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Kotetsu Y, Yanagihara T, Suzuki K, Ando H, Eto D, Hata K, Arimura-Omori M, Yamamoto Y, Harada E, Hamada N. Imaging Changes and Immune-Checkpoint Expression on T Cells in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid from Patients with Pulmonary Sarcoidosis. Biomedicines 2021; 9:1231. [PMID: 34572417 PMCID: PMC8471595 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9091231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcoidosis is a systemic, granulomatous disease caused by unknown immunological abnormalities. The organs most vulnerable to sarcoidosis are the lungs. Patients often resolve spontaneously, but the lungs can also be severely affected. Although details regarding prognostic factors in sarcoidosis patients with lung involvement remain unclear, several reports have suggested that immune checkpoint molecules are involved in the pathogenesis of sarcoidosis. In this study, we divided sarcoidosis patients into two groups based on chest computed tomography (CT) findings and compared immune checkpoint molecules expressed on T cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in the two groups, using flow cytometry. We found elevated programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) or T cell immunoglobulin- and mucin-domain-containing molecule-3 (TIM-3) expression on T cells in BALF in patients with spontaneous improvement in CT findings, compared with those in patients without improvement in CT findings. In conclusion, our study implies that PD-1 or TIM-3 expression on T cells in BALF may be a prognostic factor for pulmonary lesions in sarcoidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuaki Kotetsu
- Research Institute for Diseases of the Chest, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (Y.K.); (K.S.); (H.A.); (D.E.); (K.H.); (M.A.-O.); (Y.Y.); (E.H.); (N.H.)
| | - Toyoshi Yanagihara
- Research Institute for Diseases of the Chest, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (Y.K.); (K.S.); (H.A.); (D.E.); (K.H.); (M.A.-O.); (Y.Y.); (E.H.); (N.H.)
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hamanomachi Hospital, Fukuoka 810-8539, Japan
| | - Kunihiro Suzuki
- Research Institute for Diseases of the Chest, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (Y.K.); (K.S.); (H.A.); (D.E.); (K.H.); (M.A.-O.); (Y.Y.); (E.H.); (N.H.)
| | - Hiroyuki Ando
- Research Institute for Diseases of the Chest, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (Y.K.); (K.S.); (H.A.); (D.E.); (K.H.); (M.A.-O.); (Y.Y.); (E.H.); (N.H.)
| | - Daisuke Eto
- Research Institute for Diseases of the Chest, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (Y.K.); (K.S.); (H.A.); (D.E.); (K.H.); (M.A.-O.); (Y.Y.); (E.H.); (N.H.)
| | - Kentaro Hata
- Research Institute for Diseases of the Chest, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (Y.K.); (K.S.); (H.A.); (D.E.); (K.H.); (M.A.-O.); (Y.Y.); (E.H.); (N.H.)
| | - Masako Arimura-Omori
- Research Institute for Diseases of the Chest, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (Y.K.); (K.S.); (H.A.); (D.E.); (K.H.); (M.A.-O.); (Y.Y.); (E.H.); (N.H.)
| | - Yuzo Yamamoto
- Research Institute for Diseases of the Chest, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (Y.K.); (K.S.); (H.A.); (D.E.); (K.H.); (M.A.-O.); (Y.Y.); (E.H.); (N.H.)
| | - Eiji Harada
- Research Institute for Diseases of the Chest, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (Y.K.); (K.S.); (H.A.); (D.E.); (K.H.); (M.A.-O.); (Y.Y.); (E.H.); (N.H.)
| | - Naoki Hamada
- Research Institute for Diseases of the Chest, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (Y.K.); (K.S.); (H.A.); (D.E.); (K.H.); (M.A.-O.); (Y.Y.); (E.H.); (N.H.)
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