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Simovic I, Hilmi I, Ng RT, Chew KS, Wong SY, Lee WS, Riordan S, Castaño-Rodríguez N. ATG16L1 rs2241880/T300A increases susceptibility to perianal Crohn's disease: An updated meta-analysis on inflammatory bowel disease risk and clinical outcomes. United European Gastroenterol J 2024; 12:103-121. [PMID: 37837511 PMCID: PMC10859713 DOI: 10.1002/ueg2.12477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND ATG16L1 plays a fundamental role in the degradative intracellular pathway known as autophagy, being a mediator of inflammation and microbial homeostasis. The variant rs2241880 can diminish these capabilities, potentially contributing to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) pathogenesis. OBJECTIVES To perform an updated meta-analysis on the association between ATG16L1 rs2241880 and IBD susceptibility by exploring the impact of age, ethnicity, and geography. Moreover, to investigate the association between rs2241880 and clinical features. METHODS Literature searches up until September 2022 across 7 electronic public databases were performed for all case-control studies on ATG16L1 rs2241880 and IBD. Pooled odds ratios (ORP ) and 95% CI were calculated under the random effects model. RESULTS Our analyses included a total of 30,606 IBD patients, comprising 21,270 Crohn's disease (CD) and 9336 ulcerative colitis (UC) patients, and 33,329 controls. ATG16L1 rs2241880 was significantly associated with CD susceptibility, where the A allele was protective (ORP : 0.74, 95% CI: 0.72-0.77, p-value: <0.001), while the G allele was a risk factor (ORP : 1.23, 95% CI: 1.09-1.39, p-value: 0.001), depending on the minor allele frequencies observed in this multi-ancestry study sample. rs2241880 was predominantly relevant in Caucasians from North America and Europe, and in Latin American populations. Importantly, CD patients harbouring the G allele were significantly more predisposed to perianal disease (ORP : 1.21, 95% CI: 1.07-1.38, p-value: 0.003). CONCLUSIONS ATG16L1 rs2241880 (G allele) is a consistent risk factor for IBD in Caucasian cohorts and influences clinical outcomes. As its role in non-Caucasian populations remains ambiguous, further studies in under-reported populations are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isidora Simovic
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ida Hilmi
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ruey Terng Ng
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kee Seang Chew
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shin Yee Wong
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Way Seah Lee
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Stephen Riordan
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Triantaphyllopoulos KA. Long Non-Coding RNAs and Their "Discrete" Contribution to IBD and Johne's Disease-What Stands out in the Current Picture? A Comprehensive Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13566. [PMID: 37686376 PMCID: PMC10487966 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-coding RNAs (ncRNA) have paved the way to new perspectives on the regulation of gene expression, not only in biology and medicine, but also in associated fields and technologies, ensuring advances in diagnostic means and therapeutic modalities. Critical in this multistep approach are the associations of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) with diseases and their causal genes in their networks of interactions, gene enrichment and expression analysis, associated pathways, the monitoring of the involved genes and their functional roles during disease progression from one stage to another. Studies have shown that Johne's Disease (JD), caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies partuberculosis (MAP), shares common lncRNAs, clinical findings, and other molecular entities with Crohn's Disease (CD). This has been a subject of vigorous investigation owing to the zoonotic nature of this condition, although results are still inconclusive. In this review, on one hand, the current knowledge of lncRNAs in cells is presented, focusing on the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal-related pathologies and MAP-related infections and, on the other hand, we attempt to dissect the associated genes and pathways involved. Furthermore, the recently characterized and novel lncRNAs share common pathologies with IBD and JD, including the expression, molecular networks, and dataset analysis results. These are also presented in an attempt to identify potential biomarkers pertinent to cattle and human disease phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kostas A Triantaphyllopoulos
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos St., 11855 Athens, Greece
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3
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Park JM, Kim J, Lee YJ, Bae SU, Lee HW. Inflammatory bowel disease-associated intestinal fibrosis. J Pathol Transl Med 2023; 57:60-66. [PMID: 36623814 PMCID: PMC9846010 DOI: 10.4132/jptm.2022.11.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is characterized by a proliferation of fibroblasts and excessive extracellular matrix following chronic inflammation, and this replacement of organ tissue with fibrotic tissue causes a loss of function. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, and intestinal fibrosis is common in IBD patients, resulting in several complications that require surgery, such as a stricture or penetration. This review describes the pathogenesis and various factors involved in intestinal fibrosis in IBD, including cytokines, growth factors, epithelial-mesenchymal and endothelial-mesenchymal transitions, and gut microbiota. Furthermore, histopathologic findings and scoring systems used for stenosis in IBD are discussed, and differences in the fibrosis patterns of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease are compared. Biomarkers and therapeutic agents targeting intestinal fibrosis are briefly mentioned at the end.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Min Park
- Department of Pathology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu,
Korea
| | - Jeongseok Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu,
Korea
| | - Yoo Jin Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu,
Korea
| | - Sung Uk Bae
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu,
Korea
| | - Hye Won Lee
- Department of Pathology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu,
Korea
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4
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Bao L, Cui X, Bai R, Chen C. Advancing intestinal organoid technology to decipher nano-intestine interactions and treat intestinal disease. NANO RESEARCH 2022; 16:3976-3990. [PMID: 36465523 PMCID: PMC9685037 DOI: 10.1007/s12274-022-5150-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
With research burgeoning in nanoscience and nanotechnology, there is an urgent need to develop new biological models that can simulate native structure, function, and genetic properties of tissues to evaluate the adverse or beneficial effects of nanomaterials on a host. Among the current biological models, three-dimensional (3D) organoids have developed as powerful tools in the study of nanomaterial-biology (nano-bio) interactions, since these models can overcome many of the limitations of cell and animal models. A deep understanding of organoid techniques will facilitate the development of more efficient nanomedicines and further the fields of tissue engineering and personalized medicine. Herein, we summarize the recent progress in intestinal organoids culture systems with a focus on our understanding of the nature and influencing factors of intestinal organoid growth. We also discuss biomimetic extracellular matrices (ECMs) coupled with nanotechnology. In particular, we analyze the application prospects for intestinal organoids in investigating nano-intestine interactions. By integrating nanotechnology and organoid technology, this recently developed model will fill the gaps left due to the deficiencies of traditional cell and animal models, thus accelerating both our understanding of intestine-related nanotoxicity and the development of nanomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Bao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Xuejing Cui
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 China
- The GBA National Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Guangzhou, 510700 China
| | - Ru Bai
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 China
| | - Chunying Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 China
- The GBA National Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Guangzhou, 510700 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
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5
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Crohn's Disease Susceptibility and Onset Are Strongly Related to Three NOD2 Gene Haplotypes. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10173777. [PMID: 34501225 PMCID: PMC8432186 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10173777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The genetic background and the determinants influencing the disease form, course, and onset of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remain unresolved. We aimed to determine the NOD2 gene haplotypes and their relationship with IBD occurrence, clinical presentation, and onset, analyzing a cohort of 578 patients with IBD, including children, and 888 controls. Imaging or endoscopy with a histopathological confirmation was used to diagnose IBD. Genotyping was performed to assess the differences in genotypic and allelic frequencies. Linkage disequilibrium was analyzed, and associations between haplotypes and clinical data were evaluated. We emphasized the prevalence of risk alleles in all analyzed loci in patients with Crohn disease (CD). Interestingly, c.2722G>C and c.3019_3020insC alleles were also overrepresented in ulcerative colitis (UC). T-C-G-C-insC, T-C-G-T-insC, and T-T-G-T-wt haplotypes were correlated with the late-onset form of CD (OR = 23.01, 5.09, and 17.71, respectively), while T-T-G-T-wt and C-C-G-T-wt were prevalent only in CD children (OR = 29.36, and 12.93, respectively; p-value = 0.001). In conclusion, the presence of c.3019_3020insC along with c.802C>T occurred as the most fundamental contributing diplotype in late-onset CD form, while in CD children, the mutual allele in all predisposing haplotypes was the c.2798 + 158T. Identifying the unique, high-impact haplotypes supports further studies of the NOD2 gene, including haplotypic backgrounds.
