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van Kleef RS, Kaushik P, Besten M, Marsman JBC, Bockting CLH, van Vugt M, Aleman A, van Tol MJ. Understanding and predicting future relapse in depression from resting state functional connectivity and self-referential processing. J Psychiatr Res 2023; 165:305-314. [PMID: 37556963 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The recurrent nature of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) asks for a better understanding of mechanisms underlying relapse. Previously, self-referential processing abnormalities have been linked to vulnerability for relapse. We investigated whether abnormalities in self-referential cognitions and functioning of associated brain-networks persist upon remission and predict relapse. METHODS Remitted recurrent MDD patients (n = 48) and never-depressed controls (n = 23) underwent resting-state fMRI scanning at baseline and were additionally assessed for their implicit depressed self-associations and ruminative behaviour. A template-based dual regression approach was used to investigate between-group differences in default mode, cingulo-opercular and frontoparietal network resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC). Additional prediction of relapse status at 18-month follow-up was investigated within patients using both regression analyses and machine learning classifiers. RESULTS Remitted patients showed higher rumination, but no implicit depressed self-associations or RSFC abnormalities were observed between patients and controls. Nevertheless, relapse was related to i) baseline RSFC between the ventral default mode network and the precuneus, dorsomedial frontal gyrus, and inferior occipital lobe, ii) implicit self-associations, and iii) uncontrollability of ruminative thinking, when controlled for depressive symptomatology. Moreover, preliminary machine learning classifiers demonstrated that RSFC within the investigated networks predicted relapse on an individual basis. CONCLUSIONS Remitted MDD patients seem to be commonly characterized by abnormal rumination, but not by implicit self-associations or abnormalities in relevant brain networks. Nevertheless, relapse was predicted by self-related cognitions and default mode RSFC during remission, suggesting that variations in self-relevant processing play a role in the complex dynamics associated with the vulnerability to developing recurrent depressive episodes. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION Netherlands Trial Register, August 18, 2015, trial number NL53205.042.15.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rozemarijn S van Kleef
- Cognitive Neuroscience Center, Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Pallavi Kaushik
- Bernoulli Institute of Mathematics, Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, University of Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, India
| | - Marlijn Besten
- Cognitive Neuroscience Center, Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical and Developmental Neuropsychology, Faculty of Behavioural and Social Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jan-Bernard C Marsman
- Cognitive Neuroscience Center, Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Claudi L H Bockting
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marieke van Vugt
- Bernoulli Institute of Mathematics, Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - André Aleman
- Cognitive Neuroscience Center, Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical and Developmental Neuropsychology, Faculty of Behavioural and Social Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marie-José van Tol
- Cognitive Neuroscience Center, Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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Demchenko I, Desai N, Iwasa SN, Gholamali Nezhad F, Zariffa J, Kennedy SH, Rule NO, Cohn JF, Popovic MR, Mulsant BH, Bhat V. Manipulating facial musculature with functional electrical stimulation as an intervention for major depressive disorder: a focused search of literature for a proposal. J Neuroeng Rehabil 2023; 20:64. [PMID: 37193985 DOI: 10.1186/s12984-023-01187-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is associated with interoceptive deficits expressed throughout the body, particularly the facial musculature. According to the facial feedback hypothesis, afferent feedback from the facial muscles suffices to alter the emotional experience. Thus, manipulating the facial muscles could provide a new "mind-body" intervention for MDD. This article provides a conceptual overview of functional electrical stimulation (FES), a novel neuromodulation-based treatment modality that can be potentially used in the treatment of disorders of disrupted brain connectivity, such as MDD. METHODS A focused literature search was performed for clinical studies of FES as a modulatory treatment for mood symptoms. The literature is reviewed in a narrative format, integrating theories of emotion, facial expression, and MDD. RESULTS A rich body of literature on FES supports the notion that peripheral muscle manipulation in patients with stroke or spinal cord injury may enhance central neuroplasticity, restoring lost sensorimotor function. These neuroplastic effects suggest that FES may be a promising innovative intervention for psychiatric disorders of disrupted brain connectivity, such as MDD. Recent pilot data on repetitive FES applied to the facial muscles in healthy participants and patients with MDD show early promise, suggesting that FES may attenuate the negative interoceptive bias associated with MDD by enhancing positive facial feedback. Neurobiologically, the amygdala and nodes of the emotion-to-motor transformation loop may serve as potential neural targets for facial FES in MDD, as they integrate proprioceptive and interoceptive inputs from muscles of facial expression and fine-tune their motor output in line with socio-emotional context. CONCLUSIONS Manipulating facial muscles may represent a mechanistically novel treatment strategy for MDD and other disorders of disrupted brain connectivity that is worthy of investigation in phase II/III trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya Demchenko
- Interventional Psychiatry Program, Mental Health and Addictions Service, St. Michael's Hospital - Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5B 1M4, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Naaz Desai
- Krembil Research Institute - University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5T 0S8, Canada
- KITE, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute - University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 2A2, Canada
| | - Stephanie N Iwasa
- KITE, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute - University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 2A2, Canada
- CRANIA, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Fatemeh Gholamali Nezhad
- Interventional Psychiatry Program, Mental Health and Addictions Service, St. Michael's Hospital - Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5B 1M4, Canada
| | - José Zariffa
- KITE, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute - University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 2A2, Canada
- CRANIA, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C4, Canada
- Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 1V7, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Applied Science & Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E2, Canada
- The Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Faculty of Applied Science & Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Sidney H Kennedy
- Interventional Psychiatry Program, Mental Health and Addictions Service, St. Michael's Hospital - Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5B 1M4, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Nicholas O Rule
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts & Science , University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G3, Canada
| | - Jeffrey F Cohn
- Department of Psychology, Kenneth P. Dietrich School of Arts & Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Milos R Popovic
- Institute of Medical Science, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
- KITE, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute - University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 2A2, Canada
- CRANIA, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C4, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Applied Science & Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E2, Canada
- The Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Faculty of Applied Science & Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Benoit H Mulsant
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, M6J 1H4, Canada
| | - Venkat Bhat
- Interventional Psychiatry Program, Mental Health and Addictions Service, St. Michael's Hospital - Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5B 1M4, Canada.
