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Hauke M, Eckenstaler R, Ripperger A, Ender A, Braun H, Benndorf RA. Active RhoA Exerts an Inhibitory Effect on the Homeostasis and Angiogenic Capacity of Human Endothelial Cells. J Am Heart Assoc 2022; 11:e025119. [PMID: 35699166 PMCID: PMC9238636 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.121.025119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background The small GTPase RhoA (Ras homolog gene family, member A) regulates a variety of cellular processes, including cell motility, proliferation, survival, and permeability. In addition, there are reports indicating that RhoA‐ROCK (rho associated coiled‐coil containing protein kinase) activation is essential for VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor)‐mediated angiogenesis, whereas other work suggests VEGF‐antagonistic effects of the RhoA‐ROCK axis. Methods and Results To elucidate this issue, we examined human umbilical vein endothelial cells and human coronary artery endothelial cells after stable overexpression (lentiviral transduction) of constitutively active (G14V/Q63L), dominant‐negative (T19N), or wild‐type RhoA using a series of in vitro angiogenesis assays (proliferation, migration, tube formation, angiogenic sprouting, endothelial cell viability) and a human umbilical vein endothelial cells xenograft assay in immune‐incompetent NOD scid gamma mice in vivo. Here, we report that expression of active and wild‐type RhoA but not dominant‐negative RhoA significantly inhibited endothelial cell proliferation, migration, tube formation, and angiogenic sprouting in vitro. Moreover, active RhoA increased endothelial cell death in vitro and decreased human umbilical vein endothelial cell‐related angiogenesis in vivo. Inhibition of RhoA by C3 transferase antagonized the inhibitory effects of RhoA and strongly enhanced VEGF‐induced angiogenic sprouting in control‐treated cells. In contrast, inhibition of RhoA effectors ROCK1/2 and LIMK1/2 (LIM domain kinase 1/2) did not significantly affect RhoA‐related effects, but increased angiogenic sprouting and migration of control‐treated cells. In agreement with these data, VEGF did not activate RhoA in human umbilical vein endothelial cells as measured by a Förster resonance energy transfer–based biosensor. Furthermore, global transcriptome and subsequent bioinformatic gene ontology enrichment analyses revealed that constitutively active RhoA induced a differentially expressed gene pattern that was enriched for gene ontology biological process terms associated with mitotic nuclear division, cell proliferation, cell motility, and cell adhesion, which included a significant decrease in VEGFR‐2 (vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2) and NOS3 (nitric oxide synthase 3) expression. Conclusions Our data demonstrate that increased RhoA activity has the potential to trigger endothelial dysfunction and antiangiogenic effects independently of its well‐characterized downstream effectors ROCK and LIMK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Hauke
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and PharmacotherapyInstitute of PharmacyMartin‐Luther‐University Halle‐WittenbergHalle (Saale)Germany
| | - Robert Eckenstaler
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and PharmacotherapyInstitute of PharmacyMartin‐Luther‐University Halle‐WittenbergHalle (Saale)Germany
| | - Anne Ripperger
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and PharmacotherapyInstitute of PharmacyMartin‐Luther‐University Halle‐WittenbergHalle (Saale)Germany
| | - Anna Ender
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and PharmacotherapyInstitute of PharmacyMartin‐Luther‐University Halle‐WittenbergHalle (Saale)Germany
| | - Heike Braun
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and PharmacotherapyInstitute of PharmacyMartin‐Luther‐University Halle‐WittenbergHalle (Saale)Germany
| | - Ralf A. Benndorf
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and PharmacotherapyInstitute of PharmacyMartin‐Luther‐University Halle‐WittenbergHalle (Saale)Germany
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Eckenstaler R, Ripperger A, Hauke M, Braun H, Ergün S, Schwedhelm E, Benndorf RA. Thromboxane A 2 receptor activation via G α13-RhoA/C-ROCK-LIMK2-dependent signal transduction inhibits angiogenic sprouting of human endothelial cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 201:115069. [PMID: 35525325 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We could previously show that thromboxane A2 receptor (TP) activation inhibits the angiogenic capacity of human endothelial cells, but the underlying mechanisms remained unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to elucidate TP signal transduction pathways relevant to angiogenic sprouting of human endothelial cells. To clarify this matter, we used RNAi-mediated gene silencing as well as pharmacological inhibition of potential TP downstream targets in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and VEGF-induced angiogenic sprouting of HUVEC spheroids in vitro as a functional read-out. In this experimental set-up, the TP agonist U-46619 completely blocked VEGF-induced angiogenic sprouting of HUVEC spheroids. Moreover, in live-cell analyses TP activation induced endothelial cell contraction, sprout retraction as well as endothelial cell tension and focal adhesion dysregulation of HUVEC. These effects were reversed by pharmacological TP inhibition or TP knockdown. Moreover, we identified a TP-Gα13-RhoA/C-ROCK-LIMK2-dependent signal transduction pathway to be relevant for U-46619-induced inhibition of VEGF-mediated HUVEC sprouting. In line with these results, U-46619-mediated TP activation potently induced RhoA and RhoC activity in live HUVEC as measured by FRET biosensors. Interestingly, pharmacological inhibition of ROCK and LIMK2 also normalized U-46619-induced endothelial cell tension and focal adhesion dysregulation of HUVEC. In summary, our work reveals mechanisms by which the TP may disturb angiogenic endothelial function in disease states associated with sustained endothelial TP activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Eckenstaler
- Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacotherapy, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Anne Ripperger
- Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacotherapy, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Michael Hauke
- Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacotherapy, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Heike Braun
- Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacotherapy, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Süleyman Ergün
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Julius-Maximilians-University, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Edzard Schwedhelm
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ralf A Benndorf
- Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacotherapy, Halle (Saale), Germany.
