1
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Phan CS, Morinaka BI. Bacterial cyclophane-containing RiPPs from radical SAM enzymes. Nat Prod Rep 2024; 41:708-720. [PMID: 38047390 DOI: 10.1039/d3np00030c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Covering: 2016 to 2023Ribosomally synthesized and posttranslationally modified peptides (RiPPs) continue to be a rich source of chemically diverse and bioactive peptide natural products. In recent years, cyclophane-containing RiPP natural products and their biosynthetic pathways have been more frequently encountered. This highlight will focus on bacterial monoaryl cyclophane-containing RiPPs. This class of RiPPs is produced by radical SAM/SPASM enzymes that form a crosslink between the aromatic ring and sidechain of two amino acid residues of the precursor peptide. Selected natural products from these pathways exhibit specific antibacterial activity against gram-negative pathogens. The approaches used to discover these pathways and products will be described and categorized as natural product-first or enzyme-first. The breadth of ring systems formed by the enzymes, enzyme mechanism, and recent reports of synthetic methods for constructing these ring systems will also be presented. Bacterial cyclophane-containing RiPPs and their biosynthetic enzymes represent an untapped source of scaffolds for drug discovery and tools for synthetic biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Soon Phan
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, 4 Science Dr 2, Singapore 117544, Singapore.
| | - Brandon I Morinaka
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, 4 Science Dr 2, Singapore 117544, Singapore.
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2
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Islamov II, Dzhemileva LU, Gaisin IV, Dzhemilev UM, D′yakonov VA. New Polyether Macrocycles as Promising Antitumor Agents-Targeted Synthesis and Induction of Mitochondrial Apoptosis. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:19923-19931. [PMID: 38737069 PMCID: PMC11079895 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c09566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
A series of previously unknown aromatic polyether macrodiolides containing a cis,cis-1,5-diene moiety in the molecule were synthesized in 47-74% yields. Macrocycle compounds were first obtained by intermolecular esterification of aromatic polyether diols with α,ω-alka-nZ,(n+4)Z-dienedioic acids mediated by N-(3-(dimethylamino)propyl)-N'-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC·HCl) and 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine (DMAP). For the synthesized compounds, studies of cytotoxicity on tumor (Jurkat, K562, U937), conditionally normal (HEK293) cell lines, and normal fibroblasts were carried out. CC50 was determined, and the therapeutic selectivity index of cytotoxic action (SI) in comparison with normal fibroblasts was evaluated. With the involvement of modern methods of flow cytometry for the most promising macrocycles, their effect on mitochondria and the cell cycle was investigated. It was found that a new macrocycle exhibits pronounced apoptosis-inducing activity toward Jurkat cells and can retard cell division by blocking at the G1/S checkpoint. Also, it was shown that the synthesized macrodiolides influence mitochondria due to their high ability to penetrate the mitochondrial membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilgiz I. Islamov
- Institute
of Petrochemistry and Catalysis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 141 Prospekt Oktyabrya, Ufa 450075, Russian Federation
| | - Lilya U. Dzhemileva
- N.
D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospekt, 47, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
- State
Scientific Center of the Russian Federation Federal State Budgetary
Institution, “National Medical Research
Center of Endocrinology” of the Ministry of Health
of the Russian Federation, st. Dmitry Ulyanov, 11, Moscow 117292, Russian Federation
| | - Ilgam V. Gaisin
- Institute
of Petrochemistry and Catalysis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 141 Prospekt Oktyabrya, Ufa 450075, Russian Federation
| | - Usein M. Dzhemilev
- N.
D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospekt, 47, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir A. D′yakonov
- N.
D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospekt, 47, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
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3
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Li J, Dong Z, Chen Y, Yang Z, Yan X, Wang M, Li C, Zhao C. N-Heterocyclic carbene-catalyzed enantioselective synthesis of planar-chiral cyclophanes via dynamic kinetic resolution. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2338. [PMID: 38491016 PMCID: PMC10943026 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46376-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Planar-chiral cyclophanes have gained considerable concerns for drug discovery due to their unique conformational strain and 3D structure. However, the enantioselective synthesis of planar-chiral cyclophanes is a long-standing challenge for the synthetic community. We herein describe an N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-catalyzed asymmetric construction of planar-chiral cyclophanes. This transformation occurs through a dynamic kinetic resolution (DKR) process to convert racemic substrates into planar-chiral macrocycle scaffolds in good to high yields with high to excellent enantioselectivities. The ansa chain length and aromatic ring substituent size is crucial to achieve the DKR approach. Controlled experiments and DFT calculations were performed to clarify the DKR process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayan Li
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Ziyang Dong
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Zhanhui Yang
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xinen Yan
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Chenyang Li
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
| | - Changgui Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
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4
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Zhu D, Mu T, Li ZL, Luo HY, Cao RF, Xue XS, Chen ZM. Enantioselective Synthesis of Planar-Chiral Sulfur-Containing Cyclophanes by Chiral Sulfide Catalyzed Electrophilic Sulfenylation of Arenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202318625. [PMID: 38231132 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202318625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
An efficient catalytic asymmetric electrophilic sulfenylation reaction for the synthesis of planar-chiral sulfur-containing cyclophanes has been developed for the first time. This was achieved by using a new Lewis base catalyst and a new ortho-trifluoromethyl-substituted sulfenylating reagent. Using the substrates with low rotational energy barrier, the transformation proceeded through a dynamic kinetic resolution, and the high rotational energy barrier of the substrates allowed the reaction to undergo a kinetic resolution process. Meanwhile, this transformation was compatible with a desymmetrization process when the symmetric substrates were used. Various planar-chiral sulfur-containing cyclophanes were readily obtained in moderate to excellent yields with moderate to excellent enantioselectivities (up to 97 % yield and 95 % ee). This approach was used to synthesize pharmaceutically relevant planar-chiral sulfur-containing molecules. Density functional theory calculations showed that π-π interactions between the sulfenyl group and the aromatic ring in the substrate play a crucial role in enantioinduction in this sulfenylation reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deng Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Tong Mu
- Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Nitrogen Chemistry and Advanced Materials, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200232, P. R. China
| | - Ze-Long Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Hui-Yun Luo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Ren-Fei Cao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Song Xue
- Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Nitrogen Chemistry and Advanced Materials, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200232, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Material Sciences, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou, 310024, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Min Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
