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Barathan M, Riazalhosseini B, Iyadorai T, Vellasamy KM, Vadivelu J, Chang LY, Zulpa AK, Larsson M, Shankar EM, Mohamed R. Comparative expression of pro-inflammatory and apoptotic biosignatures in chronic HBV-infected patients with and without liver cirrhosis. Microb Pathog 2021; 161:105231. [PMID: 34619310 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The interplay of immune mediators is paramount to optimal host anti-viral immune responses, especially against chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Here, we investigated the dynamic changes in host immune responses in chronic HBV-infected individuals with and without liver cirrhosis by examining the signatures of apoptosis and plasma levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and cytotoxic proteins. A total of 40 chronic HBV patients with and without liver cirrhosis were studied for plasma levels of immune mediators, and signatures of apoptosis in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). The intracellular concentrations of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in patients with chronic HBV with liver cirrhosis was relatively higher as compared to chronic HBV patients. The onset of apoptosis was sustained due to ongoing liver inflammation in concert with plasma TNF-α and IL-6 levels. Plasma VEGF was upregulated among chronic HBV patients with liver cirrhosis, whereas CCL2, CCL5 and granzyme B levels were down-regulated. High levels of ROS, IL-6 and TNF-α correlated with ongoing inflammation among chronic HBV patients with liver cirrhosis, which likely attributed to the expression of biosignatures of apoptosis and activation in immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muttiah Barathan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
| | - Behnaz Riazalhosseini
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
| | - Thevambiga Iyadorai
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
| | - Kumutha Malar Vellasamy
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
| | - Jamuna Vadivelu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
| | - Li-Yen Chang
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Khusairy Zulpa
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
| | - Marie Larsson
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Virology, Department of Biomedicine and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Esaki M Shankar
- Infection Biology, Department of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, 610 005, India.
| | - Rosmawati Mohamed
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia.
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Cardoso CC, Matiollo C, Pereira CHJ, Fonseca JS, Alves HEL, da Silva OM, de Souza Menegassi V, Dos Santos CR, de Moraes ACR, de Lucca Schiavon L, Santos-Silva MC. Patterns of dendritic cell and monocyte subsets are associated with disease severity and mortality in liver cirrhosis patients. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5923. [PMID: 33723292 PMCID: PMC7960697 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85148-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver cirrhosis is often complicated by an immunological imbalance known as cirrhosis-associated immune dysfunction. This study aimed to investigate disturbances in circulating monocytes and dendritic cells in patients with acute decompensation (AD) of cirrhosis. The sample included 39 adult cirrhotic patients hospitalized for AD, 29 patients with stable cirrhosis (SC), and 30 healthy controls (CTR). Flow cytometry was used to analyze monocyte and dendritic cell subsets in whole blood and quantify cytokines in plasma samples. Cirrhotic groups showed higher frequencies of intermediate monocytes (iMo) than CTR. AD patients had lower percentages of nonclassical monocytes than CTR and SC. Cirrhotic patients had a profound reduction in absolute and relative dendritic cell numbers compared with CTR and showed higher plasmacytoid/classical dendritic cell ratios. Increased plasma levels of IL-6, IL-10, and IL-17A, elevated percentages of CD62L+ monocytes, and reduced HLA-DR expression on classical monocytes (cMo) were also observed in cirrhotic patients. Patients with more advanced liver disease showed increased cMo and reduced tissue macrophages (TiMas) frequencies. It was found that cMo percentages greater than 90.0% within the monocyte compartment and iMo and TiMas percentages lower than 5.7% and 8.6%, respectively, were associated with increased 90-day mortality. Monocytes and dendritic cells are deeply altered in cirrhotic patients, and subset profiles differ between stable and advanced liver disease. High cMo and low TiMas frequencies may be useful biomarkers of disease severity and mortality in liver cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra Chiappin Cardoso