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6
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Xue X, De Leon-Tabaldo A, Luna-Roman R, Castro G, Albers M, Schoetens F, DePrimo S, Devineni D, Wilde T, Goldberg S, Hoffmann T, Fourie AM, Thurmond RL. Preclinical and clinical characterization of the RORγt inhibitor JNJ-61803534. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11066. [PMID: 34040108 PMCID: PMC8155022 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90497-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The nuclear receptor retinoid-related orphan receptor gamma t (RORγt) plays a critical role in driving Th17 cell differentiation and expansion, as well as IL-17 production in innate and adaptive immune cells. The IL-23/IL-17 axis is implicated in several autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, and biologics targeting IL-23 and IL-17 have shown significant clinical efficacy in treating psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. JNJ-61803534 is a potent RORγt inverse agonist, selectively inhibiting RORγt-driven transcription versus closely-related family members, RORα and RORβ. JNJ-61803534 inhibited IL-17A production in human CD4+ T cells under Th17 differentiation conditions, but did not inhibit IFNγ production under Th1 differentiation conditions, and had no impact on in vitro differentiation of regulatory T cells (Treg), nor on the suppressive activity of natural Tregs. In the mouse collagen-induced arthritis model, JNJ-61803534 dose-dependently attenuated inflammation, achieving ~ 90% maximum inhibition of clinical score. JNJ-61803534 significantly inhibited disease score in the imiquimod-induced mouse skin inflammation model, and dose-dependently inhibited the expression of RORγt-regulated genes, including IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-22 and IL-23R. Preclinical 1-month toxicity studies in rats and dogs identified doses that were well tolerated supporting progression into first-in-human studies. An oral formulation of JNJ-61803534 was studied in a phase 1 randomized double-blind study in healthy human volunteers to assess safety, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics. The compound was well tolerated in single ascending doses (SAD) up to 200 mg, and exhibited dose-dependent increases in exposure upon oral dosing, with a plasma half-life of 164 to 170 h. In addition, dose-dependent inhibition of ex vivo stimulated IL-17A production in whole blood was observed, demonstrating in vivo target engagement. In conclusion, JNJ-61803534 is a potent and selective RORγt inhibitor that exhibited acceptable preclinical safety and efficacy, as well as an acceptable safety profile in a healthy volunteer SAD study, with clear evidence of a pharmacodynamic effect in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Xue
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | | | | | - Glenda Castro
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, PA, USA
| | - Michael Albers
- Department of Research, Phenex Pharmaceuticals AG, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Thomas Wilde
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, PA, USA
| | | | - Thomas Hoffmann
- Department of Research, Phenex Pharmaceuticals AG, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anne M Fourie
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, La Jolla, CA, USA
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7
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Whole Transcription Profile of Responders to Anti-TNF Drugs in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13010077. [PMID: 33429950 PMCID: PMC7830359 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13010077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Up to 30% of patients with pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) do not respond to anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor (anti-TNF) therapy. The aim of this study was to identify pharmacogenomic markers that predict early response to anti-TNF drugs in pediatric patients with IBD. Methods: An observational, longitudinal, prospective cohort study was conducted. The study population comprised 38 patients with IBD aged < 18 years who started treatment with infliximab or adalimumab (29 responders and nine non-responders). Whole gene expression profiles from total RNA isolated from whole blood samples of six responders and six non-responders taken before administration of the biologic and after two weeks of therapy were analyzed using next-generation RNA sequencing. The expression of six selected genes was measured for purposes of validation in all of the 38 patients recruited using qPCR. Results: Genes were differentially expressed in non-responders and responders (32 before initiation of treatment and 44 after two weeks, Log2FC (Fold change) >0.6 or <−0.6 and p value < 0.05). After validation, FCGR1A, FCGR1B, and GBP1 were overexpressed in non-responders two weeks after initiation of anti-TNF treatment (Log2FC 1.05, 1.21, and 1.08, respectively, p value < 0.05). Conclusion: Expression of the FCGR1A, FCGR1B, and GBP1 genes is a pharmacogenomic biomarker of early response to anti-TNF agents in pediatric IBD.
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8
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Mavragani CP, Nezos A, Dovrolis N, Andreou NP, Legaki E, Sechi LA, Bamias G, Gazouli M. Type I and II Interferon Signatures Can Predict the Response to Anti-TNF Agents in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients: Involvement of the Microbiota. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2020; 26:1543-1553. [PMID: 32812029 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izaa216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anti-TNF agents have been a cornerstone of IBD therapy; however, response to treatment has been variable, and clinically applicable biomarkers are urgently needed. We hypothesized that the type I and type II interferon (IFN) signatures may be a confounding factor for response to antitumor necrosis factor (TNF) treatment via interactions with the host and its gut microbiota. METHODS Peripheral blood from 30 IBD patients and 10 healthy controls was subjected to real-time quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction for type I and type II IFN genes (IFNGs), both at baseline and after treatment with anti-TNF. Correlation between IFN signatures and microbiota composition was also determined for a subgroup of patients and controls. RESULTS At baseline, type I IFN score was significantly higher in IBD patients (P = 0.04 vs controls). Responders to subsequent anti-TNF treatment had significantly lower baseline scores for both type I and II IFN signatures (P < 0.005 vs nonresponders for both comparisons). During treatment with anti-TNF, the expression of type I and II IFNGs was significantly elevated in responders and decreased in nonresponders. In addition, changes in IFN signatures correlated to specific alterations in the abundance of several microbial taxa of the gut microbiome. CONCLUSIONS Baseline expression of type I and II IFN signatures and their kinetics during anti-TNF administration significantly correlate to treatment responses in IBD patients. Peripheral blood IFN signatures may serve as clinically meaningful biomarkers for the identification of subgroups of patients with favorable response to anti-TNF treatment. Additionally, the distinct synergies between different IFN types and microbiota might help drive therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clio P Mavragani
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Adrianos Nezos
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolas Dovrolis
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | | | - Evangelia Legaki
- Laboratory of Biology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Leonardo A Sechi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Giorgos Bamias
- GI-Unit, 3rd Academic Department of Internal Medicine, Sotiria Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Gazouli
- Laboratory of Biology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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9
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Raftery AL, Tsantikos E, Harris NL, Hibbs ML. Links Between Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Front Immunol 2020; 11:2144. [PMID: 33042125 PMCID: PMC7517908 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.02144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are chronic inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts, respectively. These mucosal tissues bear commonalities in embryology, structure and physiology. Inherent similarities in immune responses at the two sites, as well as overlapping environmental risk factors, help to explain the increase in prevalence of IBD amongst COPD patients. Over the past decade, a tremendous amount of research has been conducted to define the microbiological makeup of the intestine, known as the intestinal microbiota, and determine its contribution to health and disease. Intestinal microbial dysbiosis is now known to be associated with IBD where it impacts upon intestinal epithelial barrier integrity and leads to augmented immune responses and the perpetuation of chronic inflammation. While much less is known about the lung microbiota, like the intestine, it has its own distinct, diverse microflora, with dysbiosis being reported in respiratory disease settings such as COPD. Recent research has begun to delineate the interaction or crosstalk between the lung and the intestine and how this may influence, or be influenced by, the microbiota. It is now known that microbial products and metabolites can be transferred from the intestine to the lung via the bloodstream, providing a mechanism for communication. While recent studies indicate that intestinal microbiota can influence respiratory health, intestinal dysbiosis in COPD has not yet been described although it is anticipated since factors that lead to dysbiosis are similarly associated with COPD. This review will focus on the gut-lung axis in the context of IBD and COPD, highlighting the role of environmental and genetic factors and the impact of microbial dysbiosis on chronic inflammation in the intestinal tract and lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- April L Raftery
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Evelyn Tsantikos
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Nicola L Harris
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Margaret L Hibbs
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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10
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Gene Signatures of Early Response to Anti-TNF Drugs in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093364. [PMID: 32397546 PMCID: PMC7247673 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Around a 20–30% of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients are diagnosed before they are 18 years old. Anti-TNF drugs can induce and maintain remission in IBD, however, up to 30% of patients do not respond. The aim of the work was to identify markers that would predict an early response to anti-TNF drugs in pediatric patients with IBD. The study population included 43 patients aged <18 years with IBD who started treatment with infliximab or adalimumab. Patients were classified into primary responders (n = 27) and non-responders to anti-TNF therapy (n = 6). Response to treatment could not be analyzed in 10 patients. Response was defined as a decrease in over 15 points in the disease activity indexes from week 0 to week 10 of infliximab treatment or from week 0 to week 26 of adalimumab treatment. The expression profiles of nine genes in total RNA isolated from the whole-blood of pediatric IBD patients taken before biologic administration and after 2 weeks were analyzed using qPCR and the 2−∆∆Ct method. Before initiation and after 2 weeks of treatment the expression of SMAD7 was decreased in patients who were considered as non-responders (p value < 0.05). Changes in expression were also observed for TLR2 at T0 and T2, although that did not reach the level of statistical significance. In addition, the expression of DEFA5 decreased 1.75-fold during the first 2 weeks of anti-TNF treatment in responders, whereas no changes were observed in non-responders. Expression of the SMAD7 gene is a pharmacogenomic biomarker of early response to anti-TNF agents in pediatric IBD. TLR2 and DEFA5 need to be validated in larger studies.