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5
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Wang J, Wang M, Wen Y, Teng P, Li C, Zhao C. N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Catalyzed Highly Enantioselective Macrolactonization to Access Planar-Chiral Macrocycles. Org Lett 2024; 26:1040-1045. [PMID: 38295348 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c04200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
An N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-catalyzed atroposelective macrolactonization has been disclosed. This approach affords planar-chiral macrocycles in high yields with excellent enantioselectivities over a broad substrate scope. Controlled experiments suggest that the enantioselectivity might arise from the cation-n interaction between the acyl azolium and the electron-rich moiety in the substrate. This mechanism is supported by density functional theory calculations, which also suggest an important π-π interaction in stabilizing the transition state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yilu Wen
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Peng Teng
- Institute of Drug Discovery and Design, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Chenyang Li
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Changgui Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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6
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Guo H, Qiu S, Xu P. One-Carbon Ring Expansion of Indoles and Pyrroles: A Straightforward Access to 3-Fluorinated Quinolines and Pyridines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023:e202317104. [PMID: 38079290 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202317104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
3-Fluorinated quinolines and pyridines are prevalent pharmacophores, yet their synthesis is often challenging. Herein, we demonstrate that dibromofluoromethane as bromofluorocarbene source enables the one-carbon ring expansion of readily available indoles and pyrroles to structurally diverse 3-fluorinated quinolines and pyridines. This straightforward protocol requires only a short reaction time of ten minutes and can be performed under air atmosphere. Preliminary investigations reveal that this strategy can also be applied to the synthesis of other valuable azines by using different 1,1-dibromoalkanes as bromocarbene sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaixuan Guo
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, 200444, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Shiqin Qiu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, 200444, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Peng Xu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, 200444, Shanghai, P. R. China
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7
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Jayasree EG, Sukumar C. Strained thiacyclophanes: Reducing properties and gauge of transannular interactions. J Mol Graph Model 2023; 125:108607. [PMID: 37634277 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2023.108607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
The current study involves the investigation of reducing properties of disulfide bonded heteraphanes. The calculated adiabatic electron affinity (AEA) values of heteraphanes are found comparable to that of cystine molecule and are capable of undergoing reversible redox reactions. In aqueous phase, these show high propensity to get reduced. The reaction energies calculated using isodesmic equations reflect the strain associated with the studied thiacyclophane models. Increase in the number of disulfide bonds results in less strain and more stabilization. Through-space transannular interactions in the selected heteraphanes have a decisive influence on the structure stabilization associated with the systems. The results reported in the current study are expected to play a vital role while designing redox driven drug carriers by incorporating these systems in biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chinthu Sukumar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kerala, Kerala, 695581, India
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8
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Dong Z, Li J, Yao T, Zhao C. Palladium-Catalyzed Enantioselective C-H Olefination to Access Planar-Chiral Cyclophanes by Dynamic Kinetic Resolution. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023:e202315603. [PMID: 37919238 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202315603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Planar-chiral cyclophanes have received increasing attention for drug discovery and catalyst design. However, the catalytically asymmetric synthesis of planar-chiral cyclophanes has been a longstanding challenge. We describe the first Pd(II)-catalyzed enantioselective C-H olefination of prochiral cyclophanes. The low rotational barrier of less hindered benzene ring in the substrates allows the reaction to proceed through a dynamic kinetic resolution. This approach exhibits broad substrate scope, providing the planar-chiral cyclophanes in high yields (up to 99 %) with excellent enantioselectivities (up to >99 % ee). The ansa chain length scope studies reveal that the chirality of the cyclophanes arises from the bond rotation constraint of the benzene ring around the macrocycle plane, rather than the C-N axis. The C-H activation approach is also applicable to the late-stage modification of bioactive molecules and pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyang Dong
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875 (P. R., China
| | - Jia Li
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875 (P. R., China
| | - Ting Yao
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875 (P. R., China
| | - Changgui Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875 (P. R., China
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9
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Haensch VG, Görls H, Hertweck C. A Photochemical Macrocyclization Route to Asymmetric Strained [3.2] Paracyclophanes. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202202577. [PMID: 36094023 PMCID: PMC10092696 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The intricate frameworks of paracyclophanes are an important target for synthesis since they are found in various chiral auxiliaries, solar cells, high-performance plastics, pharmaceuticals, and molecular machines. Whereas numerous methods exist for the preparation of symmetric paracyclophanes, protocols for the efficient synthesis of strained asymmetric scaffolds are limited. Here we report a remarkably simple photochemical route to strained [3.2]paracyclophanes starting from readily available educts. By way of NMR and X-ray analyses, we discovered that UV-irradiation of an aromatic carboxylic ester tethered to a toluene moiety leads to the intramolecular formation of a new C-C bond, with loss of an alcohol. A systematic evaluation of the reaction conditions and substituents, as well as radical starter and triplet quenching experiments, point to a reaction mechanism involving an excited triplet state and hydrogen atom transfer. The new method proved to be robust and versatile enabling the synthesis of a range of cyclophanes with different substitutions, including an unusual diastereoisomer with two planar chiral centers, and thus proved to be a valuable addition to the synthetic toolbox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veit G Haensch
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, HKI, Beutenbergstrasse 11a, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Helmar Görls
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry (IAAC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 8, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Christian Hertweck
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, HKI, Beutenbergstrasse 11a, 07745, Jena, Germany.,Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 8, 07743, Jena, Germany
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10
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Kotha S, Singh D, Bandi V. Design and Synthesis of Urazole Derivatives via Ring Closing Metathesis. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202203096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sambasivarao Kotha