- Institute of Medical Science, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.
- Krembil Research Institute - University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5T 0S8, Canada.
- KITE, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute - University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 2A2, Canada.
- CRANIA, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C4, Canada.
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada.
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Gul H, Torun YT, Cakmak FH, Gul A. Facial emotion recognition in adolescent depression: The role of childhood traumas, emotion regulation difficulties, alexithymia and empathy. Indian J Psychiatry 2023; 65:443-452. [PMID: 37325105 PMCID: PMC10263086 DOI: 10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_284_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Facial emotion recognition (FER) is crucial for effective social competency, and problems in this skill are linked depression during adolescence. In this study, we aimed to find the rates of FER accuracy for negative (fearful, sad, angry, disgusted), positive (happy, surprised), and neutral emotions, and the possible predictors of FER skill for most confusing emotions. Subjects and Methods A total of 67 drug-naive adolescents with depression (11 boys, 56 girls; 11-17 years) were recruited for the study. The facial emotion recognition test, childhood trauma questionnaire and basic empathy, difficulty of emotion regulation, and Toronto alexithymia scales were used. Results The analysis demonstrated that adolescents have more difficulties in recognizing negative emotions when compared the positive ones. The most confusing emotion is fear (39.8% of fear was recognized as surprise). Boys have lower fear recognition skill than girls and higher childhood emotional abuse, physical abuse, emotional neglect, and difficulty in describing feelings to predict lower fear recognition skill. For sadness recognition skill, emotional neglect, difficulty in describing feelings, and depression severity were the negative predictors. Emotional empathy has a positive effect on disgust recognition skill. Conclusion Our findings demonstrated that impairment of FER skill for negative emotions is associated with childhood traumas, emotion regulation difficulties, alexithymia, and empathy symptoms in adolescent depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesna Gul
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychiatry, Ufuk University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Tas Torun
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Gazi University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Fatma Hulya Cakmak
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Sami Ulus Research and Training Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Gul
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychiatry, Ufuk University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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Edalati H, Afzali MH, Spinney S, Bourque J, Dagher A, Conrod PJ. A longitudinal mediation study of peer victimization and resting-state functional connectivity as predictors of development of adolescent psychopathology. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1099772. [PMID: 37032939 PMCID: PMC10076669 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1099772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Peer victimization (PV) is associated with alterations in neural responses in regions subserving emotional regulatory processes and with increased risk of psychopathology during adolescence. The present study examined the longitudinal mediating effects of resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) between adolescent PV and subsequent internalizing (depression and anxiety), and externalizing (conduct and hyperactivity/inattention) symptoms. Methods 151 adolescents (baseline mean age 12-14; 54% males) were assessed and imaged three times during a five-year period. We focused on rsFC of a priori determined Regions-of-Interest (ROIs) guided by the literature (i.e., amygdala, anterior and posterior insula, anterior cingulate cortex, and medial prefrontal cortex). Multilevel mediation (MLM) analyses simultaneously examined the between-person, concurrent within-person, and lagged within-person associations between PV and internalizing/externalizing symptoms through changes in couplings of the amygdala with the other four ROIs. All models controlled for the effects of self-reported childhood maltreatment and sex differences. Results An increased rsFC of the amygdala-posterior insula significantly mediated the lagged within-person association of PV and internalizing symptoms (β = 0.144; 95% CI [0.018, 0.332]). This effect was significant regardless of childhood maltreatment, concurrent externalizing symptoms, and sex differences. The rsFC did not mediate the relationship between PV and externalizing symptoms. Conclusions Results of this study suggest that adolescent PV may lead to long-lasting maladaptive neural communication between emotional response and sensory perception of pain (i.e., bottom-up emotion regulation) and that these neural responses may serve as unique markers for increased internalizing symptoms that appear in later adolescence in peer-victimized youth. These findings have implications for interventions targeting internalizing symptoms in victimized adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanie Edalati
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mohammad H. Afzali
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sean Spinney
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Josiane Bourque
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Alain Dagher
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Patricia J. Conrod
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Patricia J. Conrod,
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Anticipatory cues in emotional processing shift the activation of a combined salience sensorimotor functional network in drug-naïve depressed patients. J Affect Disord 2023; 320:509-516. [PMID: 36206887 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.09.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder is characterized by a large-scale brain network dysfunction, contributing to impairments in cognitive and affective functioning. Core regions of default mode, limbic and salience networks are also impaired in emotional processing and anticipation. This study aimed to explore default mode, salience, and limbic networks modulation during the processing of emotional stimuli with and without anticipatory cues in depression, and further investigate how these networks were functionally coupled with the rest of the brain. METHODS Twenty-one drug-naïve depressed patients and 15 matched controls were included in the study. All participants completed a psychological assessment and the affective pictures paradigm during an fMRI acquisition. Group independent component analysis and psychophysiological interactions analyses were performed. RESULTS A significant interaction between Cue, Valence and Group was found for the salience/sensorimotor network. When processing uncued emotional stimuli, patients showed increased activation of this network for negative vs. neutral pictures, whereas when anticipatory cues were displayed previously to the picture presentation, they invert this pattern of activation (hyperactivating the salience/sensorimotor network for positive vs. neutral pictures). Patients showed increased functional connectivity between the salience/sensorimotor network and the left amygdala as well as the right inferior parietal lobule compared to controls when processing uncued negative pictures. LIMITATIONS The sample size was modest, and the salience/sensorimotor network included regions not typically identified as part of salience network. Thus, this study should be replicated to further interpret the results. CONCLUSIONS Anticipatory cues shift the pattern of activation of the salience/sensorimotor network in drug-naïve depressed patients.