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11
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Angus HCK, Butt AG, Schultz M, Kemp RA. Intestinal Organoids as a Tool for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 6:334. [PMID: 32010704 PMCID: PMC6978713 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2019.00334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD) are difficult to model as freshly acquired tissues are short-lived, provide data as a snapshot in time, and are not always accessible. Many patients with IBD are non-responders to first-line treatments, and responders are prone to developing resistance to treatment over time—resulting in reduced patient quality of life, increased time to remission, and potential relapse. IBD is heterogenous and we are yet to fully understand the mechanisms of disease; thus, our ability to diagnose and prescribe optimal treatment remains ineffective. Intestinal organoids are derived from patient tissues expanded in vitro. Organoids offer unique insight into individual patient disease and are a potential route to personalized treatments. However, organoid models do not contain functional microbial and immune cell components. In this review, we discuss immune cell subsets in the context of IBD, and the requirement of immune cell and microbial components in organoid models for IBD research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamish C K Angus
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - A Grant Butt
- Department of Physiology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Michael Schultz
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Roslyn A Kemp
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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12
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Tsianos VE, Kostoulas C, Gazouli M, Frillingos S, Georgiou I, Christodoulou DK, Katsanos KH, Tsianos EV. ATG16L1 T300A polymorphism is associated with Crohn's disease in a Northwest Greek cohort, but ECM1 T130M and G290S polymorphisms are not associated with ulcerative colitis. Ann Gastroenterol 2019; 33:38-44. [PMID: 31892796 PMCID: PMC6928472 DOI: 10.20524/aog.2019.0434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are well-described disease entities with unknown etiopathogenesis. Environmental, genetic, gut microbiota, and host immune response correlations have been implicated. The role of susceptibility gene polymorphisms, such as ATG16L1 T300A and ECM1 T130M and G290S, is well-described, although controversial findings have been reported. Methods: Two hundred five patients with inflammatory bowel disease (108 CD and 97 UC), and 223 healthy blood donors (control group) from the Northwest Greece region were genotyped for rs2241880 (T300A), rs3737240 (T130M) and rs13294 (G290S) single nucleotide polymorphisms. Genotyping was performed using the real-time polymerase chain reaction method. Results: The frequency of G allele was significantly higher in CD patients compared to the control group (P=0.029; odds ratio [OR] 1.45, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.04-2.03). Carriers of two G alleles (T300A), compared to those carrying only one, were 1.3 times more susceptible to CD (P=0.022; OR 2.45, 95%CI 1.14-5.27). In CD patients, the presence of the T300A polymorphism indicates a possible protective effect against developing a penetrating (B3) phenotype, while in UC patients, presence of the T300A polymorphism, indicates a possible protective effect against developing joint-involving extraintestinal manifestations. Conclusion: Our study found a significant association of the T300A polymorphism with CD susceptibility, suggesting that CD occurrence in our population has a strong genetic background, with the T300A G allele having an additive effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasileios E Tsianos
- Research Laboratory of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina (Vasileios E. Tsianos)
| | - Charilaos Kostoulas
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics in Clinical Practice, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina (Charilaos Kostoulas, Ioannis Georgiou)
| | - Maria Gazouli
- Laboratory of Biology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (Maria Gazouli)
| | - Stathis Frillingos
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina (Stathis Frillingos)
| | - Ioannis Georgiou
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics in Clinical Practice, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina (Charilaos Kostoulas, Ioannis Georgiou)
| | - Dimitrios K Christodoulou
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Ioannina, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina (Dimitrios K. Christodoulou, Konstantinos H. Katsanos)
| | - Konstantinos H Katsanos
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Ioannina, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina (Dimitrios K. Christodoulou, Konstantinos H. Katsanos)
| | - Epameinondas V Tsianos
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina (Epameinondas V. Tsianos), Greece
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13
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Zhu Y, Jiang H, Chen Z, Lu B, Li J, Shen X. Genetic association between IL23R rs11209026 and rs10889677 polymorphisms and risk of Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis: evidence from 41 studies. Inflamm Res 2019; 69:87-103. [DOI: 10.1007/s00011-019-01296-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
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14
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Targeted Gene Sequencing in Children with Crohn's Disease and Their Parents: Implications for Missing Heritability. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2018; 8:2881-2888. [PMID: 30166421 PMCID: PMC6118318 DOI: 10.1534/g3.118.200404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Crohn’s disease is a complex genetic trait characterized by chronic relapsing intestinal inflammation. Genome wide association studies (GWAS) have identified more than 170 loci associated with the disease, accounting for ∼14% of the disease variance. We hypothesized that rare genetic variation in GWAS positional candidates also contribute to disease pathogenesis. We performed targeted, massively-parallel sequencing of 101 genes in 205 children with Crohn’s disease, including 179 parent-child trios and 200 controls, both of European ancestry. We used the gene burden test implemented in VAAST and estimated effect sizes using logistic regression and meta-analyses. We identified three genes with nominally significant p-values: NOD2, RTKN2, and MGAT3. Only NOD2 was significant after correcting for multiple comparisons. We identified eight novel rare variants in NOD2 that are likely disease-associated. Incorporation of rare variation and compound heterozygosity nominally increased the proportion of variance explained from 0.074 to 0.089. We estimated the population attributable risk and total heritability of variation in NOD2 to be 32.9% and 3.4%, respectively, with 3.7% and 0.25% accounted for by rare putatively functional variants. Sequencing probands (as opposed to genotyping) to identify rare variants and incorporating phase by sequencing parents can recover a portion of the missing heritability of Crohn’s disease.
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15
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Aida I, Meddour Y, Kadiri H, Smara M, Bousseloub A, Kecili L, Gamar L, Belhocine K, Boussafsaf MA, Debzi N, Aouichat-Bouguerra S, Chaib S. T300A variant of AT16L1 gene in a cohort of Algerian Crohn disease patients. Curr Res Transl Med 2018. [PMID: 29519712 DOI: 10.1016/j.retram.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The T300A variant is among the most Crohn's disease (CD) associated genetic variants. The aim of our study is to bring a first insight about the contribution of the T300A variant in a cohort of Algerian CD. In a case/control design, 118 Algerian CD patients and 161 unrelated healthy subjects were genotyped for the T300A variant using the allelic discrimination test by Applied Biosystems Taqman® genotyping technology. A serological analysis was carried out using Biosystems™ ELISA kit for the assessment of the anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies and immunofluorimetry via Luminex® technology for the evaluation of cytokine levels (TNFα, IFNγ, IL-6 and IL-17). The comparison between allelic and genotypic frequencies was performed using the χ2 test and the exact Fischer test. The odds ratio (OR) was noted adopting confidence interval of 95%. The comparison between the averages was carried out by the Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests. A factorial discriminant analysis and a binary logistic regression were performed as further analyses. The T300A variant showed an increased risk of CD within homozygous variant carriers (P=0.027). Moreover, the carriage of the G allele was associated with the early onset of CD (P=0.01) and a severe CD impairment (P=0.045). We were not able to comfort the association of the T300A variant and ASCA IgA, ASCA IgG and IFNγ levels detected at the univariate analysis. Our results suggest a possible association between the T300A variant and CD in this cohort of Algerian CD patients. Moreover, this variant might be incriminated in the early onset of CD and a severe disease impairment. At the serological study, the univariate and the multivariate analyses yielded contradictory results. Further investigations of larger cohorts of Algerian CD are needed to better assess the suggested associations at the present study.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Aida
- Immunology Department, Army Central Hospital, Algiers, Algeria; Team Cellular and Molecular Physiopathology, Laboratory of Biology and Physiology of organisms, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene, 16111, Algiers, Algeria.
| | - Y Meddour
- Immunology Department, Army Central Hospital, Algiers, Algeria
| | - H Kadiri
- Immunology Department, Army Central Hospital, Algiers, Algeria
| | - M Smara
- Immunology Department, Army Central Hospital, Algiers, Algeria
| | - A Bousseloub
- Gastroenterology Department, Army Central Hospital, Algiers, Algeria
| | - L Kecili
- Gastroenterology Department, Mustapha Bacha University Hospital, Algiers, Algeria
| | - L Gamar
- Gastroenterology Department, Mustapha Bacha University Hospital, Algiers, Algeria
| | - K Belhocine
- Gastroenterology Department, Mustapha Bacha University Hospital, Algiers, Algeria
| | - M-A Boussafsaf
- Gastroenterology Department, Mustapha Bacha University Hospital, Algiers, Algeria
| | - N Debzi
- Gastroenterology Department, Mustapha Bacha University Hospital, Algiers, Algeria
| | - S Aouichat-Bouguerra
- Team Cellular and Molecular Physiopathology, Laboratory of Biology and Physiology of organisms, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene, 16111, Algiers, Algeria
| | - S Chaib
- Immunology Department, Army Central Hospital, Algiers, Algeria
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16
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Genetic profile of patients with early onset inflammatory bowel disease. Gene 2017; 645:18-29. [PMID: 29248579 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory Bowel disease (IBD) is a widespread pathological condition with clinical heterogeneity and with different levels of severity. Although IBD usually occurs in young adults, onset in childhood and infancy are described in patients within the 10th and second year of age. By genome-wide association studies and meta-analysis, several genetic loci have been identified associated with an increased risk of developing IBD in Western populations with variants that may alter the normal mucosal immunity in the gastrointestinal tract. The clinical complexity and the heterogeneity of the IBD phenotype probably reflect the presence of genetic heterogeneity where different genes or combinations of them may be involved, together with environmental factors. We hypothesized that patients with early onset IBD could have either more severe genetic variants in genes associated with IBD or multiple variants in different genes. Under the multifactorial diseases is crucial to consider the small contribution of a single variant in all not only to other small variations in the same gene but also in different genes belonging to the same pathway. We performed direct gene sequencing looking for 94 variations in NOD2, ATG16L1, IL23R, IL10R, IL10 and XIAP genes previously shown as correlated with IBD both in multifactorial and in Mendelian models. All variants identified are known in literature as being associated with IBD except for three variants in the genes NOD2, IL10 and IL10RB that even though present in online databases have never been involved in association studies on IBD patients. Moreover, we coupled genetic variants identification with an accurate "in silico" analysis to verify their predictive impact on the protein structure and function. The in-silico prediction of these variants results as benign therefore even if they exhibit a very low frequency in control population being benign, they cannot be considered pathogenic as monogenic disease but fall within the multifactorial range. The variants identified in our study partially reflect the association data described in the literature but there are no significant differences with the onset of disease (VEO vs EO-IBD).