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology-Bombay, Powai Mumbai 400 076 India
| | - Deepshikha Singh
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology-Bombay, Powai Mumbai 400 076 India
| | - Vijayalakshmi Bandi
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology-Bombay, Powai Mumbai 400 076 India
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11
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Islam MM, Wang CZ, Sharma B, Rahman S, Georghiou PE, Alodhayb A, Matsumoto T, Tanaka J, Yamato T. Synthesis and DFT conformational analysis of trimethyl-functionalized [2.2]metacyclophanes and their Lewis-acid assisted reactions. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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12
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Pigot C, Brunel D, Dumur F. Indane-1,3-Dione: From Synthetic Strategies to Applications. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27185976. [PMID: 36144711 PMCID: PMC9501146 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27185976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Indane-1,3-dione is a versatile building block used in numerous applications ranging from biosensing, bioactivity, bioimaging to electronics or photopolymerization. In this review, an overview of the different chemical reactions enabling access to this scaffold but also to the most common derivatives of indane-1,3-dione are presented. Parallel to this, the different applications in which indane-1,3-dione-based structures have been used are also presented, evidencing the versatility of this structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corentin Pigot
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR, UMR 7273, F-13397 Marseille, France
| | - Damien Brunel
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR, UMR 7273, F-13397 Marseille, France
| | - Frédéric Dumur
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR, UMR 7273, F-13397 Marseille, France
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13
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Roy I, David AHG, Das PJ, Pe DJ, Stoddart JF. Fluorescent cyclophanes and their applications. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:5557-5605. [PMID: 35704949 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00352b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
With the serendipitous discovery of crown ethers by Pedersen more than half a century ago and the subsequent introduction of host-guest chemistry and supramolecular chemistry by Cram and Lehn, respectively, followed by the design and synthesis of wholly synthetic cyclophanes-in particular, fluorescent cyclophanes, having rich structural characteristics and functions-have been the focus of considerable research activity during the past few decades. Cyclophanes with remarkable emissive properties have been investigated continuously over the years and employed in numerous applications across the field of science and technology. In this Review, we feature the recent developments in the chemistry of fluorescent cyclophanes, along with their design and synthesis. Their host-guest chemistry and applications related to their structure and properties are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indranil Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, USA.
| | - Arthur H G David
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, USA.
| | - Partha Jyoti Das
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, USA.
| | - David J Pe
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, USA.
| | - J Fraser Stoddart
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, USA. .,School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.,Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310021, China.,ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center Hangzhou, 311215, China
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14
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Wang D, Shao Y, Chen Y, Xue X, Yang X. Enantioselective Synthesis of Planar‐Chiral Macrocycles through Asymmetric Electrophilic Aromatic Amination. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202201064. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202201064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Donglei Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology ShanghaiTech University Shanghai 201210 P. R. China
| | - Ying‐Bo Shao
- College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
| | - Yunrong Chen
- School of Physical Science and Technology ShanghaiTech University Shanghai 201210 P. R. China
| | - Xiao‐Song Xue
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan Hangzhou 310024 China
| | - Xiaoyu Yang
- School of Physical Science and Technology ShanghaiTech University Shanghai 201210 P. R. China
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15
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Zhang X, Mackinnon MR, Bodwell GJ, Ito S. Synthesis of a π-Extended Azacorannulenophane Enabled by Strain-Induced 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202116585. [PMID: 35148448 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202116585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The first example of a cyclophane bearing a nitrogen-containing buckybowl was synthesized via sequential 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition and palladium-catalyzed intramolecular cyclization. The key to the successful synthesis is the strain-induced 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of a polycyclic aromatic azomethine ylide to the K-region of [7](2,7)pyrenophane. The resulting π-extended azacorannulenophane exhibits intriguing structural and physical properties, including unique variation of bowl depth, extraordinarily high-field chemical shifts in its 1 H NMR spectrum, a decreased HOMO-LUMO gap, and a red shift in the absorption/emission spectrum, when compared to those of the parent azacorannulene. These characteristics are derived from both the π-extension to the polycyclic aromatic system in the cyclophane structure and the increased curvature enforced by the seven-carbon aliphatic chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinjiang Zhang
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Marc R Mackinnon
- Department of Chemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1B 3X7, Canada
| | - Graham J Bodwell
- Department of Chemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1B 3X7, Canada
| | - Shingo Ito
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
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16
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Wang D, Shao Y, Chen Y, Xue X, Yang X. Enantioselective Synthesis of Planar‐Chiral Macrocycles through Asymmetric Electrophilic Aromatic Amination. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202201064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Donglei Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology ShanghaiTech University Shanghai 201210 P. R. China
| | - Ying‐Bo Shao
- College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
| | - Yunrong Chen
- School of Physical Science and Technology ShanghaiTech University Shanghai 201210 P. R. China
| | - Xiao‐Song Xue
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan Hangzhou 310024 China
| | - Xiaoyu Yang
- School of Physical Science and Technology ShanghaiTech University Shanghai 201210 P. R. China
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17
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Zhang X, Mackinnon MR, Bodwell GJ, Ito S. Synthesis of a π‐Extended Azacorannulenophane Enabled by Strain‐Induced 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202116585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinjiang Zhang
- Nanyang Technological University School of Physical and Mathematical sciences 21 Nanyang Link 637371 Singapore SINGAPORE
| | - Marc R. Mackinnon
- Memorial University of Newfoundland Chemistry A1B 3X7 St. John's CANADA
| | - Graham J. Bodwell
- Memorial University of Newfoundland Chemistry A1B 3X7 St. John’s CANADA
| | - Shingo Ito
- Nanyang Technological University School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry 21 Nanyang Link 637371 Singapore SINGAPORE
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18
