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Xie G, Si Q, Zhang G, Fan Y, Li Q, Leng P, Qiao F, Liang S, Yu R, Wang Y. The role of imprinting genes' loss of imprints in cancers and their clinical implications. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1365474. [PMID: 38812777 PMCID: PMC11133587 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1365474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Genomic imprinting plays an important role in the growth and development of mammals. When the original imprint status of these genes is lost, known as loss of imprinting (LOI), it may affect growth, neurocognitive development, metabolism, and even tumor susceptibility. The LOI of imprint genes has gradually been found not only as an early event in tumorigenesis, but also to be involved in progression. More than 120 imprinted genes had been identified in humans. In this review, we summarized the most studied LOI of two gene clusters and 13 single genes in cancers. We focused on the roles they played, that is, as growth suppressors and anti-apoptosis agents, sustaining proliferative signaling or inducing angiogenesis; the molecular pathways they regulated; and especially their clinical significance. It is notable that 12 combined forms of multi-genes' LOI, 3 of which have already been used as diagnostic models, achieved good sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy. In addition, the methods used for LOI detection in existing research are classified into detection of biallelic expression (BAE), differentially methylated regions (DMRs), methylation, and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). These all indicated that the detection of imprinting genes' LOI has potential clinical significance in cancer diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guojing Xie
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sichuan-Chongqing Co-construction for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qin Si
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sichuan-Chongqing Co-construction for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Guangjie Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sichuan-Chongqing Co-construction for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Fan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sichuan-Chongqing Co-construction for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Testing, Chengdu, China
| | - Qinghua Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sichuan-Chongqing Co-construction for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Leng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sichuan-Chongqing Co-construction for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Testing, Chengdu, China
| | - Fengling Qiao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sichuan-Chongqing Co-construction for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Testing, Chengdu, China
| | - Simin Liang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sichuan-Chongqing Co-construction for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Rong Yu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sichuan-Chongqing Co-construction for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Testing, Chengdu, China
| | - Yingshuang Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sichuan-Chongqing Co-construction for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Testing, Chengdu, China
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Sipos F, Műzes G. Sirtuins Affect Cancer Stem Cells via Epigenetic Regulation of Autophagy. Biomedicines 2024; 12:386. [PMID: 38397988 PMCID: PMC10886574 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12020386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins (SIRTs) are stress-responsive proteins that regulate several post-translational modifications, partly by acetylation, deacetylation, and affecting DNA methylation. As a result, they significantly regulate several cellular processes. In essence, they prolong lifespan and control the occurrence of spontaneous tumor growth. Members of the SIRT family have the ability to govern embryonic, hematopoietic, and other adult stem cells in certain tissues and cell types in distinct ways. Likewise, they can have both pro-tumor and anti-tumor effects on cancer stem cells, contingent upon the specific tissue from which they originate. The impact of autophagy on cancer stem cells, which varies depending on the specific circumstances, is a very intricate phenomenon that has significant significance for clinical and therapeutic purposes. SIRTs exert an impact on the autophagy process, whereas autophagy reciprocally affects the activity of certain SIRTs. The mechanism behind this connection in cancer stem cells remains poorly understood. This review presents the latest findings that position SIRTs at the point where cancer cells and autophagy interact. Our objective is to highlight the various roles of distinct SIRTs in cancer stem cell-related functions through autophagy. This would demonstrate their significance in the genesis and recurrence of cancer and offer a more precise understanding of their treatment possibilities in relation to autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferenc Sipos
