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MEENA DEEPAKCHAND, GARAI SANCHITA, MAITI SANJIT, BHAKAT MUKESH, MEENA BS, KADIAN KS. Ethno-veterinary practices for camel diseases: A participatory assessment by the Raika pastoralist of Rajasthan. THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2023. [DOI: 10.56093/ijans.v93i1.116348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The camel is practically symbolic for western arid region of Rajasthan. This animal has the immense contribution to livelihood of the Raika pastoral community who has a long relationship with this animal. Raikas followed their own traditional practices in all aspects of camel rearing including healthcare practices since time immemorial. Therefore, the present study was designed to document and appraise ethno-veterinary practices followed by the Raika pastoral community to cure important camel diseases like trypanosomiasis, camel pox and mange. A total 120 Raika pastoralists were interviewed from the six villages of Pali and Jodhpur district of Rajasthan on an open ended interview schedule to document the ethno-veterinary practices. Quantification of Indigenous Knowledge (QuIK) was applied for participatory assessment of the identified ethno-veterinary practices. The Raikas were using total 10 ethno-veterinary practices to cure the three diseases. Use of fruit of Withania coagulans (stock) Dunal was found to be most effective among the four identified practices to control camel trypanosomiasis (surra). Accordingly, use of neem leaves and; mixture of turmeric, butter and mustard oil were perceived as highly effective to cure camel pox and mange, respectively.
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Anticancer therapeutic potential of 5-fluorouracil and nisin co-loaded chitosan coated silver nanoparticles against murine skin cancer. Int J Pharm 2022; 620:121744. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Chugh N, Koul A. Altered presence of extra cellular matrix components in murine skin cancer: Modulation by Azadirachta indica leaf extract. J Tradit Complement Med 2021; 11:197-208. [PMID: 34012866 PMCID: PMC8116721 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2020.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Although, the anticancer potential of Aqueous Azadirachta indica leaf extract (AAILE) has been robustly established against cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in mice, however, its ability in modulating tumor associated extra cellular matrix (ECM) is largely unknown. Therefore, the present study was conceived to explore changes in ECM during murine skin cancer and its chemoprevention by AAILE. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE Skin tumors were induced using a two-stage model of carcinogenesis employing topical application of 7,12-Dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) and 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) as carcinogen and promoter respectively. AAILE was administered orally to the animals. Male Laca mice were divided into four groups: control, AAILE, DMBA/TPA and AAILE + DMBA/TPA. RESULTS The tumors obtained in DMBA/TPA and AAILE + DMBA/TPA groups were histologically identified as SCC. Tumor induction in these groups was accompanied by raised serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels when compared to control counterparts. Assessment of hydroxyproline levels and histochemical staining with sirius red and trichrome stain revealed an increase in collagen in tumors of DMBA/TPA group. An increase in glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) levels was also observed in DMBA/TPA group as made evident by biochemical studies and histochemical staining using mucicarmine and alcian blue-periodic acid schiff's stain. Administration of AAILE to DMBA/TPA treated animals caused a decrease in collagen and GAG levels along with a decrease in serum CEA levels. CONCLUSION Skin tumors exhibited altered presence of ECM components which is indicative of a modified ECM. AAILE administration antagonised tumor associated ECM alterations which may be contributing to its chemopreventive activity as reported previously.
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Affiliation(s)
- N.A. Chugh
- Department of Biophysics, Basic Medical Sciences Block, Panjab University, South Campus, Sector 25, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - A. Koul
- Department of Biophysics, Basic Medical Sciences Block, Panjab University, South Campus, Sector 25, Chandigarh, 160014, India
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Augmented therapeutic efficacy of 5-fluorouracil in conjunction with lantibiotic nisin against skin cancer. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 520:551-559. [PMID: 31615654 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.10.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Chemotherapy, a gold standard for treating most of the cancers, involves drastic side-effects and multidrug resistance. An attractive alternative is development of combination therapy employing antimicrobial peptides with chemotherapeutic drugs. In vivo studies: Anti-cancer therapeutic efficacy of 5-fluororuacil (5-FU) in conjunction with nisin (50 mg/kg body weight) was evaluated against murine skin cancer, in terms of tumor biostatistics, histopathology, electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy and transcriptional studies. In vitro studies: Dose and time dependent cytotoxicity of agents were assessed against A431 cell line using MTT assay, LDH assay and acridine orange/ethidium bromide dual staining. Significant percentage decrease(s) in mean tumor volume and tumor burden were observed in nisin+ 5-FU combination treated groups as compared to alone treated groups. Histoarchitecture of treated skins demonstrated restoration towards normal skin tissue (being highest in the combination group). Modulation of apoptotic, angiogenic and proliferative genes were observed in treated groups. IC50 of combination was found to be 2 μg/ml as compared to nisin alone (32μg/ml) and 5-FU alone (16μg/ml) with combination index of 0.188. Dual staining showed that rate of induction of apoptosis was higher in the combination group as compared to single agents. Nisin and 5-FU in combination were found to be synergistic both in vivo and in vitro.