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López R, Palomo C. Planar Chirality: A Mine for Catalysis and Structure Discovery. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202113504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rosa López
- Department of Organic Chemistry I Faculty of Chemistry University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) Manuel de Lardizabal 3 20018 San Sebastián Spain
| | - Claudio Palomo
- Department of Organic Chemistry I Faculty of Chemistry University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) Manuel de Lardizabal 3 20018 San Sebastián Spain
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19
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Affiliation(s)
- Sambasivarao Kotha
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology-Bombay Powai Mumbai 400 076 India
| | - Ambareen Fatma
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology-Bombay Powai Mumbai 400 076 India
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20
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Affiliation(s)
- Sambasivarao Kotha
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai Mumbai 400 076 India
| | | | - Yellaiah Tangella
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai Mumbai 400 076 India
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21
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Computational Insight into the Rope-Skipping Isomerization of Diarylether Cyclophanes. Symmetry (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/sym13112127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The restricted rotation of chemical bonds may lead to the formation of stable, conformationally chiral molecules. While the asymmetry in chiral molecules is generally observed in the presence of one or more stereocenters, asymmetry exhibited by conformational chirality in compounds lacking stereocenters, called atropisomerism, depends on structural and temperature factors that are still not fully understood. This atropisomerism is observed in natural diarylether heptanoids where the length of the intramolecular tether constrains the compounds to isolable enantiomers at room temperature. In this work, we examine the impact tether length has on the activation free energies to isomerization of a diarylether cyclophane substructure with a tether ranging from 6 to 14 carbons. Racemization activation energies are observed to decay from 48 kcal/mol for a 7-carbon tether to 9.2 kcal/mol for a 14-carbon tether. Synthetic efforts to experimentally test these constraints are also presented. This work will likely guide the design and synthesis of novel asymmetric cyclophanes that will be of interest in the catalysis community given the importance of atropisomeric ligands in the field of asymmetric catalysis.
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22
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Lopez R, Palomo C. Planar Chirality: A mine for catalysis and structure discovery. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202113504. [PMID: 34717037 PMCID: PMC9304569 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202113504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Planar chirality is one of the most fascinating expressions of chirality, exploited by Nature to lock three-dimensional chiral conformations and, more recently, by chemists to create new chiral reagents, catalysts and functional organic materials. Nevertheless, the shortage of protocols able to induce and secure asymmetry during the generation of these unique chiral entities has dissuaded chemists to exploit their structural properties. This Minireview intends to illustrate the limited but remarkable catalytic methodologies reported for the production of planar chirality in strained molecules and serve as source of inspiration for the development of new unconventional protocols that are expected to come in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Lopez
- University of the Basque Country, Dept. of Organic Chemistry I, Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20009, San Sebastán, SPAIN
| | - Claudio Palomo
- University of the Basque Country: Universidad del Pais Vasco, Department of Organic Chemistry I, SPAIN
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23
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Force G, Perfetto A, Mayer RJ, Ciofini I, Lebœuf D. Macrolactonization Reactions Driven by a Pentafluorobenzoyl Group**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202105882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Force
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO) CNRS UMR 8182 Université Paris-Saclay Bâtiment 420 91405 Orsay France
| | - Anna Perfetto
- Chimie Paris-Tech PSL CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Health and Life Science (I-CLeHS) Theoretical Chemistry and Modelling Group (CTM) 75005 Paris France
| | - Robert J. Mayer
- Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS) CNRS UMR 7006 Université de Strasbourg 8 allée Gaspard Monge 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Ilaria Ciofini
- Chimie Paris-Tech PSL CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Health and Life Science (I-CLeHS) Theoretical Chemistry and Modelling Group (CTM) 75005 Paris France
| | - David Lebœuf
- Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS) CNRS UMR 7006 Université de Strasbourg 8 allée Gaspard Monge 67000 Strasbourg France
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24
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Dherange BD, Kelly PQ, Liles JP, Sigman MS, Levin MD. Carbon Atom Insertion into Pyrroles and Indoles Promoted by Chlorodiazirines. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:11337-11344. [PMID: 34286965 PMCID: PMC8343525 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c06287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Herein, we report a reaction that
selectively generates 3-arylpyridine
and quinoline motifs by inserting aryl carbynyl cation equivalents
into pyrrole and indole cores, respectively. By employing α-chlorodiazirines
as thermal precursors to the corresponding chlorocarbenes, the traditional
haloform-based protocol central to the parent Ciamician-Dennstedt
rearrangement can be modified to directly afford 3-(hetero)arylpyridines
and quinolines. Chlorodiazirines are conveniently prepared in a single
step by oxidation of commercially available amidinium salts. Selectivity
as a function of pyrrole substitution pattern was examined, and a
predictive model based on steric effects is put forward, with DFT
calculations supporting a selectivity-determining cyclopropanation
step. Computations surprisingly indicate that the stereochemistry
of cyclopropanation is of little consequence to the subsequent electrocyclic
ring opening that forges the pyridine core, due to a compensatory
homoaromatic stabilization that counterbalances orbital-controlled
torquoselectivity effects. The utility of this skeletal transform
is further demonstrated through the preparation of quinolinophanes
and the skeletal editing of pharmaceutically relevant pyrroles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balu D Dherange
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Patrick Q Kelly
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Jordan P Liles
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Matthew S Sigman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Mark D Levin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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25
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Force G, Perfetto A, Mayer RJ, Ciofini I, Lebœuf D. Macrolactonization Reactions Driven by a Pentafluorobenzoyl Group*. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:19843-19851. [PMID: 34213811 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202105882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Macrolactones constitute a privileged class of natural and synthetic products with a broad range of applications in the fine chemicals and pharmaceutical industry. Despite all the progress made towards their synthesis, notably from seco-acids, a macrolactonization promoter system that is effective, selective, flexible, readily available, and, insofar as possible, compatible with manifold functional groups is still lacking. Herein, we describe a strategy that relies on the formation of a mixed anhydride incorporating a pentafluorophenyl group which, due to its high electronic activation enables a convenient access to macrolactones, macrodiolides and esters with a broad versatility. Kinetic studies and DFT computations were performed to rationalize the reactivity of the pentafluorophenyl group in macrolactonization reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Force