- Immunology Division, Department of Internal Medicine and Hematology, Semmelweis University, 1088 Budapest, Hungary;
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Ramírez-Perdomo A, Márquez-Barrios G, Gutiérrez-Castañeda LD, Parra-Medina R. NEUROENDOCRINE PEPTIDES IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF COLORECTAL CARCINOMA. Exp Oncol 2023; 45:3-16. [PMID: 37417286 DOI: 10.15407/exp-oncology.2023.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is the third most frequent neoplasm worldwide and the second leading cause of mortality. Neuroendocrine peptides such as glucagon, bombesin, somatostatin, cholecystokinin, and gastrin as well as growth factors such as platelet-derived growth factor, epidermal growth factor, insulin-like growth factor, and fibroblast growth factor have been postulated as being involved in carcinogenesis. The fact that these neuroendocrine peptides are involved in the development of CRC through the activation of growth factors that stimulate a series of molecular pathways that activate oncogenic signaling mechanisms is emphasized in this review. Peptides such as CCK1, serotonin, and bombesin have been found to be over-expressed in human tumor tissues. Meanwhile, the expression of peptides such as GLP2 has been seen mainly in murine models. The information contained in this review provides a better understanding of the role these peptides play in the pathogenesis of CRC for basic and clinical science studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ramírez-Perdomo
- Pathology, University Foundation of Health Sciences, Bogota Calle 10 #18-75, ColombiaPathology, University Foundation of Health Sciences, Bogota Calle 10 #18-75, Colombia
| | - G Márquez-Barrios
- Pathology, University Foundation of Health Sciences, Bogota Calle 10 #18-75, Colombia
| | - L D Gutiérrez-Castañeda
- Basic Health Sciences Group, University Foundation of Health Sciences, Bogota, Colombia
- Research Institute, University Foundation of Health Sciences (FUCS), Bogotá, Colombia
| | - R Parra-Medina
- Pathology Department, University Foundation of Health Sciences (FUCS), Bogota Calle 10 #18-75, Colombia
- Research Institute, University Foundation of Health Sciences, Bogota, Colombia
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Kasprzak A. Autophagy and the Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF) System in Colonic Cells: Implications for Colorectal Neoplasia. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043665. [PMID: 36835075 PMCID: PMC9959216 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common human malignancies worldwide. Along with apoptosis and inflammation, autophagy is one of three important mechanisms in CRC. The presence of autophagy/mitophagy in most normal mature intestinal epithelial cells has been confirmed, where it has mainly protective functions against reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced DNA and protein damage. Autophagy regulates cell proliferation, metabolism, differentiation, secretion of mucins and/or anti-microbial peptides. Abnormal autophagy in intestinal epithelial cells leads to dysbiosis, a decline in local immunity and a decrease in cell secretory function. The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling pathway plays an important role in colorectal carcinogenesis. This is evidenced by the biological activities of IGFs (IGF-1 and IGF-2), IGF-1 receptor type 1 (IGF-1R) and IGF-binding proteins (IGF BPs), which have been reported to regulate cell survival, proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. Defects in autophagy are found in patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS), inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and CRC. In neoplastic cells, the IGF system modulates the autophagy process bidirectionally. In the current era of improving CRC therapies, it seems important to investigate the exact mechanisms not only of apoptosis, but also of autophagy in different populations of tumor microenvironment (TME) cells. The role of the IGF system in autophagy in normal as well as transformed colorectal cells still seems poorly understood. Hence, the aim of the review was to summarize the latest knowledge on the role of the IGF system in the molecular mechanisms of autophagy in the normal colon mucosa and in CRC, taking into account the cellular heterogeneity of the colonic and rectal epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldona Kasprzak
- Department of Histology and Embryology, University of Medical Sciences, Swiecicki Street 6, 60-781 Poznan, Poland