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Lin Z, Xu X, Wang T, Huang Z, Wang G. Abnormal regional homogeneity and functional connectivity in major depressive disorder patients with long-term remission: An exploratory study. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2022; 327:111557. [PMID: 36327866 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2022.111557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This study was the first to explore whether abnormal spontaneous neuronal activities exist in patients in the long-term remission stage of major depressive disorder (MDD). We recruited 34 MDD patients (PTs) and 30 sex- and age-matched healthy controls (HCs). Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) was employed to scan all subjects' brain regions, and independent two-sample t-test was used for regional homogeneity (ReHo) and functional connectivity (FC) analysis. Compared with the HCs, the ReHo of PTs increased in the right superior frontal gyrus and left middle frontal gyrus, and decreased in the right anterior and collateral cingulate gyrus, right middle frontal gyrus, right inferior parietal lobule. The cingulate gyrus as a mask showed that FC of the cingulate gyrus with the bilateral lingual gyrus and the right middle temporal gyrus decreased, and FC with the left supper frontal gyrus increased. The correlation analysis revealed no significant correlation between the abnormal ReHo and HAMD-24 scores in PTs. The ReHo of inferior parietal lobule and the duration of remission were positively correlated. We concluded that the spontaneous neuronal activities might be disrupted in MDD patients in the long-term remission stage. Our findings provided new reasons for MDD relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zouqing Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, Wuxi Mental Health Center, Wuxi, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, Wuxi Mental Health Center, Wuxi, China; Department of Psychiatry, Wuxi Hospital of traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuxi, China.
| | - Tenglong Wang
- Department of geriatric psychiatry, Wuxi Mental Health Center, Wuxi, China.
| | | | - Guoqiang Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Wuxi Mental Health Center, Wuxi, China.
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Schiffer F, Khan A, Ohashi K, Hernandez Garcia LC, Anderson CM, Nickerson LD, Teicher MH. Individual Differences in Hemispheric Emotional Valence by Computerized Test Correlate with Lateralized Differences in Nucleus Accumbens, Hippocampal and Amygdala Volumes. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2022; 15:1371-1384. [PMID: 35673325 PMCID: PMC9167593 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s357138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Conventional theories of hemispheric emotional valence (HEV) postulate fixed hemispheric differences in emotional processing. Schiffer’s dual brain psychology proposes that there are prominent individual differences with a substantial subset showing a reversed laterality pattern. He further proposed that hemispheric differences were more akin to differences in personality than in emotional processing. This theory is supported by findings that unilateral treatments, such as transcranial magnetic stimulation, are effective if they accurately target individual differences in laterality. The aim of this paper was to assess if a computer test of hemispheric emotional valence (CTHEV) could effectively identify individual differences in HEV and to ascertain if these individual differences were associated with underlying differences in brain structure and connectivity. Patients and Methods The CTHEV was administered to 50 (18 male/32 female) right-handed participants, aged 18–19 years, enrolled in a study assessing the neurobiological effects of childhood maltreatment. Based on a literature review, we determined whether CTHEV correlated with lateralized volumes of the nucleus accumbens, amygdala, hippocampus, and subgenual anterior cingulate as well as volume of the corpus callosum. Results CTHEV scores correlated with laterality indices of the nucleus accumbens (p = 0.00016), amygdala (p = 0.0138) and hippocampus (p = 0.031). A positive left hemispheric valence was associated with a larger left-sided nucleus accumbens and hippocampus and a smaller left amygdala. We identified four eigenvector network centrality DTI measures that predict CTHEV, most notably the left amygdala, and found that CTHEV results correlated with total and segment-specific corpus callosal volumes. Conclusion Individual differences in HEV can be readily assessed by computer test and correlate with differences in brain structure and connectivity that could provide a mechanistic understanding. These findings provide further support for a revised understanding of HEV and provide a tool that could be used to guide lateralized brain treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredric Schiffer
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Developmental Biopsychiatry Research Program, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
- Correspondence: Fredric Schiffer, Developmental Biopsychiatry Research Program, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA, Tel +1 617 855 2970, Fax +1 617 855 3712, Email
| | - Alaptagin Khan
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Developmental Biopsychiatry Research Program, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Kyoko Ohashi
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Developmental Biopsychiatry Research Program, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Laura C Hernandez Garcia
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Developmental Biopsychiatry Research Program, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Carl M Anderson
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Developmental Biopsychiatry Research Program, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Lisa D Nickerson
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Martin H Teicher
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Developmental Biopsychiatry Research Program, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
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Den Ouden L, Suo C, Albertella L, Greenwood LM, Lee RSC, Fontenelle LF, Parkes L, Tiego J, Chamberlain SR, Richardson K, Segrave R, Yücel M. Transdiagnostic phenotypes of compulsive behavior and associations with psychological, cognitive, and neurobiological affective processing. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:10. [PMID: 35013101 PMCID: PMC8748429 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01773-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Compulsivity is a poorly understood transdiagnostic construct thought to underlie multiple disorders, including obsessive-compulsive disorder, addictions, and binge eating. Our current understanding of the causes of compulsive behavior remains primarily based on investigations into specific diagnostic categories or findings relying on one or two laboratory measures to explain complex phenotypic variance. This proof-of-concept study drew on a heterogeneous sample of community-based individuals (N = 45; 18-45 years; 25 female) exhibiting compulsive behavioral patterns in alcohol use, eating, cleaning, checking, or symmetry. Data-driven statistical modeling of multidimensional markers was utilized to identify homogeneous subtypes that were independent of traditional clinical phenomenology. Markers were based on well-defined measures of affective processing and included psychological assessment of compulsivity, behavioral avoidance, and stress, neurocognitive assessment of reward vs. punishment learning, and biological assessment of the cortisol awakening response. The neurobiological validity of the subtypes was assessed using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Statistical modeling identified three stable, distinct subtypes of compulsivity and affective processing, which we labeled "Compulsive Non-Avoidant", "Compulsive Reactive" and "Compulsive Stressed". They differed meaningfully on validation measures of mood, intolerance of uncertainty, and urgency. Most importantly, subtypes captured neurobiological variance on amygdala-based resting-state functional connectivity, suggesting they were valid representations of underlying neurobiology and highlighting the relevance of emotion-related brain networks in compulsive behavior. Although independent larger samples are needed to confirm the stability of subtypes, these data offer an integrated understanding of how different systems may interact in compulsive behavior and provide new considerations for guiding tailored intervention decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Den Ouden
- BrainPark, The Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Biomedical Imaging Facility, Monash University, Clayton, Australia.