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17
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Lawrance IC, Rogler G, Bamias G, Breynaert C, Florholmen J, Pellino G, Reif S, Speca S, Latella G. Cellular and Molecular Mediators of Intestinal Fibrosis. J Crohns Colitis 2017. [PMID: 25306501 DOI: 10.1016/j.crohns.2014.09.00] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal fibrosis is a major complication of the inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and although inflammation is necessary for its development, it would appear that it plays a minor role in its progression as anti-inflammatory treatments in IBD do not prevent fibrosis once it has started. The processes that regulate fibrosis would thus appear to be distinct from those regulating inflammation and, therefore, a detailed understanding of these pathways is vital to the development of anti-fibrogenic strategies. There have been several recent reviews exploring what is known, and what remains unknown, about the development of intestinal fibrosis. This review is designed to add to this literature but with a focus on the cellular components that are involved in the development of fibrogenesis and the major molecular mediators that impact on these cells. The aim is to heighten the understanding of the factors involved in intestinal fibrogenesis so that detailed research can be encouraged in order to advance the processes that could lead to effective treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian C Lawrance
- Centre for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Fremantle Hospital, Fremantle, WA, Australia.,University Department of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Fremantle Hospital, Freemantle, WA, Australia
| | - Gerhard Rogler
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Giorgos Bamias
- Academic Department of Gastroenterology, Ethnikon and Kapodistriakon University of Athens, Laikon Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Christine Breynaert
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of General Internal Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jon Florholmen
- Research Group of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Artic University of Norway and University Hospital of Northern Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Gianluca Pellino
- General Surgery Unit, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Shimon Reif
- Department of Pediatrics, Tel-Aviv Souraski Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Silvia Speca
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research-INSERM, Unit U995, Lille, France
| | - Giovanni Latella
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, Gastroenterology Unit, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
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18
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Lawrance IC, Rogler G, Bamias G, Breynaert C, Florholmen J, Pellino G, Reif S, Speca S, Latella G. Cellular and Molecular Mediators of Intestinal Fibrosis. J Crohns Colitis 2017; 11:1491-1503. [PMID: 25306501 PMCID: PMC5885809 DOI: 10.1016/j.crohns.2014.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal fibrosis is a major complication of the inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and although inflammation is necessary for its development, it would appear that it plays a minor role in its progression as anti-inflammatory treatments in IBD do not prevent fibrosis once it has started. The processes that regulate fibrosis would thus appear to be distinct from those regulating inflammation and, therefore, a detailed understanding of these pathways is vital to the development of anti-fibrogenic strategies. There have been several recent reviews exploring what is known, and what remains unknown, about the development of intestinal fibrosis. This review is designed to add to this literature but with a focus on the cellular components that are involved in the development of fibrogenesis and the major molecular mediators that impact on these cells. The aim is to heighten the understanding of the factors involved in intestinal fibrogenesis so that detailed research can be encouraged in order to advance the processes that could lead to effective treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian C Lawrance
- Centre for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Fremantle Hospital, Fremantle, WA, Australia
- University Department of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Fremantle Hospital, Freemantle, WA, Australia
| | - Gerhard Rogler
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Giorgos Bamias
- Academic Department of Gastroenterology, Ethnikon and Kapodistriakon University of Athens, Laikon Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Christine Breynaert
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of General Internal Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jon Florholmen
- Research Group of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Artic University of Norway and University Hospital of Northern Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Gianluca Pellino
- General Surgery Unit, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Shimon Reif
- Department of Pediatrics, Tel-Aviv Souraski Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Silvia Speca
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research-INSERM, Unit U995, Lille, France
| | - Giovanni Latella
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, Gastroenterology Unit, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
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19
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Xue X, Soroosh P, De Leon-Tabaldo A, Luna-Roman R, Sablad M, Rozenkrants N, Yu J, Castro G, Banie H, Fung-Leung WP, Santamaria-Babi L, Schlueter T, Albers M, Leonard K, Budelsky AL, Fourie AM. Pharmacologic modulation of RORγt translates to efficacy in preclinical and translational models of psoriasis and inflammatory arthritis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37977. [PMID: 27905482 PMCID: PMC5131364 DOI: 10.1038/srep37977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The IL-23/IL-17 pathway is implicated in autoimmune diseases, particularly psoriasis, where biologics targeting IL-23 and IL-17 have shown significant clinical efficacy. Retinoid-related orphan nuclear receptor gamma t (RORγt) is required for Th17 differentiation and IL-17 production in adaptive and innate immune cells. We identified JNJ-54271074, a potent and highly-selective RORγt inverse agonist, which dose-dependently inhibited RORγt-driven transcription, decreased co-activator binding and promoted interaction with co-repressor protein. This compound selectively blocked Th17 differentiation, significantly reduced IL-17A production from memory T cells, and decreased IL-17A- and IL-22-producing human and murine γδ and NKT cells. In a murine collagen-induced arthritis model, JNJ-54271074 dose-dependently suppressed joint inflammation. Furthermore, JNJ-54271074 suppressed IL-17A production in human PBMC from rheumatoid arthritis patients. RORγt-deficient mice showed decreased IL-23-induced psoriasis-like skin inflammation and cytokine gene expression, consistent with dose-dependent inhibition in wild-type mice through oral dosing of JNJ-54271074. In a translational model of human psoriatic epidermal cells and skin-homing T cells, JNJ-54271074 selectively inhibited streptococcus extract-induced IL-17A and IL-17F. JNJ-54271074 is thus a potent, selective RORγt modulator with therapeutic potential in IL-23/IL-17 mediated autoimmune diseases.
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MESH Headings
- Administration, Oral
- Animals
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/drug therapy
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/genetics
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/metabolism
- Cell Differentiation/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Disease Models, Animal
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Interleukin-17/metabolism
- Interleukins/metabolism
- Mice
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3/genetics
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3/metabolism
- Peptides, Cyclic/administration & dosage
- Peptides, Cyclic/pharmacology
- Psoriasis/drug therapy
- Psoriasis/genetics
- Psoriasis/metabolism
- Th17 Cells/cytology
- Th17 Cells/drug effects
- Th17 Cells/metabolism
- Transcription, Genetic
- Interleukin-22
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Xue
- Janssen Research & Development, La Jolla, California, United States
| | - Pejman Soroosh
- Janssen Research & Development, La Jolla, California, United States
| | | | - Rosa Luna-Roman
- Janssen Research & Development, La Jolla, California, United States
| | - Marciano Sablad
- Janssen Research & Development, La Jolla, California, United States
| | | | - Jingxue Yu
- Janssen Research & Development, La Jolla, California, United States
| | - Glenda Castro
- Janssen Research & Development, La Jolla, California, United States
| | - Homayon Banie
- Janssen Research & Development, La Jolla, California, United States
| | | | - Luis Santamaria-Babi
- Translational Immunology (PCB/UB), Department of Physiology and Immunology, Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona, Spain
| | - Thomas Schlueter
- Department of Research, Phenex Pharmaceuticals AG, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Albers
- Department of Research, Phenex Pharmaceuticals AG, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kristi Leonard
- Janssen Research & Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania, United States
| | | | - Anne M. Fourie
- Janssen Research & Development, La Jolla, California, United States
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20
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Zhang BB, Liang Y, Yang B, Tan YJ. Association between ATG16L1 gene polymorphism and the risk of Crohn's disease. J Int Med Res 2016; 45:1636-1650. [PMID: 27698206 PMCID: PMC5805181 DOI: 10.1177/0300060516662404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To perform a meta-analysis to evaluate studies investigating the association
between ATG16L1 gene polymorphism and Crohn’s disease. Methods PubMed, Embase and Web of Science databases were searched for all studies
focusing on the association of ATG16L1 and Crohn’s disease.