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Sipos F, Bohusné Barta B, Simon Á, Nagy L, Dankó T, Raffay RE, Petővári G, Zsiros V, Wichmann B, Sebestyén A, Műzes G. Survival of HT29 Cancer Cells Is Affected by IGF1R Inhibition via Modulation of Self-DNA-Triggered TLR9 Signaling and the Autophagy Response. Pathol Oncol Res 2022; 28:1610322. [PMID: 35651701 PMCID: PMC9148969 DOI: 10.3389/pore.2022.1610322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: In HT29 colon cancer cells, a close interplay between self-DNA-induced TLR9 signaling and autophagy response was found, with remarkable effects on cell survival and differentiation. IGF1R activation drives the development and malignant progression of colorectal cancer. IGF1R inhibition displays a controversial effect on autophagy. The interrelated roles of IGF1R inhibition and TLR9/autophagy signaling in HT29 cancer cells have not yet been clarified. In our study, we aimed to investigate the complex interplay of IGF1R inhibition and TLR9/autophagy signaling in HT29 cells. Methods: HT29 cells were incubated with tumor-originated self-DNA with or without inhibitors of IGF1R (picropodophyllin), autophagy (chloroquine), and TLR9 (ODN2088), respectively. Cell proliferation and metabolic activity measurements, direct cell counting, NanoString and Taqman gene expression analyses, immunocytochemistry, WES Simple Western blot, and transmission electron microscopy investigations were performed. Results: The concomitant use of tumor-derived self-DNA and IGF1R inhibitors displays anti-proliferative potential, which can be reversed by parallel TLR9 signaling inhibition. The distinct effects of picropodophyllin, ODN2088, and chloroquine per se or in combination on HT29 cell proliferation and autophagy suggest that either the IGF1R-associated or non-associated autophagy machinery is "Janus-faced" regarding its actions on cell proliferation. Autophagy, induced by different combinations of self-DNA and inhibitors is not sufficient to rescue HT29 cells from death but results in the survival of some CD133-positive stem-like HT29 cells. Conclusion: The creation of new types of combined IGF1R, autophagy, and/or TLR9 signaling inhibitors would play a significant role in the development of more personalized anti-tumor therapies for colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferenc Sipos
- Department of Internal Medicine and Hematology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- *Correspondence: Ferenc Sipos,
| | - Bettina Bohusné Barta
- Department of Internal Medicine and Hematology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Simon
- Department of Internal Medicine and Hematology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Lőrinc Nagy
- Department of Internal Medicine and Hematology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Titanilla Dankó
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Regina Eszter Raffay
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Petővári
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Viktória Zsiros
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Anna Sebestyén
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Györgyi Műzes
- Department of Internal Medicine and Hematology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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Ghafarkhani M, Avci CB, Rahbarghazi R, Karimi A, Sadeghizadeh M, Zarebkohan A, Bani F. Mild hyperthermia induced by gold nanorods acts as a dual-edge blade in the fate of SH-SY5Y cells via autophagy. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23984. [PMID: 34907215 PMCID: PMC8671444 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02697-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Unraveling unwanted side effects of nanotechnology-based therapies like photothermal therapy (PTT) is vital in translational nanomedicine. Herein, we monitored the relationship between autophagic response at the transcriptional level by using a PCR array and tumor formation ability by colony formation assay in the human neuroblastoma cell line, SH-SY5Y, 48 h after being exposed to two different mild hyperthermia (43 and 48 °C) induced by PTT. In this regard, the promotion of apoptosis and autophagy were evaluated using immunofluorescence imaging and flow cytometry analyses. Protein levels of Ki-67, P62, and LC3 were measured using ELISA. Our results showed that of 86 genes associated with autophagy, the expression of 54 genes was changed in response to PTT. Also, we showed that chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) and macroautophagy are stimulated in PTT. Importantly, the results of this study also showed significant changes in genes related to the crosstalk between autophagy, dormancy, and metastatic activity of treated cells. Our findings illustrated that PTT enhances the aggressiveness of cancer cells at 43 °C, in contrast to 48 °C by the regulation of autophagy-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Ghafarkhani
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, 516661-4733, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Cigir Biray Avci
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical Faculty, Ege University, Bornova, 35100, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Reza Rahbarghazi
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Abbas Karimi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Majid Sadeghizadeh
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Zarebkohan
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, 516661-4733, Tabriz, Iran.