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Narasanagi S, Kuppur MSM, Shreevathsa M, Channarayapatna SKR, Kukkundur KR, Geetha N. In vitro study on anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of Varnya Mahakashaya Dashemani (aqueous extract): A polyherbal formulation. Ayu 2019; 39:81-86. [PMID: 30783362 PMCID: PMC6369607 DOI: 10.4103/ayu.ayu_225_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Plants used in Varnya Mahakashaya Dashemani (VMD) formulation were investigated individually by many scientists. Most of them have exhibited antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities when they have been extracted with the different solvents. Here, an attempt has been made to analyze these activities in aqueous extract of the whole formulation. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential of polyherbal formulation VMD. Material and Methods: Phytochemical constituents of VMD extract were analyzed using standardized protocols and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis for functional groups. The amount of total phenolics and flavonoids was determined using the Folin–Ciocalteau and aluminum chloride method, respectively. The in vitro antioxidant properties of VMD aqueous extract was screened by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. Anti-inflammatory potency was evaluated with inhibition of 15-lipoxygenase (15-LOX). Results: Phytochemical analysis indicated the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponin and phenols. The total phenolic content of VMD extract was 50 μg/ml of gallic acid equivalent and the total flavonoids content was 90 μg/ml Quercetin equivalent. It showed higher free radicals quenching capacity with an IC50 value of 34.20 ± 3.03 μg/ml for DPPH and ferric reducing ability by FRAP with an equivalent value of 560 μM (Fe++)/g extract. Significant inhibition of 15-LOX enzyme was prominent with increasing concentration of the sample with an IC50 of 33.62 ± 5.8 μg/ml. Conclusion: VMD has high antioxidant, anti-inflammatory potential and further studies can lead to identification and isolation of more potent therapeutic bioactive compounds from this extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sapna Narasanagi
- Department of PG Studies in Ayurveda Siddhanta, Government Ayurveda Medical College, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | | | - M Shreevathsa
- Department of PG Studies in Ayurveda Siddhanta, Government Ayurveda Medical College, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | | | | | - N Geetha
- Department of Studies in Biotechnology, Manasagangotri, University of Mysore, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
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Chugh NA, Bansal MP, Koul A. The effect of Azadirachta indica Leaf Extract on Early Stages of Chemically Induced Skin Cancer in Mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/10496475.2018.1463932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ashwani Koul
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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Koul A, Kaur N, Chugh NA. Folic Acid Modulates DMBA/TPA-Induced Changes in Skin of Mice: A Study Relevant to Carcinogenesis. J Diet Suppl 2017; 15:72-87. [PMID: 28514181 DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2017.1322659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The present study was aimed at investigating the modulatory effects of folic acid (FA) on early stages of chemically induced skin cancer. For this, a two-stage model of skin tumorigenesis was employed. 7,12-Dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA, 500 nmol/100 ul of acetone) was applied topically for two weeks (twice weekly), followed by phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (TPA, 1.7 nmol/100 ul) twice weekly for six weeks on the depilated skin of mice, and FA was administered orally at a dose of 40 microgram/animal for 10 weeks daily. Balb/c mice were divided into four groups depending upon the treatment they received (control, DMBA/TPA, FA, and FA+DMBA/TPA). DMBA/TPA treatment led to the formation of papillomas in DMBA/TPA and FA+DMBA/TPA groups. Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), epidermal thickness, and cell count were evaluated to assess the beneficial effects in the early stages. FA exhibited its ameliorative potential as indicated by decreased epidermal thickness and cell count in FA+DMBA/TPA group when compared to DMBA/TPA group. Concomitantly, FA decreased the expression of ODC and PCNA in skin and activity of serum lactate dehydrogenase, suggesting inhibitory effects on cell proliferation and cell damage. Differential modulation in lipid peroxidation and reduced glutathione was observed in response to DMBA/TPA treatment and its intervention with FA. Although these findings suggest the inhibitory potential of FA during initial stages of murine skin cancer, detailed studies are warranted considering the ambiguous reports available in literature regarding the association of FA and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwani Koul
- a Department of Biophysics , Panjab University , Chandigarh , India
| | - Navneet Kaur
- a Department of Biophysics , Panjab University , Chandigarh , India
| | - Neha Arora Chugh
- a Department of Biophysics , Panjab University , Chandigarh , India