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Eckenstaler R, Ripperger A, Hauke M, Petermann M, Hemkemeyer SA, Schwedhelm E, Ergün S, Frye M, Werz O, Koeberle A, Braun H, Benndorf RA. A Thromboxane A 2 Receptor-Driven COX-2-Dependent Feedback Loop That Affects Endothelial Homeostasis and Angiogenesis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2022; 42:444-461. [PMID: 35236104 PMCID: PMC8939709 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.121.317380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND TP (thromboxane A2 receptor) plays an eminent role in the pathophysiology of endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular disease. Moreover, its expression is reported to increase in the intimal layer of blood vessels of cardiovascular high-risk individuals. Yet it is unknown, whether TP upregulation per se has the potential to affect the homeostasis of the vascular endothelium. METHODS We combined global transcriptome analysis, lipid mediator profiling, functional cell analyses, and in vivo angiogenesis assays to study the effects of endothelial TP overexpression or knockdown/knockout on the angiogenic capacity of endothelial cells in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS Here we report that endothelial TP expression induces COX-2 (cyclooxygenase-2) in a Gi/o- and Gq/11-dependent manner, thereby promoting its own activation via the auto/paracrine release of TP agonists, such as PGH2 (prostaglandin H2) or prostaglandin F2 but not TxA2 (thromboxane A2). TP overexpression induces endothelial cell tension and aberrant cell morphology, affects focal adhesion dynamics, and inhibits the angiogenic capacity of human endothelial cells in vitro and in vivo, whereas TP knockdown or endothelial-specific TP knockout exerts opposing effects. Consequently, this TP-dependent feedback loop is disrupted by pharmacological TP or COX-2 inhibition and by genetic reconstitution of PGH2-metabolizing prostacyclin synthase even in the absence of functional prostacyclin receptor expression. CONCLUSIONS Our work uncovers a TP-driven COX-2-dependent feedback loop and important effector mechanisms that directly link TP upregulation to angiostatic TP signaling in endothelial cells. By these previously unrecognized mechanisms, pathological endothelial upregulation of the TP could directly foster endothelial dysfunction, microvascular rarefaction, and systemic hypertension even in the absence of exogenous sources of TP agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Eckenstaler
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacotherapy, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Germany (R.E., A.R., M.H., M.P., H.B., R.A.B.)
| | - Anne Ripperger
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacotherapy, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Germany (R.E., A.R., M.H., M.P., H.B., R.A.B.)
| | - Michael Hauke
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacotherapy, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Germany (R.E., A.R., M.H., M.P., H.B., R.A.B.)
| | - Markus Petermann
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacotherapy, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Germany (R.E., A.R., M.H., M.P., H.B., R.A.B.)
| | - Sandra A Hemkemeyer
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (S.A.H., M.F.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Edzard Schwedhelm
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology (E.S.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Süleyman Ergün
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Germany (S.E.)
| | - Maike Frye
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (S.A.H., M.F.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Oliver Werz
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Germany (O.W., A.K.)
| | - Andreas Koeberle
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Germany (O.W., A.K.).,Michael Popp Institute and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Austria (A.K.)
| | - Heike Braun
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacotherapy, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Germany (R.E., A.R., M.H., M.P., H.B., R.A.B.)
| | - Ralf A Benndorf
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacotherapy, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Germany (R.E., A.R., M.H., M.P., H.B., R.A.B.)
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Bihari C, Baweja S, Shasthry SM, Lal D, Negi P, Thangariyal S, Tripathi DM, Sarin SK. CEACAM-1 Induced CSF3-receptor Downregulation in Bone Marrow Associated With Refractory Neutropenia in Advanced Cirrhosis. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2022; 10:53-62. [PMID: 35233373 PMCID: PMC8845158 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2021.00331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Cirrhosis patients exhibit cytopenia, and, at times refractory neutropenia to granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), which acts through the CSF3-receptor (CSF3R), and changes in CSF3R can affect the response. We conducted this study to assess the CSF3R status and its relevance in cirrhotic patients. METHODS Cirrhotic patients (n=127) and controls (n=26) with clinically indicated bone marrow (BM) examination were studied. BM assessment was done by qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry (IHC) for CSF3R. Circulating G-CSF, CSF3R, and carcinoembryonic antigen cell adhesion molecule-1 (CEACAM1) were measured. BM hematopoietic precursor cells and their alterations were examined by flow cytometry. The findings were validated in liver cirrhosis patients who received G-CSF for severe neutropenia. RESULTS The mean age was 48.6±13.4 years, and 80.3% were men. Circulatory CSF3R reduction was noted with the advancement of cirrhosis, and confirmed by qRT-PCR and IHC in BM. CSF3R decline was related to decreased hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and downregulation of CSF3R in the remaining HSCs. Cocultures confirmed that CEACAM1 led to CSF3R downregulation in BM cells by possible lysosomal degradation. Baseline low peripheral blood-(PB)-CSF3R also predisposed development of infections on follow-up. Decreased CSF3R was also associated with nonresponse to exogenous G-CSF treatment of neutropenia. CONCLUSIONS Advanced liver cirrhosis was associated with low CSF3R and high CEACAM1 levels in the BM and circulation, making patients prone to infection and inadequate response to exogenous G-CSF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chhagan Bihari
- Department of Pathology and Hematology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, D1, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi, India
- Correspondence to: Chhagan Bihari, Department of Pathology and Hematology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, D-1, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi, India. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5801-9458. Tel/Fax: +91-114-6300000, E-mail: ; Shiv Kumar Sarin, Department of Hepatology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, D-1, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi, India. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0544-5610. Tel/Fax: +91-114-6300000, E-mail:
| | - Sukriti Baweja
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, D1, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi, India
- Correspondence to: Chhagan Bihari, Department of Pathology and Hematology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, D-1, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi, India. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5801-9458. Tel/Fax: +91-114-6300000, E-mail: ; Shiv Kumar Sarin, Department of Hepatology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, D-1, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi, India. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0544-5610. Tel/Fax: +91-114-6300000, E-mail:
| | | | - Deepika Lal
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, D1, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi, India
| | - Preeti Negi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, D1, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi, India
| | - Swati Thangariyal
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, D1, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi, India
| | - Dinesh Mani Tripathi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, D1, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi, India
| | - Shiv Kumar Sarin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, D1, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi, India
- Department of Hepatology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, D1, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi, India
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Braun H, Hauke M, Ripperger A, Ihling C, Fuszard M, Eckenstaler R, Benndorf RA. Impact of DICER1 and DROSHA on the Angiogenic Capacity of Human Endothelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189855. [PMID: 34576018 PMCID: PMC8471234 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
RNAi-mediated knockdown of DICER1 and DROSHA, enzymes critically involved in miRNA biogenesis, has been postulated to affect the homeostasis and the angiogenic capacity of human endothelial cells. To re-evaluate this issue, we reduced the expression of DICER1 or DROSHA by RNAi-mediated knockdown and subsequently investigated the effect of these interventions on the angiogenic capacity of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) in vitro (proliferation, migration, tube formation, endothelial cell spheroid sprouting) and in a HUVEC xenograft assay in immune incompetent NSGTM mice in vivo. In contrast to previous reports, neither knockdown of DICER1 nor knockdown of DROSHA profoundly affected migration or tube formation of HUVEC or the angiogenic capacity of HUVEC in vivo. Furthermore, knockdown of DICER1 and the combined knockdown of DICER1 and DROSHA tended to increase VEGF-induced BrdU incorporation and induced angiogenic sprouting from HUVEC spheroids. Consistent with these observations, global proteomic analyses showed that knockdown of DICER1 or DROSHA only moderately altered HUVEC protein expression profiles but additively reduced, for example, expression of the angiogenesis inhibitor thrombospondin-1. In conclusion, global reduction of miRNA biogenesis by knockdown of DICER1 or DROSHA does not inhibit the angiogenic capacity of HUVEC. Further studies are therefore needed to elucidate the influence of these enzymes in the context of human endothelial cell-related angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heike Braun
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacotherapy, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; (H.B.); (M.H.); (A.R.); (R.E.)
| | - Michael Hauke
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacotherapy, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; (H.B.); (M.H.); (A.R.); (R.E.)
| | - Anne Ripperger
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacotherapy, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; (H.B.); (M.H.); (A.R.); (R.E.)
| | - Christian Ihling
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Institute of Pharmacy, Charles Tanford Center, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany;
| | - Matthew Fuszard
- Core Facility—Proteomics Mass Spectrometry, Charles Tanford Centre, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany;
| | - Robert Eckenstaler
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacotherapy, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; (H.B.); (M.H.); (A.R.); (R.E.)
| | - Ralf A. Benndorf
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacotherapy, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; (H.B.); (M.H.); (A.R.); (R.E.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-345-55-25150
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Circulating levels of CXCL11 and CXCL12 are biomarkers of cirrhosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C infection. Cytokine 2019; 117:72-78. [PMID: 30826602 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The chemokines CXCL10 (interferon ϒ-inducible protein 10 [IP-10]), CXCL11 (Human interferon inducible T cell alpha chemokine [I-TAC]), and CXCL12 (stromal cell derived factor 1 [SDF-1]) contribute to cell recruitment, migration, activation, and homing in liver diseases and their serum levels have been shown to be associated with the degree of liver inflammation or fibrosis in various etiologies. However, the data may be contradictory or insufficient, particularly for CXCL12, in the field of chronic HCV infection. Here, we aimed to provide evidence for these chemokines as biomarkers for chronic HCV infection. METHODS We analyzed the serum concentration of the three chemokines in healthy donors (n = 39) and patients (n = 87) with chronic HCV infection. Chemokine serum levels were compared to the stage of liver inflammation and fibrosis obtained from liver biopsies. RESULTS Serum CXCL10 and CXCL11 levels were higher at advanced stages of liver inflammation than at earlier stages, but the results were only of medium significance. Both serum CXCL11 and CXCL12 levels were significantly higher in cirrhotic patients than those with low or medium stages of fibrosis. The AUROCs were 0.8167 and 0.8574, respectively, for the diagnosis of cirrhotic patients. CONCLUSION These data provide evidence for the value of CXCL10, CXCL11, and CXCL12 as biomarkers of liver inflammation and fibrosis during chronic HCV infection. Serum CXCL10 and CXCL11 levels were associated with liver inflammation, but the level of significance was insufficient. However, serum CXCL11 and CXCL12 levels were elevated in cirrhotic patients, showing equivalent diagnostic accuracy as the existing established single serum fibrosis markers or algorithms.
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Chalin A, Lefevre B, Devisme C, Pronier C, Carrière V, Thibault V, Amiot L, Samson M. Serum CXCL10, CXCL11, CXCL12, and CXCL14 chemokine patterns in patients with acute liver injury. Cytokine 2018; 111:500-504. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text Endogenously mobilized stem and progenitor cells (SPCs) or exogenously provided SPCs are thought to be beneficial for trauma therapy. However, still little is known about the synchronized dynamics of the number of SPCs in blood after severe injury and parameters like cytokine profiles that correlate with these numbers. We determined the number of hematopoietic stem cells, common myeloid progenitors, granulocyte-macrophage progenitors, and mesenchymal stem/stromal cells in peripheral blood (PB) 0 to 3, 8, 24, 48, and 120 h after polytrauma in individual patients (injury severity score ≥ 21). We found that the number of blood SPCs follows on average a synchronous, inverse bell-shaped distribution, with an increase at 0 to 3 h, followed by a strong decrease, with a nadir in SPC numbers in blood at 24 or 48 h. The change in numbers of SPCs in PB between 48 h and 120 h revealed two distinct patterns: Pattern 1 is characterized by an increase in the number of SPCs to a level higher than normal, pattern 2 is characterized by an almost absent increase in the number of SPCs compared to the nadir. Changes in the concentrations of the cytokines CK, MDC, IL-8, G-CSF Gro-α, VEGF, and MCP-1 correlated with changes in the number of SPCs in PB or were closely associated with Pattern 1 or Pattern 2. Our data provide novel rationale for investigations on the role of stem cell mobilization in polytraumatized patients and its likely positive impact on trauma outcome.