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Farhad Bani
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, 516661-4733, Tabriz, Iran.
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Yuan X, Tang WB, Peng L, Chen Y, Tang S, Ge H, Wang X, Xiao X. Elevation of LncRNA ENST00000453774.1 Prevents Renal Fibrosis by Upregulating FBN1, IGF1R, and KLF7. Kidney Blood Press Res 2021; 46:563-573. [PMID: 34614499 DOI: 10.1159/000515624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), a common outcome of various progressive chronic kidney diseases, can regulate and induce fibrosis. OBJECTIVE The study aimed to identify downstream targets of lncRNA ENST00000453774.1 (lnc453774.1) and outline their functions on the development of renal fibrosis. METHODS HK-2 cells were induced with 5 ng/mL TGF-β1 for 24 h to construct a renal fibrosis cell model. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) targeted by lnc453774.1 in TGF-β1-induced renal fibrosis were identified using RNA sequencing. The dataset GSE23338 was employed to identify DEGs in 48-h TGF-β1-stimulated human kidney epithelial cells, and these DEGs were intersected with genes in the key module using weighted gene co-expression network analysis to generate key genes associated with renal fibrosis. MicroRNAs (miRs) that had targeting relationship with keys genes and lnc453774.1 were predicted by using Miranda software, and important genes were intersected with key genes that had targeting relationship with these miRs. Key target genes by lnc453774.1 were identified in a protein-protein interaction network among lnc453774.1, important genes, and reported genes related to autophagy, oxidative stress, and cell adhesion. RESULTS Key genes in the key module (turquoise) were intersected with DEGs in the dataset GSE23338 and yielded 20 key genes regulated by lnc453774.1 involved in renal fibrosis. Fourteen miRs had targeting relationship with lnc453774.1 and key genes, and 8 important genes targeted by these 14 miRs were identified. Fibrillin-1 (FBN1), insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R), and Kruppel-like factor 7 (KLF7) were identified to be involved in autophagy, oxidative stress, and cell adhesion and were elevated in the lnc453774.1-overexpressing TGF-β1-induced cells. CONCLUSION These results show FBN1, IGF1R, and KLF7 serve as downstream targets of lnc453774.1, and that lnc453774.1 may protect against renal fibrosis through competing endogenous miRs which target FBN1, IGF1R, and KLF7 mRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangning Yuan
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wen-Bin Tang
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ling Peng
- The Nephrotic Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yusa Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Shumei Tang
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Huipeng Ge
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiufen Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiangcheng Xiao
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Stefani C, Miricescu D, Stanescu-Spinu II, Nica RI, Greabu M, Totan AR, Jinga M. Growth Factors, PI3K/AKT/mTOR and MAPK Signaling Pathways in Colorectal Cancer Pathogenesis: Where Are We Now? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910260. [PMID: 34638601 PMCID: PMC8508474 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a predominant malignancy worldwide, being the fourth most common cause of mortality and morbidity. The CRC incidence in adolescents, young adults, and adult populations is increasing every year. In the pathogenesis of CRC, various factors are involved including diet, sedentary life, smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, obesity, gut microbiota, diabetes, and genetic mutations. The CRC tumor microenvironment (TME) involves the complex cooperation between tumoral cells with stroma, immune, and endothelial cells. Cytokines and several growth factors (GFs) will sustain CRC cell proliferation, survival, motility, and invasion. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), Insulin-like growth factor -1 receptor (IGF-1R), and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor -A (VEGF-A) are overexpressed in various human cancers including CRC. The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and all the three major subfamilies of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways may be activated by GFs and will further play key roles in CRC development. The main aim of this review is to present the CRC incidence, risk factors, pathogenesis, and the impact of GFs during its development. Moreover, the article describes the relationship between EGF, IGF, VEGF, GFs inhibitors, PI3K/AKT/mTOR-MAPK signaling pathways, and CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantin Stefani
- Department of Family Medicine and Clinical Base, ‘‘Dr. Carol Davila’ Central Military Emergency University Hospital, 051075 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Daniela Miricescu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (I.-I.S.-S.); (A.R.T.)