| | - Chao Suo
- BrainPark, The Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Biomedical Imaging Facility, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Lucy Albertella
- BrainPark, The Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Biomedical Imaging Facility, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Lisa-Marie Greenwood
- BrainPark, The Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Biomedical Imaging Facility, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
- Research School of Psychology, ANU College of Health and Medicine, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Rico S C Lee
- BrainPark, The Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Biomedical Imaging Facility, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Leonardo F Fontenelle
- BrainPark, The Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Biomedical Imaging Facility, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education and Anxiety, Obsessive, Compulsive Research Program, Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Linden Parkes
- BrainPark, The Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Biomedical Imaging Facility, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering & Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Jeggan Tiego
- Neural Systems and Behaviour Lab, The Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Biomedical Imaging Facility, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Samuel R Chamberlain
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Southern Health NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Karyn Richardson
- BrainPark, The Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Biomedical Imaging Facility, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Rebecca Segrave
- BrainPark, The Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Biomedical Imaging Facility, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Murat Yücel
- BrainPark, The Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Biomedical Imaging Facility, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
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Langenecker SA, Westlund Schreiner M, Thomas LR, Bessette KL, DelDonno SR, Jenkins LM, Easter RE, Stange JP, Pocius SL, Dillahunt A, Love TM, Phan KL, Koppelmans V, Paulus M, Lindquist MA, Caffo B, Mickey BJ, Welsh RC. Using Network Parcels and Resting-State Networks to Estimate Correlates of Mood Disorder and Related Research Domain Criteria Constructs of Reward Responsiveness and Inhibitory Control. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2022; 7:76-84. [PMID: 34271215 PMCID: PMC8748287 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2021.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resting-state graph-based network edges can be powerful tools for identification of mood disorders. We address whether these edges can be integrated with Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) constructs for accurate identification of mood disorder-related markers, while minimizing active symptoms of disease. METHODS We compared 132 individuals with currently remitted or euthymic mood disorder with 65 healthy comparison participants, ages 18-30 years. Subsets of smaller brain parcels, combined into three prominent networks and one network of parcels overlapping across these networks, were used to compare edge differences between groups. Consistent with the RDoC framework, we evaluated individual differences with performance measure regressors of inhibitory control and reward responsivity. Within an omnibus regression model, we predicted edges related to diagnostic group membership, performance within both RDoC domains, and relevant interactions. RESULTS There were several edges of mood disorder group, predominantly of greater connectivity across networks, different than those related to individual differences in inhibitory control and reward responsivity. Edges related to diagnosis and inhibitory control did not align well with prior literature, whereas edges in relation to reward responsivity constructs showed greater alignment with prior literature. Those edges in interaction between RDoC constructs and diagnosis showed a divergence for inhibitory control (negative interactions in default mode) relative to reward (positive interactions with salience and emotion network). CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, there is evidence that prior simple network models of mood disorders are currently of insufficient biological or diagnostic clarity or that parcel-based edges may be insufficiently sensitive for these purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Leah R Thomas
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; Department of Psychology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Katie L Bessette
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; Department of Psychiatry & Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Sophia R DelDonno
- Department of Psychiatry & Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Lisanne M Jenkins
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
| | - Rebecca E Easter
- Department of Psychiatry & Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jonathan P Stange
- Department of Psychiatry & Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | | | - Alina Dillahunt
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Tiffany M Love
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - K Luan Phan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | | | - Martin Paulus
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, Oklahoma
| | | | - Brian Caffo
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Brian J Mickey
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Robert C Welsh
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
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10
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Morris TP, Chaddock-Heyman L, Ai M, Anteraper SA, Castañon AN, Whitfield-Gabrieli S, Hillman CH, McAuley E, Kramer AF. Enriching activities during childhood are associated with variations in functional connectivity patterns later in life. Neurobiol Aging 2021; 104:92-101. [PMID: 33984626 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2021.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Enriching early life experiences (e.g., sport, art, music, volunteering, language learning) during a critical period of brain development may promote structural and functional brain changes that are still present decades later (>60 years). We assessed whether a greater variety of enriching early life activities (EELA) before age 13 years were associated with individual differences in cortical and subcortical (hippocampus and amygdala) structure and function later in life (older adults aged 60-80 years). Results indicated no association between EELA and amygdala and hippocampus volumes, but higher functional connectivity between the amygdala and the insula was associated with more variety of EELA. EELA was not associated with cortical thickness controlling for sex, but sex-specific associations with the right pars opercularis were found. EELA was further associated with variations in functional connectivity patterns of the orbitofrontal cortex, driven by connecitivty to regions within the visual, somatosensory and limbic networks. Early life enriching activities appear to contribute to potential mechanisms of cognitive reserve (functional processes) more so than brain reserve (structure) later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy P Morris
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Laura Chaddock-Heyman
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA; Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Meishan Ai
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Susan Whitfield-Gabrieli
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA; McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Charles H Hillman
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Physical Therapy, Movement, and Rehabilitation Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edward McAuley
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA; Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Arthur F Kramer
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA; Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
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11
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Emotion regulation in emerging adults with major depressive disorder and frequent cannabis use. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2021; 30:102575. [PMID: 33588323 PMCID: PMC7895841 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2021.102575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Linear mixed modelling was used to analyze fMRI data on an emotion task. Cannabis use and major depressive disorder interacted with emotion regulation. The biggest effects were observed in the left temporal lobe. Emotion regulation strategy and depressive symptoms also predicted activity. The combination of MDD and cannabis was more complex than strictly additive.
