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Kruger A, Brucks SD, Yan T, Cárcarmo-Oyarce G, Wei Y, Wen DH, Carvalho DR, Hore MJA, Ribbeck K, Schrock RR, Kiessling LL. Stereochemical Control Yields Mucin Mimetic Polymers. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2021; 7:624-630. [PMID: 34056092 PMCID: PMC8155468 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.0c01569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
All animals except sponges produce mucus. Across the animal kingdom, this hydrogel mediates surface wetting, viscosity, and protection against microbes. The primary components of mucus hydrogels are mucins-high molecular weight O-glycoproteins that adopt extended linear structures. Glycosylation is integral to mucin function, but other characteristics that give rise to their advantageous biological activities are unknown. We postulated that the extended conformation of mucins is critical for their ability to block microbial virulence phenotypes. To test this hypothesis, we developed synthetic mucin mimics that recapitulate the dense display of glycans and morphology of mucin. We varied the catalyst in a ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) to generate substituted norbornene-derived glycopolymers containing either cis- or trans-alkenes. Conformational analysis of the polymers based on allylic strain suggested that cis- rather than trans-poly(norbornene) glycopolymers would adopt linear structures that mimic mucins. High-resolution atomic force micrographs of our polymers and natively purified Muc2, Muc5AC, and Muc5B mucins revealed that cis-polymers adopt extended, mucin-like structures. The cis-polymers retained this structure in solution and were more water-soluble than their trans-analogs. Consistent with mucin's linear morphology, cis-glycopolymers were more potent binders of a bacterial virulence factor, cholera toxin. Our findings highlight the importance of the polymer backbone in mucin surrogate design and underscore the significance of the extended mucin backbone for inhibiting virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin
G. Kruger
- Department
of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Spencer D. Brucks
- Department
of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Tao Yan
- Department
of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Gerardo Cárcarmo-Oyarce
- Department
of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Yuan Wei
- Department
of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Deborah H. Wen
- Department
of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Dayanne R. Carvalho
- Department
of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Michael J. A. Hore
- Department
of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Katharina Ribbeck
- Department
of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Richard R. Schrock
- Department
of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Laura L. Kiessling
- Department
of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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Otremba T, Ravoo BJ. Linear and Cyclic Carbohydrate Receptors Based on Peptides Modified with Boronic Acids. ChemistrySelect 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201600567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Otremba
- Organic Chemistry Institute; Westfälische Wilhelms-Universtät Münster; Corrensstrasse 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Bart Jan Ravoo
- Organic Chemistry Institute; Westfälische Wilhelms-Universtät Münster; Corrensstrasse 40 48149 Münster Germany
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3
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Lange SC, Unsleber J, Drücker P, Galla HJ, Waller MP, Ravoo BJ. pH response and molecular recognition in a low molecular weight peptide hydrogel. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:561-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob02069c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The preparation and characterization of a tripeptide based hydrogel, which possesses characteristic rheological properties, is pH responsive and can be functionalized at its thiol function is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie C. Lange
- Organic Chemistry Institute
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster
- 48149 Münster
- Germany
| | - Jan Unsleber
- Organic Chemistry Institute
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster
- 48149 Münster
- Germany
| | - Patrick Drücker
- Institute of Biochemistry
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster
- 48149 Münster
- Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Galla
- Institute of Biochemistry
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster
- 48149 Münster
- Germany
| | - Mark P. Waller
- Organic Chemistry Institute
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster
- 48149 Münster
- Germany
| | - Bart Jan Ravoo
- Organic Chemistry Institute
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster
- 48149 Münster
- Germany
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