- Correspondence: (D.M.); (M.G.)
| | - Iulia-Ioana Stanescu-Spinu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (I.-I.S.-S.); (A.R.T.)
| | - Remus Iulian Nica
- Surgery 2, ‘Dr. Carol Davila’ Central Military Emergency University Hospital, 051075 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Maria Greabu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (I.-I.S.-S.); (A.R.T.)
- Correspondence: (D.M.); (M.G.)
| | - Alexandra Ripszky Totan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (I.-I.S.-S.); (A.R.T.)
| | - Mariana Jinga
- Department of Gastroenterology, ‘Dr. Carol Davila’ Central Military Emergency University Hospital, 051075 Bucharest, Romania;
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Gao T, Liu X, He B, Pan Y, Wang S. IGF2 loss of imprinting enhances colorectal cancer stem cells pluripotency by promoting tumor autophagy. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:21236-21252. [PMID: 33173015 PMCID: PMC7695407 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are believed to be the driving force behind the tumor growth. We performed this study to further explore the role of IGF2 epigenetic on CRC stem cells pluripotency which showed that IGF2 LOI CRC cells usually had a higher CD133 expression and sphere forming efficiency than MOI cells. IGF2 LOI CSCs were also found to have a higher level of autophagy than MOI CSCs. Moreover, IGF2/IR-A signal was determined to play a more important role in CSCs formation than IGF2/IGF1R. At last, by using miRNA-195 mimics, we fortunately found the increased IR-A expression might be due to the degradation of miRNA-195 in CRC. In conclusion, our results might reveal that IGF2 LOI could promote CRC stem cells pluripotency by promoting CSCs autophagy. For the degradation of miRNA-195, IGF2 showed a higher ability in interacting with overexpressed IR-A rather than IGF1R which would further activate CSCs autophagy. All these findings might provide a novel mechanistic insight into CRC diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Gao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiangxiang Liu
- Central Laboratory, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bangshun He
- Central Laboratory, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuqin Pan
- Central Laboratory, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shukui Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, Jiangsu, China
- Central Laboratory, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center on Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, Jiangsu, China
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Baicalein Ameliorates Epilepsy Symptoms in a Pilocarpine-Induced Rat Model by Regulation of IGF1R. Neurochem Res 2020; 45:3021-3033. [PMID: 33095440 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-020-03150-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Treatment for epilepsy, particularly temporal lobe epilepsy, is challenging. Baicalein has multiple effects, including anti-inflammatory action. However, little is known about its efficacy in treatment of epilepsy. In this study, we established a pilocarpine-induced rat model and used it for assessment of baicalein efficacy in vivo. We predicted the pharmacological mechanism of baicalein by network pharmacology and RNA sequencing analyses. Pilocarpine epileptic rats treated with baicalein exhibited improved average seizure severity, seizure frequency, seizure duration, and survival time. Network pharmacology and RNA sequencing identified the differentially expressed genes between the baicalein treatment and epileptic groups. Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) was chosen as the top candidate target because of its overlapping findings in RNA sequencing and network pharmacology data. Western blotting, immunofluorescence, and polymerase chain reaction analyses showed that baicalein inhibited microglial proliferation, IGF1R, and inflammatory cytokine expression. Moreover, baicalein improved epilepsy symptoms. Inhibition of IGF1R function by blocking with AXL1717 enhanced baicalein treatment efficacy both in vivo and in vitro. In conclusion, baicalein exerted antiepileptic effects by regulation of IGF1R in a pilocarpine-induced rat model.
