1
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Kaur M, Cooper JC, Van Humbeck JF. Site-selective benzylic C-H hydroxylation in electron-deficient azaheterocycles. Org Biomol Chem 2024. [PMID: 38819259 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00268g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Benzylic C-H bonds can be converted into numerous functional groups, often by mechanisms that involve hydrogen atom transfer as the key bond breaking step. The abstracting species is most often an electrophilic radical, which makes these reactions best suited to electron-rich C-H bonds to achieve appropriate polarity matching. Thus, electron deficient systems such as pyridine and pyrimidine are relatively unreactive, and therefore underrepresented in substrate scopes. In this report, we describe a new method for heterobenzylic hydroxylation-essentially an unknown reaction in the case of pyrimidines-that makes use of an iodine(III) reagent to afford very high selectivity towards electron-deficient azaheterocycles in substrates with more than one reactive position and prevents over-oxidation to carbonyl products. The identification of key reaction byproducts supports a mechanism that involves radical coupling in the bond forming step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milanpreet Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Julian C Cooper
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Jeffrey F Van Humbeck
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada.
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2
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Farooq S, Ngaini Z. One‐pot
and
two‐pot
methods for chalcone derived pyrimidines synthesis and applications. J Heterocycl Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.4226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Saba Farooq
- Faculty of Resource Science and Technology Universiti Malaysia Sarawak Kota Samarahan Malaysia
| | - Zainab Ngaini
- Faculty of Resource Science and Technology Universiti Malaysia Sarawak Kota Samarahan Malaysia
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3
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Kumar R, Bera MK, Zimmer R, Lentz D, Reissig H, Würthwein E. Alkoxyallene‐Based LANCA Three‐Component Synthesis of 1,2‐Diketones, Quinoxalines, and Unique Isoindenone Dimers and a Computational Study of the Isoindenone Dimerization. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roopender Kumar
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie Freie Universität Berlin Takustrasse 3 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Mrinal K. Bera
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie Freie Universität Berlin Takustrasse 3 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Reinhold Zimmer
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie Freie Universität Berlin Takustrasse 3 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Dieter Lentz
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie Freie Universität Berlin Takustrasse 3 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Hans‐Ulrich Reissig
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie Freie Universität Berlin Takustrasse 3 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Ernst‐Ulrich Würthwein
- Organisch‐Chemisches Institut and Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation (CMTC) Westfälische Wilhelms‐Universität Münster Corrensstrasse 40 48149 Münster Germany
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4
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Lechel T, Kumar R, Bera MK, Zimmer R, Reissig HU. The LANCA three-component reaction to highly substituted β-ketoenamides - versatile intermediates for the synthesis of functionalized pyridine, pyrimidine, oxazole and quinoxaline derivatives. Beilstein J Org Chem 2019; 15:655-678. [PMID: 30931007 PMCID: PMC6423578 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.15.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The LANCA three-component reaction of lithiated alkoxyallenes LA, nitriles N and carboxylic acids CA leads to β-ketoenamides KE in good to excellent yields. The scope of this reaction is very broad and almost all types of nitriles and carboxylic acids have successfully been used. The alkoxy group introduced via the allene component is also variable and hence the subsequent transformation of this substituent into a hydroxy group can be performed under different conditions. Enantiopure nitriles or carboxylic acids can also be employed leading to chiral KE with high enantiopurity and dinitriles or dicarboxylic acids also lead to the expected bis-β-ketoenamides. β-Ketoenamides incorporate a unique combination of functional groups and hence a manifold of subsequent reactions to highly substituted heterocyclic compounds is possible. An intramolecular aldol-type condensation reaction efficiently furnishes pyridin-4-ols PY that can be further modified by palladium-catalyzed reactions, e.g., to specifically substituted furopyridine derivatives. Condensations of β-ketoenamides with ammonium salts or with hydroxylamine hydrochloride afford pyrimidines PM or pyrimidine N-oxides PO with a highly flexible substitution pattern in good yields. The functional groups of these heterocycles also allow a variety of subsequent reactions to various pyrimidine derivatives. On the other hand, acid-labile alkoxy substituents such as a 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethoxy group are required for the conversion of β-ketoenamides into 5-acetyl-substituted oxazoles OX, again compounds with high potential for subsequent functional group transformations. For acid labile β-ketoenamides bearing bulky substituents the acid treatment leads to acylamido-substituted 1,2-diketones DK that could be converted into quinoxalines QU. All classes of heterocycles accessed through the key β-ketoenamides show a unique substitution pattern - not easily accomplishable by alternative methods - and therefore many subsequent reactions are possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tilman Lechel
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Roopender Kumar
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, D-14195 Berlin, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EW Cambridge, UK
| | - Mrinal K Bera
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, D-14195 Berlin, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, PO-Botanic Garden, Howrah-711 103 (WB), India
| | - Reinhold Zimmer
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Reissig
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
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5
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Rodríguez-Aguilar J, Vidal M, Pastenes C, Aliaga C, Rezende MC, Domínguez M. The Solvatofluorochromism of 2,4,6-Triarylpyrimidine Derivatives. Photochem Photobiol 2018; 94:1100-1108. [PMID: 29984405 DOI: 10.1111/php.12982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Seven new 2,4,6-triarylpyrimidines were synthesized and their solvatofluorochromism investigated in 12 solvents and in an aqueous micellar solution of reduced Triton X-100. A multiparametric analysis of their emission band showed that the solvent dipolarity and basicity were mainly responsible for their solvatofluorochromism, which arose from an internal charge-transfer from a donor fragment to the pyrimidine acceptor, confirmed by theoretical calculations. In the micellar system, quenching of their fluorescence by addition of derivatives of 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinoxyl (TEMPO) radical was investigated and the results were consistent with the spectral changes brought about by the micro-heterogeneous system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matías Vidal
- Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Camila Pastenes
- Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carolina Aliaga
- Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Centro para el Desarrollo de la Nanociencia y la Nanotecnología-CEDENNA, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Moisés Domínguez
- Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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6
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Jubeen F, Iqbal SZ, Shafiq N, Khan M, Parveen S, Iqbal M, Nazir A. Eco-friendly synthesis of pyrimidines and its derivatives: A review on broad spectrum bioactive moiety with huge therapeutic profile. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2017.1408840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Farhat Jubeen
- Department of Chemistry, Government College Women University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sania Zafar Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry, Government College Women University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Nusrat Shafiq
- Department of Chemistry, Government College Women University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Maryam Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Government College Women University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shagufta Parveen
- Department of Chemistry, Government College Women University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Munawar Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Arif Nazir
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
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7
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Mahfoudh M, Abderrahim R, Leclerc E, Campagne JM. Recent Approaches to the Synthesis of Pyrimidine Derivatives. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201700008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mafakher Mahfoudh
- Institut Charles Gerhardt - UMR 5253 CNRS; Ecole Nationale Supérieur de Chimie de Montpellier; 8, rue de L'Ecole Normale 34296 Montpellier cedex 5 France
- Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte; Université de Carthage; 7021 Jarzouna Tunisie
| | - Raoudha Abderrahim
- Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte; Université de Carthage; 7021 Jarzouna Tunisie
| | - Eric Leclerc
- Institut Charles Gerhardt - UMR 5253 CNRS; Ecole Nationale Supérieur de Chimie de Montpellier; 8, rue de L'Ecole Normale 34296 Montpellier cedex 5 France
| | - Jean-Marc Campagne
- Institut Charles Gerhardt - UMR 5253 CNRS; Ecole Nationale Supérieur de Chimie de Montpellier; 8, rue de L'Ecole Normale 34296 Montpellier cedex 5 France
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8
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Salem MA, Helel MH, Ammar YA, El-Gaby MSA, Thabet HK, Gouda MA. Diphenic acid derivatives: Synthesis, reactions, and applications. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2017.1298805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. A. Salem
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, King Khalid University, Mohail Assir, KSA
| | - M. H. Helel
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, Northern Border University, Rafha, KSA
| | - Y. A. Ammar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - M. S. A. El-Gaby
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - H. Kh. Thabet
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, Northern Border University, Rafha, KSA
| | - M. A. Gouda
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, Taibah University, Ulla, KSA
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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9
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Reissig HU, Domínguez M. N-Methylpyridinium-4-phenolates: Generation of a Betaine Dye Library Bearing Different Spacer Units and Their Solvatochromism. ChemistrySelect 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201601148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Ulrich Reissig
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie; Freie Universität Berlin; Takustrasse 3 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Moisés Domínguez
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie; Freie Universität Berlin; Takustrasse 3 14195 Berlin Germany
- Facultad de Química y Biología; Universidad de Santiago de Chile; Avenida Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 3363 Santiago Chile
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10
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Hommes P, Reissig HU. Synthesis of highly functionalized 2,2'-bipyridines by cyclocondensation of β-ketoenamides - scope and limitations. Beilstein J Org Chem 2016; 12:1170-7. [PMID: 27559368 PMCID: PMC4979911 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.12.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The scope of a flexible route to unsymmetrically functionalized bipyridines is described. Starting from 1,3-diketones 1a–e, the corresponding β-ketoenamines 2a–e were converted into different β-ketoenamides 3a–g by N-acylation with 2-pyridinecarboxylic acid derivatives. These β-ketoenamides were treated with a mixture of TMSOTf and Hünig’s base to promote the cyclocondensation to 4-hydroxypyridine derivatives. Their immediate O-nonaflation employing nonafluorobutanesulfonyl fluoride provided the expected 4-nonafloxy-substituted bipyridine derivatives 5a–g in moderate to good overall yields. The bipyridyl nonaflates are excellent precursors for palladium-catalyzed reactions as demonstrated by representative Suzuki and Sonogashira couplings. Thus, a library of specifically substituted bipyridine derivatives was generated, showing the versatility of the simple 1,3-diketone-based approach to this important class of ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Hommes
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Takustrasse 3, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Reissig
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Takustrasse 3, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
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11
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The chemistry of the carbon-transition metal double and triple bond: Annual survey covering the year 2014. Coord Chem Rev 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2015.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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12
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Hommes P, Reissig HU. Functionalization of Highly Substituted 2,2′:6′,2″-Terpyridine Derivatives. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201501299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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13
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Podolan G, Hettmanczyk L, Hommes P, Sarkar B, Reissig HU. Synthesis and (Spectro)electrochemistry of Ferrocenyl-Substituted Pyridine Derivatives. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201501163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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14
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Hommes P, Fischer C, Lindner C, Zipse H, Reissig HU. Unprecedented Strong Lewis Bases-Synthesis and Methyl Cation Affinities of Dimethylamino-Substituted Terpyridines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:7647-51. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201403403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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15
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Hommes P, Fischer C, Lindner C, Zipse H, Reißig HU. Extrem starke Lewis-Basen - Synthese und Methylkationaffinitäten von Dimethylamino-substituierten Terpyridinen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201403403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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