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO), CNRS UMR 8182, Université Paris-Saclay, Bâtiment 420, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Anna Perfetto
- Chimie Paris-Tech, PSL, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Health and Life Science (I-CLeHS), Theoretical Chemistry and Modelling Group (CTM), 75005, Paris, France
| | - Robert J Mayer
- Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS), CNRS UMR 7006, Université de Strasbourg, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Ilaria Ciofini
- Chimie Paris-Tech, PSL, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Health and Life Science (I-CLeHS), Theoretical Chemistry and Modelling Group (CTM), 75005, Paris, France
| | - David Lebœuf
- Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS), CNRS UMR 7006, Université de Strasbourg, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000, Strasbourg, France
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26
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Biletskyi B, Colonna P, Masson K, Parrain JL, Commeiras L, Chouraqui G. Small rings in the bigger picture: ring expansion of three- and four-membered rings to access larger all-carbon cyclic systems. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:7513-7538. [PMID: 34002179 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01396j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The release of the inherent ring strain of cyclobutane and cyclopropane derivatives allows a rapid build-up of molecular complexity. This review highlights the state-of-the-art of the ring expansions of three- and four-membered cycles and is organised by types of reactions with emphasis on the reaction mechanisms. Selected examples are discussed to illustrate the synthetic potential of this elegant synthetic tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohdan Biletskyi
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille, France.
| | - Pierre Colonna
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille, France.
| | - Kévin Masson
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille, France.
| | - Jean-Luc Parrain
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille, France.
| | - Laurent Commeiras
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille, France.
| | - Gaëlle Chouraqui
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille, France.
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27
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Weinzierl D, Waser M. Synthesis of [2.2]Paracyclophane‐Based Glycidic Amides Using Chiral Ammonium Ylides. Helv Chim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.202100073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Weinzierl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Johannes Kepler University Linz Altenbergerstr. 69 AT-4040 Linz Austria
| | - Mario Waser
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Johannes Kepler University Linz Altenbergerstr. 69 AT-4040 Linz Austria
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28
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Weinzierl D, Waser M. Chiral isothiourea-catalyzed kinetic resolution of 4-hydroxy[2.2]paracyclophane. Beilstein J Org Chem 2021; 17:800-804. [PMID: 33889220 PMCID: PMC8042488 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.17.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We herein report a method for the kinetic resolution of racemic 4-hydroxy[2.2]paracyclophane by means of a chiral isothiourea-catalyzed acylation with isobutyric anhydride. This protocol allows for a reasonable synthetically useful s-factor of 20 and provides a novel entry to obtain this interesting planar chiral motive in an enantioenriched manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Weinzierl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstrasse 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Mario Waser
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstrasse 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
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29
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Wang Y, Joullié MM. Approaches to Cyclophane-Types of Cyclopeptide Alkaloids. CHEM REC 2021; 21:906-923. [PMID: 33656243 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The cyclopeptide alkaloids are cyclic depsipeptides incorporating cyclophanes with polyamide units 13-, 14- and 15-membered macrocyclic systems. Although various pharmacological activities have been ascribed to cyclopeptide alkaloids from plants of the Rhamnacea family, these studies have been hampered by their low availability due to the lack of reasonable amounts distributed in nature. Therefore, novel and efficient synthetic approaches should be an important aim, which inspired us to examine how to diversely construct the unique structures of this type of natural products. In this account, several typical strategies are presented in terms of efficient, stereocontrolled and regioselective synthesis of cyclopeptide alkaloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhao Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S. 34th St., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Madeleine M Joullié
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S. 34th St., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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30
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Hempe M, Harrison AK, Ward JS, Batsanov AS, Fox MA, Dias FB, Bryce MR. Cyclophane Molecules Exhibiting Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence: Linking Donor Units to Influence Molecular Conformation. J Org Chem 2021; 86:429-445. [PMID: 33251794 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The synthetic methodology to covalently link donors to form cyclophane-based thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) molecules is presented. These are the first reported examples of TADF cyclophanes with "electronically innocent" bridges between the donor units. Using a phenothiazine-dibenzothiophene-S,S-dioxide donor-acceptor-donor (D-A-D) system, the two phenothiazine (PTZ) donor units were linked by three different strategies: (i) ester condensation, (ii) ether synthesis, and (iii) ring closing metathesis. Detailed X-ray crystallographic, photophysical and computational analyses show that the cyclophane molecular architecture alters the conformational distribution of the PTZ units, while retaining a certain degree of rotational freedom of the intersegmental D-A axes that is crucial for efficient TADF. Despite their different structures, the cyclophanes and their nonbridged precursors have similar photophysical properties since they emit through similar excited states resulting from the presence of the equatorial conformation of their PTZ donor segments. In particular, the axial-axial conformations, known to be detrimental to the TADF process, are suppressed by linking the PTZ units to form a cyclophane. The work establishes a versatile linking strategy that could be used in further functionalization while retaining the excellent photophysical properties of the parent D-A-D system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Hempe
- Chemistry Department, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, U.K
| | | | - Jonathan S Ward
- Chemistry Department, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, U.K
| | - Andrei S Batsanov
- Chemistry Department, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, U.K
| | - Mark A Fox
- Chemistry Department, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, U.K
| | - Fernando B Dias
- Physics Department, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, U.K
| | - Martin R Bryce
- Chemistry Department, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, U.K
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31
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Kotha S, Gupta NK, Ansari S. ( E)-3-Thia-1,5(1,3)-dibenzenacycloundecaphan-8-ene-6,11-dione 3,3-dioxide. IUCRDATA 2020; 5:x201464. [DOI: 10.1107/s2414314620014649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular structure of the title cyclophane, C20H18O4S, has two benzyl groups, a sulfone group, and two carbonyl groups adjacent to a double bond. The phenyl rings do not show intramolecular stacking.