Combined odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated for four
genetic models (allelic model: G allele versus A allele; additive model: GG
versus AA; dominant model: GA + GG versus AA; recessive model: GG versus
GA + AA) using either a random effects or fixed effects model. Results A total of 47 case–control studies involving 18 638 cases and 30 181 controls
were included in the final meta-analysis. There was a significant
association between ATG16L1 and Crohn’s disease for all
four genetic models. Significant associations were also shown in subgroup
analyses when stratified by study design (population- or
hospital-based). Conclusion In this meta-analysis, the ATG16L1 genotype was
significantly associated with the risk of developing Crohn’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei-Bei Zhang
- 1 Department of Medical Affairs, General Hospital of PLA Chengdu Military Area Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Liang
- 2 Department of Thoracic Surgery, General Hospital of PLA Chengdu Military Area Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Yang
- 1 Department of Medical Affairs, General Hospital of PLA Chengdu Military Area Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying-Jun Tan
- 1 Department of Medical Affairs, General Hospital of PLA Chengdu Military Area Command, Chengdu, China
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21
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Abdollahi E, Tavasolian F, Momtazi-Borojeni AA, Samadi M, Rafatpanah H. Protective role of R381Q (rs11209026) polymorphism in IL-23R gene in immune-mediated diseases: A comprehensive review. J Immunotoxicol 2016; 13:286-300. [PMID: 27043356 DOI: 10.3109/1547691x.2015.1115448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-23 (IL-23) is a regulator of cellular immune responses involved in controlling infection and autoimmune diseases. Strong evidence has shown that IL-23 plays a role in the maintenance of immune responses by influencing the proliferation and survival of IL-17-producing T-helper (TH)-17 cells. The critical role of the IL-23/TH17 axis in immune-mediated diseases has emerged from different studies. It has also been seen that polymorphisms in the IL-23 receptor (IL-23R) gene might influence IL-23 responses. Interestingly, a functional single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the IL-23 receptor gene (IL-23R; rs11209026, 1142 G wild-type A reduced function, Arg381Gln, R381Q) seems to confer a measure of protection against development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD; Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis), ankylosing spondylitis, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, thyroiditis, recurrent spontaneous abortion and asthma, suggesting that a perturbation in the IL-23 signaling pathway is likely to be relevant to the pathophysiology of these diseases. The aim of this review was to provide an evaluation of what is currently known about the protective role of R381Q variant in IL-23R gene in immune-based diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Abdollahi
- a Department of Medical Immunology , School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad , Iran ;,b Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science , Yazd , Iran ;,c Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad , Iran
| | - Fataneh Tavasolian
- d Department of Immunology , School of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University , Tehran , Iran
| | - Amir Abbas Momtazi-Borojeni
- c Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad , Iran ;,e Department of Medical Biotechnology , Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad , Iran
| | - Morteza Samadi
- f Department of Immunology , Shahid Sadoughi University , Yazd , Iran ;,g Reproductive Immunology Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University , Yazd , Iran
| | - Houshang Rafatpanah
- h Research Center for HIV/AIDS, HTLV1 and Viral Hepatitis, Iranian Academic for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Mashhad Branch , Mashhad , Iran ;,i Inflammation/Inflammatory Diseases Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad , Iran
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22
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Salem M, Ammitzboell M, Nys K, Seidelin JB, Nielsen OH. ATG16L1: A multifunctional susceptibility factor in Crohn disease. Autophagy 2016; 11:585-94. [PMID: 25906181 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2015.1017187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic variations in the autophagic pathway influence genetic predispositions to Crohn disease. Autophagy, the major lysosomal pathway for degrading and recycling cytoplasmic material, constitutes an important homeostatic cellular process. Of interest, single-nucleotide polymorphisms in ATG16L1 (autophagy-related 16-like 1 [S. cerevisiae]), a key component in the autophagic response to invading pathogens, have been associated with an increased risk of developing Crohn disease. The most common and well-studied genetic variant of ATG16L1 (rs2241880; leading to a T300A conversion) exhibits a strong association with risk for developing Crohn disease. The rs2241880 variant plays a crucial role in pathogen clearance, resulting in imbalanced cytokine production, and is linked to other biological processes, such as the endoplasmic reticulum stress/unfolded protein response. In this review, we focus on the importance of ATG16L1 and its genetic variant (T300A) within the elementary biological processes linked to Crohn disease.
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Key Words
- ATG16L1
- ATG16L1, autophagy-related 16-like 1 (S. cerevisiae)
- BCL2, B-cell CLL/lymphoma 2
- Crohn disease
- DCs, dendritic cells
- ER, endoplasmic reticulum
- GWAS, genome-wide association studies
- IBD, inflammatory bowel disease
- MDP, muramyl dipeptide
- MTOR, mechanistic target of rapamycin
- NFKB, nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells
- NOD2
- NOD2, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2
- RIPK2, receptor-interacting serine-threonine kinase 2
- SNP, single-nucleotide polymorphism
- T300A, threonine-to-alanine substitution at amino acid position 300
- TNF/TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor
- UC, ulcerative colitis
- ULK1, unc-51 like autophagy-activating kinase 1
- XBP1, X-box binding protein 1
- autophagy
- bacterial clearance
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Salem
- a Department of Gastroenterology ; Medical Section; Herlev Hospital; University of Copenhagen ; Copenhagen , Denmark
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23
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Xu WD, Xie QB, Zhao Y, Liu Y. Association of Interleukin-23 receptor gene polymorphisms with susceptibility to Crohn's disease: A meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2015; 5:18584. [PMID: 26678098 PMCID: PMC4683513 DOI: 10.1038/srep18584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies investigating the association between Interleukin-23 receptor (IL-23R) gene polymorphisms and Crohn’s disease (CD) report conflicting results. Thus, a meta-analysis was carried out to assess the association between the IL-23R polymorphisms and CD. A systematic literature search was conducted to identify all relevant studies. Pooled odds ratio (ORs) with 95% confidence interval (CIs) was used to estimate the strength of association. Finally, a total of 60 case-control studies in 56 articles, involving 22,820 CD patients and 27,401 healthy controls, were included in the meta-analysis. Overall, a significant association was found between all CD and the rs7517847 polymorphism (OR = 0.699, 95% CI = 0.659 ~ 0.741, P < 0.001). Meta-analysis of the rs11209026, rs1343151, rs10489629 and rs11465804 polymorphisms indicated the same pattern as for rs7517847. Meta-analysis showed an association between the rs10889677A allele and CD (OR = 1.393, 95% CI = 1.328 ~ 1.461, P < 0.001). Similarly, meta-analysis of the rs2201840, rs1004819, rs1495965 and rs11209032 polymorphisms revealed the same pattern as that shown by meta-analysis of rs10889677. Stratification by ethnicity revealed that IL-23R gene polymorphisms were associated with CD in the Caucasian group, but not in Asians. In summary, the meta-analysis suggests a significant association between IL-23R polymorphisms and CD, especially in Caucasians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang-Dong Xu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China
| | - Qi-Bing Xie
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China
| | - Yi Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China
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24
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Liu Z, Shen B. Overcoming difficulty in diagnosis and differential diagnosis of Crohn's disease: the potential role of serological and genetic tests. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2015; 15:1133-41. [PMID: 26295589 DOI: 10.1586/14737159.2015.1068121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Crohn's disease (CD) represents a heterogeneous group of chronic inflammatory disorders with various phenotypes. Establishing a definite diagnosis of CD should be based upon a combined assessment of clinical, endoscopic, radiological and pathological features. Although segmental disease distribution, transmural inflammation and non-caseating epithelioid granulomas have been considered as a 'hallmarks' for CD, clear diagnosis of CD in some patients has been challenging, due to overlapping endoscopic, radiographic and histologic features with other inflammatory bowel disease-like conditions. Laboratory markers (serological and genetic tests) may provide additional clues for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of CD. This review focuses on the application of the currently available serological and genomic markers and in diagnosis and differential diagnosis of CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxiu Liu
- a 1 Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangsu, China
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Salem M, Ammitzboell M, Nys K, Seidelin JB, Nielsen OH. ATG16L1: A multifunctional susceptibility factor in Crohn disease. Autophagy 2015. [PMID: 25906181 DOI: 10.1080/+15548627.2015.1017187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic variations in the autophagic pathway influence genetic predispositions to Crohn disease. Autophagy, the major lysosomal pathway for degrading and recycling cytoplasmic material, constitutes an important homeostatic cellular process. Of interest, single-nucleotide polymorphisms in ATG16L1 (autophagy-related 16-like 1 [S. cerevisiae]), a key component in the autophagic response to invading pathogens, have been associated with an increased risk of developing Crohn disease. The most common and well-studied genetic variant of ATG16L1 (rs2241880; leading to a T300A conversion) exhibits a strong association with risk for developing Crohn disease. The rs2241880 variant plays a crucial role in pathogen clearance, resulting in imbalanced cytokine production, and is linked to other biological processes, such as the endoplasmic reticulum stress/unfolded protein response. In this review, we focus on the importance of ATG16L1 and its genetic variant (T300A) within the elementary biological processes linked to Crohn disease.