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Leitão L, Alves CJ, Alencastre IS, Sousa DM, Neto E, Conceição F, Leitão C, Aguiar P, Almeida-Porada G, Lamghari M. Bone marrow cell response after injury and during early stage of regeneration is independent of the tissue-of-injury in 2 injury models. FASEB J 2018; 33:857-872. [PMID: 30044924 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201800610rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Selectively recruiting bone marrow (BM)-derived stem and progenitor cells to injury sites is a promising therapeutic approach. The coordinated action of soluble factors is thought to trigger the mobilization of stem cells from the BM and recruit them to lesions to contribute to tissue regeneration. Nevertheless, the temporal response profile of the major cellular players and soluble factors involved in priming the BM and recruiting BM-derived cells to promote regeneration is unknown. We show that injury alters the BM cellular composition, introducing population-specific fluctuations during tissue regeneration. We demonstrate that injury causes an immediate, transient response of mesenchymal stromal cells and endothelial cells followed by a nonoverlapping increase in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Moreover, BM reaction is identical whether the injury is inflicted on skin and muscle or also involves a bone defect, but these 2 injury paradigms trigger distinct systemic cytokine responses. Together, our results indicate that the BM response to injury in the early stages of regeneration is independent of the tissue-of-injury based on the 2 models used, but the injured tissue dictates the systemic cytokine response.-Leitão, L., Alves, C. J., Alencastre, I. S., Sousa, D. M., Neto, E., Conceição, F., Leitão, C., Aguiar, P., Almeida-Porada, G., Lamghari, M. Bone marrow cell response after injury and during early stage of regeneration is independent of the tissue-of-injury in 2 injury models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís Leitão
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Cecília J Alves
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Inês S Alencastre
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Daniela M Sousa
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Estrela Neto
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Francisco Conceição
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Catarina Leitão
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; and
| | - Paulo Aguiar
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Graça Almeida-Porada
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Meriem Lamghari
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Jian ZH, Wang LC, Lin CC, Wang JD. The correlation between plasma cytokine levels in jaundice-free children with biliary atresia. World J Pediatr 2015; 11:352-7. [PMID: 25846069 DOI: 10.1007/s12519-015-0023-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND T helper (Th) cell cytokines modulate inflammation and play a role in biliary atresia (BA). The aim of the study is a cross-sectional assessment of the levels of Th cytokines in the jaundice-free post Kasai procedure patients. METHODS There were 40 jaundice-free patients with BA and 28 normal controls enrolled. Patients were divided into 3 groups, including normal liver function, impaired liver function, and portal hypertension. Plasma concentration of Th1 [interferon-γ (INF-γ), interleukin (IL)-2], Th2 (IL-4, IL-10), Th3 [transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)], Th17 (IL-17) cytokines, and stromal cell-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α) were investigated. RESULTS The IFN-γ level was significantly higher in the BA patients with impaired liver function and portal hypertension than controls (P<0.0001 and P<0.0001, respectively). There was a significantly increase of TGF-ß1 in all BA groups compared with controls (P=0.003). The reduction of SDF-1α expression was found in BA groups (P<0.0001). IL-10 levels significantly correlated with aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index (r=0.496, P=0.001). For the cytokine correlations, there were no correlations of Th1, Th2 and Th17 cytokine with the other measured cytokines, but TGF-ß1 was negatively correlated with SDF-1α levels (r=-0.327, P=0.039). CONCLUSIONS IFN-γ and IL-10 are likely to be involved in the disease progression in BA. Besides, TGF-β1 is found to be a suppression marker associated with SDF-1α levels and reduced production of TGF-β1 may be associated with the disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hong Jian
- , Taiwan, China
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung City, 40705, Taiwan, China
- Department of Public Health and Institute of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, 40201, Taiwan, China
| | - Li-Ching Wang
- , Taiwan, China
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung City, 40705, Taiwan, China
| | - Chieh-Chung Lin
- , Taiwan, China
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung City, 40705, Taiwan, China
| | - Jiaan-Der Wang
- , Taiwan, China.
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung City, 40705, Taiwan, China.
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, China.