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32
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Eaton MC, Knight BJ, Brahmi R, Ferreira RB, Catalano VJ, Rheingold AL, Ghiviriga I, Murray LJ. Synthetic Factors Governing Access to Tris(β-diketimine) Cyclophanes versus Tripodal Tri-β-aminoenones. J Org Chem 2020; 85:13579-13588. [PMID: 33107735 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Tris(β-diketimine) cyclophanes are an important ligand class for investigating cooperative multimetallic interactions of bioinorganic clusters. Discussed herein are the synthetic factors governing access to tris(β-diketimine) cyclophanes versus tripodal tri-β-aminoenones. Cyclophanes bearing Me, Et, and MeO cap substituents and β-Me, Et, or Ph arm substituents are obtained, and a modified condensation method produced α-Me β-Me cyclophane. These operationally simple procedures produce the ligands in gram quantities and in 22-94% yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary C Eaton
- Center for Catalysis and Florida Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, 214 Leigh Hall, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Brian J Knight
- Center for Catalysis and Florida Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, 214 Leigh Hall, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Robin Brahmi
- Center for Catalysis and Florida Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, 214 Leigh Hall, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Ricardo B Ferreira
- Center for Catalysis and Florida Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, 214 Leigh Hall, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Vincent J Catalano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557, United States
| | - Arnold L Rheingold
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, California 92093, United States
| | - Ion Ghiviriga
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, 214 Leigh Hall, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Leslie J Murray
- Center for Catalysis and Florida Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, 214 Leigh Hall, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
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33
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Metrano AJ, Chinn AJ, Shugrue CR, Stone EA, Kim B, Miller SJ. Asymmetric Catalysis Mediated by Synthetic Peptides, Version 2.0: Expansion of Scope and Mechanisms. Chem Rev 2020; 120:11479-11615. [PMID: 32969640 PMCID: PMC8006536 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Low molecular weight synthetic peptides have been demonstrated to be effective catalysts for an increasingly wide array of asymmetric transformations. In many cases, these peptide-based catalysts have enabled novel multifunctional substrate activation modes and unprecedented selectivity manifolds. These features, along with their ease of preparation, modular and tunable structures, and often biomimetic attributes make peptides well-suited as chiral catalysts and of broad interest. Many examples of peptide-catalyzed asymmetric reactions have appeared in the literature since the last survey of this broad field in Chemical Reviews (Chem. Rev. 2007, 107, 5759-5812). The overarching goal of this new Review is to provide a comprehensive account of the numerous advances in the field. As a corollary to this goal, we survey the many different types of catalytic reactions, ranging from acylation to C-C bond formation, in which peptides have been successfully employed. In so doing, we devote significant discussion to the structural and mechanistic aspects of these reactions that are perhaps specific to peptide-based catalysts and their interactions with substrates and/or reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J. Metrano
- AstraZeneca Oncology R&D, 35 Gatehouse Dr., Waltham, MA 02451, United States
| | - Alex J. Chinn
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, United States
| | - Christopher R. Shugrue
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Elizabeth A. Stone
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, CT 06520, United States
| | - Byoungmoo Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, United States
| | - Scott J. Miller
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, CT 06520, United States
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34
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Sasai Y, Inoue R, Morisaki Y. Synthesis and Chiroptical Properties of †- and ‡-Shaped Molecules Based on Planar Chiral [2.2]Paracyclophane. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2020. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20200160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yusaku Sasai
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan
| | - Ryo Inoue
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Morisaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan
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35
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Aida Y, Nogami J, Sugiyama H, Uekusa H, Tanaka K. Enantioselective Synthesis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH)-Based Planar Chiral Bent Cyclophanes by Rhodium-Catalyzed [2+2+2] Cycloaddition. Chemistry 2020; 26:12579-12588. [PMID: 32350943 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The enantioselective synthesis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-based planar chiral cyclophanes was achieved for the first time by the rhodium-catalyzed intramolecular regio- and enantioselective [2+2+2] cycloaddition of tethered diyne-benzofulvenes followed by stepwise oxidative transformations. The thus synthesized planar chiral bent cyclophanes, that possess bent p-terphenyl- and 9-fluorenone-cores, were converted to 9-fluorenol-based ones with excellent ee values of >99 % by diastereoselective 1,2-reduction. These 9-fluorenol-based cyclophanes exhibited high fluorescence quantum yields, which were significantly higher than that of an acyclic reference molecule (78-82 % vs. 48 %). The bending effect on the chiroptical property was also examined, which revealed that the anisotropy factors (gabs values) for electronic circular dichroism (ECD) of these 9-fluorenol-based planar chiral bent cyclophanes increase as the tether length becomes shorter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukimasa Aida
