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Xie L, Chen H, Zhang L, Ma Y, Zhou Y, Yang YY, Liu C, Wang YL, Yan YJ, Ding J, Teng X, Yang Q, Liu XP, Wu J. JCAD deficiency attenuates activation of hepatic stellate cells and cholestatic fibrosis. Clin Mol Hepatol 2024; 30:206-224. [PMID: 38190829 PMCID: PMC11016487 DOI: 10.3350/cmh.2023.0506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Cholestatic liver diseases including primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) are associated with active hepatic fibrogenesis, which ultimately progresses to cirrhosis. Activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are the main fibrogenic effectors in response to cholangiocyte damage. JCAD regulates cell proliferation and malignant transformation in nonalcoholic steatoheaptitis-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (NASH-HCC). However, its participation in cholestatic fibrosis has not been explored yet. METHODS Serial sections of liver tissue of PBC patients were stained with immunofluorescence. Hepatic fibrosis was induced by bile duct ligation (BDL) in wild-type (WT), global JCAD knockout mice (JCAD-KO) and HSC-specific JCAD knockout mice (HSC-JCAD-KO), and evaluated by histopathology and biochemical tests. In situ-activated HSCs isolated from BDL mice were used to determine effects of JCAD on HSC activation. RESULTS In consistence with staining of liver sections from PBC patients, immunofluorescent staining revealed that JCAD expression was identified in smooth muscle α-actin (α-SMA)-positive fibroblast-like cells and was significantly up-regulated in WT mice with BDL. JCAD deficiency remarkably ameliorated BDL-induced hepatic injury and fibrosis, as documented by liver hydroxyproline content, when compared to WT mice with BDL. Histopathologically, collagen deposition was dramatically reduced in both JCAD-KO and HSC-JCAD-KO mice compared to WT mice, as visualized by Trichrome staining and semi-quantitative scores. Moreover, JCAD deprivation significantly attenuated in situ HSC activation and reduced expression of fibrotic genes after BDL. CONCLUSION JCAD deficiency effectively suppressed hepatic fibrosis induced by BDL in mice, and the underlying mechanisms are largely through suppressed Hippo-YAP signaling activity in HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xie
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Parasitology, MOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Parasitology, MOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Parasitology, MOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Ma
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Parasitology, MOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Parasitology, MOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong-Yu Yang
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Parasitology, MOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Parasitology, MOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Li Wang
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Parasitology, MOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya-Jun Yan
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Fifth People’s Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jing’an District Central Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Teng
- HistoIndex Pte Ltd, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qiang Yang
- Hangzhou Choutu Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiu-Ping Liu
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Fifth People’s Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Parasitology, MOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Liver Diseases, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
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Sabharwal A, Wishman MD, Cervera RL, Serres MR, Anderson JL, Holmberg SR, Kar B, Treichel AJ, Ichino N, Liu W, Yang J, Ding Y, Deng Y, Lacey JM, Laxen WJ, Loken PR, Oglesbee D, Farber SA, Clark KJ, Xu X, Ekker SC. Genetic therapy in a mitochondrial disease model suggests a critical role for liver dysfunction in mortality. eLife 2022; 11:e65488. [PMID: 36408801 PMCID: PMC9859037 DOI: 10.7554/elife.65488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical and largely unpredictable heterogeneity of phenotypes in patients with mitochondrial disorders demonstrates the ongoing challenges in the understanding of this semi-autonomous organelle in biology and disease. Previously, we used the gene-breaking transposon to create 1200 transgenic zebrafish strains tagging protein-coding genes (Ichino et al., 2020), including the lrpprc locus. Here, we present and characterize a new genetic revertible animal model that recapitulates components of Leigh Syndrome French Canadian Type (LSFC), a mitochondrial disorder that includes diagnostic liver dysfunction. LSFC is caused by allelic variations in the LRPPRC gene, involved in mitochondrial mRNA polyadenylation and translation. lrpprc zebrafish homozygous mutants displayed biochemical and mitochondrial phenotypes similar to clinical manifestations observed in patients, including dysfunction in lipid homeostasis. We were able to rescue these phenotypes in the disease model using a liver-specific genetic model therapy, functionally demonstrating a previously under-recognized critical role for the liver in the pathophysiology of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Sabharwal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of MedicineRochesterUnited States
| | - Mark D Wishman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of MedicineRochesterUnited States
| | - Roberto Lopez Cervera
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of MedicineRochesterUnited States
| | - MaKayla R Serres
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of MedicineRochesterUnited States
| | - Jennifer L Anderson
- Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for ScienceBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Shannon R Holmberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of MedicineRochesterUnited States
| | - Bibekananda Kar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of MedicineRochesterUnited States
| | - Anthony J Treichel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of MedicineRochesterUnited States
| | - Noriko Ichino
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of MedicineRochesterUnited States
| | - Weibin Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of MedicineRochesterUnited States
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of MedicineRochesterUnited States
| | - Jingchun Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of MedicineRochesterUnited States
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of MedicineRochesterUnited States
| | - Yonghe Ding
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of MedicineRochesterUnited States
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of MedicineRochesterUnited States
| | - Yun Deng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of MedicineRochesterUnited States
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of MedicineRochesterUnited States
| | - Jean M Lacey
- Biochemical Genetics Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic College of MedicineRochesterUnited States
| | - William J Laxen
- Biochemical Genetics Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic College of MedicineRochesterUnited States
| | - Perry R Loken
- Biochemical Genetics Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic College of MedicineRochesterUnited States
| | - Devin Oglesbee
- Biochemical Genetics Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic College of MedicineRochesterUnited States
| | - Steven A Farber
- Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for ScienceBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Karl J Clark
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of MedicineRochesterUnited States
| | - Xiaolei Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of MedicineRochesterUnited States
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of MedicineRochesterUnited States
| | - Stephen C Ekker
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of MedicineRochesterUnited States
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Gao C, Peng J. All routes lead to Rome: multifaceted origin of hepatocytes during liver regeneration. CELL REGENERATION 2021; 10:2. [PMID: 33403526 PMCID: PMC7785766 DOI: 10.1186/s13619-020-00063-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Liver is the largest internal organ that serves as the key site for various metabolic activities and maintenance of homeostasis. Liver diseases are great threats to human health. The capability of liver to regain its mass after partial hepatectomy has widely been applied in treating liver diseases either by removing the damaged part of a diseased liver in a patient or transplanting a part of healthy liver into a patient. Vast efforts have been made to study the biology of liver regeneration in different liver-damage models. Regarding the sources of hepatocytes during liver regeneration, convincing evidences have demonstrated that different liver-damage models mobilized different subtype hepatocytes in contributing to liver regeneration. Under extreme hepatocyte ablation, biliary epithelial cells can undergo dedifferentiation to liver progenitor cells (LPCs) and then LPCs differentiate to produce hepatocytes. Here we will focus on summarizing the progresses made in identifying cell types contributing to producing new hepatocytes during liver regeneration in mice and zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ce Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory for Molecular Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jinrong Peng
- MOE Key Laboratory for Molecular Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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Shwartz A, Goessling W, Yin C. Macrophages in Zebrafish Models of Liver Diseases. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2840. [PMID: 31867007 PMCID: PMC6904306 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic macrophages are key components of the liver immunity and consist of two main populations. Liver resident macrophages, known as Kupffer cells in mammals, are crucial for maintaining normal liver homeostasis. Upon injury, they become activated to release proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines and recruit a large population of inflammatory monocyte-derived macrophages to the liver. During the progression of liver diseases, macrophages are highly plastic and have opposing functions depending on the signaling cues that they receive from the microenvironment. A comprehensive understanding of liver macrophages is essential for developing therapeutic interventions that target these cells in acute and chronic liver diseases. Mouse studies have provided the bulk of our current knowledge of liver macrophages. The emergence of various liver disease models and availability of transgenic tools to visualize and manipulate macrophages have made the teleost zebrafish (Danio rerio) an attractive new vertebrate model to study liver macrophages. In this review, we summarize the origin and behaviors of macrophages in healthy and injured livers in zebrafish. We highlight the roles of macrophages in zebrafish models of alcoholic and non-alcoholic liver diseases, hepatocellular carcinoma, and liver regeneration, and how they compare with the roles that have been described in mammals. We also discuss the advantages and challenges of using zebrafish to study liver macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arkadi Shwartz
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Wolfram Goessling
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Broad Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, MA, United States