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11
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Lee SG, Moon SH, Kim HJ, Lee JY, Park SJ, Chung HM, Ha TY, Song GW, Jung DH, Park H, Kwon TW, Cho YP. Bone marrow-derived progenitor cells in de novo liver regeneration in liver transplant. Liver Transpl 2015; 21:1186-94. [PMID: 25761987 DOI: 10.1002/lt.24099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 02/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The study was designed (1) to examine the hypothesis that circulating progenitor cells play a role in the process of de novo regeneration in human liver transplants and that these cells arise from a cell population originating in, or associated with, the bone marrow and (2) to investigate whether the transplanted liver volume has an effect on the circulating recipient-derived progenitor cells that generate hepatocytes during this process. Clinical data and liver tissue characteristics were analyzed in male individuals who underwent sex-mismatched adult-to-adult living donor liver transplantation using dual left lobe grafts. Dual left lobe grafts were examined at the time of transplantation and 19 to 27 days after transplantation. All recipients showed recovery of normal liver function and a significant increase in the volume of the engrafted left lobes after transplantation. Double staining for a Y-chromosome probe and the CD31 antigen showed the presence of hybrid vessels composed of recipient-derived cells and donor cells within the transplanted liver tissues. Furthermore, CD34-expressing cells were observed commingling with Y-chromosome+ cells. The ratio of recipient-derived vessels and the number of Y+ CD34+ cells tended to be higher when smaller graft volumes underwent transplantation. These findings suggest that the recruitment of circulating bone marrow-derived progenitor cells could contribute to vessel formation and de novo regeneration in human liver transplants. Moreover, graft volume may be an important determinant for the active mobilization of circulating recipient-derived progenitor cells and their contribution to liver regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Gyu Lee
- Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hwan Moon
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Je Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic Blood and Marrow Transplantation Center, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yoon Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic Blood and Marrow Transplantation Center, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Jung Park
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Min Chung
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Yong Ha
- Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Won Song
- Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hwan Jung
- Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hojong Park
- Department of Surgery, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Won Kwon
- Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Pil Cho
- Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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12
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Masuya M, Shiraki K, Sugimoto K, Yamamoto N, Yoneda M, Kanayama K, Nishikawa K, Ino K, Tawara I, Ohishi K, Sakurai H, Usui M, Shiraishi T, Isaji S, Takei Y, Katayama N. Splenectomy increases the number of circulating hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells in patients with hepatitis C virus-associated liver cirrhosis. Hepatol Res 2014; 44:E376-E385. [PMID: 24612092 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.12319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Revised: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
AIM The spleen is not believed to contribute to hematopoiesis in healthy adults. However, several reports have demonstrated that the spleen in adults contains a large number of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSC). Although splenectomy increases platelet and leukocyte counts, the effects of splenectomy on circulating HSC have not been elucidated. In this study, we evaluated the association between the number of circulating HSC and splenectomy in patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV)-associated liver cirrhosis (LC). METHODS In 48 patients with various stages of HCV-associated chronic liver disease and seven patients with LC who underwent splenectomy, and 10 healthy volunteers, we determined the numbers of circulating CD34+ cells and colony-forming unit culture by flow cytometry and methylcellulose culture, respectively. Plasma stromal cell-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α) concentrations were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS The numbers of circulating CD34+ cells and colony-forming unit culture decreased but the plasma SDF-1α concentration increased with the progression of liver disease. There was an inverse correlation between the number of circulating HSC and the plasma SDF-1α concentration. The numbers of circulating HSC and platelets were determined before and after splenectomy in seven patients with LC. In these patients, the numbers of circulating HSC and platelets increased significantly after splenectomy and the enhancing effect persisted for a long time. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that the spleen plays an important role in modulating HSC dynamics in patients with HCV-associated chronic liver disease. Our results also imply that splenectomy may improve liver function in patients with LC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Masuya
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
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13
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Abstract
Liver disease is a rising cause of mortality and morbidity, and treatment options remain limited. Liver transplantation is curative but limited by donor organ availability, operative risk and long-term complications. The contribution of bone marrow (BM)-derived stem cells to tissue regeneration has been recognised and there is considerable interest in the potential benefits of BM stem cells in patients with liver disease. In chronic liver disease, deposition of fibrous scar tissue inhibits hepatocyte proliferation and leads to portal hypertension. Although initial reports had suggested transdifferentiation of stem cells into hepatocytes, the beneficial effects of BM stem cells are more likely derived from the ability to breakdown scar tissue and stimulate hepatocyte proliferation. Studies in animal models have yielded promising results, although the exact mechanisms and cell type responsible have yet to be determined. Small-scale clinical studies have quickly followed and, although primarily designed to examine safety and feasibility of this approach, have reported improvements in liver function in treated patients. Well-designed, controlled studies are required to fully determine the benefits of BM stem cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew King
- NIHR Liver Biomedical Research Unit and Centre for Liver Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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14
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Kedarisetty CK, Anand L, Khanam A, Kumar A, Rastogi A, Maiwall R, Sarin SK. Growth factors enhance liver regeneration in acute-on-chronic liver failure. Hepatol Int 2014. [PMID: 26201333 DOI: 10.1007/s12072-014-9538-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Acute-on-chronic liver failure is a distinct syndrome characterized by a rapid progression of liver disease culminating in organ failure and death. The only definitive treatment is liver transplantation. However, there is a possible element of reversibility and hepatic regeneration if the acute insult can be tided over. Exogenously administered growth factors may stimulate hepatocytes, hepatic progenitor cells and bone marrow-derived cells to supplement hepatic regeneration. The proposed review is intended to provide an in-depth analysis of the individual components of hepatic and bone marrow niches and highlight the growing role of various growth factors in liver regeneration in health and in liver failure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lovkesh Anand
- Department of Hepatology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Arshi Khanam
- Department of Research, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Anupam Kumar
- Department of Research, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Archana Rastogi
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rakhi Maiwall
- Department of Hepatology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Shiv Kumar Sarin
- Department of Hepatology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India.
