Biosecurity, Black Mountain, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia; (E.S.); (L.M.K.); (N.H.); (I.L.S.); (T.S.)
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Peng NYG, Hall RN, Huang N, West P, Cox TE, Mahar JE, Mason H, Campbell S, O’Connor T, Read AJ, Patel KK, Taggart PL, Smith IL, Strive T, Jenckel M. Utilizing Molecular Epidemiology and Citizen Science for the Surveillance of Lagoviruses in Australia. Viruses 2023; 15:2348. [PMID: 38140589 PMCID: PMC10747141 DOI: 10.3390/v15122348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Australia has multiple lagoviruses with differing pathogenicity. The circulation of these viruses was traditionally determined through opportunistic sampling events. In the lead up to the nationwide release of RHDVa-K5 (GI.1aP-GI.1a) in 2017, an existing citizen science program, RabbitScan, was augmented to allow members of the public to submit samples collected from dead leporids for lagovirus testing. This study describes the information obtained from the increased number of leporid samples received between 2015 and 2022 and focuses on the recent epidemiological interactions and evolutionary trajectory of circulating lagoviruses in Australia between October 2020 and December 2022. A total of 2771 samples were tested from January 2015 to December 2022, of which 1643 were lagovirus-positive. Notable changes in the distribution of lagovirus variants were observed, predominantly in Western Australia, where RHDV2-4c (GI.4cP-GI.2) was detected again in 2021 after initially being reported to be present in 2018. Interestingly, we found evidence that the deliberately released RHDVa-K5 was able to establish and circulate in wild rabbit populations in WA. Overall, the incorporation of citizen science approaches proved to be a cost-efficient method to increase the sampling area and enable an in-depth analysis of lagovirus distribution, genetic diversity, and interactions. The maintenance of such programs is essential to enable continued investigations of the critical parameters affecting the biocontrol of feral rabbit populations in Australia, as well as to enable the detection of any potential future incursions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nias Y. G. Peng
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Health and Biosecurity, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia; (N.Y.G.P.); (R.N.H.); (N.H.); (H.M.); (I.L.S.); (T.S.)
| | - Robyn N. Hall
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Health and Biosecurity, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia; (N.Y.G.P.); (R.N.H.); (N.H.); (H.M.); (I.L.S.); (T.S.)
- Centre for Invasive Species Solutions, Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia; (P.W.); (A.J.R.); (K.K.P.); (P.L.T.)
- Ausvet Pty Ltd., Canberra, ACT 2617, Australia
| | - Nina Huang
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Health and Biosecurity, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia; (N.Y.G.P.); (R.N.H.); (N.H.); (H.M.); (I.L.S.); (T.S.)
| | - Peter West
- Centre for Invasive Species Solutions, Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia; (P.W.); (A.J.R.); (K.K.P.); (P.L.T.)
- Vertebrate Pest Research Unit, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Orange, NSW 2880, Australia;
| | - Tarnya E. Cox
- Vertebrate Pest Research Unit, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Orange, NSW 2880, Australia;
| | - Jackie E. Mahar
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia;
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Australian Animal Health Laboratory and Health and Biosecurity, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia
| | - Hugh Mason
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Health and Biosecurity, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia; (N.Y.G.P.); (R.N.H.); (N.H.); (H.M.); (I.L.S.); (T.S.)
| | - Susan Campbell
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development WA, Albany, WA 6630, Australia;
| | - Tiffany O’Connor
- Centre for Invasive Species Solutions, Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia; (P.W.); (A.J.R.); (K.K.P.); (P.L.T.)
- Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Menangle, NSW 2568, Australia
| | - Andrew J. Read
- Centre for Invasive Species Solutions, Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia; (P.W.); (A.J.R.); (K.K.P.); (P.L.T.)
- Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Menangle, NSW 2568, Australia
| | - Kandarp K. Patel
- Centre for Invasive Species Solutions, Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia; (P.W.); (A.J.R.); (K.K.P.); (P.L.T.)
- Invasive Species Unit, Department of Primary Industries and Regions SA, Urrbrae, SA 5064, Australia
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA 5371, Australia
| | - Patrick L. Taggart
- Centre for Invasive Species Solutions, Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia; (P.W.); (A.J.R.); (K.K.P.); (P.L.T.)
- Vertebrate Pest Research Unit, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Queanbeyan, NSW 2620, Australia
| | - Ina L. Smith
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Health and Biosecurity, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia; (N.Y.G.P.); (R.N.H.); (N.H.); (H.M.); (I.L.S.); (T.S.)
| | - Tanja Strive
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Health and Biosecurity, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia; (N.Y.G.P.); (R.N.H.); (N.H.); (H.M.); (I.L.S.); (T.S.)
- Centre for Invasive Species Solutions, Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia; (P.W.); (A.J.R.); (K.K.P.); (P.L.T.)
| | - Maria Jenckel
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Health and Biosecurity, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia; (N.Y.G.P.); (R.N.H.); (N.H.); (H.M.); (I.L.S.); (T.S.)
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