- Division of Clinical Analysis, Flow Cytometry Service, Health Sciences Center, University Hospital of the Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil. .,Postgraduate Program in Pharmacy of the Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
| | - Camila Matiollo
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences of the Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | | | - Janaina Santana Fonseca
- Division of Gastroenterology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | | | - Otavio Marcos da Silva
- Division of Gastroenterology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | | | - Claudia Regina Dos Santos
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmacy of the Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.,Clinical Analysis Department, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Rabello de Moraes
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmacy of the Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.,Clinical Analysis Department, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Leonardo de Lucca Schiavon
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences of the Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.,Division of Gastroenterology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Maria Claudia Santos-Silva
- Division of Clinical Analysis, Flow Cytometry Service, Health Sciences Center, University Hospital of the Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil. .,Postgraduate Program in Pharmacy of the Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil. .,Clinical Analysis Department, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
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Tseng CW, Wu SF, Chen CY, Ho YC, He YT, Tseng KC. Characteristics of regulatory T-cell function in patients with chronic hepatitis B and C coinfection. J Viral Hepat 2020; 27:800-809. [PMID: 32243022 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.13298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) affect the pathogenesis and disease progression of chronic viral hepatitis. This study evaluated the frequency and function of Tregs in patients with chronic HBV/HCV coinfection. Seventy-four untreated HBV/HCV co-infected patients were enrolled in this study. These subjects were divided into four subgroups: HBV-active/HCV-active (BACA), HBV-inactive/HCV-active (BICA), HBV-active/HCV-inactive (BACI) and HBV-inactive/HCV-inactive (BICI). Treg frequency was calculated as the fraction of CD4+ Foxp3+ T cells among CD4+ T cells. Treg-mediated inhibition was measured as percent of inhibition of T-cell proliferation. The expression of interferon (IFN)-γ, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-10 with/without Treg inhibition was also studied. Among the patients, there were 8 cases of BACA (10.8%), 38 of BICA (51.4%), 14 of BACI (18.9%) and 14 of BICI (18.9%). The frequency of CD4+ Foxp3+ T cells was comparable between the four groups. The inhibitory function of Tregs among the patients in the BACA and BICA was higher than that in the BICI (BACA vs BICI, P = .0210; BICA vs BICI, P = .0301). Patients in the BACA and BICA had higher fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) scores and serum ALT levels and lower serum albumin levels than those of the other groups. ALT abnormality was significantly and independently associated with a higher Treg immunosuppressive ability. The IFN-γ expression of the effector T cells in the BACA was higher than that of the other groups. In conclusion, the inhibitory function of Tregs is higher among the HBV/HCV co-infected patients with active HCV infection. ALT abnormality plays a dominant role in Treg function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Wei Tseng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chia-Yi, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Tzuchi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Fen Wu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Yi Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical FoundationChia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Che Ho
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting He
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Chih Tseng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chia-Yi, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Tzuchi University, Hualien, Taiwan