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
| | - Juntaro Nogami
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
| | - Haruki Sugiyama
- Research and Education Center for Natural Sciences, Keio University, Hiyoshi 4-1-1, Kohoku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hidehiro Uekusa
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
| | - Ken Tanaka
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
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36
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Kotha S, Gupta NK, Ansari S. Facile Synthetic Route to [3.n]Thiacyclophanes through Ring‐Closing Metathesis and their Structural Studies. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sambasivarao Kotha
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology 400 076 Bombay, Powai Mumbai India
| | - Naveen Kumar Gupta
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology 400 076 Bombay, Powai Mumbai India
| | - Saima Ansari
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology 400 076 Bombay, Powai Mumbai India
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37
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Ueda Y, Suzuki K, Ohmori K. Synthesis of Enantiopure C2-Symmetric Anthracenophane and Dimerization En Route to Multiple-Bridged Cyclophanes. Org Lett 2020; 22:2002-2006. [PMID: 32083888 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c00354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report the stereocontrolled synthesis of enantiopure C2-symmetric anthracenophanes and their derivatization to D2-symmetric multiple-bridged cyclophanes via photoinduced [4 + 4] dimerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyuki Ueda
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Keisuke Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Ken Ohmori
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
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38
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Henderson WR, Zhu Y, Fagnani DE, Liu G, Abboud KA, Castellano RK. Self-Assembling [n.n]Paracyclophanes: A Structure–Property Relationship Study. J Org Chem 2019; 85:1158-1167. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b03120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Will R. Henderson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, PO Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Yu Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, PO Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Danielle E. Fagnani
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, PO Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Guancen Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, PO Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Khalil A. Abboud
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, PO Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Ronald K. Castellano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, PO Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
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39
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Martins TP, Rouger C, Glasser NR, Freitas S, de Fraissinette NB, Balskus EP, Tasdemir D, Leão PN. Chemistry, bioactivity and biosynthesis of cyanobacterial alkylresorcinols. Nat Prod Rep 2019; 36:1437-1461. [PMID: 30702733 PMCID: PMC6836626 DOI: 10.1039/c8np00080h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Covering: up to 2019 Alkylresorcinols are amphiphilic metabolites, well-known for their diverse biological activities, produced by both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. A few classes of alkylresorcinol scaffolds have been reported from the photoautotrophic cyanobacteria, ranging from the relatively simple hierridins to the more intricate cylindrocyclophanes. Recently, it has emerged that cyanobacteria employ two different biosynthetic pathways to produce unique alkylresorcinol scaffolds. However, these convergent pathways intersect by sharing biosynthetic elements which lead to common structural motifs. To obtain a broader view of the biochemical diversity of these compounds in cyanobacteria, we comprehensively cover the isolation, structure, biological activity and biosynthesis of their mono- and dialkylresorcinols. Moreover, we provide an overview of the diversity and distribution of alkylresorcinol-generating biosynthetic gene clusters in this phylum and highlight opportunities for discovery of novel alkylresorcinol scaffolds. Because some of these molecules have inspired notable syntheses, different approaches used to build these molecules in the laboratory are showcased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa P. Martins
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR)
, University of Porto
,
Matosinhos
, Portugal
.
| | - Caroline Rouger
- Research Unit Marine Natural Products Chemistry
, GEOMAR Centre for Marine Biotechnology (GEOMAR-Biotech)
, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel
,
Germany
| | - Nathaniel R. Glasser
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology
, Harvard University
,
Cambridge
, MA
, USA
| | - Sara Freitas
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR)
, University of Porto
,
Matosinhos
, Portugal
.
| | - Nelly B. de Fraissinette
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR)
, University of Porto
,
Matosinhos
, Portugal
.
| | - Emily P. Balskus
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology
, Harvard University
,
Cambridge
, MA
, USA
| | - Deniz Tasdemir
- Research Unit Marine Natural Products Chemistry
, GEOMAR Centre for Marine Biotechnology (GEOMAR-Biotech)
, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel
,
Germany
| | - Pedro N. Leão
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR)
, University of Porto
,
Matosinhos
, Portugal
.