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Liu Z, Zhu P, Tao Y, Shen C, Wang S, Zhao L, Wu H, Fan F, Lin C, Chen C, Zhu Z, Wei Z, Sun L, Liu Y, Wang A, Lu Y. Cancer-promoting effect of capsaicin on DMBA/TPA-induced skin tumorigenesis by modulating inflammation, Erk and p38 in mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2015; 81:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2015.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2014] [Revised: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Tabassum N, Hamdani M. Plants used to treat skin diseases. Pharmacogn Rev 2014; 8:52-60. [PMID: 24600196 PMCID: PMC3931201 DOI: 10.4103/0973-7847.125531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Revised: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin diseases are numerous and a frequently occurring health problem affecting all ages from the neonates to the elderly and cause harm in number of ways. Maintaining healthy skin is important for a healthy body. Many people may develop skin diseases that affect the skin, including cancer, herpes and cellulitis. Some wild plants and their parts are frequently used to treat these diseases. The use of plants is as old as the mankind. Natural treatment is cheap and claimed to be safe. It is also suitable raw material for production of new synthetic agents. A review of some plants for the treatment of skin diseases is provided that summarizes the recent technical advancements that have taken place in this area during the past 17 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahida Tabassum
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacology Division, University of Kashmir, Hazaratbal, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Mariya Hamdani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacology Division, University of Kashmir, Hazaratbal, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
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Baicalein inhibits DMBA/TPA-induced skin tumorigenesis in mice by modulating proliferation, apoptosis, and inflammation. Inflammation 2013; 36:457-67. [PMID: 23108957 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-012-9566-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Baicalein, one of the four major flavanoids extracted from the root of Scutellaria baicalensis, has been shown to exert chemopreventive effect against several cancers, including skin cancer. However, the precise mechanisms remain to be elucidated. In the present study, we investigated the chemopreventive activity of baicalein against 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)/12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-mediated skin tumorigenesis in C57BL/6 mice. We found that topical treatment with baicalein resulted in a significant inhibitory effect on DMBA/TPA-mediated tumor promotion. Furthermore, we observed that baicalein suppressed cell proliferation and promoted apoptosis in DMBA/TPA-mediated group. Additionally, pretreatment with baicalein inhibited the production of inflammatory cells in DMBA/TPA-induced skin/tumors. Further experiments showed that baicalein reduced TPA-induced skin hyperplasia as well as infiltration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the dermis. In conclusion, our data suggest that baicalein inhibits DMBA/TPA-induced skin tumorigenesis by suppressing proliferation and inflammation and promoting apoptosis.
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Sofowora A, Ogunbodede E, Onayade A. The role and place of medicinal plants in the strategies for disease prevention. AFRICAN JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL, COMPLEMENTARY, AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINES : AJTCAM 2013; 10:210-29. [PMID: 24311829 PMCID: PMC3847409 DOI: 10.4314/ajtcam.v10i5.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Medicinal plants have been used in healthcare since time immemorial. Studies have been carried out globally to verify their efficacy and some of the findings have led to the production of plant-based medicines. The global market value of medicinal plant products exceeds $100 billion per annum. This paper discusses the role, contributions and usefulness of medicinal plants in tackling the diseases of public health importance, with particular emphasis on the current strategic approaches to disease prevention. A comparison is drawn between the 'whole population' and 'high-risk' strategies. The usefulness of the common-factor approach as a method of engaging other health promoters in propagating the ideals of medicinal plants is highlighted. The place of medicinal plants in preventing common diseases is further examined under the five core principles of the Primary Health Care (PHC) approach. Medicinal plants play vital roles in disease prevention and their promotion and use fit into all existing prevention strategies. However, conscious efforts need to be made to properly identify, recognise and position medicinal plants in the design and implementation of these strategies. These approaches present interesting and emerging perspectives in the field of medicinal plants. Recommendations are proposed for strategising the future role and place for medicinal plants in disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abayomi Sofowora
- C/O Department of Pharmacognosy, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