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Kim HG, Kim YH, Lee SB, Lee JS, Chae SW, Kim DG, Son CG. An Herbal Formula CG plus Ameliorates Stress-Induced Hepatic Injury in a BALB/c Mouse Model. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:447. [PMID: 32346367 PMCID: PMC7171450 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Stress is a well-known factor for inflammation in diverse organs/tissues. Stress also leads to liver injury, which was supported by clinical observations and animal studies. We herein investigated the hepatoprotective property of an herbal formula (called as CGplus) consisting of Artemisia gmelinii Weber ex Stechm. (syn, Artemisia iwayomogi Kitamura), Wurfbainia villosa var. xanthioides (Wall. ex Baker) Skornick. & A.D.Poulsen (syn, Amomum xanthioides Wallich), and Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge against stress-induced hepatic damage. Methods Male BALB/c mice were orally administered water extract of CGplus (0, 50, 100, or 200 mg/kg) daily for 5 days, and then subjected to immobilization stress for 6 h on the 5th day. Results Acute immobilization stress elevated remarkably serum concentrations of stress hormones (corticosterone and adrenaline) and two hepatic injury parameters (ALT and AST), while these alterations were significantly attenuated by the administration of CGplus. The increases of oxidative parameters (ROS, NO, lipid peroxidation, and protein carbonyl) and deviation of IL-1β and IL-10 in opposite directions in hepatic tissues were significantly normalized by CGplus. Pre-treatment with CGplus also notably ameliorated the abnormal activation of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), CD14, and lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LPB) as well as infiltration of neutrophils in hepatic tissues. Conclusion These results suggest that an herbal formula (CGplus) derived from traditional pharmaceutical theory has a potent protective effect against stress-induced hepatic injury via regulation of pro- (IL-1β) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeong-Geug Kim
- Liver and Immunology Research Center, Dunsan Oriental Hospital of Daejeon University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Yun-Hee Kim
- Korean Medicine Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Sung-Bae Lee
- Liver and Immunology Research Center, Dunsan Oriental Hospital of Daejeon University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jin-Seok Lee
- Liver and Immunology Research Center, Dunsan Oriental Hospital of Daejeon University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Sung-Wook Chae
- Korean Medicine Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Dong-Gu Kim
- Hanbang Cardio-Renal Syndrome Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan, South Korea
| | - Chang-Gue Son
- Liver and Immunology Research Center, Dunsan Oriental Hospital of Daejeon University, Daejeon, South Korea
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Serum Levels of Interleukin-4, Interleukin-10 and Interferon-γ in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B Infection. HEPATITIS MONTHLY 2018. [DOI: 10.5812/hepatmon.60377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
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Naghizadeh MS, Naseri M, Fereyduni M, Ziaee M, Tane A, Safari H, Mahavar N, Mahdavi R, Anani Sarab G. Single Nucleotide Polymorphism of the Interferon-γ Gene (IFN-γ +874 T/A) and the Prognosis of Hepatitis B Infection. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2018. [DOI: 10.29252/jommid.6.2.3.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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7
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Yu H, Liu Y, Huang J, Wang H, Yan W, Xi D, Shen G, Luo X, Ning Q. IL-33 protects murine viral fulminant hepatitis by targeting coagulation hallmark protein FGL2/fibroleukin expression. Mol Immunol 2017; 87:171-179. [PMID: 28494352 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2017.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Fulminant hepatitis (FH) is characterized by rapid liver failure and high mortality. The pathogenesis of viral FH includes virus-induced immune activation, inflammation, and subsequent hepatic apoptosis and necrosis. However, the mechanisms that underlie FH progression are unclear. IL-33 is a member of the IL-1-related cytokines, considered to be an "alarmin" that participates in various diseases, but its precise role in the coagulation of FH is not very clear. In our study, we found that IL-33 is significantly elevated in mice infected with murine hepatitis virus strain 3 (MHV-3). This is accompanied by an increase in pro-coagulant fibrinogen-like protein 2 (FGL2) in the liver. Previous studies have suggested that an increase in FGL2 is diagnostic of FH and liver necrosis, and animals with no FGL2 had better survivorship during FH. Our studies showed that IL-33 administration in a MHV-3 infection promoted survival during FH, with a significant reduction in FGL2 expression and liver inflammation. In vitro IL-33 treatment abrogated MHV-3 and IFN-γ induced FGL2 expression in RAW264.7 and THP-1 cells, respectively. In conclusion, our research suggests that IL-33 protects against viral fulminant hepatitis in mice by antagonizing expression of the pro-coagulant protein FGL2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijing Yu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiaquan Huang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongwu Wang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Weiming Yan