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40
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The Development of Synthetic Routes to 1,1,n,n-Tetramethyl[n](2,11)teropyrenophanes. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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41
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Henderson WR, Fagnani DE, Grolms J, Abboud KA, Castellano RK. Transannular Hydrogen Bonding in Planar‐Chiral [2.2]Paracyclophane‐Bisamides. Helv Chim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.201900047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Will R. Henderson
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Florida, PO Box 117200 Gainesville FL 32611–7200 USA
| | - Danielle E. Fagnani
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Florida, PO Box 117200 Gainesville FL 32611–7200 USA
| | - Jonathan Grolms
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Florida, PO Box 117200 Gainesville FL 32611–7200 USA
| | - Khalil A. Abboud
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Florida, PO Box 117200 Gainesville FL 32611–7200 USA
| | - Ronald K. Castellano
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Florida, PO Box 117200 Gainesville FL 32611–7200 USA
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42
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Aly AA, Bräse S, Weis P. Tridentate and bidentate copper complexes of [2.2]paracyclophanyl-substituted thiosemicarbazones, thiocarbazones, hydrazones and thioureas. J Mol Struct 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2018.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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43
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Venkatesan N, Rajakumar P. Application of McMurry Coupling for the Synthesis of Indolophanetriene and Carbazolophanetriene - A New Class of Caged Cyclophanes. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201802522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nagarathinam Venkatesan
- Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Madras; Guindy Campus; Chennai 600 025
- Department of Chemistry; Adhi College of Engineering and Technology, Sankarapuram; Kanchipuram 631 605
| | - Perumal Rajakumar
- Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Madras; Guindy Campus; Chennai 600 025
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44
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Miron CE, Colden Leung MR, Kennedy EI, Fleischel O, Khorasani MA, Wu N, Mergny J, Petitjean A. Closing the Loop: Triazolylpyridine Coordination Drives the Self‐Assembly of Metallomacrocycles with Tunable Topologies for Small‐Molecule and Guanine‐Quadruplex Recognition. Chemistry 2018; 24:18718-18734. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201803731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin E. Miron
- Department of ChemistryQueen's University 90 Bader Lane Kingston ON K7L 3N6 Canada
| | | | - Emily I. Kennedy
- Department of ChemistryQueen's University 90 Bader Lane Kingston ON K7L 3N6 Canada
| | | | | | - Nan Wu
- Department of ChemistryQueen's University 90 Bader Lane Kingston ON K7L 3N6 Canada
| | - Jean‐Louis Mergny
- ARNA laboratoryIECBUniversité de Bordeaux, CNRS UMR5320, Inserm U1212 Pessac France
| | - Anne Petitjean
- Department of ChemistryQueen's University 90 Bader Lane Kingston ON K7L 3N6 Canada
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45
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Kamimura A, Watanabe R, Fukumitsu T, Ikeda K, Kawamoto T, Sumimoto M, Mori S, Uno H. Deltaarenes; novel macrocyclic molecules that are readily available from 1,4-benzoquinone and benzene dithiols. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.04.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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46
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Meidlinger D, Marx L, Bordeianu C, Choppin S, Colobert F, Speicher A. Access to the Enantiopure Axially Chiral Cyclophane Isoplagiochin D through Atropo-diastereoselective Heck Coupling. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:9160-9164. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201803677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Meidlinger
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Saarland University; Campus C4.2 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
| | - Lisa Marx
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Saarland University; Campus C4.2 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
| | - Catalina Bordeianu
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Moléculaire et Applications (LIMA); ECPM, UMR 7042, Université de Strasbourg/Université de Haute-Alsace; CNRS; 25 Rue Becquerel 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Sabine Choppin
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Moléculaire et Applications (LIMA); ECPM, UMR 7042, Université de Strasbourg/Université de Haute-Alsace; CNRS; 25 Rue Becquerel 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Françoise Colobert
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Moléculaire et Applications (LIMA); ECPM, UMR 7042, Université de Strasbourg/Université de Haute-Alsace; CNRS; 25 Rue Becquerel 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Andreas Speicher
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Saarland University; Campus C4.2 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
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47
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Meidlinger D, Marx L, Bordeianu C, Choppin S, Colobert F, Speicher A. Ein Zugang zum enantiomerenreinen axial chiralen Cyclophan Isoplagiochin D durch atrop-diastereoselektive Heck-Kupplung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201803677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Meidlinger
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Universität des Saarlandes; Campus C4.2 66123 Saarbrücken Deutschland
| | - Lisa Marx
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Universität des Saarlandes; Campus C4.2 66123 Saarbrücken Deutschland
| | - Catalina Bordeianu
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Moléculaire et Applications (LIMA); ECPM, UMR 7042, Université de Strasbourg/Université de Haute-Alsace; CNRS; 25 Rue Becquerel 67000 Strasbourg Frankreich
| | - Sabine Choppin
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Moléculaire et Applications (LIMA); ECPM, UMR 7042, Université de Strasbourg/Université de Haute-Alsace; CNRS; 25 Rue Becquerel 67000 Strasbourg Frankreich
| | - Françoise Colobert
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Moléculaire et Applications (LIMA); ECPM, UMR 7042, Université de Strasbourg/Université de Haute-Alsace; CNRS; 25 Rue Becquerel 67000 Strasbourg Frankreich
| | - Andreas Speicher
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Universität des Saarlandes; Campus C4.2 66123 Saarbrücken Deutschland
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48
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Thakellapalli H, Farajidizaji B, Li S, Heller JC, Zhang Y, Akhmedov NG, Milsmann C, Petersen JL, Wang KK. Synthesis of a Cyclophane Bearing Two Benz[a]anthracene Units Connected at the 5 and 7 Positions with Two Naphth-1,4-diyl Groups. J Org Chem 2018; 83:2455-2459. [PMID: 29377690 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b03081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A synthetic pathway to a cyclophane bearing two benz[a]anthracene units connected at the 5 and 7 positions through two naphth-1,4-diyl groups was developed, and its structure was confirmed by X-ray structure analysis. Because of structural constraints, the two naphthyl groups are distorted from planarity and the bonds connecting them to the benz[a]anthracene units are bent significantly. The UV-vis and fluorescence spectra of the cyclophane are red-shifted from those of 7-(1-naphthalenyl)benz[a]anthracene, which is the corresponding monomeric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haresh Thakellapalli
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University , Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6045, United States
| | - Behzad Farajidizaji
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University , Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6045, United States
| | - Shuangjiang Li
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University , Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6045, United States
| | - Josef C Heller
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University , Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6045, United States
| | - Yu Zhang
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University , Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6045, United States
| | - Novruz G Akhmedov
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University , Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6045, United States
| | - Carsten Milsmann
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University , Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6045, United States
| | - Jeffrey L Petersen
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University , Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6045, United States
| | - Kung K Wang
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University , Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6045, United States
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49
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Tanaka K. Catalytic Enantioselective Synthesis of Planar Chiral Cyclophanes. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2018. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20170346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ken Tanaka
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550
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50
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Stahlhofen JM, Schollmeyer D, Waldvogel SR. One-Pot Synthesis to Quinone-Based Diaza[3.3]cyclophanes. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201701124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jana Marie Stahlhofen
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz; Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Dieter Schollmeyer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz; Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Siegfried R. Waldvogel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz; Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Germany
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