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Chunyue Yin
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition and Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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5
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Han HI, Skvarca LB, Espiritu EB, Davidson AJ, Hukriede NA. The role of macrophages during acute kidney injury: destruction and repair. Pediatr Nephrol 2019; 34:561-569. [PMID: 29383444 PMCID: PMC6066473 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-017-3883-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is defined by a rapid decline in renal function. Regardless of the initial cause of injury, the influx of immune cells is a common theme during AKI. While an inflammatory response is critical for the initial control of injury, a prolonged response can negatively affect tissue repair. In this review, we focus on the role of macrophages, from early inflammation to resolution, during AKI. These cells serve as the innate defense system by phagocytosing cellular debris and pathogenic molecules and bridge communication with the adaptive immune system by acting as antigen-presenting cells and secreting cytokines. While many immune cells function to initiate inflammation, macrophages play a complex role throughout AKI. This complexity is driven by their functional plasticity: the ability to polarize from a "pro-inflammatory" phenotype to a "pro-reparative" phenotype. Importantly, experimental and translational studies indicate that macrophage polarization opens the possibility to generate novel therapeutics to promote repair during AKI. A thorough understanding of the biological roles these phagocytes play during both injury and repair is necessary to understand the limitations while furthering the therapeutic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwa I. Han
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Lauren B. Skvarca
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Eugenel B. Espiritu
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Alan J. Davidson
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Neil A. Hukriede
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America,Center for Critical Care Nephrology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America,Correspondence: Dr. Neil A. Hukriede, Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3501 5th Ave., 5061 BST3, Pittsburgh, PA 15213. Phone: 412-648-9918;
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6
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Jiang A, Okabe H, Popovic B, Preziosi ME, Pradhan-Sundd T, Poddar M, Singh S, Bell A, England SG, Nagarajan S, Monga SP. Loss of Wnt Secretion by Macrophages Promotes Hepatobiliary Injury after Administration of 3,5-Diethoxycarbonyl-1, 4-Dihydrocollidine Diet. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2019; 189:590-603. [PMID: 30610845 PMCID: PMC6436111 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2018.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Revised: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Exposure of mice to a diet containing 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1, 4-dihydrocollidine (DDC) induces porphyrin accumulation, cholestasis, immune response, and hepatobiliary damage mimicking hepatic porphyria and sclerosing cholangitis. Although β-catenin signaling promotes hepatocyte proliferation, and macrophages are a source of Wnts, the role of macrophage-derived Wnts in modulating hepatobiliary injury/repair remains unresolved. We investigated the effect of macrophage-specific deletion of Wntless, a cargo protein critical for cellular Wnt secretion, by feeding macrophage-Wntless-knockout (Mac-KO) and wild-type littermates a DDC diet for 14 days. DDC exposure induced Wnt11 up-regulation in macrophages. Mac-KO mice on DDC showed increased serum alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, direct bilirubin, and histologic evidence of more cell death, inflammation, and ductular reaction. There was impaired hepatocyte proliferation evidenced by Ki-67 immunostaining, which was associated with decreased hepatocyte β-catenin activation and cyclin-D1 in Mac-KO. Mac-KO also showed increased CD45, F4/80, and neutrophil infiltration after DDC diet, along with increased expression of several proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Gene expression analyses of bone marrow-derived macrophages from Mac-KO mice and F4/80+ macrophages isolated from DDC-fed Mac-KO livers showed proinflammatory M1 polarization. In conclusion, this study shows that a lack of macrophage Wnt secretion leads to more DDC-induced hepatic injury due to impaired hepatocyte proliferation and increased M1 macrophages, which promotes immune-mediated cell injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Jiang
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnostics and Biotherapy, Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China; Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Hirohisa Okabe
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Chuo-Ku Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Branimir Popovic
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Morgan E Preziosi
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Tirthadipa Pradhan-Sundd
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Minakshi Poddar
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Sucha Singh
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Aaron Bell
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Steven G England
- Division of Future Therapeutics and Technologies, Abbvie, North Chicago, Illinois
| | - Shanmugam Nagarajan
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
| | - Satdarshan P Monga
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
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