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Chen L, Gao T, Zhou P, Xia W, Yao H, Xu S, Xu J. Recent advances of vacuolar protein-sorting 34 inhibitors targeting autophagy. Bioorg Chem 2024; 143:107039. [PMID: 38134519 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.107039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a ubiquitous pathological/physiological antioxidant cellular reaction in eukaryotic cells. Vacuolar protein sorting 34 (Vps34 or PIK3C3), which plays a crucial role in autophagy, has received much attention. As the only Class III phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase in mammals, Vps34 participates in vesicular transport, nutrient signaling and autophagy. Dysfunctionality of Vps34 induces carcinogenesis, and abnormal autophagy mediated by dysfunction of Vps34 is closely related to the pathological progression of various human diseases, which makes Vps34 a novel target for tumor immunotherapy. In this review, we summarize the molecular mechanisms underlying macroautophagy, and further discuss the structure-activity relationship of Vps34 inhibitors that have been reported in the past decade as well as their potential roles in anticancer immunotherapy to better understand the antitumor mechanism underlying the effects of these inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Tian Gao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Pijun Zhou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Wenxuan Xia
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Hong Yao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
| | - Shengtao Xu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China; Shenzhen Research Institute of China Pharmaceutical University, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518052, PR China.
| | - Jinyi Xu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China; Shenzhen Research Institute of China Pharmaceutical University, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518052, PR China.
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2
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Liu JZ, Zhang LM, Zhang DX, Song RX, Lv JM, Wang LY, Jia SY, Shan YD, Shao JJ, Zhang W. NLRP3 in the GABAergic neuron induces cognitive impairments in a mouse model of hemorrhage shock and resuscitation. J Psychiatr Res 2023; 159:213-223. [PMID: 36739849 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Zhen Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Li-Min Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hebei Province Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine Cangzhou No.2 Hospital, Cangzhou, China
| | - Dong-Xue Zhang
- Department of Gerontology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, China
| | - Rong-Xin Song
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Cangzhou, China
| | - Jin-Meng Lv
- Anesthesia and Trauma Research Unit, Hebei Province Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine Cangzhou No.2 Hospital, Cangzhou, China
| | - Lu-Ying Wang
- Anesthesia and Trauma Research Unit, Hebei Province Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine Cangzhou No.2 Hospital, Cangzhou, China
| | - Shi-Yan Jia
- Anesthesia and Trauma Research Unit, Hebei Province Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine Cangzhou No.2 Hospital, Cangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Dong Shan
- Anesthesia and Trauma Research Unit, Hebei Province Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine Cangzhou No.2 Hospital, Cangzhou, China
| | - Jing-Jing Shao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
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3
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Brosolo M, Lecointre M, Laquerrière A, Janin F, Genty D, Lebon A, Lesueur C, Vivien D, Marret S, Marguet F, Gonzalez BJ. In utero alcohol exposure impairs vessel-associated positioning and differentiation of oligodendrocytes in the developing neocortex. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 171:105791. [PMID: 35760273 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) is a major cause of nongenetic mental retardation and can lead to fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS), the most severe manifestation of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD). FASD infants present behavioral disabilities resulting from neurodevelopmental defects. Both grey and white matter lesions have been characterized and are associated with apoptotic death and/or ectopic migration profiles. In the last decade, it was shown that PAE impairs brain angiogenesis, and the radial organization of cortical microvessels is lost. Concurrently, several studies have reported that tangential migration of oligodendrocyte precursors (OPCs) originating from ganglionic eminences is vascular associated. Because numerous migrating oligodendrocytes enter the developing neocortex, the present study aimed to determine whether migrating OPCs interacted with radial cortical microvessels and whether alcohol-induced vascular impairments were associated with altered positioning and differentiation of cortical oligodendrocytes. Using a 3D morphometric analysis, the results revealed that in both human and mouse cortices, 15 to 40% of Olig2-positive cells were in close association with radial cortical microvessels, respectively. Despite perinatal vascular