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15
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Parent R, Plissonnier ML, Bancel B, Liao WL, Rumin S, Asaad R, Till M, Sanlaville D, Zoulim F, Trépo C, Marion MJ. Diversity of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Clones Bearing Hematopoietic Malignancies-Related Chromosomal Translocation. J Cell Biochem 2014; 115:666-77. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Romain Parent
- DevWeCan Laboratories of Excellence Network (Labex); Université de Lyon, Lyon Cancer Research Center; Inserm U1052-CNRS UMR5286; Lyon France
| | - Marie-Laure Plissonnier
- DevWeCan Laboratories of Excellence Network (Labex); Université de Lyon, Lyon Cancer Research Center; Inserm U1052-CNRS UMR5286; Lyon France
| | - Brigitte Bancel
- Laboratoire d'Anatomie Pathologique; Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse; Lyon France
| | - Wan-Li Liao
- DevWeCan Laboratories of Excellence Network (Labex); Université de Lyon, Lyon Cancer Research Center; Inserm U1052-CNRS UMR5286; Lyon France
| | - Sylvie Rumin
- DevWeCan Laboratories of Excellence Network (Labex); Université de Lyon, Lyon Cancer Research Center; Inserm U1052-CNRS UMR5286; Lyon France
| | - Remal Asaad
- DevWeCan Laboratories of Excellence Network (Labex); Université de Lyon, Lyon Cancer Research Center; Inserm U1052-CNRS UMR5286; Lyon France
| | - Marianne Till
- Laboratoire de Cytogénétique; Hôpital Edouard Herriot; Lyon France
| | | | - Fabien Zoulim
- DevWeCan Laboratories of Excellence Network (Labex); Université de Lyon, Lyon Cancer Research Center; Inserm U1052-CNRS UMR5286; Lyon France
| | - Christian Trépo
- DevWeCan Laboratories of Excellence Network (Labex); Université de Lyon, Lyon Cancer Research Center; Inserm U1052-CNRS UMR5286; Lyon France
| | - Marie-Jeanne Marion
- DevWeCan Laboratories of Excellence Network (Labex); Université de Lyon, Lyon Cancer Research Center; Inserm U1052-CNRS UMR5286; Lyon France
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16
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Gaia S, Olivero A, Smedile A, Ruella M, Abate ML, Fadda M, Rolle E, Omedè P, Bondesan P, Passera R, Risso A, Aragno M, Marzano A, Ciancio A, Rizzetto M, Tarella C. Multiple courses of G-CSF in patients with decompensated cirrhosis: consistent mobilization of immature cells expressing hepatocyte markers and exploratory clinical evaluation. Hepatol Int 2013. [PMID: 26202037 DOI: 10.1007/s12072-013-9473-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bone marrow-derived cells (BMCs) include stem cells capable of self-renewal and differentiation into a variety of cell types. Administration of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) induces the circulation of BMCs in the peripheral blood. A phase II prospective trial was carried out for evaluation of BMC mobilization induced by multiple courses of G-CSF in cirrhotic patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS Fifteen patients with advanced liver cirrhosis (Child-Pugh score ≥6 points) were enrolled and treated with a 3-day G-CSF course, administered at 3-month intervals for a total of four courses. BMC mobilization was assessed by evaluating CD34+ve cells using flow cytometry. Expressions of multiple hepatic and stem markers were assessed on mobilized CD34+ve cells. Feasibility and safety were explored; clinical and adverse events were compared to those of a control group. Telomere length was monitored to rule out early cell aging caused by G-CSF. RESULTS A significant increase in G-CSF-induced circulating CD34+ve cells was consistently observed, although a progressive reduction of peak values was documented from cycle I to IV (p < 0.005). Mobilized CD34+ve cells expressed both stem and multiple hepatocyte markers, including mRNA of albumin and CYP2B6 (cytochrome P2 B6). Treatment was well tolerated, with no severe adverse events and no significant telomere length shortening following G-CSF. The procedure was safe. Overall, ten patients had either improved or had stable liver function tests (such as the Child-Pugh score), whereas five worsened and died from liver-related causes. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that G-CSF can be safely administrated up to four times over a 1-year period in decompensated cirrhotic patients. The repeated BMC mobilization favors the circulation of stem cells coexpressing hepatic markers and mRNA of liver-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Gaia
- Department of Gastro-hepatology, A.O. Città della Salute e della Scienza, S. Giovanni Battista Hospital, University of Turin, C. Bramante 88, 10126, Turin, Italy.
| | - Antonella Olivero
- Department of Gastro-hepatology, A.O. Città della Salute e della Scienza, S. Giovanni Battista Hospital, University of Turin, C. Bramante 88, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Antonina Smedile
- Department of Gastro-hepatology, A.O. Città della Salute e della Scienza, S. Giovanni Battista Hospital, University of Turin, C. Bramante 88, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Marco Ruella
- Division of Hematology and Cell Therapy, University of Torino, Mauriziano Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Maria Lorena Abate
- Department of Gastro-hepatology, A.O. Città della Salute e della Scienza, S. Giovanni Battista Hospital, University of Turin, C. Bramante 88, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Maurizio Fadda
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, A.O. Città della Salute e della Scienza, S. Giovanni Battista Hospital, University of Turin, C. Bramante 88, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Emanuela Rolle
- Department of Gastro-hepatology, A.O. Città della Salute e della Scienza, S. Giovanni Battista Hospital, University of Turin, C. Bramante 88, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Paola Omedè
- Division of Hematology 1, A.O. Città della Salute e della Scienza, S. Giovanni Battista Hospital, University of Turin, C. Bramante 88, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Paola Bondesan
- Division of Hematology 1, A.O. Città della Salute e della Scienza, S. Giovanni Battista Hospital, University of Turin, C. Bramante 88, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Roberto Passera
- Division of Nuclear Medicine 2, A.O. Città della Salute e della Scienza, S. Giovanni Battista Hospital, University of Turin, C. Bramante 88, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Alessandra Risso
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Manuela Aragno
- Department of Medicine and Experimental Oncology, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Alfredo Marzano
- Department of Gastro-hepatology, A.O. Città della Salute e della Scienza, S. Giovanni Battista Hospital, University of Turin, C. Bramante 88, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Alessia Ciancio
- Department of Gastro-hepatology, A.O. Città della Salute e della Scienza, S. Giovanni Battista Hospital, University of Turin, C. Bramante 88, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Mario Rizzetto
- Department of Gastro-hepatology, A.O. Città della Salute e della Scienza, S. Giovanni Battista Hospital, University of Turin, C. Bramante 88, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Corrado Tarella
- Division of Hematology and Cell Therapy, University of Torino, Mauriziano Hospital, Turin, Italy