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Key Words
- ATG16L1
- ATG16L1, autophagy-related 16-like 1 (S. cerevisiae)
- BCL2, B-cell CLL/lymphoma 2
- Crohn disease
- DCs, dendritic cells
- ER, endoplasmic reticulum
- GWAS, genome-wide association studies
- IBD, inflammatory bowel disease
- MDP, muramyl dipeptide
- MTOR, mechanistic target of rapamycin
- NFKB, nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells
- NOD2
- NOD2, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2
- RIPK2, receptor-interacting serine-threonine kinase 2
- SNP, single-nucleotide polymorphism
- T300A, threonine-to-alanine substitution at amino acid position 300
- TNF/TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor
- UC, ulcerative colitis
- ULK1, unc-51 like autophagy-activating kinase 1
- XBP1, X-box binding protein 1
- autophagy
- bacterial clearance
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Salem
- a Department of Gastroenterology ; Medical Section; Herlev Hospital; University of Copenhagen ; Copenhagen , Denmark
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ATG16L1 and IL23R variants and genetic susceptibility to crohn's disease: mode of inheritance based on meta-analysis of genetic association studies. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2015; 21:768-76. [PMID: 25738374 DOI: 10.1097/mib.0000000000000305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autophagy and regulation of IL-23 signaling pathways have been implicated in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease (CD). We studied the mode of inheritance and reviewed the association of 2 polymorphic variants of ATG16L1 and IL23R with CD. METHODS We searched the PubMed and ISI Web of Science databases (up to May 2014) for pertinent articles. We included all studies that had a case-control design, with cases having CD and controls being healthy and reported full genotype frequencies for the ATG16L1 and/or IL23R variant of interest. We quantified the relative genetic risk using the model-free approach of the generalized odds ratio metric (ORG) and reported 95% precision estimates. Also, we explored the mode of inheritance using the degree of dominance h-index. RESULTS Fifty-one studies fulfilled these requirements and were included in the analysis. These studies involved 12,762 patients and 16,735 controls evaluating the association of ATG16L1 (rs2241880 p.Thr300Ala) and 8110 patients and 11,900 controls evaluating the association of IL23R (rs11209026 p.Arg381Gln) with CD. The ATG16L1 variant rs2241880 was associated with increased susceptibility to CD (combined ORG = 1.38; 95% confidence interval, 1.29-1.48) and a nondominant mode of inheritance (suggesting that the effect of heterozygosity lies exactly in the middle of extreme homozygotes, h = 0). The IL23R variant rs11209026 was associated with significant protection (ORG = 0.46; 95% confidence interval, 0.41-0.53) and a recessive mode of inheritance, indicating that the effect of a heterozygous genotype would lie close to the wild-type homozygous genotype. In subgroup analysis, the significant effects persisted across Caucasian ancestry studies and pediatric populations but were lacking across studies in Asian populations. CONCLUSIONS The ATG16L1 variant rs2241880 was associated with 38% increase in the risk for CD for higher mutational load, whereas IL23R variant rs11209026 decreased the risk by 54% for higher mutational load. The mode of inheritance for ATG16L1 variant demonstrated perfect additivity for genetic risk, whereas it showed recessiveness for the IL23R variant. This analysis permits risk stratification for CD based on the mutational status and highlight the need for additional studies in certain populations.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is typically diagnosed at 20 to 40 years of age. However, very young versus elderly patients with IBD may have different mechanisms of disease that may affect prognosis and care. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this work was to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with age of onset of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. DESIGN Patients were genotyped using a custom microarray chip containing 332 IBD-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms. Age at diagnosis as a continuous variable was assessed using linear regression. Patients were then subgrouped by age at diagnosis and compared by the Fisher exact test. Bonferroni correction was used in all of the analyses. SETTINGS This study was conducted at a tertiary academic hospital. PATIENTS Sixty patients with Crohn's disease and 26 with ulcerative colitis were ≤ 16 years old, 259 patients with Crohn's disease and 248 with ulcerative colitis were 17-60 years old, and 10 patients with Crohn's disease and 20 with ulcerative colitis were >60 years old at diagnosis and included in this study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Age at diagnosis and single nucleotide polymorphism correlations were measured in this study. RESULTS The NOD2 single nucleotide polymorphism rs2076756 was associated with younger age at Crohn's disease diagnosis (p = 0.0002). Patients with the AA/wild-type genotype were diagnosed at 31.9 ± 1.23 years, AG heterozygotes at 25.6 ± 0.99 years, and GG/at-risk allele homozygotes at 22.6 ± 1.32 years. Depending on age categories compared, single nucleotide polymorphisms in POU5F1, TNFSF15, and HLA DRB1*501 were associated with age of Crohn's disease diagnosis. No genetic associations were seen between ulcerative colitis and linear age at diagnosis; however, the G allele of the LAMB1 single nucleotide polymorphism rs886774 was found to be associated with ulcerative colitis diagnosed at ≤ 16 versus >17 years old (p = 0.008). LIMITATIONS This study was limited to known IBD single nucleotide polymorphisms. CONCLUSIONS This analysis reaffirms the association between NOD2, a molecule of innate immunity, and early Crohn's disease onset. This is the first report of a possible association between early Crohn's disease and the POU5F1, TNFSF15, and HLA DRB1*501 genes. The LAMB1 gene, associated with mucosal basement membrane integrity, was associated with early onset ulcerative colitis and, thus, suggests a fundamentally different mechanism of early disease pathogenesis in ulcerative colitis versus Crohn's disease.
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Latella G, Di Gregorio J, Flati V, Rieder F, Lawrance IC. Mechanisms of initiation and progression of intestinal fibrosis in IBD. Scand J Gastroenterol 2015; 50:53-65. [PMID: 25523556 DOI: 10.3109/00365521.2014.968863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal fibrosis is a common complication of the inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). It becomes clinically apparent in >30% of patients with Crohn's disease (CD) and in about 5% with ulcerative colitis (UC). Fibrosis is a consequence of local chronic inflammation and is characterized by excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) protein deposition. ECM is produced by activated myofibroblasts, which are modulated by both, profibrotic and antifibrotic factors. Fibrosis depends on the balance between the production and degradation of ECM proteins. This equilibrium can be impacted by a complex and dynamic interaction between profibrotic and antifibrotic mediators. Despite the major therapeutic advances in the treatment of active inflammation in IBD over the past two decades, the incidence of intestinal strictures in CD has not significantly changed as the current anti-inflammatory therapies neither prevent nor reverse the established fibrosis and strictures. This implies that control of intestinal inflammation does not necessarily affect the associated fibrotic process. The conventional view that intestinal fibrosis is an inevitable and irreversible process in patients with IBD is also gradually changing in light of an improved understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms that underline the pathogenesis of fibrosis. Comprehension of the mechanisms of intestinal fibrosis is thus vital and may pave the way for the developments of antifibrotic agents and new therapeutic approaches in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Latella
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, Gastroenterology Unit, University of L'Aquila , L'Aquila , Italy
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Strisciuglio C, Auricchio R, Martinelli M, Staiano A, Giugliano FP, Andreozzi M, De Rosa M, Giannetti E, Gianfrani C, Izzo P, Troncone R, Miele E. Autophagy genes variants and paediatric Crohn's disease phenotype: a single-centre experience. Dig Liver Dis 2014; 46:512-7. [PMID: 24656308 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2014.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Revised: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Little evidence demonstrating the correlation between several single nucleotide polymorphisms and a specific phenotype of Crohn's disease has been reported in children. We investigated the relationship between autophagy genes variants and clinical features in our children with Crohn's disease. METHODS Genotyping for ATG16L1, NOD2/CARD15, and IRGM1 was performed in 80 consecutive patients with Crohn's disease (median age: 11 years; range: 0.7-17.9 years). Crohn's disease location and behaviour were classified using the Paris classification. Additional data were collected from clinical records on patients' demographics, age at symptom onset and diagnosis, extraintestinal manifestations, therapy, clinical relapses, and need of surgical intervention. RESULTS Patients homozygous for the risk allele ATG16L1 (T300A) showed a trend towards switching to a stricturing phenotype during the course of disease compared to children either homozygous for the wild-type allele or heterozygous for the ATG16L1 single nucleotide polymorphism (p=0.01). Homozygosity for the ATG16L1 risk allele was associated with a major recurrence of clinical relapses and earlier introduction of immunosuppressants (p=0.006 and p=0.04, respectively). Heterozygosity for the NOD2 rs2066847 allele was associated with major ileal involvement (p=0.01). CONCLUSION In patients carrying the T300A variant, Crohn's disease follows a more aggressive clinical course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Strisciuglio
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Pediatrics, University of Naples "Federico II", Italy
| | - Renata Auricchio
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Pediatrics, University of Naples "Federico II", Italy
| | - Massimo Martinelli
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Pediatrics, University of Naples "Federico II", Italy
| | - Annamaria Staiano
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Pediatrics, University of Naples "Federico II", Italy.