disorganization, PAE did not modify the vessel association of Olig2-positive cells but impaired their positioning between deep and superficial cortical layers. At the molecular level, PAE markedly but transiently reduced the expression of CNPase and MBP, two differentiation markers of immature and mature oligodendrocytes. In particular, PAE inverted their distribution profiles in cortical layers V and VI and reduced the thickness of the myelin sheath of efferent axons. These perinatal oligo-vascular defects were associated with motor disabilities that persisted in adults. Altogether, the present study provides the first evidence that Olig2-positive cells entering the neocortex are associated with radial microvessels. PAE disorganized the cortical microvasculature and delayed the positioning and differentiation of oligodendrocytes. Although most of these oligovascular defects occurred in perinatal life, the offspring developed long-term motor troubles. Altogether, these data suggest that alcohol-induced oligo-vascular impairments contribute to the neurodevelopmental issues described in FASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Brosolo
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1245, Normandy Centre for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, F 76000 Rouen, France
| | - M Lecointre
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1245, Normandy Centre for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, F 76000 Rouen, France
| | - A Laquerrière
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1245, Normandy Centre for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, F 76000 Rouen, France; Department of Pathology, Rouen University Hospital, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - F Janin
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1245, Normandy Centre for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, F 76000 Rouen, France
| | - D Genty
- Department of Pathology, Rouen University Hospital, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - A Lebon
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM US 51, CNRS UAR 2026, HeRacLeS-PRIMACEN, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - C Lesueur
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1245, Normandy Centre for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, F 76000 Rouen, France
| | - D Vivien
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM UMR-S U1237, Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders (PhIND), GIP Cyceron, Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie (BB@C), 14000 Caen, France; Department of Clinical Research, Caen-Normandie University Hospital, CHU, Avenue de la côte de Nacre, Caen, France
| | - S Marret
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1245, Normandy Centre for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, F 76000 Rouen, France; Department of Neonatal Pediatrics and Intensive Care, Rouen University Hospital, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - F Marguet
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1245, Normandy Centre for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, F 76000 Rouen, France; Department of Pathology, Rouen University Hospital, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - B J Gonzalez
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1245, Normandy Centre for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, F 76000 Rouen, France.
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Li Y, Halterman MW. The MAP Kinase Phosphatase MKP-1 Modulates Neurogenesis via Effects on BNIP3 and Autophagy. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11121871. [PMID: 34944516 PMCID: PMC8699509 DOI: 10.3390/biom11121871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Inherited and acquired defects in neurogenesis contribute to neurodevelopmental disorders, dysfunctional neural plasticity, and may underlie pathology in a range of neurodegenerative conditions. Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) regulate the proliferation, survival, and differentiation of neural stem cells. While the balance between MAPKs and the family of MAPK dual-specificity phosphatases (DUSPs) regulates axon branching and synaptic plasticity, the specific role that DUSPs play in neurogenesis remains unexplored. In the current study, we asked whether the canonical DUSP, MAP Kinase Phosphatase-1 (MKP-1), influences neural stem cell differentiation and the extent to which DUSP-dependent autophagy is operational in this context. Under basal conditions, Mkp-1 knockout mice generated fewer doublecortin (DCX) positive neurons within the dentate gyrus (DG) characterized by the accumulation of LC3 puncta. Analyses of wild-type neural stem cell (NSC) differentiation in vitro revealed increased Mkp-1 mRNA expression during the initial 24-h period. Notably, Mkp-1 KO NSC differentiation produced fewer Tuj1-positive neurons and was associated with increased expression of the BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19-kD protein-interacting protein 3 (BNIP3) and levels of autophagy. Conversely, Bnip3 knockdown in differentiated Mkp-1 KO NSCs reduced levels of autophagy and increased neuronal yields. These results indicate that MKP-1 exerts a pro-neurogenic bias during a critical window in NSC differentiation by regulating BNIP3 and basal autophagy levels.