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Rennert RC, Sorkin M, Garg RK, Gurtner GC. Stem cell recruitment after injury: lessons for regenerative medicine. Regen Med 2013; 7:833-50. [PMID: 23164083 DOI: 10.2217/rme.12.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue repair and regeneration are thought to involve resident cell proliferation as well as the selective recruitment of circulating stem and progenitor cell populations through complex signaling cascades. Many of these recruited cells originate from the bone marrow, and specific subpopulations of bone marrow cells have been isolated and used to augment adult tissue regeneration in preclinical models. Clinical studies of cell-based therapies have reported mixed results, however, and a variety of approaches to enhance the regenerative capacity of stem cell therapies are being developed based on emerging insights into the mechanisms of progenitor cell biology and recruitment following injury. This article discusses the function and mechanisms of recruitment of important bone marrow-derived stem and progenitor cell populations following injury, as well as the emerging therapeutic applications targeting these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C Rennert
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 257 Campus Drive West, Hagey Building GK-201, Stanford, CA 94305-5148, USA
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18
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Wan Z, You S, Rong Y, Zhu B, Zhang A, Zang H, Xiao L, Xie G, Xin S. CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells mobilization, paralleled with multiple cytokines elevated in patients with HBV-related acute-on-chronic liver failure. Dig Dis Sci 2013; 58:448-57. [PMID: 23095991 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-012-2458-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2012] [Accepted: 10/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies indicate that bone marrow (BM)-derived stem cells contribute to liver regeneration. But limited information is available on the dynamic and mechanisms of mobilization of BM-derived hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) after acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF). AIMS The purpose of this study was to assess the mobilization of BM-derived CD34+ HSCs in ACLF patients, and elucidate the association of stress-induced cytokines in HSCs mobilization and/or liver repair in ACLF patients. METHODS Thirty patients with HBV-related ACLF, 30 patients undergoing chronic hepatitis B, and 20 healthy controls were enrolled. The percentages of peripheral blood CD34+ cells were determined by two-color flow cytometry. The hepatic commitment of mobilized CD34+ cells was investigated by RT-PCR. The serum levels of stress-induced cytokines were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. RESULTS A significant increase of circulating CD34+ cells was observed in ACLF patients. RT-PCR analyses showed that the mobilized CD34+ cells expressed both CD34 mRNA and liver-specific markers including cytokeratin 19 and α-fetoprotein. In parallel with mobilization of BM-derived CD34+ cells, elevated serum levels of hepatocyte growth factor, interleukin-6, stem cell factor, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and matrix metalloproteinase 9 were observed in ACLF patients. CONCLUSION We demonstrated that ACLF led to mobilization of CD34+ cells, which had a hepatic differentiation potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Wan
- Liver Failure Treatment and Research Center, Beijing 302 Hospital, No. 100 Xisihuan Middle Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100039, China.
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19
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Herencia C, Rodríguez-Ariza A, Canalejo A, Naranjo A, Briceño FJ, López-Cillero P, De la Mata M, Muñoz-Castañeda JR. Differential bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells mobilization in hepatectomized patients. J Gastrointest Surg 2011; 15:1459-67. [PMID: 21512847 DOI: 10.1007/s11605-011-1541-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2011] [Accepted: 04/05/2011] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The involvement of bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells (BMHSC) mobilization during liver regeneration from hepatectomized patients is under debate. The main aim of this study was to investigate the role of BMHSC mobilization after hepatic resection in 33 patients with liver disease. METHODS AND RESULTS Mobilization of CD34(+) BMHSC after 72 h of surgery was found in peripheral blood of some, but not all, of the hepatectomized patients. These CD34(+) cells co-expressed other stem cells markers. The patients without BMHSC mobilization showed high levels of circulating and liver tissue BMHSC (CD34(+) cells) previous to surgery. Therefore, two types of patients: "mobilizers" and "non-mobilizers" were distinguished based on the values of CD34(+) cells before and after surgery. Changes in cytokines involved in the hepatic regeneration (HGF and TGF-β), and in BMHSC mobilization process (SCF, SDF-1, IL-12, or MMP-2), were detected in both groups. In addition, a higher activation previous to surgery of the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis in liver tissue was observed in non mobilizers patients compared to mobilizer patients. CONCLUSION BMHSC mobilization seems to be associated with variations in the levels of cytokines and proteolytic enzymes involved in hepatic regeneration and bone marrow matrix degradation. Hepatectomy may be an insufficient stimulus for BMSHC mobilization. The pre-hepatectomy higher levels CD34(+) cells in peripheral blood and liver, associated to the activation of hepatic SDF-1/CXCR4 axis, suggest a BMHSC mobilization process previous to surgery in non mobilizer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Herencia
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba, (IMIBIC), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
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Sasikala M, Surya P, Radhika G, Kumar PP, Rao MS, Mukherjee RM, Rao PN, Reddy DN. Identification of circulating CD90 CD73 cells in cirrhosis of liver. World J Stem Cells 2011; 3:63-9. [PMID: 21860671 PMCID: PMC3158899 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v3.i7.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2010] [Revised: 01/15/2011] [Accepted: 01/25/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To identify circulating CD90(+) CD73(+) CD45(-) cells and evaluate their in vitro proliferating abilities. METHODS Patients with cirrhosis (n = 43), and healthy volunteers (n = 40) were recruited to the study. Mononuclear cells were isolated and cultured from the peripheral blood of controls and cirrhosis patients. Fibroblast-like cells that appeared in cultures were analyzed for morphological features, enumerated by flow cytometry and confirmed by immunocytochemistry (ICC). Colony forming efficiency (CFE) of these cells was assessed and expressed as a percentage. RESULTS In comparison to healthy volunteers, cells obtained from cirrhotic patients showed a significant increase (P < 0.001) in the percentage of CD90(+) CD73(+) CD45(-) cells in culture. Cultured cells also showed 10 fold increases in CFE. Flow cytometry and ICC confirmed that the proliferating cells expressed CD90(+) CD73(+) in the cultures from cirrhosis patients. CONCLUSION These results indicate the presence of circulating CD90(+) CD73(+) CD45(-) cells in patients with liver cirrhosis that have the potential to proliferate at a higher rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitnala Sasikala