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Fadaka AO, Bakare OO, Pretorius A, Klein A. Genomic profiling of microRNA target genes in colorectal cancer. Tumour Biol 2020; 42:1010428320933512. [PMID: 32552466 DOI: 10.1177/1010428320933512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is the second and third most common cancer in men and women, respectively, worldwide. Alterations such as genetic and epigenetic are common in colorectal cancer and are the basis of tumor formation. The exploration of the molecular basis of colorectal cancer can drive a better understanding of the disease as well as guide the prognosis, therapeutics, and disease management. This study is aimed at investigating the genetic mutation profile of five candidate microRNAs (hsa-miR-513b-3p, hsa-miR-500b-3p, hsa-miR-500a-3p, hsa-miR-450b-3p, hsa-miR-193a-5p) targeted by seven genes (APC, KRAS, TCF7L2, EGFR, IGF1R, CASP8, and GNAS)) using in silico approaches. Two datasets (dataset 1 from our previous study and dataset two (The Cancer Genome Atlas, Nature 2012) were considered for this study. Protein-protein interaction, expression analysis, and genetic profiling were carried out using STRING, FireBrowse, and cBioPortal, respectively. Protein-protein interaction network showed that epidermal growth factor receptor has the highest connection among the target genes and this can be considered as the hub gene. Relative to other solid tumors, in colorectal cancer, six of the target genes were downregulated and only CASP8 was upregulated. Genes with protein tyrosine kinases domain were frequently altered in colorectal cancer and the most common alteration in these genes/domain are missense mutation. These results could serve as a lead in the identification of driver genes responsible for colorectal cancer initiation and progression. However, the intense mechanism of these results remains unclear and further experimental validation and molecular approaches are the focal points in the nearest future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adewale Oluwaseun Fadaka
- Department of Science and Technology/Mintek Nanotechnology Innovation Centre, Biolabels Node, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa.,Bioinformatics Research Group, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
| | - Olalekan Olanrewaju Bakare
- Bioinformatics Research Group, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
| | - Ashley Pretorius
- Bioinformatics Research Group, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
| | - Ashwil Klein
- Plant Omics Group, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
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Zhang X, Yu D, Sun J, Wu Y, Gong J, Li X, Liu L, Liu S, Liu J, Wu Y, Li D, Ma Y, Han X, Zhu Y, Wu Z, Wang Y, Ouyang Q, Wang T. Visualization of Ligand-Bound Ectodomain Assembly in the Full-Length Human IGF-1 Receptor by Cryo-EM Single-Particle Analysis. Structure 2020; 28:555-561.e4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2020.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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13
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Lee YN, Chowdhury TA. Diabetes: an Overview for Clinical Oncologists. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2020; 32:579-590. [PMID: 32299722 DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2020.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes and cancer are common conditions highly prevalent in the general population. The co-existence of diabetes and cancer in a patient is therefore not unexpected. Diabetes increases the risk of mortality from cancer and morbidity from the treatment of cancer. Furthermore, many cancer chemotherapeutic regimens increase glucose levels, especially those involving glucocorticoids. Many clinical oncologists will deal with patients with diabetes in their clinical work, and some working knowledge of diabetes diagnosis and management is helpful when managing such patients. This overview aims to summarise the clinical diagnosis and management of diabetes, review the potential links between diabetes and cancer, and provide some practical guidance on the management of hyperglycaemia in patients undergoing cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-N Lee
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolism, The Royal London Hospital, London, UK
| | - T A Chowdhury
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolism, The Royal London Hospital, London, UK.