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Kang J, Chen J, Dong Z, Chen G, Liu D. The negative effect of the PI3K inhibitor 3-methyladenine on planarian regeneration via the autophagy signalling pathway. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2021; 30:1941-1948. [PMID: 34403000 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-021-02439-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
As an important PI3K (VPS34) inhibitor, 3-methyladenine (3-MA) can block the formation of autophagic vesicles in animals. Most toxicological studies using 3-MA have shown that 3-MA leads to serious disorders via autophagy suppression in mammals. However, no toxicological research on 3-MA has been performed on individuals undergoing regeneration. The freshwater planarian has powerful regenerative capability, and it can regenerate a new brain in 5 days and undergo complete adult individual remodelling in approximately 14 days. Moreover, it is also an excellent model organism for studies on environmental toxicology due to its high chemical sensitivity and extensive distribution. Here, Dugesia japonica planarians were treated with 3-MA, and the results showed that autophagy was inhibited and Djvps34 expression levels were down-regulated. After exposure to 10 mM 3-MA for 18 h, all the controls showed normal phenotypes, while one-half of the planarians treated with 3-MA showed morphological defects. In most cases, an ulcer appeared in the middle of the body, and a normal phenotype was restored 7 days following 3-MA exposure. During regeneration, disproportionate blastemas with tissue regression were observed. Furthermore, 3-MA treatment suppressed stem cell proliferation in intact and regenerating worms. These findings demonstrate that autophagy is indispensable for tissue homeostasis and regeneration in planarians and that 3-MA treatment is detrimental to planarian regeneration via its effect on the autophagy pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Kang
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
- College of Life Science, Xingxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Jinzi Chen
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Zimei Dong
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China.
| | - Guangwen Chen
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China.
| | - Dezeng Liu
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
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Léger C, Dupré N, Aligny C, Bénard M, Lebon A, Henry V, Hauchecorne M, Galas L, Frebourg T, Leroux P, Vivien D, Lecointre M, Marret S, Gonzalez BJ. Glutamate controls vessel-associated migration of GABA interneurons from the pial migratory route via NMDA receptors and endothelial protease activation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:1959-1986. [PMID: 31392351 PMCID: PMC7229000 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03248-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
During cortex development, fine interactions between pyramidal cells and migrating GABA neurons are required to orchestrate correct positioning of interneurons, but cellular and molecular mechanisms are not yet clearly understood. Functional and age-specific expression of NMDA receptors by neonate endothelial cells suggests a vascular contribution to the trophic role of glutamate during cortical development. Associating functional and loss-of-function approaches, we found that glutamate stimulates activity of the endothelial proteases MMP-9 and t-PA along the pial migratory route (PMR) and radial cortical microvessels. Activation of MMP-9 was NMDAR-dependent and abrogated in t-PA-/- mice. Time-lapse recordings revealed that glutamate stimulated migration of GABA interneurons along vessels through an NMDAR-dependent mechanism. In Gad67-GFP mice, t-PA invalidation and in vivo administration of an MMP inhibitor impaired positioning of GABA interneurons in superficial cortical layers, whereas Grin1 endothelial invalidation resulted in a strong reduction of the thickness of the pial migratory route, a marked decrease of the glutamate-induced MMP-9-like activity along the PMR and a depopulation of interneurons in superficial cortical layers. This study supports that glutamate controls the vessel-associated migration of GABA interneurons by regulating the activity of endothelial proteases. This effect requires endothelial NMDAR and is t-PA-dependent. These neurodevelopmental data reinforce the debate regarding safety of molecules with NMDA-antagonist properties administered to preterm and term neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Léger
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Neonatal Paediatrics and Intensive Care, F 76000, Normandy Centre for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - Nicolas Dupré
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Neonatal Paediatrics and Intensive Care, F 76000, Normandy Centre for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - Caroline Aligny
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Neonatal Paediatrics and Intensive Care, F 76000, Normandy Centre for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - Magalie Bénard
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM, PRIMACEN, Rouen, France
| | - Alexis Lebon
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM, PRIMACEN, Rouen, France
| | - Vincent Henry
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Neonatal Paediatrics and Intensive Care, F 76000, Normandy Centre for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - Michelle Hauchecorne
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Neonatal Paediatrics and Intensive Care, F 76000, Normandy Centre for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - Ludovic Galas
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM, PRIMACEN, Rouen, France
| | - Thierry Frebourg
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Neonatal Paediatrics and Intensive Care, F 76000, Normandy Centre for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - Philippe Leroux
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Neonatal Paediatrics and Intensive Care, F 76000, Normandy Centre for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - Denis Vivien
- Inserm, Université Caen-Normandie, Inserm, UMR-S U1237 "Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders" (PhIND), GIP Cyceron, Caen, France
- Department of Clinical Research, Caen University Hospital, CHU Caen, Caen, France
| | - Maryline Lecointre
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Neonatal Paediatrics and Intensive Care, F 76000, Normandy Centre for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - Stéphane Marret
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Neonatal Paediatrics and Intensive Care, F 76000, Normandy Centre for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - Bruno J Gonzalez
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Neonatal Paediatrics and Intensive Care, F 76000, Normandy Centre for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France.