- Department of Infectious Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dong Xi
- Department of Infectious Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guanxin Shen
- Department of Immunology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoping Luo
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qin Ning
- Department of Infectious Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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Sun J, Liao K, Wang Y, Zhang L. Interferon-γ polymorphism and hepatocellular carcinoma susceptibility: a meta analysis. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8:5667-74. [PMID: 26131150 PMCID: PMC4483975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/31/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) was first defined as an antiviral agent with potent antitumor effects in 1957 and this is supported by much subsequent research. IFN-γ rs2430561 polymorphism was found to increase IFN-γ production involved in the regulation of immune system. Previous studies of rs2430561 genotypes and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) susceptibility have produced inconsistent results. We thus summarized all epidemiologic and molecular data and carried out a meta-analysis to evaluate the effects of this functional polymorphism on HCC incidence. METHODS Human hospital- or population-based studies were identified by searching multiple databases (BIOSIS, Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, Chinese Biomedical Literature database). Six studies were selected for the meta-analysis. Crude ORs was calculated assuming the allele, homozygote, heterozygote, dominant and recessive model. The stability and reliability of the combined results were examined by using sensitivity analysis and publication bias tests. RESULTS Meta-analysis under the allele model showed that the T allele compared with the A allele showed a moderately but nonsignificantly increased risk of HCC (OR = 1.12, 95% CI = 0.92-1.35). Analyses under the remaining models revealed no evidence of a significant association. In subgroup analysis by infection type, summary ORs suggested no significantly elevated risk of HBV-infected HCC in relation to the allele or genotypes of rs2430561 polymorphism. The combined results were reliable according to sensitivity analysis and publication bias tests. CONCLUSION We found no strong evidence supporting a statistically significant association between IFN-γ rs2430561 polymorphism and HCC susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University Chongqing, China
| | - Kai Liao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University Chongqing, China
| | - Yuefei Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University Chongqing, China
| | - Leida Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University Chongqing, China
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IFN-γ (+874) and not TNF-α (-308) is associated with HBV-HCC risk in India. Mol Cell Biochem 2013; 385:297-307. [PMID: 24101445 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-013-1838-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interferon (IFN)-γ, the pro-inflammatory Th1 cytokines are the indispensable coordinators of the inflammatory responses involved in hepatitis B virus (HBV) pathogenesis. This study attempted to evaluate any possible association among TNF-α (-308G>A) and IFN-γ (+874T/A) genotypes, the spontaneous blood and mRNA levels and expression of their major signal transducers, namely STAT1 and NF-кB with hepatitis B virus-induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) susceptibility in India. For this, 398 subjects (146 controls, 68 inactive-HBV-carriers, 64 chronic-active HBV patients, 61 HBV-cirrhotics, and 59 HBV-HCC subjects) were enrolled. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism, allele-specific PCR, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, reverse transcriptase-PCR, and Western blot analysis were done for assessing polymorphism, blood levels, mRNA expression, and protein expression of signal transducers, respectively, of TNF-α and IFN-γ. The study revealed no significant association of TNF-α (-308) GA genotype, while a significant negative association of IFN-γ (+874) TA and AA genotypes, in HBV-HCC risk. Moreover, blood levels of TNF-α were significantly elevated as disease progresses to HCC, while IFN-γ levels were raised in HCC patients only. Besides, IFN-γ mRNA levels were significantly elevated in cirrhotics, with no change observed in TNF-α transcript levels. Moreover, NF-кB expression also consistently increased during HCC progression. These observations suggest a vital negative association of IFN-γ (+874) with HBV-HCC risk, with no significant association evident in TNF-α (-308). However, the TNF-α and IFN-γ levels markedly increased in HCC development.