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14
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Kiruthiga C, Devi KP, Nabavi SM, Bishayee A. Autophagy: A Potential Therapeutic Target of Polyphenols in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12030562. [PMID: 32121322 PMCID: PMC7139730 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12030562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a conserved biological phenomenon that maintains cellular homeostasis through the clearing of damaged cellular components under cellular stress and offers the cell building blocks for cellular survival. Aberrations in autophagy subsidize to various human pathologies, such as dementia, cardiovascular diseases, leishmaniosis, influenza, hepatic diseases, and cancer, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HCC is the fifth common mortal type of liver cancer globally, with an inhomogeneous topographical distribution and highest incidence tripled in men than women. Existing treatment procedures with liver cancer patients result in variable success rates and poor prognosis due to their drug resistance and toxicity. One of the pathophysiological mechanisms that are targeted during the development of anti-liver cancer drugs is autophagy. Generally, overactivated autophagy may lead to a non-apoptotic form of programmed cell death (PCD) or autophagic cell death or type II PCD. Emerging evidence suggests that manipulation of autophagy could induce type II PCD in cancer cells, acting as a potential tumor suppressor. Hence, altering autophagic signaling offers new hope for the development of novel drugs for the therapy of resistant cancer cells. Natural polyphenolic compounds, including flavonoids and non-flavonoids, execute their anticarcinogenic mechanism through upregulating tumor suppressors and autophagy by modulating canonical (Beclin-1-dependent) and non-canonical (Beclin-1-independent) signaling pathways. Additionally, there is evidence signifying that plant polyphenols target angiogenesis and metastasis in HCC via interference with multiple intracellular signals and decrease the risk against HCC. The current review offers a comprehensive understanding of how natural polyphenolic compounds exhibit their anti-HCC effects through regulation of autophagy, the non-apoptotic mode of cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandramohan Kiruthiga
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University (Science Campus), Karaikudi 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Kasi Pandima Devi
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University (Science Campus), Karaikudi 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India;
- Correspondence: (K.P.D.); or (A.B.); Tel.: +91-4565223325 (K.P.D.); +1-941-782-5950 (A.B.)
| | - Seyed M. Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1435916471, Iran;
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA
- Correspondence: (K.P.D.); or (A.B.); Tel.: +91-4565223325 (K.P.D.); +1-941-782-5950 (A.B.)
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15
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Plasma inflammatory biomarkers and modifiable lifestyle factors associated with colorectal cancer risk. Clin Nutr 2019; 39:2778-2785. [PMID: 31883943 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2019.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Chronic inflammation is a leading cause of colorectal cancer (CRC). Inflammatory biomarkers are considered indicators of occult malignancy. To contribute to the investigation of CRC prevention strategies, we aimed to identify associations between inflammatory biomarkers (insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 (sTNFR-2), and interleukin-8 (IL-8)) and modifiable lifestyle factors including body mass index (BMI), prior BMI, smoking status, alcohol consumption status, physical activity, and dietary inflammatory index (DII) score in terms of CRC risk. METHODS In a hospital-based case-control study, we explored the associations of plasma IGF-1, sTNFR-2, and IL-8 levels with CRC risk in 697 cases and 1845 controls. Unconditional logistic regression was performed to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for CRC with the inflammatory biomarkers adjusted for confounders. RESULTS CRC patients had significantly higher levels of sTNFR-2 and IL-8 than the controls (P < 0.001). In multivariate models, the levels of IGF-1, sTNFR-2, and IL-8 were significantly associated with CRC risk after adjusting for confounders (IGF-1 OR (95% CI) = 1.39 (1.02-1.89), P for trend = 0.018; sTNFR-2 = 2.14 (1.59-2.90), P for trend < 0.001; IL-8 = 1.95 (1.43-2.66), P for trend < 0.001, highest vs. lowest quartiles). The biomarkers showed either positive or negative trends when modifiable lifestyle factors were stratified. In particular, the inverse associations of CRC risk with the biomarkers were significant among subjects who engaged in regular physical activity and had an anti-inflammatory diet pattern. CONCLUSIONS Elevated levels of inflammatory biomarkers were associated with CRC risk and could be modified by risk and protective lifestyle factors. Our findings may provide a strategy to identify CRC risk based on the associations between inflammatory biomarkers and lifestyle factors.