In people with mental health issues, approximately 20% have co-occurring substance use, often involving cannabis. Although emotion regulation can be affected both by major depressive disorder (MDD) and by cannabis use, the relationship among all three factors is unknown. In this study, we used fMRI to evaluate the effect that cannabis use and MDD have on brain activation during an emotion regulation task. Differences were assessed in 74 emerging adults aged 16–23 with and without MDD who either used or did not use cannabis. Severity of depressive symptoms, emotion regulation style, and age of cannabis use onset were also measured. Both MDD and cannabis use interacted with the emotion regulation task in the left temporal lobe, however the location of the interaction differed for each factor. Specifically, MDD showed an interaction with emotion regulation in the middle temporal gyrus, whereas cannabis use showed an interaction in the superior temporal gyrus. Emotion regulation style predicted activity in the right superior frontal gyrus, however, this did not interact with MDD or cannabis use. Severity of depressive symptoms interacted with the emotion regulation task in the left middle temporal gyrus. The results highlight the influence of cannabis use and MDD on emotion regulation processing, suggesting that both may have a broader impact on the brain than previously thought.
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12
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Berwian IM, Wenzel JG, Kuehn L, Schnuerer I, Kasper L, Veer IM, Seifritz E, Stephan KE, Walter H, Huys QJM. The relationship between resting-state functional connectivity, antidepressant discontinuation and depression relapse. Sci Rep 2020; 10:22346. [PMID: 33339879 PMCID: PMC7749105 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79170-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The risk of relapsing into depression after stopping antidepressants is high, but no established predictors exist. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) measures may help predict relapse and identify the mechanisms by which relapses occur. rsfMRI data were acquired from healthy controls and from patients with remitted major depressive disorder on antidepressants. Patients were assessed a second time either before or after discontinuation of the antidepressant, and followed up for six months to assess relapse. A seed-based functional connectivity analysis was conducted focusing on the left subgenual anterior cingulate cortex and left posterior cingulate cortex. Seeds in the amygdala and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex were explored. 44 healthy controls (age: 33.8 (10.5), 73% female) and 84 patients (age: 34.23 (10.8), 80% female) were included in the analysis. 29 patients went on to relapse and 38 remained well. The seed-based analysis showed that discontinuation resulted in an increased functional connectivity between the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and the parietal cortex in non-relapsers. In an exploratory analysis, this functional connectivity predicted relapse risk with a balanced accuracy of 0.86. Further seed-based analyses, however, failed to reveal differences in functional connectivity between patients and controls, between relapsers and non-relapsers before discontinuation and changes due to discontinuation independent of relapse. In conclusion, changes in the connectivity between the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and the posterior default mode network were associated with and predictive of relapse after open-label antidepressant discontinuation. This finding requires replication in a larger dataset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel M Berwian
- Translational Neuromodeling Unit, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. .,Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. .,Princeton Neurosciene Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, USA.
| | - Julia G Wenzel
- Charité Universitätsmedizin, Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Leonie Kuehn
- Charité Universitätsmedizin, Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Inga Schnuerer
- Translational Neuromodeling Unit, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lars Kasper
- Translational Neuromodeling Unit, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ilya M Veer
- Charité Universitätsmedizin, Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Erich Seifritz
- Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Klaas E Stephan
- Translational Neuromodeling Unit, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, University College London, London, UK.,Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Henrik Walter
- Charité Universitätsmedizin, Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Quentin J M Huys
- Translational Neuromodeling Unit, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Division of Psychiatry and Max Planck Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, University College London, London, UK.,Camden and Islington NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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13
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Liu G, Jiao K, Zhong Y, Hao Z, Wang C, Xu H, Teng C, Song X, Xiao C, Fox PT, Zhang N, Wang C. The alteration of cognitive function networks in remitted patients with major depressive disorder: an independent component analysis. Behav Brain Res 2020; 400:113018. [PMID: 33301816 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.113018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dysfunctional connectivity of resting-state functional networks has been observed in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), particularly in cognitive function networks including the central executive network (CEN), default mode network (DMN) and salience network (SN). Findings from studies examining how aberrant functional connectivity (FC) changed after antidepressant treatment, however, have been inconsistent. Thus, the purpose of the present study was to explore potential mechanisms of altered cognitive function networks during resting-state between remitted major depressive disorder (rMDD) patients and healthy controls (HCs) and furthermore, the relationship between dysfunctional connectivity patterns in rMDD and clinical symptoms. METHODOLOGY In this study, 19 HCs and 19 rMDD patients were recruited for resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanning. FC was evaluated with independent component analysis for CEN, DMN and SN. Two sample t tests were conducted to compare differences between rMDD and HCs. A Pearson correlation analysis was also performed to examine the relationship between connectivity of networks and cognitive function scores and clinical symptoms. RESULTS Compared to healthy controls, remitted patients showed lower connectivity in CEN, mostly in the superior frontal gyrus (SFG), middle frontal gyrus (MFG), inferior parietal lobule (IPL) and part of the supramarginal gyrus (SMG). Conversely, the bilateral insula, part of the SMG (a key node of the CEN) and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) of the DMN showed higher connectivity in rMDD patients. Pearson correlation results demonstrated that connectivity of the right IPL in CEN was positively correlated with cognitive function scores, and connectivity of the left insula was negatively correlated with BDI scores. CONCLUSIONS Though rMDD patients reached the standard of clinal remission, unique impairments of FC in cognitive function networks remained. Aberrant FC between cognitive function networks responsible for executive control was observed in rMDD and may be associated with residual clinical symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Liu
- Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kaili Jiao
- Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Functional Brain Imaging Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Zhengzhou Ninth People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuan Zhong
- School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210097, China
| | - Ziyu Hao
- Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chiyue Wang
- Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huazhen Xu
- Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Changjun Teng
- Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Functional Brain Imaging Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiu Song
- Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Functional Brain Imaging Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chaoyong Xiao
- Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peter T Fox
- Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Functional Brain Imaging Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; South Texas Veterans Healthcare System, University of Texas Health San Antonio, United States; Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health San Antonio, United States
| | - Ning Zhang
- Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Functional Brain Imaging Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Chun Wang
- Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Functional Brain Imaging Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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14
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Mu E, Crewther D. Occipital Magnocellular VEP Non-linearities Show a Short Latency Interaction Between Contrast and Facial Emotion. Front Hum Neurosci 2020; 14:268. [PMID: 32754021 PMCID: PMC7381315 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.00268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The magnocellular system has been implicated in the rapid processing of facial emotions, such as fear. Of the various anatomical possibilities, the retino-colliculo-pulvinar route to the amygdala is currently favored. However, it is not clear whether and when amygdala arousal activates the primary visual cortex (V1). Non-linear visual evoked potentials provide a well-accepted technique for examining temporal processing in the magnocellular and parvocellular pathways in the visual cortex. Here, we investigated the relationship between facial emotion processing and the separable magnocellular (K2.1) and parvocellular (K2.2) components of the second-order non-linear multifocal visual evoked potential responses recorded from the occipital scalp (OZ). Stimuli comprised pseudorandom brightening/darkening of fearful, happy, neutral faces (or no face) with surround patches decorrelated from the central face-bearing patch. For the central patch, the spatial contrast of the faces was 30% while the modulation of the per-pixel brightening/darkening was uniformly 10% or 70%. From 14 neurotypical young adults, we found a significant interaction between emotion and contrast in the magnocellularly driven K2.1 peak amplitudes, with greater K2.1 amplitudes for fearful (vs. happy) faces at 70% temporal contrast condition. Taken together, our findings suggest that facial emotional information is present in early V1 processing as conveyed by the M pathway, and more activated for fearful as opposed to happy and neutral faces. An explanation is offered in terms of the contest between feedback and response gain modulation models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eveline Mu
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia
| | - David Crewther
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia
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15
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Vasavada MM, Loureiro J, Kubicki A, Sahib A, Wade B, Hellemann G, Espinoza RT, Congdon E, Narr KL, Leaver AM. Effects of Serial Ketamine Infusions on Corticolimbic Functional Connectivity in Major Depression. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY: COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2020; 6:735-744. [PMID: 32900657 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2020.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ketamine is a highly effective antidepressant for patients with treatment-resistant major depressive disorder (MDD). Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging studies show disruptions of functional connectivity (FC) between limbic regions and resting-state networks (RSNs) in MDD, including the default mode network, central executive network (CEN), and salience network (SN). Here, we investigated whether serial ketamine treatments change FC between limbic structures and RSNs. METHODS Patients with MDD (n = 44) were scanned at baseline (time 1 [T1]) and 24 hours after the first (T2) and fourth (T3) infusions of ketamine. Healthy control subjects (n = 50) were scanned at baseline, with a subgroup (n = 17) being rescanned at 2 weeks. Limbic regions included the amygdala and hippocampus, and RSNs included the default mode network, CEN, and SN. RESULTS Ketamine increased right amygdala FC to the right CEN (p = .05), decreased amygdala FC to the left CEN (p = .005) at T2 versus T1 (p = .015), which then increased at T3 versus T2 (p = .002), and decreased left amygdala FC to the SN (p = .016). Decreased left amygdala to SN FC at T2 predicted improvements in anxiety at T3 (p = .006). Ketamine increased right hippocampus FC to the left CEN (p = .001), and this change at T2 predicted decreased anhedonia at T3 (p = .005). CONCLUSIONS Ketamine modulates FC between limbic regions and RSNs implicated in MDD. Increases in FC between limbic regions and the CEN suggest that ketamine may be involved in restoring top-down control of emotion processing. FC decreases between the left amygdala and SN suggest that ketamine may ameliorate MDD-related dysconnectivity in these circuits. Early FC changes between limbic regions and RSNs may be predictive of clinical improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megha M Vasavada
- Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, Department of Neurology, Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Joana Loureiro
- Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, Department of Neurology, Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Antoni Kubicki
- Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, Department of Neurology, Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Ashish Sahib
- Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, Department of Neurology, Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Benjamin Wade
- Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, Department of Neurology, Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Gerhard Hellemann
- Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Randall T Espinoza
- Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Eliza Congdon
- Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Katherine L Narr
- Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, Department of Neurology, Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Amber M Leaver
- Department of Radiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.