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Werling K, Rácz K. Gene polymorphisms in chronic C virus hepatitis. Interv Med Appl Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1556/imas.4.2012.2.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major public health problem in the world. Current standard of treatment with pegylated interferonalpha (PegIFN) and ribavirin (RBV) achieves a sustained virological response in 40–50% of those infected with genotype 1. Host genotyping studies have the potential to identify genes and therefore pathogenic processes important in viral clearance, enabling a rational approach to design new drugs, and to identify patients who will most likely respond to current and new treatments. The polymorphisms in IL28B are highly predictive of response to PegIFN and RBV combination therapy for HCV genotype 1 infection. Possibly combined to other baseline features, such as the measurements of IP-10 and HLA-C as well as on-treatment viral kinetics, should allow for improved prediction of response to HCV combination therapy. Host genetics have significant role in spontaneous clearance of HCV. Genotyping of this polymorphism will aid clinical decision making for both current standard of care and potentially for the integration of other agents in the future, providing an opportunity for clinicians to individualize treatment regimens for hepatitis C patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klára Werling
- 1 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- 2 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Szentkirályi u. 46, H-1088, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Károly Rácz
- 1 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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Katsounas A, Schlaak JF, Lempicki RA. CCL5: a double-edged sword in host defense against the hepatitis C virus. Int Rev Immunol 2012; 30:366-78. [PMID: 22053974 DOI: 10.3109/08830185.2011.593105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
C-C motif ligand 5 (CCL5) facilitates induction of chemotaxis in immune cells and activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSC) at sites of liver inflammation during chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Importantly, CCL5 participates in the establishment of T-helper 1 responses crucial in controlling liver disease and HCV infection outcome and demonstrates distinct gene expression patterns between the blood and the liver, stressing the importance of immunoregulatory networks differentially functioning between these compartments. This review illustrates the significance of CCL5-dependent pathways in HCV-related immunopathogenesis by elaborating on biological mechanisms interconnecting peripheral and tissue immunology, liver pathology, HSC activation, and interferon-α immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonios Katsounas
- Laboratory of Immunopathogenesis and Bioinformatics, SAIC-Frederick Inc., National Cancer Institute at Frederick (NCI-Frederick), Frederick, Maryland, USA.
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12
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Ksiaa Cheikhrouhou L, Sfar I, Aounallah-Skhiri H, Aouadi H, Jendoubi-Ayed S, Ben Abdallah T, Ayed K, Lakhoua-Gorgi Y. Cytokine and apoptosis gene polymorphisms influence the outcome of hepatitis C virus infection. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2011; 10:280-8. [PMID: 21669572 DOI: 10.1016/s1499-3872(11)60047-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is thought to be chronic and the factors leading to viral clearance or persistence are poorly understood. This study was undertaken to investigate the possibility of a significant relationship between the spontaneous clearance or the persistence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and cytokine and apoptosis gene polymorphisms in Tunisian patients on hemodialysis. METHODS Polymorphisms of the genes IL-1 (-889 IL-1alpha, -511 and +3954 IL-1beta, IL-1Ra), IL-18 (-137 and -607), IL-12 (-1188) and Apo1/Fas (-670) were determined by PCR-RFLP, PCR-SSP and PCR-VNTR in 100 healthy blood donors and 100 patients infected with HCV and undergoing hemodialysis. The patients were classified into two groups: G1 consisted of 76 active chronic hepatitis patients (positive for HCV RNA) and G2 consisted of 24 hemodialysed patients who spontaneously eliminated the virus (negative for HCV RNA). RESULTS The frequency of genotype association [-137GC/-607CA] IL-18 was higher in G2 (41.7%) than in G1 (15.8%) (P=0.008; OR=0.26; 95% CI, 0.10-0.73). We also found a higher frequency of the AA genotype of the Apo1/Fas gene in G2 (41.6%) than in G1 (17.5%) (P=0.026; OR=3.49; 95% CI, 1.13-10.69). Adjustment for known covariate factors (age, gender and genotype) confirmed these univariate findings and revealed that the genotype association GC-CA of the (-137 and -607) IL-18 gene and the AA genotype of the Apo1/Fas gene were associated with the clearance of HCV (P=0.041 and 0.017, respectively). CONCLUSION The two genotypes GC-CA of the (-137 and -607) IL-18 polymorphism and the AA genotype of the Apo1/Fas gene influence the outcome of HCV infection in Tunisian patients on hemodialysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Ksiaa Cheikhrouhou
