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Kosloski EE, Patel SD, Rollins PR. The Role of Pathways Early Autism Intervention in Improving Social Skills and Respeto for Young Hispanic Autistic Children. J Autism Dev Disord 2024:10.1007/s10803-024-06419-x. [PMID: 38842669 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-024-06419-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE We know very little about Hispanic autistic children's response to intervention as, historically, Hispanic children are underrepresented in intervention studies. Pathways parent-mediated early autism intervention is one of the few naturalistic developmental behavioral interventions (NDBIs) that is contextually and linguistically responsive to Hispanic families. However, some child-centered NDBI strategies do not align with the Hispanic caregiving value of respeto. A child exhibiting respeto demonstrates affiliative obedience by displaying deference and respect toward adults. Furthermore, theories of the ontogeny of cultural learning suggest that certain levels of social development may be necessary to learn cultural values. The current study investigates (1) the relationship between Hispanic autistic children's social skills and affiliative obedience and (2) the efficacy of Pathways in improving affiliative obedience in Hispanic children. METHODS This quasi-experimental design study used preexisting standardized test data and video recordings from 26 Hispanic participants who took part in a previous Pathways efficacy study. Recordings were coded for affiliative obedience and social connectedness. Residual change variables were used to measure progress from baseline to post-intervention, and correlation and hierarchical regression analyses were conducted to analyze the data. RESULTS We found significant positive correlations between social skills and children's affiliative obedience for baseline and change variables. In addition, we found Pathways had a significant medium-large magnitude effect on change in affiliative obedience skills. CONCLUSION This study highlights the benefits of NDBI interventions that advance social development in autistic children and support Hispanic parents in enculturating their children in the value of respeto.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin E Kosloski
- Department of Speech, Language and Hearing, University of Texas, Dallas-Richardson, TX, USA
- Callier Center for Communication Disorders, 1966 Inwood Road, Dallas, TX, 75235, USA
| | - Siddhi D Patel
- Department of Speech, Language and Hearing, University of Texas, Dallas-Richardson, TX, USA
- Callier Center for Communication Disorders, 1966 Inwood Road, Dallas, TX, 75235, USA
| | - Pamela Rosenthal Rollins
- Department of Speech, Language and Hearing, University of Texas, Dallas-Richardson, TX, USA.
- Callier Center for Communication Disorders, 1966 Inwood Road, Dallas, TX, 75235, USA.
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Martinez-Cano JP, Tuca M, Gallego A, Rodas-Cortes Y, Post WR, Hinckel B. The Dejour classification for trochlear dysplasia shows slight interobserver and substantial intraobserver reliability. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2024; 32:1363-1369. [PMID: 38532466 DOI: 10.1002/ksa.12158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Trochlear dysplasia is one of the main risk factors for recurrent patellar dislocation. The Dejour classification identifies four categories that can be used to classify trochlear dysplasia. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the inter- and intraobserver reliability of the Dejour classification for trochlear dysplasia. The hypothesis was that both intra- and interobserver reliability would be at least moderate. METHODS This is a cross-sectional, reliability study. Twenty-eight examiners from the International Patellofemoral Study Group 2022 meeting evaluated lateral radiographs of the knee and axial magnetic resonance images from 15 cases of patellofemoral instability with trochlear dysplasia. They classified each case according to Dejour's classification for trochlear dysplasia (A-D). There were three rounds: one with only computed radiograph (CR), one with only magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and one with both. Inter- and intraobserver reliability were calculated using κ coefficient (0-1). RESULTS The mean age of patients was: 14.6 years; 60% were female and 53% had open physis. The interobserver reliability κ probabilities were 0.2 (CR), 0.13 (MRI) and 0.12 (CR and MRI). The intraobserver reliability κ probabilities were 0.45 (CR), 0.44 (MRI) and 0.65 (CR and MRI). CONCLUSION The Dejour classification for trochlear dysplasia has slight interobserver reliability and substantial intraobserver reliability. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Pablo Martinez-Cano
- Fundación Valle del Lili, Ortopedia y Traumatología, Cali, Colombia
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia
| | - Maria Tuca
- School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Catolica of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Orthopaedic Surgery Department, Mutual de Seguridad, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandro Gallego
- Centro de Investigaciones Clinicas (CIC), Fundación Valle del Lili, Cali, Colombia