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16
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Rakesh D, Allen NB, Whittle S. Balancing act: Neural correlates of affect dysregulation in youth depression and substance use - A systematic review of functional neuroimaging studies. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2020; 42:100775. [PMID: 32452461 PMCID: PMC7139159 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2020.100775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Both depression and substance use problems have their highest incidence during youth (i.e., adolescence and emerging adulthood), and are characterized by emotion regulation deficits. Influential neurodevelopmental theories suggest that alterations in the function of limbic and frontal regions render youth susceptible to these deficits. However, whether depression and substance use in youth are associated with similar alterations in emotion regulation neural circuitry is unknown. In this systematic review we synthesized the results of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies investigating the neural correlates of emotion regulation in youth depression and substance use. Resting-state fMRI studies focusing on limbic connectivity were also reviewed. While findings were largely inconsistent within and between studies of depression and substance use, some patterns emerged. First, youth depression appears to be associated with exaggerated amygdala activity in response to negative stimuli; second, both depression and substance use appear to be associated with lower functional connectivity between the amygdala and prefrontal cortex during rest. Findings are discussed in relation to support for existing neurodevelopmental models, and avenues for future work are suggested, including studying neurodevelopmental trajectories from a network perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divyangana Rakesh
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicholas B Allen
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA
| | - Sarah Whittle
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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17
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Langenecker SA, Kling LR, Crane NA, Gorka SM, Nusslock R, Damme KSF, Weafer J, de Wit H, Phan KL. Anticipation of monetary reward in amygdala, insula, caudate are predictors of pleasure sensitivity to d-Amphetamine administration. Drug Alcohol Depend 2020; 206:107725. [PMID: 31757518 PMCID: PMC6980714 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.107725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drug addiction and dependence continue as an unresolved source of morbidity and mortality. Two approaches to identifying risk for abuse and addiction are psychopharmacological challenge studies and neuroimaging experiments. The present study combined these two approaches by examining associations between self-reported euphoria or liking after a dose of d-amphetamine and neural-based responses to anticipation of a monetary reward. METHODS Healthy young adults (N = 73) aged 19 and 26, without any history of alcohol/substance dependence completed four laboratory sessions in which they received oral d-amphetamine (20 mg) or placebo, and completed drug effect questionnaires. On a separate session they underwent a functional magnetic resonance imaging scan while they completed a monetary incentive delay task. During the task, we recorded neural signal related to anticipation of winning $5 or $1.50 compared to winning no money (WinMoney-WinZero), in reward related regions. RESULTS Liking of amphetamine during the drug sessions was related to differences in activation during the WinMoney-WinZero conditions - in the amygdala (positive), insula (negative) and caudate (negative). In posthoc analyses, liking of amphetamine was also positively correlated with activation of the amygdala during anticipation of large rewards and negatively related to activation of the left insula to both small and large anticipated rewards. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that individual differences in key regions of the reward network are related to rewarding subjective effects of a stimulant drug. To further clarify these relationships, future pharmacofMRI studies could probe the influence of amphetamine at the neural level during reward anticipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A Langenecker
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, 501 Chipeta Way, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1601 W Taylor St, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Leah R Kling
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1601 W Taylor St, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Natania A Crane
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1601 W Taylor St, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Stephanie M Gorka
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1601 W Taylor St, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Robin Nusslock
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Swift Hall 102, 2029 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Katherine S F Damme
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Swift Hall 102, 2029 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Jessica Weafer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Billings Hospital, 5841 S. Maryland Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Harriet de Wit
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, 171 Funkhouser Drive Lexington, KY 40506-0044, USA
| | - K Luan Phan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1601 W Taylor St, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Mental Health Service Line, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, 820 S Damen Ave, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University, OSU Harding Hospital, 1670 Upham Drive, Suite 130, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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18
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Jiao K, Xu H, Teng C, Song X, Xiao C, Fox PT, Zhang N, Wang C, Zhong Y. Connectivity patterns of cognitive control network in first episode medication-naive depression and remitted depression. Behav Brain Res 2019; 379:112381. [PMID: 31770543 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive dysfunctions, such as impaired cognitive control, are frequently observed in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). Although the cognitive control network (CCN) is widely considered a core feature of major depressive disorder (MDD), the relationship between cognitive dysfunction and symptom dimensions remains unclear. This study investigated differences in resting-state functional connectivity of the cognitive control network (CCN) between first-episode medication-naive MDD patients and remitted MDD. METHODS We collected resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) data from 22 first-episode medication-naive major depressive disorder (fMDD) patients, 20 patients previously diagnosed with MDD in the remitted phase of depression (rMDD), and 20 healthy controls (HC). The CCN was derived from fMRI images using independent component analysis (ICA), a data-driven image analysis method. RESULTS Changes in functional connectivity (FC) within the CCN was mainly attenuated in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and the left inferior parietal lobule, while strengthened in the right dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and the right insula in both fMDD and rMDD groups. Compared with the fMDD group, the rMDD group had decreased FC in the bilateral insula and the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Further analysis explored that the FC in the bilateral insula, the right dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and the right inferior parietal lobule were correlated positively cognitive disturbance factor scores in both patients groups. CONCLUSIONS These findings are in agreement with the previous findings that the cognitive control network are impaired in MDD. Furthermore, our results suggest that the alteration of CCN might underpin the cognitive disturbance and the distinct patterns of the CCN between fMDD and rMDD patients may be an important target for effective cognitive remediation in MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaili Jiao
- Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huazhen Xu
- Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Changjun Teng
- Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiu Song
- Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chaoyong Xiao
- Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peter T Fox
- Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Functional Brain Imaging Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; South Texas Veterans Healthcare System, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, United States; Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health San Antonio, United States
| | - Ning Zhang
- Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Functional Brain Imaging Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chun Wang
- Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Functional Brain Imaging Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yuan Zhong
- School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China.
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Wang Y, Yao L, Zhao X. Amygdala network in response to facial expression following neurofeedback training of emotion. Brain Imaging Behav 2019; 14:897-906. [PMID: 30729419 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-019-00052-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Real-time functional magnetic resonance imaging (rtfMRI) has been applied to self-regulate activity in the amygdala and improve emotional perception and recognition as a novel neurofeedback training method. Previous studies have indicated that successful regulation of the target region led to changes in other brain regions as a network during neurofeedback training. However, it is unclear how neurofeedback training of the amygdala affects the network engaged in facial expression. In this study, we investigated the changes in the amygdala network involved in a facial expression task after rtfMRI training of the left amygdala. The amygdala network of pre- and post-training tasks with pleasant expression as the stimulus was extracted using group independent component analysis. The results showed that not only the activity of the amygdala network but also the functional connectivity of the fusiform with the amygdala within the network was enhanced by training. Moreover, increases in this connectivity were correlated with increases in behavioral performance. These findings suggest the functional significance of the connectivity of the fusiform with the amygdala engaged in facial emotional perception as well as their close correlation with behavior, thus providing new insights into the mechanisms of neurofeedback-based emotional regulation and clinical treatment of related emotional disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Wang
- College of Information Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, XinJieKouWai Street 19, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Li Yao
- College of Information Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, XinJieKouWai Street 19, Beijing, 100875, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Xiaojie Zhao
- College of Information Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, XinJieKouWai Street 19, Beijing, 100875, China.