- Immunology Research Laboratory of Kidney Transplantation and Immunopathology, Charles Nicolle Hospital, Thunis, Tunisia
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Cielecka-Kuszyk J, Siennicka J, Jabłońska J, Rek O, Godzik P, Rabczenko D, Madaliński K. Is interleukin-8 an additional to histopathological changes diagnostic marker in HCV-infected patients with cryoglobulinemia? Hepatol Int 2011; 5:934-40. [DOI: 10.1007/s12072-011-9268-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2010] [Accepted: 03/04/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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14
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Nonaka Y, Izumo T, Izumi F, Maekawa T, Shibata H, Nakano A, Kishi A, Akatani K, Kiso Y. Antiallergic Effects of Lactobacillus pentosus Strain S-PT84 Mediated by Modulation of Th1/Th2 Immunobalance and Induction of IL-10 Production. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2007; 145:249-57. [PMID: 17914277 DOI: 10.1159/000109294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2006] [Accepted: 05/30/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many types of fermented food are consumed in Japan. Although some are produced by plant-origin lactic-acid bacteria (LAB) fermentation, the physiological functions of such bacteria remain unclear. We therefore isolated LAB of plant origin from Kyoto pickles and determined the immunological activity of heat-killed preparations of plant-origin LAB. METHODS The Lactobacillus pentosus strain S-PT84 was selected from among 16 LAB of plant origin as the strongest interleukin (IL)-12-inducing strain. IL-12- and IL-10-inducing activities were determined with macrophages from BALB/c mice. The in vivo immunomodulating effect of S-PT84was determined with BALB/c mice fed S-PT84. The antiallergic activity of S-PT84 was examined in ovalbumin (OVA)/alum-administered BALB/c mice. RESULTS The L. pentosus strain S-PT84 induced production of both IL-12 and IL-10 in vitro. S-PT84 enhanced splenic natural-killer activity and modulated the T helper (Th) type 1/type 2 balance toward a Th1-dominant state. In the OVA-induced allergy model, orally administered S-PT84 lowered serum IgE levels and suppressed active cutaneous anaphylaxis reaction and splenic IL-4 production. IL-10 production from splenocytes of OVA-immunized mice was upregulated by feeding S-PT84. CONCLUSIONS Despite heat-killing, S-PT84 exhibited antiallergic effects by modulating the Th1/Th2 balance and inducing regulatory T cells. The L. pentosus strain S-PT84, which is of plant origin and isolated from a traditional Japanese food, is expected to be useful for treatment of many immune diseases including allergies, tumors, infectious diseases and auto-immune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Nonaka
- Institute for Health Care Science, Suntory Ltd., Osaka, Japan.
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Lutsiak MEC, Kwon GS, Samuel J. Biodegradable nanoparticle delivery of a Th2-biased peptide for induction of Th1 immune responses. J Pharm Pharmacol 2006; 58:739-47. [PMID: 16734975 DOI: 10.1211/jpp.58.6.0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The type of immune response developed against the hepatitis B virus (HBV) is crucial in determining the outcome of the disease. The protective effects of vaccine-induced antibody responses against subsequent exposure to HBV are well-established. After the establishment of chronic HBV infection, cell-mediated immune response is curative while humoral response is detrimental. A therapeutic vaccine that could switch the type of response could lead to disease resolution. Hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg)(129-140) has been identified as a Th2-biased peptide in H-2(b) mice when it is administered along with complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). We formulated HBcAg(129-140) along with monophosphoryl lipid A in poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles. Naive mice immunized with the nanoparticle formulation developed a strong Th1-type response while mice immunized with the control formulation of CFA and peptide did not. We then primed mice with CFA and peptide to establish a Th2-type immune response before administering the nanoparticle formulation. Mice receiving the nanoparticle formulation being primed with CFA still developed a strong Th1-type response, while mice that received incomplete Freund's adjuvant and peptide instead of nanoparticles did not. The ability of PLGA nanoparticles to alter the type of immune response elicited by a peptide, even in the context of an ongoing immune response, makes PLGA nanoparticles a strong candidate for the formulation of therapeutic vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Christine Lutsiak
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2N8
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