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Long non-coding RNA HOTTIP affects renal cell carcinoma progression by regulating autophagy via the PI3K/Akt/Atg13 signaling pathway. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2018; 145:573-588. [DOI: 10.1007/s00432-018-2808-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Tong ZB, Hogberg H, Kuo D, Sakamuru S, Xia M, Smirnova L, Hartung T, Gerhold D. Characterization of three human cell line models for high-throughput neuronal cytotoxicity screening. J Appl Toxicol 2016; 37:167-180. [PMID: 27143523 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
More than 75 000 man-made chemicals contaminate the environment; many of these have not been tested for toxicities. These chemicals demand quantitative high-throughput screening assays to assess them for causative roles in neurotoxicities, including Parkinson's disease and other neurodegenerative disorders. To facilitate high throughput screening for cytotoxicity to neurons, three human neuronal cellular models were compared: SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells, LUHMES conditionally-immortalized dopaminergic neurons, and Neural Stem Cells (NSC) derived from human fetal brain. These three cell lines were evaluated for rapidity and degree of differentiation, and sensitivity to 32 known or candidate neurotoxicants. First, expression of neural differentiation genes was assayed during a 7-day differentiation period. Of the three cell lines, LUHMES showed the highest gene expression of neuronal markers after differentiation. Both in the undifferentiated state and after 7 days of neuronal differentiation, LUHMES cells exhibited greater cytotoxic sensitivity to most of 32 suspected or known neurotoxicants than SH-SY5Y or NSCs. LUHMES cells were also unique in being more susceptible to several compounds in the differentiating state than in the undifferentiated state; including known neurotoxicants colchicine, methyl-mercury (II), and vincristine. Gene expression results suggest that differentiating LUHMES cells may be susceptible to apoptosis because they express low levels of anti-apoptotic genes BCL2 and BIRC5/survivin, whereas SH-SY5Y cells may be resistant to apoptosis because they express high levels of BCL2, BIRC5/survivin, and BIRC3 genes. Thus, LUHMES cells exhibited favorable characteristics for neuro-cytotoxicity screening: rapid differentiation into neurons that exhibit high level expression neuronal marker genes, and marked sensitivity of LUHMES cells to known neurotoxicants. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Bin Tong
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Helena Hogberg
- Centers for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT) at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David Kuo
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Srilatha Sakamuru
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Menghang Xia
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Lena Smirnova
- Centers for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT) at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Thomas Hartung
- Centers for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT) at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, USA.,University of Konstanz, POB 600, Konstanz, Germany
| | - David Gerhold
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
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Roux C, Aligny C, Lesueur C, Girault V, Brunel V, Ramdani Y, Genty D, Driouich A, Laquerrière A, Marret S, Brasse-Lagnel C, Gonzalez BJ, Bekri S. NMDA receptor blockade in the developing cortex induces autophagy-mediated death of immature cortical GABAergic interneurons: An ex vivo and in vivo study in Gad67-GFP mice. Exp Neurol 2015; 267:177-93. [PMID: 25795167 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2015.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Revised: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
In neonates, excitotoxicity is a major process involved in hypoxic-ischemic brain lesions, and several research groups have suggested the use of NMDA antagonists for neuroprotection. However, despite their clinical interest, there is more and more evidence suggesting that, in the immature brain, these molecules exert deleterious actions on migrating GABAergic interneurons by suppressing glutamatergic trophic inputs. Consequently, preventing the side effects of NMDA antagonists would be therapeutically useful. Because macroautophagy is involved in the adaptive response to trophic deprivation, the aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of autophagy modulators on the MK801-induced death of immature GABAergic