| | - Yorlany Rodas-Cortes
- Centro de Investigaciones Clinicas (CIC), Fundación Valle del Lili, Cali, Colombia
| | - William R Post
- Mountaineer Orthopedic Specialists LLC, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Betina Hinckel
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Michigan, USA
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Suma K, Caughy MO, Bakeman R, Washington J, Murray BK, Owen MT. Active Direction: A new observational measure of African American parenting. Infant Behav Dev 2024; 76:101955. [PMID: 38733670 DOI: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2024.101955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
A new observational measure of a culturally salient, supportive African American parenting style, Active Direction, was developed. Ratings were compared to standard qualitative ratings and across two ethnic groups. Active Direction represents the provision of structure to interactions in the form of corrective direction with clear and concise feedback that is assessed for supportiveness rather than simple content or tone. The 7-point rating item was examined in observations of African American (n = 172) and Hispanic American (n = 196) mother-child interactions collected at age 2.5 years in families from low-income households. Ratings were compared and associations to previously reported ratings of the interactions were examined. Active Direction was often observed among the African American mothers (81%) but rarely observed among the Hispanic mothers (16%), with a large effect size difference, supporting the hypothesis that Active Direction may represent a culturally specific approach to parenting for African American parents. Maternal behavior correlations of Active Direction with cognitive stimulation, intrusiveness, scaffolding, and calm authority and with child affiliative obedience and dyadic routines and rituals were significantly higher and detachment significantly lower in the African American compared to the Hispanic sample. The new measure of Active Direction, centered around culturally salient values and differences in both historical and lived experiences, addresses characteristics of parenting in African American families that are supportive of their children's development and provides a fruitful direction for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine Suma
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.
| | - Margaret O Caughy
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Roger Bakeman
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Julie Washington
- School of Education, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Bryan K Murray
- School of Education, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Margaret Tresch Owen
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States
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Xu L, Shi J, Li C. Addressing psychosomatic symptom distress with mindfulness-based cognitive therapy in somatic symptom disorder: mediating effects of self-compassion and alexithymia. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1289872. [PMID: 38384594 PMCID: PMC10879322 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1289872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective This study explored the association between self-compassion, alexithymia, and psychosomatic symptom distress in a clinical sample of somatic symptom disorder (SSD) patients participating in a mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) program. Methods One hundred sixteen SSD patients who had participated in an MBCT program and completed ≥4 intervention sessions were included in a retrospective study (76.7% women, mean age = 40.0, SD = 9.5). Psychometric measures of psychosomatic symptom distress [Brief Symptom Inventory-18 Global Severity Index (BSI-GSI)], self-compassion [Self-Compassion Scale (SCS)], and alexithymia [Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS)] were collected upon admission to the MBCT program and at 6-month follow-up following treatment inclusion. Results Serial mediation analysis (MBCT→ΔSCS→ΔTAS→ΔBSI-GSI) suggested that changes in both self-compassion and alexithymia had significant indirect effects on improvement in psychosomatic distress [ΔSCS β = -1.810, 95% bootstrap CI (-2.488, -1.160); ΔTAS β = -1.615, bootstrap 95% CI (-2.413, -0.896); ΔSCS→ΔTAS β = -0.621, bootstrap CI (-1.032, -0.315)]. Furthermore, a post-hoc analysis with a reverse sequence (MBCT→ΔTAS→ΔSCS→ΔBSI-GSI) revealed that reduction in alexithymia improved psychosomatic distress and that an increase in self-compassion was a subsequent outcome of alleviation of alexithymia [ΔTAS β = -2.235, bootstrap 95% CI (-3.305, -1.270); ΔSCS β = 0.013, 95% bootstrap CI (-0.600, 0.682); ΔTAS→ΔSCS β = -1.823, bootstrap CI (-2.770, -1.047)]. Conclusion Both alleviation of alexithymia and improvement in self-compassion play a mediating role in the reduction of psychosomatic distress in SSD patients following an MBCT program. Improvement in self-compassion might be a subsequent outcome of MBCT-related alleviation of alexithymia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianrong Xu
- Department of Pain Management, Jinxiang Hospital Affiliated to Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Jihong Shi