| | - Francesca Paola Giugliano
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Pediatrics, University of Naples "Federico II", Italy
| | - Marialuisa Andreozzi
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Pediatrics, University of Naples "Federico II", Italy
| | - Marina De Rosa
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology and CEINGE, University of Naples "Federico II", Italy
| | - Eleonora Giannetti
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Pediatrics, University of Naples "Federico II", Italy
| | - Carmela Gianfrani
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Pediatrics, University of Naples "Federico II", Italy; Institute of Protein Biochemistry-CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - Paola Izzo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology and CEINGE, University of Naples "Federico II", Italy
| | - Riccardo Troncone
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Pediatrics, University of Naples "Federico II", Italy
| | - Erasmo Miele
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Pediatrics, University of Naples "Federico II", Italy
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SCOLARO BL, SANTOS ED, FERREIRA LE, FRANÇA PHCD, KLEINUBING H, KOTZE PG, PINHO MDSL. T300A GENETIC POLYMORPHISM: a susceptibility factor for Crohn’s disease? ARQUIVOS DE GASTROENTEROLOGIA 2014; 51:97-101. [DOI: 10.1590/s0004-28032014000200005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
ContextCrohn’s disease is characterized by a chronic and debilitating inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal tract. Several factors may contribute to its development. From extensive studies of the human genome, the polymorphism T300A of the gene ATG16L1 (autophagy-related 16-like 1) has been related to increased risk of developing this disease.ObjectivesAnalyze the role of polymorphism T300A (rs2241880) in patients with Crohn’s disease.Methods238 samples from (control group) and 106 samples from patients with Crohn’s disease recruited at five Southern Brazilian reference centers were evaluated. The genotyping consisted of the amplification via Polymerase Chain Reaction of the genomic segment encompassing T300A, followed by Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism analysis. The amplicons and fragments were separated by agarose gel electrophoresis and confirmed under ultraviolet light.ResultsThe genotype AG was more prevalent among patients and controls (50% vs 44.8%), followed by genotypes AA (26.4% vs 35.1%) and GG (23.6% vs 20.1%). The frequency of the allele G of the polymorphism T300A was higher in the group of patients with Crohn’s disease (48.6%) than in controls (42.4%), although not reaching statistical significance.ConclusionsIt was not possible to confirm the increased susceptibility on development of Crohn’s disease conferred by polymorphism T300A.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Paulo Gustavo KOTZE
- Departamento de Medicina da Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná - PUCPR, Brasil
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Vir Singh S, Dhama K, Chaubey KK, Kumar N, Singh PK, Sohal JS, Gupta S, Vir Singh A, Verma AK, Tiwari R, Mahima, Chakraborty S, Deb R. Impact of host genetics on susceptibility and resistance to Mycobacterium avium subspecies Paratuberculosis infection in domestic ruminants. Pak J Biol Sci 2014; 16:251-66. [PMID: 24498788 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2013.251.266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Johne's disease or Paratuberculosis has emerged as major infectious disease of animals in general and domestic livestock in particular on global basis. There have been major initiatives in developed countries for the control of this incurable malady of animals and human beings alike (inflammatory bowel disease or Crohn's disease). Disease has not received similar attention due to inherent complexities of disease, diagnosis and control, in resource poor counties around the world. However, the rich genetic diverstiy of the otherwise low productive animal population offers opportunity for the control of Johne's disease and improve per animal productivity. Present review aims to gather and compile information available on genetics or resistance to Johne's disease and its future exploitation by resource poor countries rich in animal diversity. This review will also help to create awareness and share knowledge and experience on prevalence and opportunities for control of Johne's disease in the livestock population to boost per animal productivity among developing and poor countries of the world. Breeding of animals for disease resistance provides good, safe, effective and cheaper way of controlling Johne's disease in animals, with especial reference to domestic livestock of developing and poor countries. Study will help to establish better understanding of the correlation between host cell factors and resistance to MAP infection which may have ultimately help in the control of Johne's disease in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoor Vir Singh
- Microbiology Lab., Animal Health Division, Central Institute for Research on Goats, Makhdoom, PO-Farah, Mathura (UP)-281122, India
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly (UP)-243 122, India
| | - Kundan Kumar Chaubey
- Microbiology Lab., Animal Health Division, Central Institute for Research on Goats, Makhdoom, PO-Farah, Mathura (UP)-281122, India
| | - Naveen Kumar
- Microbiology Lab., Animal Health Division, Central Institute for Research on Goats, Makhdoom, PO-Farah, Mathura (UP)-281122, India
| | - Pravin Kumar Singh
- National JALMA Institute for Leprosy and Other Mycobacterial Diseases (NJIL and OMD), TajGanj, Agra (UP)-282001, India
| | - Jagdip Singh Sohal
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 3400 W Casavant, St. Hyacihthe (QC), Canada-J2S 8E3, Canada
| | - Saurabh Gupta
- Microbiology Lab., Animal Health Division, Central Institute for Research on Goats, Makhdoom, PO-Farah, Mathura (UP)-281122, India
| | - Ajay Vir Singh
- Microbiology Lab., Animal Health Division, Central Institute for Research on Goats, Makhdoom, PO-Farah, Mathura (UP)-281122, India
| | - Amit Kumar Verma
- Department of Veterinary Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Uttar Pradesh Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu-Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go-Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura, (UP)-281001, India
| | - Ruchi Tiwari
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uttar Pradesh Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu-Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go-Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura, (UP)-281001, India
| | - Mahima
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Uttar Pradesh Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu-Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go-Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura, (UP)-281001, India
| | - S Chakraborty
- Animal Resource Development Department, Pt. Nehru Complex, Agartala, Tripura-799001, India
| | - Rajib Deb
- Animal Genetics and Breeding, Project Directorate on Cattle, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Grass farm Road, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh-250001, India
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Henderson P, Stevens C. The role of autophagy in Crohn's disease. Cells 2012; 1:492-519. [PMID: 24710487 PMCID: PMC3901108 DOI: 10.3390/cells1030492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2012] [Revised: 07/20/2012] [Accepted: 07/23/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
(Macro)-autophagy is a homeostatic process by which eukaryotic cells dispose of protein aggregates and damaged organelles. Autophagy is also used to degrade micro-organisms that invade intracellularly in a process termed xenophagy. Genome-wide association scans have recently identified autophagy genes as conferring susceptibility to Crohn’s disease (CD), one of the chronic inflammatory bowel diseases, with evidence suggesting that CD arises from a defective innate immune response to enteric bacteria. Here we review the emerging role of autophagy in CD, with particular focus on xenophagy and enteric E. coli strains with an adherent and invasive phenotype that have been consistently isolated from CD patients with ileal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Henderson
- Department of Child Life and Health, 20 Sylvan Place, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 1UW, UK.
| | - Craig Stevens
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK.
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Speca S, Giusti I, Rieder F, Latella G. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of intestinal fibrosis. World J Gastroenterol 2012; 18:3635-61. [PMID: 22851857 PMCID: PMC3406417 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v18.i28.3635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2011] [Revised: 03/26/2012] [Accepted: 04/09/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is a chronic and progressive process characterized by an excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) leading to stiffening and/or scarring of the involved tissue. Intestinal fibrosis may develop in several different enteropathies, including inflammatory bowel disease. It develops through complex cell, extracellular matrix, cytokine and growth factor interactions. Distinct cell types are involved in intestinal fibrosis, such as resident mesenchymal cells (fibroblasts, myofibroblasts and smooth muscle cells) but also ECM-producing cells derived from epithelial and endothelial cells (through a process termed epithelial- and endothelial-mesenchymal transition), stellate cells, pericytes, local or bone marrow-derived stem cells. The most important soluble factors that regulate the activation of these cells include cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, components of the renin-angiotensin system, angiogenic factors, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, mammalian target of rapamycin, and products of oxidative stress. It soon becomes clear that although inflammation is responsible for triggering the onset of the fibrotic process, it only plays a minor role in the progression of this condition, as fibrosis may advance in a self-perpetuating fashion. Definition of the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in intestinal fibrosis may provide the key to developing new therapeutic approaches.
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Stern ST, Adiseshaiah PP, Crist RM. Autophagy and lysosomal dysfunction as emerging mechanisms of nanomaterial toxicity. Part Fibre Toxicol 2012; 9:20. [PMID: 22697169 PMCID: PMC3441384 DOI: 10.1186/1743-8977-9-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 539] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2012] [Accepted: 06/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of the potential risks associated with the manufacture, use, and disposal of nanoscale materials, and their mechanisms of toxicity, is important for the continued advancement of nanotechnology. Currently, the most widely accepted paradigms of nanomaterial toxicity are oxidative stress and inflammation, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly defined. This review will highlight the significance of autophagy and lysosomal dysfunction as emerging mechanisms of nanomaterial toxicity. Most endocytic routes of nanomaterial cell uptake converge upon the lysosome, making the lysosomal compartment the most common intracellular site of nanoparticle sequestration and degradation. In addition to the endo-lysosomal pathway, recent evidence suggests that some nanomaterials can also induce autophagy. Among the many physiological functions, the lysosome, by way of the autophagy (macroautophagy) pathway, degrades intracellular pathogens, and damaged organelles and proteins. Thus, autophagy induction by nanoparticles may be an attempt to degrade what is perceived by the cell as foreign or aberrant. While the autophagy and endo-lysosomal pathways have the potential to influence the disposition of nanomaterials, there is also a growing body of literature suggesting that biopersistent nanomaterials can, in turn, negatively impact these pathways. Indeed, there is ample evidence that biopersistent nanomaterials can cause autophagy and lysosomal dysfunctions resulting in toxicological consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan T Stern
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Advanced Technology Program, SAIC-Frederick, Inc, NCI-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
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Ng SC, Tsoi KKF, Kamm MA, Xia B, Wu J, Chan FKL, Sung JJY. Genetics of inflammatory bowel disease in Asia: systematic review and meta-analysis. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2012; 18:1164-76. [PMID: 21887729 DOI: 10.1002/ibd.21845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2011] [Accepted: 06/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) result from an interaction between genetic and environmental factors. Preliminary findings suggest that susceptibility genes differ between IBD patients in Asia and the West. We aimed to evaluate disease-predisposing genes in Asian IBD patients. METHODS A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed of published studies from 1950 to 2010 using keyword searches in MEDLINE, EMBASE, EBM Reviews, and BIOSIS Previews. RESULTS In all, 477 abstracts were identified and data extracted from 93 studies, comprising 17,976 IBD patients and 27,350 age- and sex-matched controls. Major nucleotide oligomerization domain (NOD)-2 variants in Western Crohn's disease (CD) patients were not associated with CD in Han Chinese, Japanese, South Korean, Indian, and Malaysian populations. New NOD2 mutations were, however, associated with CD in Malaysians (JW1), Han Chinese, and Indians (P268S). Autophagy-related protein 16-linked 1 (ATG16L1) was not associated with CD in East Asians (odds ratio [OR] 0.97; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.84-1.13). Interleukin (IL)-23R was associated with CD in South Koreans (OR 1.8; 95% CI 1.16-2.82) and a single nucleotide polymorphism in IL-23R (Gly149Arg) was protective of CD in Han Chinese (OR 0.3; 95% CI 0.15-0.60). Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily gene-15 (SF15) polymorphisms were associated with CD (OR 2.68; 95% CI 1.86-3.86), while TNF-308 polymorphisms (OR 1.82; 95% CI 1.15-2.9), cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen (CTLA)-4 (OR 2.75; 95% CI 1.22-6.22) and MICA allele (OR 2.41; 95% CI 1.89-3.07) were associated with ulcerative colitis in Asians. CONCLUSIONS Genetic mutations of IBD in Asians differ from Caucasians. New mutations and susceptibility genes identified in Asian IBD patients provide an opportunity to explore new disease-associated mechanisms in this population of rising incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siew C Ng
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
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Lin MJ, Lv XP, Chen L, Zhan LL. Correlation of R702W, G908R and L1007fs polymorphisms of the NOD2/CARD15 gene with susceptibility to inflammatory bowel disease in Zhuang population in Guangxi, China. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2012; 20:1210-1215. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v20.i14.1210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the relationship between R702W, G908R and L1007fs polymorphisms of the NOD2/CARD15 gene and susceptibility to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in a Zhuang population in Guangxi, China.