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20
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Burkhouse KL, Stange JP, Jacobs RH, Bhaumik R, Bessette KL, Peters AT, Crane NA, Kreutzer KA, Fitzgerald K, Monk C, Welsh RC, Phan KL, Langenecker SA. Developmental changes in resting-state functional networks among individuals with and without internalizing psychopathologies. Depress Anxiety 2019; 36:141-152. [PMID: 30516853 PMCID: PMC6519436 DOI: 10.1002/da.22864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Three well-established intrinsic connectivity networks (ICNs) involved in cognitive-affective processing include the cognitive control network (CCN), default mode network (DMN), and salience and emotional network (SEN). Despite recent advances in understanding developmental changes in these ICNs, the majority of research has focused on single seeds or networks in isolation with limited age ranges. Additionally, although internalizing psychopathologies (IPs), such as anxiety and depression, are often characterized by maladaptive cognitive-affective processing styles, it is not clear how IP history influences age-related changes in brain networks. METHOD The current study aimed to characterize the normative development of the CCN, DMN, and SEN across a large age-span (7-29 year olds) of typically developing (TD) individuals (n = 97). We also explore how age may impact differences in network connectivity between TD individuals and patients with IPs (n = 136). RESULTS Among TD individuals, DMN and CCN connectivity strengthened with age, whereas connectivity between the SEN and ventromedial prefrontal cortex weakened across development. When exploring group (IP vs. TD) differences, the IP group was characterized by greater connectivity between the CCN and cerebellum and between the SEN and caudate from childhood to early adulthood, relative to TD individuals. In addition, patients with IPs, versus TD individuals, exhibited reduced connectivity between the SEN and medial frontal gyrus from adolescence to adulthood. CONCLUSIONS The current findings shed light on differential age-related changes in brain network patterns among psychiatrically free, TD individuals and those with internalizing disorders, and may provide plausible targets for novel mechanism-based treatments that differ based on developmental stage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Runa Bhaumik
- University of Illinois-Chicago; Department of Psychiatry
| | - Katie L. Bessette
- University of Illinois-Chicago; Department of Psychiatry
- University of Illinois-Chicago; Department of Psychology
| | - Amy T. Peters
- University of Illinois-Chicago; Department of Psychiatry
- University of Illinois-Chicago; Department of Psychology
| | | | | | | | | | - Robert C. Welsh
- The University of Utah Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry
| | - K. Luan Phan
- University of Illinois-Chicago; Department of Psychiatry
- University of Illinois-Chicago; Department of Psychology
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center; Mental Health Service Line
- University of Illinois-Chicago; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology & the Graduate Program in Neuroscience
| | - Scott A. Langenecker
- University of Illinois-Chicago; Department of Psychiatry
- University of Illinois-Chicago; Department of Psychology
- The University of Utah Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry
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Cognitive control neuroimaging measures differentiate between those with and without future recurrence of depression. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2018; 20:1001-1009. [PMID: 30321791 PMCID: PMC6197328 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a prevalent, disruptive illness. A majority of those with MDD are at high risk for recurrence and increased risk for morbidity and mortality. This study examined whether multimodal baseline (and retest) Cognitive Control performance and neuroimaging markers (task activation and neural connectivity between key brain nodes) could differentiate between those with and without future recurrence of a major depressive (MD) episode within one year. We hypothesized that performance and neuroimaging measures of Cognitive Control would identify markers that differ between these two groups. Methods A prospective cohort study of young adults (ages 18–23) with history (h) of early-onset MDD (N = 60), now remitted, and healthy young adults (N = 49). Baseline Cognitive Control measures of performance, task fMRI and resting state connectivity (and reliability retest 4–12 weeks later) were used to compare those with future recurrence of MDD (N = 21) relative to those without future recurrence of MDD (N = 34 with resilience). The measures tested were (1) Parametric Go/No-Go (PGNG) performance, and task activation for (2) PGNG Correct Rejections, (3) PGNG Commission errors, and (4 & 5), resting state connectivity analyses of Cognitive Control Network to and from subgenual anterior cingulate. Results Relative to other groups at baseline, the group with MDD Recurrence had less bilateral middle frontal gyrus activation during commission errors. MDD Recurrence exhibited greater connectivity of right middle frontal gyrus to subgenual anterior cingulate (SGAC). SGAC connectivity was also elevated in this group to numerous regions in the Cognitive Control Network. Moderate to strong ICCs were present from test to retest, and highest for rs-fMRI markers. There were modest, significant correlations between task, connectivity and behavioral markers that distinguished between groups. Conclusion Markers of Cognitive Control function could identify those with early course MD who are at risk for depression recurrence. Those at high risk for recurrence would benefit from maintenance or preventative treatments. Future studies could test and validate these markers as potential predictors, accounting for sample selection and bias in feature detection. Tools are needed to increase identification of MDD recurrence Cognitive control behavior and depression symptoms have been predictive of recurrence in prior studies, but with low accuracy In remitted Major Depressive Disorder, those who will go on to have future depressive episodes differed in cognitive control activation and connectivity Symptoms, performance, task activation, and seed-based connectivity can contribute to identification of risk for recurrence
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