- Department of Consultation Psychology, Jining First People's Hospital, Jining, China
| | - Chengwen Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Turan A, Karabayır HB, Kaya İG. Examining the changes in women's lives after the hysterectomy operation: Experiences of women from Turkey. Arch Womens Ment Health 2024:10.1007/s00737-024-01419-3. [PMID: 38183419 DOI: 10.1007/s00737-024-01419-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the study is to examine what kind of changes the operation has brought about in the social and psychological life of women. METHODS The study was a hermeneutic-phenomenological research conducted using qualitative research methods. It took place between May and July 2023 at a university hospital located in Istanbul, Turkey. Following ethical approval, the study included a total of 24 women who had undergone a 'total abdominal hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy.' These participants were selected using a combination of maximum diversity sampling and random sampling methods. Data collection was carried out using a semi-structured interview form. The interviews were conducted using face-to-face interview techniques and in-depth interview methods. Qualitative data analysis involved using the coding paradigm of Grounded Theory and Straus and Corbin's coding framework. For the analysis of quantitative data, SPSS version 28.0 was employed, while qualitative data were analyzed using MaxQDA Analytics Pro 2022. RESULTS The study found that the participants had a mean age of 47 ± 7.53, and the majority, 66.7%, had not reached menopause before the operation. The qualitative analysis of the semi-structured interviews revealed five main themes, which were identified as follows: 'hysterectomy experiences', 'the impact of hysterectomy on sexual life', 'the significance attributed to the uterus', 'the significance attributed to femininity', and 'self-efficacy after hysterectomy'. CONCLUSIONS The study revealed that women experienced changes in self-perception, body image, a sense of organ loss, and developed negative attitudes towards menopause following a hysterectomy. Additionally, there was a noticeable connection between the meanings attributed to the uterus and femininity, which was often influenced by cultural and social factors. In light of these findings, it is recommended that women receive counseling from healthcare professionals before undergoing a hysterectomy. This guidance can help women better understand and cope with the physical, emotional, and cultural aspects of the procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayşenur Turan
- Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Hilal Başak Karabayır
- Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - İffet Güler Kaya
- Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Iki S, Kutsukake N. Play face in Japanese macaques reflects the sender’s play motivation. Anim Cogn 2022; 26:849-859. [PMID: 36482118 PMCID: PMC10066171 DOI: 10.1007/s10071-022-01730-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AbstractAnimals often initiate social interactions by exchanging signals. Especially when initiating amicable interactions, signaling one’s friendly stance toward others in advance may be important to avoid being misunderstood as having hostile intentions. We used data on dyadic play fighting in a group of Japanese macaques, Macaca fuscata, to examine the function of “play face” at the opening of a play session. We found no support for the previously proposed hypothesis that play face expression is likelier before entering risky situations (e.g., before gaining an undue advantage over the partner) to avoid being misunderstood. The results showed that play face expression was likelier in male juveniles before initiating play with other males than in females before initiating play with males or other females and that juveniles were likelier to express play face before initiating play with others closer in age. As male Japanese macaques play more frequently than females, and juveniles prefer to play with individuals closer in age, play face expression before play initiation may reflect the individual’s motivation for subsequent play interactions. This interpretation is supported by our observation that play bouts lasted longer when initiated with bidirectional play face by both participants than when initiated without play face. We also argued that since there was no tendency that play face was likelier to be expressed toward individuals with low play propensity (e.g., females) or infrequent partners to play with (e.g., individuals more distant in age), Japanese macaques may not tactically deploy this signal to recruit reluctant partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakumi Iki
- Center for the Evolutionary Origins of Human Behavior, Kyoto University, Aichi, Japan.
- Research Center for Integrative Evolutionary Science, Department of Evolutionary Studies of Biosystems, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Sokendai, Kanagawa, Japan.
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Nobuyuki Kutsukake
- Research Center for Integrative Evolutionary Science, Department of Evolutionary Studies of Biosystems, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Sokendai, Kanagawa, Japan
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