METHODS: Intestinal tissue samples of 70 Zhuang and 76 Han unrelated IBD patients and 80 Zhuang and 84 Han unrelated healthy people were collected in Guangxi from February 2007 to October 2010. Genomic DNA was prepared from these intestinal samples and used to genotype the R702W, G908R and L1007fs polymorphisms of the NOD2/CARD15 gene by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP).
RESULTS: None of the patients with IBD and healthy controls had heterozygous or homozygous SNP variants. The distributions of genotype and allele frequencies were not significantly different between the IBD group and healthy control group. No significant differences were noted in the NOD2/CARD15 gene R702W, G908R and L1007fs polymorphisms among patients with Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis and control subjects in Zhuang and Han populations in Guangxi (all P > 0.05). Gene mutation genotypes of the NOD2/CARD15 gene R702W, G908R and L1007fs polymorphisms were not found in these populations.
CONCLUSION: R702W, G908R and L1007fs polymorphisms of the NOD2/CARD15 gene are not associated with susceptibility to IBD in the Zhuang population in Guangxi.
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Janssen CE, Rose CD, De Hertogh G, Martin TM, Bader Meunier B, Cimaz R, Harjacek M, Quartier P, Ten Cate R, Thomee C, Desmet VJ, Fischer A, Roskams T, Wouters CH. Morphologic and immunohistochemical characterization of granulomas in the nucleotide oligomerization domain 2–related disorders Blau syndrome and Crohn disease. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2012; 129:1076-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2012.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2011] [Revised: 01/20/2012] [Accepted: 02/07/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Naser SA, Arce M, Khaja A, Fernandez M, Naser N, Elwasila S, Thanigachalam S. Role of ATG16L, NOD2 and IL23R in Crohn’s disease pathogenesis. World J Gastroenterol 2012; 18:412-24. [PMID: 22346247 PMCID: PMC3270503 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v18.i5.412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2011] [Revised: 08/08/2011] [Accepted: 08/27/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease is a group of diseases that includes Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis. CD is characterized as a chronic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract, ranging from the mouth to the anus. Although there are gross pathological and histological similarities between CD and Johne’s disease of cattle, the cause of CD remains controversial. It is vital to understand fully the cause of this disease because it affects approximately 500 000 people in North America and Europe. It ranges from 27 to 48 cases per 100 000 people. There are many theories on the cause of CD ranging from possible association with environmental factors including microorganisms to imbalance in the intestinal normal flora of the patients. Regardless of the environmental trigger, there is strong evidence that a genetic disposition is a major key in acquiring CD. Many studies have proven the link between mutations in the ATG16L, NOD2/CARD15, IBD5, CTLA4, TNFSF15 and IL23R genes, and CD. The purpose of this review is to examine all genetic aspects and theories of CD, including up to date multiple population studies performed worldwide.
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Tsianos EV, Katsanos KH, Tsianos VE. Role of genetics in the diagnosis and prognosis of Crohn's disease. World J Gastroenterol 2012; 18:105-18. [PMID: 22253516 PMCID: PMC3257437 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v18.i2.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2011] [Revised: 04/25/2011] [Accepted: 05/02/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Considering epidemiological, genetic and immunological data, we can conclude that the inflammatory bowel diseases are heterogeneous disorders of multifactorial etiology in which hereditability and environment interact to produce the disease. It is probable that patients have a genetic predisposition for the development of the disease coupled with disturbances in immunoregulation. Several genes have been so far related to the diagnosis of Crohn's disease. Those genes are related to innate pattern recognition receptors, to epithelial barrier homeostasis and maintenance of epithelial barrier integrity, to autophagy and to lymphocyte differentiation. So far, the most strong and replicated associations with Crohn's disease have been done with NOD2, IL23R and ATG16L1 genes. Many genes have so far been implicated in prognosis of Crohn's disease and many attempts have been made to classify genetic profiles in Crohn's disease. CARD15 seems not only a susceptibility gene, but also a disease-modifier gene for Crohn's disease. Enriching our understanding on Crohn's disease genetics is important but when combining genetic data with functional data the outcome could be of major importance to clinicians.
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Tsianos EV, Katsanos KH, Tsianos VE. Role of genetics in the diagnosis and prognosis of Crohn's disease. World J Gastroenterol 2011; 17:5246-59. [PMID: 22219593 PMCID: PMC3247688 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v17.i48.5246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2011] [Revised: 06/15/2011] [Accepted: 06/22/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Considering the epidemiological, genetic and immunological data, we can conclude that the inflammatory bowel diseases are heterogeneous disorders of multifactorial etiology in which hereditability and environment interact to produce the disease. It is probable that patients have a genetic predisposition for the development of the disease coupled with disturbances in immunoregulation. Several genes have so far been related to the diagnosis of Crohn's disease. These genes are related to innate pattern recognition receptors, to epithelial barrier homeostasis and maintenance of epithelial barrier integrity, to autophagy and to lymphocyte differentiation. So far, the strongest and most replicated associations with Crohn's disease have been demonstrated with NOD2, IL23R and ATG16L1 genes. Many genes have so far been implicated in the prognosis of Crohn's disease and many attempts have been made for classification of genetic profiles in Crohn's disease. CARD15 seems to be not only a susceptibility gene, but also a disease-modifier gene for Crohn's disease. Enriching our understanding of Crohn's disease genetics is of value, but when combining genetic data with functional data the outcome could be of major importance to clinicians.
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Kutikhin AG. Role of NOD1/CARD4 and NOD2/CARD15 gene polymorphisms in cancer etiology. Hum Immunol 2011; 72:955-68. [PMID: 21745515 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2011.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2011] [Revised: 05/30/2011] [Accepted: 06/08/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
NOD1/CARD4 and NOD2/CARD15 are members of Nod-like receptor family. They are located in cytosol, bind bacterial and viral ligands and play a key role in realization of innate and adaptive immune response, apoptosis, autophagy, and reactive oxygen species generation. Polymorphisms in NOD1/CARD4 and NOD2/CARD15 genes may shift balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, modulating the risk of infection, chronic inflammation and cancer. NOD1/CARD4 and NOD2/CARD15 gene polymorphisms may be associated with altered risk of gastric, colorectal, breast, ovarian, prostate, testicular, lung, laryngeal, liver, gallbladder, biliary tract, pancreatic, small bowel, kidney, urinary bladder cancer, skin cancer, nonthyroid endocrine tumors, lymphoma and leukemia. The short list of such polymorphisms perspective for oncogenomic investigations may include rs2006847, rs2066845, rs2066844, rs2066842, ND(1)+32656, rs2075820 whereas rs104895493, rs104895476, rs104895475, rs104895474, rs104895473, rs104895472, rs104895462, rs104895461, rs104895460, rs104895438, rs5743291, rs5743260, rs2076756, rs2066843, Pro371Thr, Ala794Pro, Gln908His, rs72551113, rs72551107, rs6958571, rs2907749, rs2907748, rs2075822, rs2075819, rs2075818 may be added to the extended list. Reasons of discrepancies between different studies include confounding host genetic, bacterial, or environmental factors modulating penetrance of variant allele and affecting risk of condition increasing cancer risk, different bacterial impact in aetiology of such conditions, differences in sample size, clinicopathological characteristics, diagnostics, stratification, genotyping methods, and chance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton G Kutikhin
- Department of Epidemiology, Kemerovo State Medical Academy, Kemerovo, Russia.
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