- Mitnala Sasikala, Pugazhelthi Surya, Gaddipati Radhika, Pondugala Pavan Kumar, Mekala Subba Rao, Rathindra Mohan Mukherjee, Institute of Basic Sciences and Translational Research, Asian Health Care Foundation, Hyderabad 500082, India
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21
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Francipane MG, Cervello M, Vizzini GB, Pietrosi G, Montalto G. Management of Liver Failure: From Transplantation to Cell-Based Therapy. CELL MEDICINE 2011; 2:9-25. [PMID: 26998399 DOI: 10.3727/215517911x575993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The severe shortage of deceased donor organs has driven a search for alternative methods of treating liver failure. In this context, cell-based regenerative medicine is emerging as a promising interdisciplinary field of tissue repair and restoration, able to contribute to improving health in a minimally invasive fashion. Several cell types have allowed long-term survival in experimental models of liver injury, but their therapeutic potential in humans should be regarded with deep caution, because few clinical trials are currently available and the number of patients enrolled so far is too small to assess benefits versus risks. This review summarizes the current literature on the physiological role of endogenous stem cells in liver regeneration and on the therapeutic benefits of exogenous stem cell administration with specific emphasis on the potential clinical uses of mesenchymal stem cells. Moreover, critical points that still need clarification, such as the exact identity of the stem-like cell population exerting the beneficial effects, as well as the limitations of stem cell-based therapies, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Giovanna Francipane
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology "Alberto Monroy," National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy; †Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Melchiorre Cervello
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology "Alberto Monroy," National Research Council (CNR) , Palermo , Italy
| | - Giovanni Battista Vizzini
- ‡ Istituto Mediterraneo Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta Specializzazione, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center in Italy , Palermo , Italy
| | - Giada Pietrosi
- ‡ Istituto Mediterraneo Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta Specializzazione, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center in Italy , Palermo , Italy
| | - Giuseppe Montalto
- † Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties, University of Palermo , Palermo , Italy
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Zocco MA, Piscaglia AC, Giuliante F, Arena V, Novi M, Rinninella E, Tortora A, Rumi C, Nuzzo G, Vecchio FM, Bombardieri G, Gasbarrini A. CD133+ stem cell mobilization after partial hepatectomy depends on resection extent and underlying disease. Dig Liver Dis 2011; 43:147-54. [PMID: 20688587 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2010.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2010] [Revised: 06/06/2010] [Accepted: 06/20/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone marrow stem cells (BMSC) can participate to liver regeneration. However, conflicting results have been reported on this topic in patients undergoing liver resection. AIMS To assess the impact of liver resection extent and presence of underlying liver disease in modulating BMSC mobilization. METHODS We enrolled 29 patients undergoing liver resection of different extents, 5 surgical controls and 10 blood donors. Circulating CD133+ BMSC were measured by flow cytometry at different time-points after surgery. The hepatic commitment of mobilized BMSC was investigated by polymerase chain reaction. Liver specimens were collected during surgery for histopathological analysis. Hepatocyte growth factor and granulocyte-colony stimulating factor serum levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS BMSC mobilization was found in patients undergoing major liver resection, especially in the presence of underlying disease. Ductular reactions were noted in patients with chronic hepatopathy and the hepatic progenitor-like cells expressed CD133, NCAM, cytokeratin-19, and alpha-fetoprotein. Hepatocyte growth factor and granulocyte-colony stimulating factor levels increased following liver resection and the contemporaneous presence of liver disease was associated with their highest raise. CONCLUSIONS Liver repair is mainly an endogenous process. BMSC become important in case of extensive resection, especially in the presence of underlying hepatopathy and hepatic progenitor-like cells activation. Hepatocyte growth factor and granulocyte-colony stimulating factor seem to be involved in the dynamics underlying hepatic regeneration and BMSC recruitment.
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Piscaglia AC, Campanale M, Gasbarrini A, Gasbarrini G. Stem cell-based therapies for liver diseases: state of the art and new perspectives. Stem Cells Int 2010; 2010:259461. [PMID: 21048845 PMCID: PMC2963137 DOI: 10.4061/2010/259461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2010] [Accepted: 07/04/2010] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Millions of patients worldwide suffer from end-stage liver pathologies, whose only curative therapy is liver transplantation (OLT). Given the donor organ shortage, alternatives to OLT have been evaluated, including cell therapies. Hepatocyte transplantation has been attempted to cure metabolic liver disorders and end-stage liver diseases. The evaluation of its efficacy is complicated by the shortage of human hepatocytes and their difficult expansion and cryopreservation. Recent advances in cell biology have led to the concept of "regenerative medicine", based on the therapeutic potential of stem cells (SCs). Different types of SCs are theoretically eligible for liver cell replacement. These include embryonic and fetal SCs, induced pluripotent cells, annex SCs, endogenous liver SCs, and extrahepatic adult SCs. Aim of this paper is to critically analyze the possible sources of SCs suitable for liver repopulation and the results of the clinical trials that have been published until now.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Chiara Piscaglia
- “Gastrointestinal and Liver Stem Cell Research Group” (GILSteR), Department of Internal Medicine, Gemelli Hospital, Catholic University of Rome, Largo A. Gemelli 8-00168 Roma, Italy
| | - Mariachiara Campanale
- “Gastrointestinal and Liver Stem Cell Research Group” (GILSteR), Department of Internal Medicine, Gemelli Hospital, Catholic University of Rome, Largo A. Gemelli 8-00168 Roma, Italy
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- “Gastrointestinal and Liver Stem Cell Research Group” (GILSteR), Department of Internal Medicine, Gemelli Hospital, Catholic University of Rome, Largo A. Gemelli 8-00168 Roma, Italy
| | - Giovanni Gasbarrini
- “Gastrointestinal and Liver Stem Cell Research Group” (GILSteR), Department of Internal Medicine, Gemelli Hospital, Catholic University of Rome, Largo A. Gemelli 8-00168 Roma, Italy
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