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Oral Administration of Microencapsulated B. Longum BAA-999 and Lycopene Modulates IGF-1/IGF-1R/IGFBP3 Protein Expressions in a Colorectal Murine Model. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20174275. [PMID: 31480481 PMCID: PMC6747182 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20174275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The Insulin-like growth factor-I/Insulin-like growth factor-I receptor (IGF-1/IGF-1R) system is a major determinant in colorectal cancer (CRC) pathogenesis. Probiotics (Bifidobacterium longum, BF) and lycopene (LYC) have been individually researched for their beneficial effects in the prevention of CRC. However, the effect of a combined treatment of microencapsulated BF and LYC on IGF-1/IGF-1R/IGFBPs (Insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins) expression in an azoxymethane (AOM)-dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced CRC model have not been demonstrated. BF was microencapsulated by the spray drying technique, with high viability, and daily gavaged with LYC for 16 weeks to CD-1 mice in an AOM-DSS model. The results indicated that BF- and BF + LYC-treated groups had significantly lower inflammation grade, tumor incidence (13–38%) and adenocarcinoma (13–14%) incidence compared to the AOM + DSS group (80%), whereas LYC treatment only protected against inflammation grade and incidence. Caecal, colonic and fecal pH and β-glucuronidase (β-GA) values were significantly normalized by BF and LYC. Similarly, BF and BF + LYC treatments significantly reduced both the positive rate and expression grade of IGF-1 and IGF-1R proteins and normalized Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3 (IGFBP3) expression. Based on intestinal parameters related to the specific colon carcinogenesis in an AOM-DSS-induced model, LYC and microencapsulated BF supplementation resulted in a significant chemopreventive potential through the modulation of IGF-1/IGF-1R system.
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Wang F, Tan YQ, Zhang J, Zhou G. Insulin-like growth factor 1 exhibits the pro-autophagic and anti-apoptotic activity on T cells of oral lichen planus. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 133:640-646. [PMID: 31026523 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.04.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral lichen planus (OLP) is an autoimmune mucocutaneous disease characterized by T cell infiltrating in microenvironment. T cell-mediated immune dysfunctions are of importance in the pathogenesis of OLP. Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) has profound effects on maintenance of immune functions; however, its specific mechanism in OLP remains unknown. This study aims to explore how IGF1 regulates T-cell immune functions in OLP. METHODS IGF1 in OLP lesions was stained by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. Additionally, proliferation, apoptosis and autophagy of T cells were examined after stimulation with IGF1 for 24 h, respectively. Z-VAD-FMK, a pan-caspase inhibitor, was used to explore IGF1-mediated crosstalk between apoptosis and autophagy. The modulation of IGF1 on ERK and PI3K/mTOR pathway was also analyzed. RESULTS IGF1 was increased in OLP lesions and was remarkably co-located with T cells. IGF1 significantly enhanced T-cell proliferation, suppressed apoptosis and induced autophagic flux. Moreover, autophagy was induced by apoptosis inhibitor, Z-VAD-FMK, thereby reducing death of T cells. IGF1 could facilitate Z-VAD-FMK-induced autophagy and then decrease proportion of apoptotic T cells. IGF1-treated T cells also showed elevated phosphorylation of ERK, PI3K and mTOR. CONCLUSIONS IGF1 inhibited apoptosis and promoted autophagy in T cells, potentially contributing to the pathogenesis of OLP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, PR China
| | - Ya-Qin Tan
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, PR China
| | - Jing Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, PR China; Department of Oral Medicine, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, PR China
| | - Gang Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, PR China; Department of Oral Medicine, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, PR China.
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Sipos F, Műzes G. Tumor Biological Aspects of a Large-Scale Retrospective Study: The Role of Tumor Cell Heterogeneity, Inflammation and Aging in Survival. J INVEST SURG 2018; 32:358-360. [PMID: 29370551 DOI: 10.1080/08941939.2018.1424273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ferenc Sipos
- a 2nd Department of Intrenal Medicine , Semmelweis University , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Györgyi Műzes
- a 2nd Department of Intrenal Medicine , Semmelweis University , Budapest , Hungary
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