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Arora N, Bansal MP, Koul A. Azadirachta indica acts as a pro-oxidant and modulates cell cycle associated proteins during DMBA/TPA induced skin carcinogenesis in mice. Cell Biochem Funct 2012; 31:385-94. [PMID: 23055378 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.2909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2012] [Revised: 07/16/2012] [Accepted: 09/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The present study was designed to determine the modulatory effect of aqueous Azadirachta indica leaf extract (AAILE) on cell cycle-associated proteins during two-stage skin carcinogenesis in mice. Considering the dual role of reactive oxygen species in cancer and its chemoprevention, the levels of lipid peroxidation (index of peroxidative damage) were also determined. Skin tumours were induced by topical application of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) as a carcinogen followed by the repetitive application of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) as a promoter. Skin tumours obtained in the DMBA/TPA group exhibited enhanced expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA, index of proliferation), p21 and cyclin D1, with no alterations in p53 expression in comparison to the control group. Tumours in AAILE + DMBA/TPA group exhibited low PCNA and cyclin D1 expression and enhanced expression of p53 and p21 in comparison to the DMBA/TPA group. The skin tumours obtained in the AAILE + DMBA/TPA group exhibited high lipid peroxidation levels in comparison to the tumours obtained in the DMBA/TPA group. The observations of the present study suggest that AAILE behaves as a pro-oxidant in the tumours, thereby rendering them susceptible to damage, which eventually culminates into its anti-neoplastic action. Also, cell cycle regulatory proteins may be modulated by AAILE and could affect the progression of cells through the cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Arora
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
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Antioxidative effects of the spice cardamom against non-melanoma skin cancer by modulating nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 and NF-κB signalling pathways. Br J Nutr 2011; 108:984-97. [PMID: 22182368 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114511006283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The role of dietary factors in inhibiting or delaying the development of non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) has been investigated for many years. Cardamom, which is a dietary phytoproduct, has been commonly used in cuisines for flavour and has numerous health benefits, such as improving digestion and stimulating metabolism and having antitumorigenic effects. We have investigated the efficacy of dietary cardamom against 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced skin papillomatogenesis in Swiss albino mice that closely resembles human NMSC. Mice were grouped into normal wild type (untreated), vehicle-treated (acetone), carcinogen-treated (DMBA), and DMBA and cardamom-treated (DMBA+CARD) to delineate the role of cardamom against DMBA-induced papillomatogenesis. Oral administration of cardamom to DMBA-treated mice up-regulated the phase II detoxification enzymes, such as glutathione-S-transferase and glutathione peroxidase, probably via activation of nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 transcription factor in 'DMBA+CARD' mice. Furthermore, reduced glutathione, glutathione reductase, superoxide dismutase and catalase were also up-regulated by cardamom in the same 'DMBA+CARD' group of mice compared with DMBA-treated mice. Cardamom ingestion in DMBA-treated mice blocked NF-κB activation and down-regulated cyclo-oxygenase-2 expression. As a consequence, both the size and the number of skin papillomas generated on the skin due to the DMBA treatment were reduced in the 'DMBA+CARD' group. Thus, the results from the present study suggest that cardamom has a potential to become a pivotal chemopreventive agent to prevent papillomagenesis on the skin.
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Bharati S, Rishi P, Koul A. Azadirachta indica exhibits chemopreventive action against hepatic cancer: Studies on associated histopathological and ultrastructural changes. Microsc Res Tech 2011; 75:586-95. [PMID: 21998015 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.21095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2011] [Accepted: 08/23/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The present study was designed to evaluate the anticarcinogenic potential of Azadirachta indica against N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA)-induced hepatocarcinogenesis. Further, the associated histopathological and ultrastructural changes were also analyzed. Hepatic cancer model was developed by the intraperitoneal administration of NDEA to mice at weekly intervals, in successive increasing doses, for a period of 8 weeks. Aqueous A. indica leaf extract (AAILE) was administered orally at a dosage of 100 μg/g body weight thrice a week till termination of the study. A relationship between histopathological grading and chemopreventive effect of A. indica had been established at various stages of carcinogenesis. Anticancer activity of A. indica was evaluated in terms of tumor incidence, tumor multiplicity, and survival rate. A significant reduction in tumor incidence (33%), tumor multiplicity (42%), and increase in survival (34%) was observed upon administration of AAILE to NDEA-abused mice. Transmission and scanning electron microscopic investigations showed severe alterations in organelle organization, cellular arrangement, degree of differentiation, cellular metabolism, and morphology of the hepatocytes. These changes appeared to be distinctly delayed upon AAILE supplementation. The results suggest A. indica may have anticancer potential against NDEA-induced hepatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Bharati
- Department of Biophysics, Basic Medical Sciences Block, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
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