interneurons and to characterize the crosstalk between autophagic and apoptotic mechanisms in this cell type. Ex vivo, using cortical slices from NMRI and Gad67-GFP mice, we show that blockade of the NMDA receptor results in an accumulation of autophagosomes due to the disruption of the autophagic flux. This effect precedes the activation of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, and the degeneration of immature GABAergic neurons present in developing cortical layers II-IV and is prevented by 3-MA, an autophagy inhibitor. In contrast, modulators of autophagy (3-MA, rapamycin) do not interfere with the anti-excitotoxic and neuroprotective effect of MK801 observed in deep layers V and VI. In vivo, 3-MA blocks the rapid increase in caspase-3 cleavage induced by the blockade of NMDA receptors and prevents the resulting long-term decrease in Gad67-GFP neurons in layers II-IV. Together, these data suggest that, in the developing cortex, the suppression of glutamatergic inputs through NMDA receptor inhibition results in the impairment of the autophagic flux and the subsequent switch to apoptotic death of immature GABAergic interneurons. The concomitant inhibition of autophagy prevents this pro-apoptotic action of the NMDA blocker and favors the long-term rescue of GABAergic interneurons without interfering with its neuroprotective actions. The use of autophagy modulators in the developing brain would create new opportunities to prevent the side effects of NMDA antagonists used for neuroprotection or anesthesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Roux
- Region-Inserm Team NeoVasc ERI28, Laboratory of Microvascular Endothelium and Neonate Brain Lesions, Institute of Research for Innovation in Biomedicine, Normandy University, Rouen, France
| | - Caroline Aligny
- Region-Inserm Team NeoVasc ERI28, Laboratory of Microvascular Endothelium and Neonate Brain Lesions, Institute of Research for Innovation in Biomedicine, Normandy University, Rouen, France
| | - Céline Lesueur
- Region-Inserm Team NeoVasc ERI28, Laboratory of Microvascular Endothelium and Neonate Brain Lesions, Institute of Research for Innovation in Biomedicine, Normandy University, Rouen, France; Department of Medical Biochemistry, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Virginie Girault
- Region-Inserm Team NeoVasc ERI28, Laboratory of Microvascular Endothelium and Neonate Brain Lesions, Institute of Research for Innovation in Biomedicine, Normandy University, Rouen, France
| | - Valery Brunel
- Region-Inserm Team NeoVasc ERI28, Laboratory of Microvascular Endothelium and Neonate Brain Lesions, Institute of Research for Innovation in Biomedicine, Normandy University, Rouen, France; Department of Medical Biochemistry, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Yasmina Ramdani
- Region-Inserm Team NeoVasc ERI28, Laboratory of Microvascular Endothelium and Neonate Brain Lesions, Institute of Research for Innovation in Biomedicine, Normandy University, Rouen, France
| | - Damien Genty
- Department of Pathology, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Azeddine Driouich
- Research Platform of Cell Imagery (PRIMACEN), France; Laboratory of Glycobiology and Plant Extracellular Matrix (GLYCOMEV) EA 4358, France
| | - Annie Laquerrière
- Region-Inserm Team NeoVasc ERI28, Laboratory of Microvascular Endothelium and Neonate Brain Lesions, Institute of Research for Innovation in Biomedicine, Normandy University, Rouen, France; Department of Pathology, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Stéphane Marret
- Region-Inserm Team NeoVasc ERI28, Laboratory of Microvascular Endothelium and Neonate Brain Lesions, Institute of Research for Innovation in Biomedicine, Normandy University, Rouen, France; Department of Neonatal Paediatrics and Intensive Care, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Carole Brasse-Lagnel
- Region-Inserm Team NeoVasc ERI28, Laboratory of Microvascular Endothelium and Neonate Brain Lesions, Institute of Research for Innovation in Biomedicine, Normandy University, Rouen, France; Department of Medical Biochemistry, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Bruno J Gonzalez
- Region-Inserm Team NeoVasc ERI28, Laboratory of Microvascular Endothelium and Neonate Brain Lesions, Institute of Research for Innovation in Biomedicine, Normandy University, Rouen, France.
| | - Soumeya Bekri
- Region-Inserm Team NeoVasc ERI28, Laboratory of Microvascular Endothelium and Neonate Brain Lesions, Institute of Research for Innovation in Biomedicine, Normandy University, Rouen, France; Department of Medical Biochemistry, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
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